Unit 4 Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 WHY DO WE NEED HUMOUR（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版)

本讲义围绕“幽默的重要性”核心主题，构建“词汇铺垫—听力输入—语言内化—技能输出”学习支架。先通过“听说课前清障”梳理12个核心词汇短语，再设计多轮听力练习（含教材音频4.3-4.7），从文本类型判断、幽默影响分析到实际场景应用，逐步深化理解，最后结合写作词汇（如whisper、expense）和重点句型（be likely to do sth）讲解，为语言输出奠基。 该资料突出“分层递进”设计，助力核心素养提升。听力部分通过选择与填空结合，训练语言理解能力；阅读材料（如Basnet喜剧之路、幽默与科学传播研究）引导分析推断，培养思维品质；词汇句型采用“用法-佳句-练透-写美”结构，提升学习能力。课中音频辅助听力教学，课后分层作业（基础练与能力练）帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2　WHY DO WE NEED HUMOUR？ 听说课前清障 1.让我们笑个不停 make us laugh all the time 2.心情不好　　in a bad mood 3.保护我们远离心脏病　　protect us from heart disease 4.有深远的影响　　have far－reaching effects 5.从幽默中受益　　benefit from humour 6.help relieve tension　　帮助缓解紧张 7.a good laugh开怀大笑 8.improve the function of blood vessels　　改善血管功能 9.fight infection　　对抗感染 10.whisper in my ear　　在我耳边低语 11.get the host’s name wrong　　弄错主人的名字 12.in an awkward situation　　在尴尬的情况下 话题听力提能 Ⅰ．听教材听力4.3，回答第1、2题。 1.What is the text type of the passage？（　　） A．Narration． B．Speech． C．News Report． 2.What can humour do for us？（　　） A．Humour has physical effects． B．Humour has psychological effects． C．Humour has both physical and psychological effects． 答案：1－2　BC Ⅱ．再听教材听力4.3，根据所听内容填空。 　　I believe that all of us enjoy watching a comedy film or hearing a good joke， because it makes us laugh all the time．Babies laugh long before they can speak．It’s almost as if humour is hard－wired into us．So there must be some kind of benefit to it． Ⅲ．听教材听力4.4，回答第1、2题。 1.Which does help protect us from heart disease？（　　） A．A good laugh increases blood in the heart． B．A good laugh improves the function of blood vessels． C．A good laugh helps relieve tension． 2.How is our body better able to fight infection when we laugh？（　　） A．The level of stress chemicals in our body falls． B．The number of immune cells in our body decreases． C．The passage doesn’t tell us． 答案：1－2　BA Ⅳ．再听教材听力4.4，根据所听内容填空。 　　Let’s talk about the physical effects．Firstly， laughter helps relieve tension．It relaxes the muscles in our body， and the effects can be felt for as long as 45 minutes after a good laugh． Ⅴ．听教材听力4.5，回答第1、2题。 1.What does “far－reaching effects” mean？ （　　） A．It means that it will have a great influence on how we live． B．It means that it will have a great influence on when we live． C．It means that it will have a great influence on why we live． 2.What will we do if we are in a bad mood？（　　） A．We will try to be positive and funny． B．We will express negative attitudes and feelings． C．We will make people enjoy our company． 答案：1－2　AB Ⅵ．再听教材听力4.5，根据所听内容填空。 1.There is a song that says，“Smile， though your heart is breaking．” Does it mean there is a relation between smiling and mood？ The answer is YES．Humour also has psychological effects on our mind．Scientists have proved that there is a two－way effect between smiling and mood： when we’re happy， we naturally smile； and when we smile， even if we don’t feel like it， it can also make us feel happy． 2.Besides， when we incorporate humour as part of our life attitude， it can have far－reaching effects． Ⅶ．听教材听力4.7，回答第1、2题。 1.Why did Mike feel embarrassed at the party？（　　） A．He kept on getting the host’s name wrong． B．He kept on getting the hostess’s name wrong． C．He mistook the host’s name for hostess’s one． 2.How did Mike handle the awkward situation？（　　） A．By making a joke about himself． B．By making a joke about others． C．By making a joke about his shirt． 答案：1－2　AA Ⅷ．再听教材听力4.7，根据所听内容填空。 1.Very awkward．Then， right at the end of the party， I went to him and said — in front of everybody — “Thanks for the wonderful party， Richard”．Everybody else got really quiet．After a while， somebody whispered in my ear：“His name is Cliff， not Richard．” I felt so embarrassed．I couldn’t stop blushing． 2.Well， you know I’d recently read an article that introduced some ways to solve an awkward situation．One example of this is that you can use humour to get people to laugh at you．For instance， if you accidentally pour coffee all over yourself， you can laugh at yourself or make a joke about it．You can say，for example，“My T－shirt also wants to have a cup of coffee．” That way， other people can laugh too， without being rude about laughing at someone else’s expense．Laughter is a great way to make people feel comfortable in an awkward situation．So I just started laughing and said， “Oh dear， one of these days I’m going to forget my own name!” Everybody laughed， even Richard — I mean Cliff． 写作词汇集释 1.whisper vi．& vt．悄声说，低语，耳语n．耳语（声），低语（声）；传言；谣传 教材原句　After a while， somebody whispered in my ear：“His name is Cliff， not Richard．” 过了一会儿，有人在我耳边低声说：“他叫克里夫，不是理查德。” 【用法】 （1）whisper to sb与某人耳语 whisper about sth/sb　　小声议论某事/某人 whisper sth to sb　　低声告诉某人某事 whisper sth in one’s ear　在某人耳边小声说某事 It is/was whispered that ．．．　据传闻…… （2）in a whisper/whispers　　耳语地；低声地 【佳句】　（2025•全国二卷） “Qiu” means autumn in Chinese while “Yu” refers to rain — gentle drops that nurture life．Together， they paint a scene of autumn rain whispering through falling leaves． “秋”在中文中意指秋天，而“雨”则是滋养万物的轻柔甘露。当二字相融，便勾勒出秋雨轻喃、穿叶而落的诗意画卷。 【练透】　语段填空 ①I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in whispers （whisper）．Suddenly Jenny leaned over and whispered something in Helen’s ear．I wanted to know what they were whispering about．Then I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out． 【写美】　完成句子 ②It is whispered that Sarah and Emily have been inseparable friends since kindergarten． 据传闻，莎拉和艾米丽从幼儿园开始就是形影不离的朋友。 2.expense n．费用，花费 教材原句　That way， other people can laugh too， without being rude about laughing at someone else’s expense．这样，其他人也可以笑，而不会因为拿别人开玩笑而显得无礼。 【用法】 （1）at sb’s expense　嘲笑某人；由某人负担费用 at the expense of ．．． 在牺牲/损害……的情况下 spare no expense to do sth　　不遗余力做某事 （2）expensive adj．　　昂贵的；花钱多的 【佳句】　①After all， exploring the world shouldn’t come at the planet’s expense． 毕竟，探索世界不应该以牺牲地球为代价。 ②The new laptop is very expensive， but it works really well and lasts a long time． 这台新笔记本电脑很贵，但性能很好，而且很耐用。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She helped others at the expense of her own needs， always putting everyone else first． ②They spared no expense to help （help） the family rebuild their home after the fire． 【写美】　完成句子 ③The family dinner was full of laughter， often at Dad’s expense， who took it all in good humour．　（动作描写） 家庭晚餐充满了笑声，经常是以爸爸为笑料，但他都坦然接受了。 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式：be likely to do sth有可能做某事 教材原句　We all know that if we are in a bad mood， we are likely to express negative attitudes and feelings ．．． 我们都知道如果心情不好，我们可能会表达负面的态度和感情…… 【用法】 （1）Sb/Sth be likely to do sth=It’s likely that ．．．做某事是可能的 （2）unlikely adj．　　不太可能发生的 Sb/Sth be unlikely to do sth=It’s unlikely that ．．．　　做某事是不可能的 （3）It is probable/possible that ．．．　有可能…… 【品悟】　My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved．　（心理描写） 当我知道我们很可能会得救时，我的心高兴得跳了起来。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①Read more and one can be likely to write an excellent article． 多读书，一个人才可能写出精彩的文章。 ②因为即将到来的考试，他明天可能会很忙。 →He is likely to be busy tomorrow because of the coming exam． →It is likely/possible that he will be busy tomorrow because of the coming exam． 维度一：品句填词 1.There’s tension （紧张） and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust． 2.The house was painted and decorated again at great expense （费用）． 3.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles （肌肉） and your brain． 4.Just looking at green， growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood （情绪）． 5.He made a slight mistake and blushed （脸红） in front of his classmates， eager to correct it quickly． 6.After receiving the vaccine， she became immune to the virus． 7.To enhance the flavour， the chef incorporated fresh herbs into the sauce， giving it a delightful favour． 8.Lily leaned close to me and began to whisper a secret，hoping I would not tell anyone else． 维度二：词形转换 1.Like running， race walking is physically （physical） demanding， she says． 2.Humour has a positive psychological （psychology） effect when we are in difficulties． 3.We are energised （energy） by love if we put our energy into loving． 4.They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections （infect）． 5.Tom felt a wave of embarrassment （embarrass） when his joke didn’t make anyone laugh． 6.She accidentally （accidental） spilled her drink all over the new carpet， feeling embarrassed and nervous． 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.I almost believe that you are amusing yourself at my expense （嘲笑我）． 2.The more confident we are， the more likely we are to succeed （我们就越有可能成功）． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•江苏南通高二期中）In 2015， our readers first met Shailee Basnet， the 34－year－old former Nepali journalist．Shortly after she and six of her countrywomen successfully reached the summit of the tallest mountain on each of the seven continents， on the night of September 8， two years later， Basnet was preparing to entertain a packed house at New York’s Broadway Comedy Club． 　　What Basnet learned from climbing mountains， besides the fact that she is stronger and braver than she knew， is that failure is temporary and anything is achievable if you focus on one step at a time． 　　This works for her in comedy．“You don’t need to find the courage to do everything at once．You only need to find the courage to write your first joke， tell a friend， and then find a platform where people will hear you，” Basnet says． 　　Long before Basnet began dreaming of climbing mountains， she imagined something even more audacious， considering her hometown， Nepal’s capital city， had virtually no comedy scene．A fan of American comedians， Basnet dreamed of becoming a stand－up comic． 　　Along the way， she held on to her comedy dreams．Basnet took her first steps onstage at a show in Kathmandu in 2011 and then began organizing open－mic nights around the city to have a place to showcase her new material．On trips with her husband to visit his family in Boulder， Colorado， Basnet attended stand－up shows and began dreaming of taking the stage in English． 　　“At first， I worried that my jokes wouldn’t translate because people kept saying comedy is very local， very cultural，” Basnet says．“Then I noticed that I could understand 100 percent of what Ellen DeGeneres， Jerry Seinfeld， Russell Peters， all the big comics， were saying．If I can understand them， then I can work to get to the point where they understand me．Beneath the surface， we are all the same．Human emotions and issues — it all becomes very translatable if you go deeper．” 　　How she arrived at this moment， however， still feels a bit like magic．Determined to one day turn her 10－minute set into a two－hour show， Basnet puts as much thought into each performance as she once did into her climbs． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了尼泊尔喜剧演员Shailee Basnet的成长与成功之路。 1.What lesson from climbing mountains benefits Basnet’s stage career？（　　） A．Confidence and teamwork． B．Intensive physical training． C．Adaptation to environments． D．Determination and steady progress． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容和第三段中This works for her in comedy．可知，Basnet通过登山学到的坚持和逐步进步的精神对她的喜剧事业有所帮助。 2.What does the underlined word “audacious” in paragraph 4 mean？（　　） A．Daring．　 B．Eventful． C．Relaxing．　 D．Unfamiliar． 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线后considering her hometown， Nepal’s capital city， had virtually no comedy scene可知，Basnet的家乡几乎没有喜剧氛围，而她梦想成为脱口秀演员，因此这个梦想是“大胆的”，audacious与daring“大胆的”意思一致。 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly focus on concerning Basnet？（　　） A．Her hard efforts to realize goals． B．Her awareness of true passion． C．Her difficult road to success． D．Her popularity on the stage． 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段讲述了Basnet为实现她的喜剧梦想而付出的努力。 4.How did Basnet approach the challenge of performing comedy in English？（　　） A．She told her jokes to her husband’s family first． B．She studied American culture closely． C．She focused on universally understandable humor． D．She copied American big comics’ skills． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的If I can understand them， then I can work to get to the point where they understand me ．．．可知，Basnet通过专注于能够被普遍理解的幽默应对了用英语表演的挑战。 B 　　Humour is the most effective， yet frequently neglected， means of handling the difficult situations in our lives．It can be used for patching up differences， apologizing， saying “no”， criticizing， and getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face．For some jobs， it is the only tool that can succeed．It is a way to discuss sensitive subjects because a serious dialogue may start a riot．For example， many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum． 　　Humour is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from escalating （升级） into a big deal．Recently a neighbor of mine had a quarrel with his wife as she drove him to the airport．Airborne， he felt miserable， and he knew she did， too．Two hours after she returned home， she received a long－distance phone call．“Person－to－person for Mrs I．A．Pologize，” intoned the operator．“That’s spelled ‘P’ as in ．．．” In a twinkling （眨眼间）， the whole day changed from bad to lovely at both ends of the wire． 　　An English hostess with a quick wit was giving a formal dinner for eight distinguished guests whom she hoped to enlist （赞助） in a major charity drive．Austerity was a fashion in England at the time， and she had asked her children to serve the meal．She knew that anything could happen ．．．and it did， just as her son，with the studied concentration of a tight rope walker， brought in a large roast turkey； he successfully elbowed the swinging dining－room door，but the backswing （回摆） threw the turkey onto the dining－room floor． 　　The boy stood rooted； the guests staring at their plates．Moving only her head， the hostess looked at her son，“No harm， Daniel，” she said， “just pick him up and take him back to the kitchen ．．．” She enunciated （发音） clearly so he would think about what she was saying， “and bring in the other one”． 　　A wink and a one－liner instantly changed the dinner from a red－faced embarrassment to a fit of laughter． 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过两个例子阐述了幽默如何帮助我们有效地应对尴尬的局面，使困境变得轻松愉快。 5.What is the main idea of the passage？（　　） A．Humour is the key to success in our work and lives． B．Humour enables us to deal with difficult situations effectively． C．Humour is the best way to criticize someone without losing his face． D．Humour makes fun of any difficult situation． 解析：B　主旨大意题。根据文章首句可知，本文主要讲的是幽默如何帮助我们有效地处理困难的情况。 6.Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage？（　　） A．Comedians on TV are believed to have done a lot in making people more tolerant （容忍） of racial and religious differences． B．To make up differences， humour is the most acceptable and effective means． C．People often turn to humorous ways when meeting with difficult situations because of its effectiveness． D．Only by adopting the means of humour can one succeed in some jobs． 解析：C　细节理解题。第一段最后一句的举例提到了A项；第一段第一句提到了B项；第一段中的For some jobs， it is the only tool that can succeed．提到了D项。C项未被提及。 7.What caused the roast turkey to drop onto the floor？（　　） A．The backward movement of the door． B．The son’s rude behavior． C．Someone happened to be at the door． D．The bird raised by the family． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的he successfully elbowed ．．．threw the turkey onto the dining－room floor可知，门向后摆动导致烤火鸡掉在地上。 8.What do you think would probably be the result if the hostess got angry and scolded the son？（　　） A．It would make the embarrassing situation worse． B．The son would refuse to serve the guests any more． C．The son would talk back and make the mother more angry． D．The guests would leave before the dinner was over． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，火鸡掉在地上本来是很尴尬的事情，但一句俏皮话立刻让气氛变得轻松。由此推断，如果家长选择责骂孩子，可能会让情况变得更糟糕。 C 　　（2026•辽宁锦州高二检测）Scientists traditionally avoid jokes， worried that a lighthearted tone might reduce their authority and， consequently， the trustworthiness of their findings．A new study challenges this idea， showing that well－chosen humor can actually make scientists more likable and their research more trustworthy． 　　Led by Alexandra Lynn Frank from the University of Georgia， the research tested humor’s role in science communication through social media．The team created posts from a fictional scientist， Dr．Jamie Devon， sharing cartoons about artificial intelligence （AI）．These posts used three humor styles： playful comparisons （like giving robots human characteristics）， mean jokes about technology， or a mix of both．Some posts had no humor as a comparison． 　　Over 2，200 participants viewed these posts in an online experiment．They rated how funny the content was， how much they liked the scientist， and how credible the information seemed．Results revealed that light， positive humor — such as showing AI as a curious robot asking questions — made the scientist feel more approachable and the research more reliable．However， mean or unfriendly jokes reduced trust in the scientist． 　　“Humor helps people connect with scientists，” Frank explained．“When we laugh， we’re more open to listening．” But she stressed that jokes must feel natural， adding， “If the audience doesn’t find it funny， it could backfire．” For example， playful cartoons worked better than making fun of tech failures． 　　The study advises scientists to avoid tough jokes targeting individuals．Instead， gentle humor that simplifies complex ideas — like comparing climate change to the Earth having a “fever” — can build interest and fight misinformation．While focused on AI， these tips apply to fields like health or environmental science． 　　In today’s fast－paced digital world， humor could help scientists stand out on social media．Funny posts may attract more viewers， make tough topics easier to understand， and build public trust．The key is balancing fun with facts： lighthearted jokes don’t weaken expertise but create friendly， memorable connections． 　　Frank’s team hopes their findings encourage scientists to experiment with humor．As one participant noted， “A scientist who jokes feels more human — like someone I’d trust．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明恰当使用幽默可以提升科学家在公众中的亲和力和其研究的可信度，并鼓励科学家在传播科学时尝试使用幽默。 9.Scientists avoid using jokes in their communication because they fear that jokes 　　　　．（　　） A．waste research time B．might confuse the public C．make their work seem unreliable D．distract from scientific facts 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，科学家们避免在交流中开玩笑，因为他们担心幽默可能削弱他们的权威性，进而影响研究的可信度。 10.What does the underlined word “backfire” in paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　） A．Be effective． B．Have the opposite result． C．Be natural． D．Make people laugh． 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句可推知，如果幽默让观众不觉得好笑，可能会导致不良反应，因此，画线词的意思是“产生相反的结果”。 11.According to the study， what kind of humor is recommended for scientists？（　　） A．Jokes that target individuals． B．Making fun of technology failures． C．Playful comparisons and gentle jokes． D．Using complex ideas to create humor． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段前两句可知，研究建议科学家使用温和幽默，避免针对个人的尖刻笑话，温和幽默能够激发公众兴趣并有效对抗虚假信息。 12.What is the best title for the text？（　　） A．Science and Social Media B．Jokes in Various Social Contexts C．The Impact of Humor on Public Trust D．The Role of Humor in Science Communication 解析：D　标题归纳题。根据第一段和倒数第二段的内容可知，文章主要讲述了幽默在科学传播中的作用，尤其是在社交媒体中，通过幽默可以提高科学家在公众中的亲和力和研究的可信度。因此，D项最符合文章主题。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　It’s well understood that humour can have powerful impacts on both our physical and mental health.13.　　 To better understand which types of humour promote mental wellness， and which forms may be actively harmful， psychologist Rod Martin broke humour down into four styles． 　　Affiliative （有亲和力的） humour refers to jokes about things that everyone might find funny．14.　　 The types of jokes told by comedians like Jerry Seinfeld represent this sort of humour．If you’ve ever bantered （调侃） with a co－worker or among your friends， you’ve used affiliative humour． 　　15.　　 It’s often used as a way to deal with stress or hardship and feel better as a result．Jon Stewart from the Daily Show often uses self－enhancing humour by saying things such as， “Maybe I just don’t understand，” or “I’m not the brightest guy．” 　　Aggressive （好斗的） humour is laughing at the expense of others．This is the humour that is used by more aggressive comedians， such as Don Rickles or the late Joan Rivers．Some of the audience to this type of humour will find it funny.16.　　 　　Self－defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain approval from others．The late comedian Rodney Dangerfield would be an example．People who use self－defeating humour may try to make themselves appear more socially acceptable， but it can have the opposite effect and cause people to distance themselves from them.17.　　 And it is sometimes used to try to avoid attacks — making oneself the target of jokes before others put you down． A．It is employed to facilitate relationships． B．It is capable of turning anxiety into pleasure． C．Yet not all types of humour have the same effect． D．Self－enhancing humour can raise one’s confidence． E．So this can be an unhealthy form of humour psychologically． F．Self－enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself． G．However， others might laugh to cover up a feeling of discomfort． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种幽默风格，包括其特点及对心理健康的影响，并探讨了不同幽默类型的作用。 13.C　空前一句谈到幽默对身心健康有影响，空后一句表明不同类型幽默效果不同。C项引出下文对不同类型幽默的阐述。 14.A　上文介绍了亲和型幽默。A项进一步说明这种幽默的作用，It指代上文的Affiliative （有亲和力的） humour，且与下文提到在同事和朋友间使用这种幽默相呼应。 15.F　下文介绍了自我提升型幽默。F项引出下文对自我提升型幽默的具体说明。 16.G　上文介绍了攻击性幽默及部分观众的反应。G项与上文形成对比，说明另一些观众对这种幽默的反应，However表转折。 17.E　上文表明自我贬低型幽默可能带来不好的结果。E项对上文进行总结，其中的this指代上文自我贬低型幽默带来的不良影响。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $