Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语定语从句中关系副词when、where、why的用法及关系词判定这一核心知识点，承接关系代词学习，通过“先感悟-会发现-善归纳-运用练”的学习支架，结合睡眠问题等真实语料实例，帮助学生掌握关系副词在从句中作状语的用法及与关系代词的区别。 该资料特色在于采用“形式-意义-使用”三维动态语法观，以动物保护辩论等真实语料为载体，提升语言能力。通过对比关系代词与关系副词的判定，培养思维品质中的分析能力。分维度练习及听力音频训练，助力学生巩固知识，提升学习能力，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后帮助学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Using language Part Ⅰ　Grammar 定语从句（2） 　　Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest①？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past. 　　A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep， some wake up in the middle of the night， and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep② is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term， people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term， they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory， being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing and night is the time when their bodies grow faster③.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down and their health suffers④. 　　So， if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep， it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle. 上面中加蓝的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，分别是when， where，why，这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词要用when，如：①③；如果先行词是表示具体地点或抽象的名词，如：situation，stage等时，关系词要用where，如：④；如果先行词是reason，关系词要用why，如：②。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. ②（教材典句）Eventually， it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter. ③（教材典句）Sadly， human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. 【会发现】 句①②③分别是关系副词when， where和why引导的定语从句，这些关系副词在定语从句中都作　状语　。它们前面的名词分别表示的是　时间　、　地点　和　原因　。 【善归纳】 1.基本用法：当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，且在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点或原因状语时，定语从句则分别用相应的关系副词when， where或why引导。注意关系副词不能省略。 2.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词＋which”结构： ①when＝on （in， at， during ...）＋which ②where＝in （at， on ...）＋which ③why＝for which 名师点津 　　当先行词是each time， the first time， the last time等时，后面的定语从句常不用关系副词when。 【运用练】　用适当的关系副词填空 ①You have a full preparation before this event， which is the most important reason 　why　 you show up here. ②Occasions are quite rare 　when　 I have time to spend a day with my kids. ③We should keep calm in the situation 　where　 we are faced with unexpected challenges. ④She still remembers the day 　when　 Bill first walked into her office. ⑤（2025·全国二卷）Yet now， I live in the countryside of Zhejiang， China with my Chinese husband and his family， 　where　 bamboo and tea bushes（灌木） grow wild in the mountains， chickens are always free-range， and central heating doesn’t exist. ⑥The reason 　why　 Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students is that it has a wide variety of attractive topics. 二、定语从句中关系词的判定 【先感悟】 ①Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？ ②Do you remember the days （that/which） we spent together on the farm？ ③I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend yesterday. ④I won’t listen to the reason （that/which） you have given us. 【会发现】 1.句①②的先行词都是the days， 但它在句①中的定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词　when　；在句②中的定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用关系代词　that/which　，或省略关系代词。 2.句③④的先行词都是the reason，但它在句③中的定语从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词　why　；而在句④中的定语从句中作have given的直接宾语，故用关系代词　that/which　，或省略关系代词。 【善归纳】 当表示时间、地点或原因的名词后有定语从句时，关系词的判定方法如下： （1）判断句式：根据定语从句的概念和基本用法来判断句子是不是定语从句。 （2）判断成分：把先行词代入定语从句中，判断其作何种句子成分，若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，则用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词。 【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空 ①Keep the book in a place 　where　 you can find it easily. ②The reason 　why　 he was late was that he missed his train. ③The reason 　that/which/不填　 he explained at the meeting was not sound. ④This is the house 　which/that　 was built by my grandfather forty years ago. ⑤But it was a meaningful day， 　when　 we learned a lot from it. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers， for night is the time 　when　 their bodies grow faster. 2.I can never forget the day 　when　 we worked together， and the place 　that/which　 we visited together. 3.The reason 　why　 he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam. 4.We have entered into an age 　when　 dreams have the best chance of coming true. 5.①The girl lives in the house 　that/which　 is directly opposite ours. ②The girl lives in the house 　where　 she was born and brought up. 6.①This is the factory 　where　 the most expensive cars are made. ②Is the factory 　that/which　 makes laptop computers located in Shenzhen？ 7.①The old couple will never forget the days 　when　 they had a summer camp in Australia. ②The volunteers will never forget the days 　that/which　 they spent in Guangzhou. 8.①Do you know the reason 　why　 he didn’t attend your birthday party？ ②Do you believe the reason 　that/which　 he gave for his spending so much money in a week？ 9.①Jinan is a city 　where　 there are many well-known springs and tourist attractions. ②Jinan is a city 　that/which　 is famous for its springs and beautiful scenery. 10.①There are two points 　that/which　 we must stick to in our daily lives. ②Their relationship has reached the point 　where　 they have to separate with each other. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.你能指给我看你找到丢失钥匙的地方吗？ Can you show me 　the place where you found the lost keys　？ 2.他告诉我的理由是合理的。 The reason 　that/which he told me　 is reasonable. 3.我永远不会忘记我们搬进新家的那一天。 I will never forget the day 　when we moved into our new house　. 4.看到这个花园，让我回想起了我们住在巴黎的那些日子。 The sight of the garden brought me back to the days 　when we lived in Paris　. 5.我是来向你解释我没有参加你生日聚会的原因的。 I have come to explain the reason 　why I was absent from your birthday party　 to you. Part Ⅱ　Listening and speaking 一、听力清障 1.a huge amount of　　　　大量的 2.on the whole　　总的来说 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Listen to the TV debate in the textbook and choose the best answers. 1.What are the speakers talking about？（　　） A.How to operate a zoo. B.How to protect wild animals. C.Should we keep wild animals in zoos？ 2.What do we know about Max and Amy according to their debate？（　　） A.They are colleagues. B.They hold different opinions about the zoo. C.They totally agree with each other about the protection of wild animals. 3.What may they talk about in the following section？（　　） A.How to protect the animals. B.How to successfully manage a zoo. C.How to educate people. 答案：1－3　CBA （二）听力填空 Listen to the TV debate again and fill in the blanks. DJ： Joining us today we have zookeeper Max Wilson， and Amy Lee from the organisation Keep Wild Animals Wild.They are here to discuss whether we should 1.　keep wild animals　 in zoos.Max， let’s start with you. Max： As a zookeeper， I’ve seen how zoos help protect animals 2.　in danger of　 dying out.For example， my zoo is well-known for its programme to save tigers. Amy：3.　I’m afraid I don’t agree　 that these programmes are always successful.We’ve seen a lot of examples where the animals 4.　start to depend too much on humans　， and are unable to live on their own when returned to the wild.We’ve seen a lot of examples that have failed. Max： But you 5.　must admit　 there are successful ones.And zoos are also a good way to educate people about animals.That’s killing two birds with one stone. Amy： Oh， 6.　I totally agree　 that people should learn as much as possible about animals because we share the planet with them. Max： Exactly.Zoos allow us to 7.　observe animals　 in places that are similar to their natural environments. Amy： I’m sorry， but that’s just not true.No zoo can offer its animals an environment that’s as good as their natural one.Elephants， for example， need a huge amount of space to live happily.8.　On the whole　， I think zoos do more good for people than for animals. DJ： Well， I think 9.　we all agree　 that we should do our best to help protect animals and teach people more about them.Let’s continue this discussion after 10.　a short break　. ◇add ...to ... 把……加到……里 教材原句　English idioms are a way of adding colour to the language. 英语习语是一种为语言增色的方式。 【用法】 （1）add to　　　　　　　增加；增添 add up　　把……加起来 add up to　　合计达 （2）in addition　　另外，此外 in addition to　　除……之外 【佳句】　These plants will add interest to your garden in winter. 这些植物在冬季会给你的花园增添胜景。 【点津】　add除有“增加，增添；加”之意外，还可意为“补充说”。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　In　 addition， the classic Chinese folk music Butterfly Lovers will be performed. ②Fireworks add 　to　 a festive atmosphere. 【写美】　完成句子 ③仔细把清单上的这些数字全部加起来，算出它们的总和是多少。 　Add up　 all the figures on the list carefully and find out what they 　add up to　. 维度一：基础题型练 单词拼写 1.Finding affordable 　accommodation　 （住处） in this city can be challenging. 2.The primary 　source　 （来源） of income for the family is the small business they run. 3.Despite the challenges， they managed to 　found　 （创立） a successful company. 4.The manager has the 　authority　 （权力） to hire and fire employees. 5.“Let the cat out of the bag” is an 　idiom　 （习语） meaning to tell a secret by mistake. 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。 I still remember the time 　when I first traveled by plane　. 2.我们中的每个人都不得不面临必须做出抉择的时刻。 Every one of us has to face a time 　when we must make a choice　. 3.我们生活在一个人们在很多方面互相帮助的社会里。 We are living in a society 　where people help each other　 in many ways. 4.在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。 As you go through your daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations 　where things will go wrong　. 5.你的英语取得很大进步的原因是你改进了学习方法。 The reason 　why you’ve made great progress in English is that　 you’ve improved your study methods. 6.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇的那一天。 I will never forget the day 　when we first met　. 7.这就是我过去三年里学习的学校。 This is the school 　where I have studied for the past three years　. 8.他放弃这份工作的原因是他想要追求自己的梦想。 The reason why he gave up the job　 is that he wants to pursue his own dream. 9.总有一天你会感谢现在努力的自己。 There will be a time 　when you will thank yourself for working hard now　. 10.我们来到了很多古老建筑被完好保存的村庄。 We came to the village 　where many ancient buildings are well preserved　. 维度三：语法与语篇 根据提示用恰当的定语从句完成语段 　　This is the house 1.　where I was born　 （我出生的地方）.It was built at a time 2.　when my family was very poor　 （那时我们家很穷）， so it seemed very old and dirty.Now， after so many years， the old house 3.　that/which has been badly damaged　 （它已经被严重损坏） is going to be knocked down.I think that is the reason 4.　why my family decided to leave for the town　 （我们家为什么决定去镇上）.To tell the truth， I really miss the days 5.　when my family lived here happily　 （我们家幸福地生活在这里的时候）.That is a sweet memory and I will never forget it. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·沈阳市郊联体高一上期末）In the spring， the western tanagers （唐纳雀） prepared to migrate thousands of miles to the forests of the Mountain West， flying through grasslands， deserts， and occasionally， suburban yards. 　　To fuel them on their lengthy journey， western tanagers feed on insects and berries.They must take advantage of the early-season boom in insects that started with springtime plant growth to produce healthy young.But as global climate change caused spring to start earlier， birds such as western tanagers were arriving at their destination after what was known as “green-up”， when flowers began blooming and insects popped up.With the shift of the time when plants put out new leaves， western tanagers became more likely to reach their destinations when food is in shortage or after insect numbers have begun to drop. 　　Scott Loss， a professor at Oklahoma State University and his colleagues used satellite imagery to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species， and then compared that timing with the current green-up.They found that spring was indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes.The trend continued this year. 　　The paper continued to build this picture of the inability of birds to track the changing seasons caused by climate change.Timing mismatches between birds and their food could affect whether birds survived the migration and how many chickens they had. 　　Morgan Tingley， a researcher at UCLA， said that the migration research could indicate conservation efforts in the future.“Part of it suggested which species were vulnerable （易受伤害的） to various threats，” Tingley said.“This added to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hoped that the information would serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible： “It was really important， if we couldn’t address climate change immediately， to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西部唐纳雀的迁徙习性及其受气候变化的影响。 1.During the migration， what will happen to the western tanagers after “green-up”？（　　） A.They will struggle to find enough insects and berries. B.They will have difficulty finding suitable nesting sites. C.They will hardly find blooming flowers for reproduction. D.They will find it hard to survive worse weather conditions. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，在迁移过程中，西部唐纳雀在 “返青” 后将很难找到足够的昆虫和浆果。 2.What is the direct result of the timing mismatch between birds and their food？（　　） A.The loss of birds’ habitats. B.The decrease of birds’ survival rate. C.The contribution to the greenhouse effect. D.The increase of difficulty in biodiversity conservation. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，鸟类和它们的食物之间的时间不匹配的直接结果是鸟类存活率的降低。 3.What is Morgan Tingley’s attitude towards the research findings in the last paragraph？（　　） A.Uncertain.　 B.Critical. C.Concerned.　 D.Doubtful. 解析：C　观点态度题。根据文章末句可推知，Morgan Tingley 对研究结果的态度是关切的。 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A.The Diverse Patterns of Bird Migration B.The Timing Mismatch of Western Tanagers C.The Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Birds D.The Vulnerability of Bird Species to Various Threats 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第二段可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化对候鸟生存的影响。因此，C项（气候变化对候鸟的影响）为文章最佳标题。 B 　　（2026·河北张家口高一上期末）Do you know what is living in your backyard？ 　　Almost 380 of the 1，900 nationally listed threatened species can be found in urban （城市的） areas across Australia and are facing extinction.The latest five-yearly State of the Environment report was released （发布） in July and found there are growing pressures on Australian urban wildlife mainly from the reduction of habitat. 　　The report found that there are now more than 1，900 species listed as threatened； of these，42 extremely endangered species have no protection in the National Reserve System， which is Australia’s network of protected areas.The number of Australia’s threatened species has seen an 8 percent rise since 2016， reaching 1，918 in June 2021， up from 1，774 in 2016. 　　To address this problem， the World Wide Fund for Nature has released a backyard tool for everyday Australians to use to help save some of the endangered wildlife found in urban areas.It’s a tool to help local people identify such species found in their backyards and report their findings to the Fund and the authorities.Released on Tuesday， the new interactive tool “My Backyard” allows users to discover which threatened species live in their local area and what measures can be taken to help protect them. 　　WWF-Australia chief conservation （保护） officer Rachel Lowry said people might be surprised to learn that bushland and forests near cities are home to some of Australia’s rare animals. 　　“It is a fun and interactive tool that also makes it easier for people to take action， to reach out to their local authorities and call for better protection of our unique Australian wildlife，” Ms Lowry said. 　　“Generally， Australia’s native animals are under increasing pressure from climate change， habitat loss， shortage of food， pollution or hunting.But I’d also argue that our silence is affecting our threatened species because they need our voices now more than ever，” she added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚的野生动物面临的巨大生存压力。为此，世界自然基金会推出了一款新的工具，旨在帮助公众识别并保护濒危物种。 5.What is the main reason for growing pressures on Australian wildlife according to the report？（　　） A.Habitat loss.　 B.Shortage of food. C.Pollution.　 D.Overhunting. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，根据这份报告，澳大利亚野生动物所面临压力不断增大的主要原因是栖息地的丧失。 6.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 show？（　　） A.Urban areas host most species. B.Protection measures are working. C.The reporting system is useless. D.More species are at risk of extinction. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，第三段中的数字表明更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。 7.What is the purpose of the “My Backyard” tool？（　　） A.To collect money for animal treatment. B.To educate users on climate science. C.To identify and report local rare species. D.To help create fun games for families. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的It’s a tool to help local people identify ...and the authorities.可知，这个工具的目的是识别并报告当地的珍稀物种。 8.What does Rachel Lowry think of the tool？（　　） A.User-friendly.　 B.Costly. C.Worthless.　 D.Experimental. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，瑞秋·洛里认为这个工具操作简便。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2026·贵阳高一上月考）Last summer， I joined a charity organization for an annual research trip to a remote mountain valley.The 　9　 was to investigate the living conditions of local creatures， particularly the Tiger Butterfly （Danaus Genutia）.This beautiful insect undertakes an amazing migration each year， and we wanted to explain the changes in its 　10　. 　　The climate was pleasant as we followed a narrow 　11　 into the forest.The scene was breathtaking.We reached a point where a powerful waterfall was 　12　 down， its roar echoing in the basin below.For a moment， we all 　13　， staring at this powerful element of nature.It was a sight that made me 　14　 the true power and beauty of the wild. 　　My specific task was to 　15　 the population of the Tiger Butterfly.However， the result was deeply worrying.Their numbers had 　16　 significantly.Our professor believed that the effect of harmful chemicals from nearby farms was starting to 　17　 the local ecosystem， destroying the plants that these creatures depended on for survival. 　　This experience was 　18　 a significant event for me.It taught me that we must be 　19　 of the impact of our actions on the environment.　20　 further damage is our urgent priority.We must find a 　21　 to the problem， and live in harmony with nature.Protecting every living 　22　 is not just a choice or a preference， 　23　 it is our responsibility to the planet and a test of our human wisdom. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加慈善组织的研究之旅，前往偏远山谷调查当地生物（尤其是虎蝶）的生存状况。 9. A.aim　 B.way C.idea　 D.cause 解析：A　根据语境可知，这是此次研究之旅的目的。 10. A.position　 B.effect C.issue　 D.population 解析：D　根据第三段前三句可知，研究的是虎蝶数量的变化。 11. A.guide　 B.path C.street　 D.route 解析：B　根据空后的into the forest可知，进入森林应该是沿着小路。 12. A.jumping　 B.slowing C.flooding　 D.thundering 解析：D　根据后半句its roar echoing in the basin below可知，瀑布是轰鸣而下的。 13. A.survived　 B.froze C.approached　 D.ignored 解析：B　根据后半句staring at this powerful element of nature可知，大家被瀑布的壮观景象吸引，愣住了。 14. A.realise　 B.prove C.prefer　 D.believe 解析：A　根据空后的the true power and beauty of the wild可知，作者看到瀑布后，意识到野外的真正力量和美丽。 15. A.look out　 B.try out C.point out　 D.work out 解析：D　根据空后的the population of the Tiger Butterfly可知，任务是计算虎蝶的数量。 16. A.increased　 B.lost C.crashed　 D.improved 解析：C　根据下句可知，附近农场有害化学物质的影响破坏了虎蝶赖以生存的植物，所以虎蝶数量锐减。 17. A.strengthen　 B.break C.threaten　 D.preserve 解析：C　根据后半句destroying the plants that these creatures depended on for survival可知，有害化学物质威胁到了当地的生态系统。 18. A.fortunately　 B.truly C.barely　 D.eventually 解析：B　根据空后的a significant event for me可知，这次经历对作者来说确实意义重大。 19. A.aware　 B.sure C.certain　 D.proud 解析：A　根据空后的of the impact of our actions on the environment可知，此处表示意识到我们的行为对环境的影响。be aware of意为“意识到”。 20. A.Maximizing　 B.Replacing C.Preventing　 D.Protecting 解析：C　根据空后的further damage is our urgent priority可知，防止进一步的破坏是当务之急。 21. A.system　 B.solution C.destiny　 D.reaction 解析：B　根据空后的to the problem可知，要找到解决问题的办法。 22. A.human　 B.animal C.creature　 D.plant 解析：C　根据第一段第二句可知，此处指保护每一个生物。 23. A.and　 B.or C.so　 D.but 解析：D　根据上半句Protecting every living ...or a preference可知，此处表示“不仅是一种选择或偏好，而且是我们对地球的责任”。not just ...but ...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2026·河南林州一中高一上月考）Jane Goodall， the British zoologist 24.　　　　　　 life was devoted to listening to the voices of animals and teaching humans to live in balance with nature， passed away on 1 October 2025， at the age of 91. 　　Goodall was born in London in 1934.As a child， she once disappeared for hours， hiding in a chicken coop 25.　　　　　　 （observe） how a hen laid its egg.She later called the experience “26.　　　　　 start of my scientific journey”.At 26， she travelled to the forests of Tanzania.Alone 27.　　　　　　 a notebook and telescopes （望远镜）， she began observing chimpanzees （黑猩猩）.She soon made a 28.　　　　　　 （significance） discovery： apart from humans， chimpanzees also make and use tools. 　　In 2018， Goodall appeared on the popular CCTV program The Reader. One year later， she spoke about the challenges of returning pandas to the wild，29.　　　　　　 stressed that habitat protection is the key in Chengdu.In late 2024， Goodall visited China for the 17th time and participated in ten public 30.　　　　　　 （event） in just five days.Crowds of young people surrounded her， eager for a word or a photograph. 　　Today， on Chinese social media， millions gathered to remember her， with topics like “My memories of Jane Goodall” trending 31.　　　　　　 （wide）.One fan wrote， “Her very 32.　　　　　　 （exist） inspired me to believe in the power of small actions.Everyone on this planet 33.　　　　　　 （matter）， and everyone can make a difference.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国动物学家珍·古道尔的生平事迹、重要发现及其社会影响。 24.whose　考查定语从句。设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British zoologist，指人，在从句中作主语life的定语。故填whose。 25.to observe　考查非谓语动词。句子谓语是disappeared，设空处需用非谓语形式。此处指躲进鸡笼的目的是观察母鸡如何下蛋，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to observe。 26.the　考查冠词。名词start后的of my scientific journey作后置定语，特指“我科学之旅的开始”，因此空处需用定冠词来修饰。故填the。 27.with　考查介词。此处表示“带着一个笔记本和望远镜”，描述她进行观察时所携带的工具。故填with。 28.significant　考查形容词。设空后是名词discovery，因此空处需要填入一个形容词来修饰该名词。故填significant。 29.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处连接两个并列的谓语动词spoke about ...和stressed that ...，描述她同时进行的两个动作。故填and。 30.events　考查名词复数。设空前的数词是ten，因此可数名词event应用其复数形式。故填events。 31.widely　考查副词。设空处需要填入一个副词来修饰空前的动词-ing形式trending。故填widely。 32.existence　考查名词。设空前的Her是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接一个名词作主语。故填existence。 33.matters　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，主语是Everyone，为第三人称单数，此处引述粉丝的话是在陈述一个普遍真理，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填matters。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $