Unit 3 Celebrations 语法 (被动语态） 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案以“被动语态”为核心语法点，围绕Unit 3 “Celebrations”主题设计，目标是帮助学生掌握被动语态的基本结构、高频用法及综合运用。学案通过“Level 1基础巩固-Level 2综合运用-Level 3综合写作”的递进式任务，结合阅读理解和语法填空，构建完整连贯的学习路径。 亮点在于主题与语法深度融合，通过节日习俗（如“汤圆被煮”“灯笼被点亮”）渗透文化意识，分层练习（被动填空、主动改被动）提升语言能力，综合写作任务（介绍节日用6个被动句）培养思维品质。为学生提供从基础到应用的系统训练，为教师单元复习教学提供清晰的实施框架和丰富资源。

被动语态：be + done（一般现在 / 一般过去 / 情态被动） 北师大版高中英语 · 必修第一册 Unit 3 Celebrations 一、核心语法：被动语态 the passive 被动语态把焦点放在“承受者 / 事情本身”，而不是“谁做”。在 Celebrations 单元里，它特别适合介绍节日习俗、活动安排、规则流程：汤圆被煮、灯笼被点亮、圣诞树被装饰、新公民被欢迎。 （一）基本结构与高频时态 时态/结构 被动形式 Unit 3 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are + done Sweet dumplings are boiled at the Lantern Festival. 一般过去时 was / were + done The outdoor lights were damaged by the storm. 现在完成时 has / have been + done The stage has been set up before the parade. 情态动词 can / must / should / ought to + be + done Phones must be turned off during the ceremony. 将来/计划 will / be going to + be + done More lanterns are going to be lit tonight. 主动变被动四步走： ① 主动句宾语变被动句主语；② 谓语变成 be + done；③ 主动句主语变 by ...（常省略）；④ 时态由 be 体现，done 保持不变。 （二）高频用法与易错点 节日习俗：Red envelopes are given to children. / Lanterns are lit at night. 双宾语：He was given a medal. = A medal was given to him. 人作被动主语更自然。 感官/使役动词被动还原 to：He was made to clean the hall after the party. 不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, appear, occur, break out。 The parade took place on Monday. 不能 was taken place。 系动词无被动：look, smell, taste, feel, sound, keep, prove。The flowers smell sweet.（本身就有主动表被动，因为花是被闻的） need doing（主动表被动） = need to be done：The banners need washing. = The banners need to be washed. 情态被动：规则常不说“谁必须做”，而说“必须被做”：Rubbish must be put into bins. / Photos can be taken after the show. 分层练习 Level 1 基础巩固 —— 被动填空、选择、改错 A. 用括号内动词的适当被动形式填空。 1. Lanterns ______ (light) at many festivals. 1. The school hall ______ (decorate) yesterday afternoon. 1. WorldFest ______ (hold) in Louisville every Labour Day weekend. 1. More than 100 new citizens ______ (welcome) at the naturalization ceremony. 1. Photos ______ (not take) inside some royal events. 1. The Blumenau parade ______ (watch) by thousands of visitors. 1. Many giant pumpkins ______ (weigh) at the Alaska State Fair. 1. The caber ______ (throw) by strong athletes at the Highland Games. 1. Mid-Autumn mooncakes ______ (share) with family and friends. 1. The main stage ______ already ______ (set up) before the Aloha parade. B. 单项选择。 1. The baby gorillas ______ at Kwita Izina every September. A. name B. are named C. named D. are naming 1. The floral parade ______ by many visitors last year. A. was watched B. is watched C. watched D. watching 1. Fireworks ______ near dry grass or crowded streets. A. must be set off B. mustn’t be set off C. can set off D. are setting off 1. The bride and groom ______ many congratulations yesterday. A. were given B. gave C. are giving D. give 1. This festival photo ______ on Instagram yesterday; it has 10,000 likes. A. was posted B. is posted C. posted D. posts 1. The Times Square billboard ______ as “the loudest” last month. A. was described B. described C. is describing D. describes 1. All the lanterns ______ before dark. A. must be hung B. must hang C. must hung D. must to be hung 1. The Christmas gifts ______ already. A. have been wrapped B. have wrapped C. are wrapping D. wrap C. 每句只有一处错误，请改正。 1. The parade is hold every year in September. 1. The flowers are smell sweet after the rain. 1. The accident was happened at the festival gate. 1. He was made clean the hall after the party. 1. The rules ought to obeyed by all visitors. 1. The caber is threw by athletes at the Highland Games. Level 2 综合运用 —— 主动改被动与翻译 把下列主动句改为被动句；不必强调动作执行者时可省略 by 短语。 1. People hold WorldFest in Louisville every year. 1. Thousands of visitors watched the Parade of Cultures. 1. Organizers do not allow phones during the ceremony. 1. You must keep the grass clean after the picnic. 1. Someone has set up the main stage. 1. They gave more than 100 new citizens certificates. 1. People can reuse the festival cups next year. 1. The storm destroyed the outdoor lights. Level 3 综合写作 写一段 80–100 词短文，介绍一个你想推荐的国际或校园节日。至少使用 6 个被动句，其中必须包含 1 个一般过去时被动（was/were done）和 1 个情态被动（must/should/can be done）。参考开头：If you want to see how a city celebrates many cultures at once, you should visit ... Part A 阅读理解 When a City Becomes a Festival In early September, Louisville turns part of the city into a moving map of the world. WorldFest is held over the Labour Day weekend, and this year the festival was visited by more than 150,000 people. A Parade of Cultures was watched by families along the route, while nearly 150 food and craft booths were set up near the park. One quiet but powerful moment was a naturalization ceremony: more than 100 new citizens were welcomed as the national anthem was played. Festivals are not only about fun; they are also about rules. Food waste must be put into bins, parade ropes must be respected, and drones are not allowed over crowds. At Hawaii’s Aloha Festivals, symbols such as the Royal Court are treated seriously. Visitors can take photos, but they are asked to learn the meaning of what they photograph. In Rwanda, Kwita Izina uses a joyful naming ceremony for baby gorillas; conservation messages are shared through music and dance. At the Highland Games, traditional events like the caber toss are still performed, but safety rules are checked before every throw. The lesson is simple: a celebration is a promise. When traditions are respected, when waste is cleaned up, and when newcomers are welcomed, a festival becomes more than a show—it becomes a memory people want to keep. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A. Why Louisville has the best food B. Rules and meanings behind celebrations C. How to win a caber toss D. The history of Hawaii 1. More than 100 new citizens were welcomed during ______. A. the Parade of Cultures B. a naturalization ceremony C. the caber toss D. the Royal Court procession 1. The underlined word “drones” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. small flying cameras B. traditional drums C. festival lanterns D. wooden poles 1. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. Drones are allowed anywhere. B. Visitors should learn before photographing. C. Kwita Izina has no music. D. Safety rules are ignored at the Highland Games. 1. What does the writer mean by “a celebration is a promise”? A. Festivals must be expensive. B. Celebrations carry responsibility to respect people, culture and place. C. Only citizens can join. D. Promises should be made at weddings only. Part B 语法填空 —— 被动语态专练 用方框内动词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次，每空不超过 3 个词。 decorate sing hold make give allow turn put set represent Our school held an “International Day” last Friday. The hall __1__ with flags from twenty countries, and the opening song __2__ in three languages. A food fair __3__ after the ceremony; dumplings, mooncakes, tacos and shortbread __4__ by students’ families. Because many parents helped, thanks __5__ to them before the closing show. Visitors __6__ to take photos in the exhibition area, but phones __7__ off during the welcome speech. All rubbish __8__ into the right bins, and the lost-and-found desk __9__ at the gate. The best part was that every country __10__ fairly and respectfully. 参考答案 Level 1 A. 1 are lit 2 was decorated 3 is held 4 are welcomed 5 must not / cannot be taken 6 is watched 7 are weighed 8 is thrown 9 are shared 10 has; been set up B. 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A C. 1 hold → held 2 are smell → smell 3 was happened → happened 4 made clean → made to clean 5 ought to obeyed → ought to be obeyed 6 is threw → is thrown Level 2 1 WorldFest is held in Louisville every year. 2 The Parade of Cultures was watched by thousands of visitors. 3 Phones are not allowed during the ceremony. 4 The grass must be kept clean after the picnic. 5 The main stage has been set up. 6 More than 100 new citizens were given certificates. 7 The festival cups can be reused next year. 8 The outdoor lights were destroyed by the storm. Level 3 参考范文 If you want to see how a city celebrates many cultures at once, you should visit the International Day in our school. Different flags are hung in the hall. Many special foods are prepared by students’ parents. Wonderful performances are put on on the stage. Last year, a wonderful song was sung in three languages. Visitors are allowed to take photos here. Phones must be turned off during the shows. Different cultures are respected and shared on this day. It is a meaningful festival where people can enjoy different cultures and make new friends. Part A 阅读理解 When a City Becomes a Festival 答案：1—5 B B A B B 第1题：B. 主旨大意题。文章三段各有侧重：第1段讲 Louisville 的 WorldFest（多元文化庆典）；第2段首句点明主题 "Festivals are not only about fun; they are also about rules"（节日不仅关乎欢乐，也关乎规则），并列举夏威夷、卢旺达、苏格兰的例子说明规则与传统内涵；第3段总结 "a celebration is a promise"。 干扰项分析：排除干扰项：A 只抓食物细节，以偏概全；C 只抓 caber toss（掷木柱）一个例子；D 全文只在第2段提了一句 Hawaii，并非主题。 第2题：B. 细节理解题。第1段原句直接对应："One quiet but powerful moment was a naturalization ceremony: more than 100 new citizens were welcomed..." 词汇点拨：naturalization ceremony = 入籍仪式（naturalize v. 使入籍）。 干扰项分析：A 游行、C 掷木柱、D 皇室仪仗都只是文中其他活动，与入籍无关。 第3题：A. 词义猜测题。语境："drones are not allowed over crowds"（不允许在人群上空飞）。关键线索是 "over crowds（在人群上方）"——能在人群上空飞行、且出于安全考虑被禁的，只能是无人机/小型飞行摄像设备。 干扰项分析：B 传统鼓、C 节日灯笼、D 木杆都不会"飞在人群上空"。 第4题：B. 细节判断题。第2段原句："Visitors can take photos, but they are asked to learn the meaning of what they photograph."（游客可以拍照，但被要求在拍照前了解所拍内容的意义。） 干扰项分析：A 与原文 "drones are not allowed" 相反；C 与原文 "conservation messages are shared through music and dance" 相反；D 与原文 "safety rules are checked before every throw" 相反（被检查 ≠ 被忽视）。 第5题：B. 推理判断题。原句在第3段，后文紧接着解释："When traditions are respected, when waste is cleaned up, and when newcomers are welcomed..."——尊重传统（文化）、清理垃圾（场所）、欢迎新市民（人），正对应 B 项的 "people, culture and place"。 干扰项分析：A "必须昂贵"、C "只有公民能参加"、D "只在婚礼许愿" 均与原文无关。 Part B 语法填空（被动语态专练） 解题总纲：时间标志 last Friday（上周五）→ 全文用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词。主语是单数/不可数名词用 was；复数主语用 were。 题号 答案 动词 解析 1 was decorated decorate 主语 the hall（单数）→ was；decorate…with… 用……装饰……（固定搭配） 2 was sung sing 主语 the opening song（单数）→ was；sing 的过去分词是不规则变化 sung 3 was held hold 主语 a food fair（单数）→ was；hold（举办）的过去分词是不规则变化 held 4 were made make 主语为多种食物（复数）→ were；make 的过去分词是 made；句末 by students' families 是被动语态标志 5 were given give 主语 thanks（复数名词）→ were；give thanks to sb. 向某人致谢（固定搭配） 6 were allowed allow 主语 visitors（复数）→ were；be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（固定搭配） 7 were turned turn 主语 phones（复数）→ were；turn off 关闭，被动语态中 off 保留：were turned off 8 was put put 主语 all rubbish（不可数名词）→ was；put 的过去分词仍是 put（三态同形）；put…into… 把……放进…… 9 was set set 主语 the lost-and-found desk（单数）→ was；set up 设立，被动语态：was set up；set 三态同形 10 was represented represent every country（every + 单数名词，谓语用单数）→ was；represent 表示"代表、展现" 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $