Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义围绕欧·亨利短篇小说《二十年后》的阅读理解与语言运用展开，构建“课前导入—速读梳理—精读分析—语言点巩固”的学习支架，从作家作品激趣启思，到理清文脉、领悟细节，再到词汇句型系统讲解，形成连贯的阅读与语言学习路径。 该资料以文学文本为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。课前通过作家作品提问激活背景知识，激发兴趣；精读任务设计推断题和创造性问题，提升文本分析与批判性思维；语言点部分系统梳理核心词汇、句型并结合练习强化运用。课中辅助教师引导深度理解，课后帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension 第一步　课前导入·激趣启思 1.Do you know who he is？ 　O.Henry　 2.Can you list his major works？ 　The Gift Of The Magi （《麦琪的礼物》）　 　The Cop And The Anthem （《警察和赞美诗》）　 　The Last Leaf （《最后的常春藤叶》）　 第二步　速读课文·理清脉络 1.What is the main idea of the passage？（　B　） A.People’s usual impression of friendship. B.The friendship between the two former friends. C.The connection between two friends who live far away. D.An appointment made twenty years ago was not kept. 2.Structures and clues 第三步　精读课文·领悟细节 Task 1：Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs？（　　） A.The man must have made his fortune. B.The man is thirty-eight and Jimmy is forty now. C.The man with a scar on his face and Jimmy Wells are brothers. D.The man and Jimmy used to dine there at “Big Joe” Brady’s. 2.What happened to their friendship after they said goodbye？（　　） A.They kept in touch for at least 20 years. B.They had been out of touch for many years. C.Their friendship came to an end after that. D.They met now and then after saying goodbye. 3.Why did the man go to the West？（　　） A.To find a job. B.To make his fortune. C.To travel in the West. D.To leave his hometown. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？（　　） A.The man felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy. B.The man firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person. C.Jimmy and the man never contacted each other before. D.Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time. 答案：1－4　BBBB Task 2：Think creatively and critically and answer the questions. 1.Can you guess the end of the story？ 　Yes.The policeman was Jimmy.He came for the appointment， but arrested his friend eventually.　 2.Do you think that Jimmy did the right thing？ Why or why not？ 　Yes， because Jimmy was a policeman， after all， whose duty was to protect the security of the whole society.So although he valued the friendship with Bob， when Jimmy was faced with the dilemma of friendship and justice， he chose to devote to his duty and defend justice.　 第四步　课文融通·学以致用 　　根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　The short story After Twenty Years is set 1.　in　 New York on a cold， dark night.A policeman who 2.　is checking　 （check） the area sees a man outside a shop.He goes up to the man 3.　and　 chats with him.4.　The　 man starts to tell his story.Twenty years ago tonight， he dined here at “Big Joe” Brady’s with his friend Jimmy Wells.The next morning he was 5.　to start　 （start） for the West to make his fortune.But Jimmy wouldn’t leave New York.However， they agreed that night that they would meet here again 6.　exactly　 （exact） twenty years from that date and time， no matter what their 7.　conditions　 （condition） might be or from what 8.　distance　 （distant） they might have to come.9.　Although/Though　 they were out of touch with each other for a long time， he knew Jimmy would meet him here if he was alive， for he always was the 10.　truest　 （true）， staunchest old chap in the world. AFTER TWENTY YEARS 　　The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York① on a cold， dark night②.Most people have left work to go home， and this part of the city is now quiet.A policeman who is checking the area sees a man outside a shop.He goes up to the man③ and finds he has a scar on his face④.They have a chat⑤ and the man starts to tell his story. 　　“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“I dined here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady’s with Jimmy Wells， my best chum， and the finest chap in the world.He and I were raised here in New York， just like two brothers， together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to start for the West⑥ to make my fortune⑦.You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out of New York⑧； he thought it was the only place on earth⑨.Well， [1]we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time， no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.[2]We figured that in twenty years⑩ each of us ought to⑪ have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made， whatever they were going to be.” 　　【释疑难】　[1]that引导宾语从句；no matter what引导让步状语从句。 　　[2]that引导宾语从句， whatever引导让步状语从句；have sth done表示“使某事被完成”。 　　【赏靓点】　故事背景先以“寒冷暗夜”的环境设定，搭配街区状态，快速渲染出冷清、静谧的氛围，为故事的隐秘感铺垫基调；后续的细节以“脸上的伤疤”埋下人物身份的伏笔，让看似平淡的街头相遇暗藏张力。从“氛围铺垫”到“细节暗示”，自然勾连起读者对后续情节的好奇。 　　“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meets， though， it seems to me.[3]Haven’t you heard from your friend⑫ since you left？” 　　“Well， yes， for a time we corresponded，” said the other.“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.You see， the West is a pretty big proposition， and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively.[4]But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he always was the truest， staunchest old chap in the world. He’ll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight， and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up⑬.” 　　（Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O.Henry） 　　【释疑难】　[3]since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 　　[4]if引导条件状语从句；for引导并列分句。 语块翻译 ①　以纽约为背景　 ②　在一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚　 ③　走近男人　 ④　他的脸上有一道伤疤　 ⑤　聊天　 ⑥　出发前往西部　 ⑦　赚大钱　 ⑧　让吉米走出纽约　 ⑨　在世界上　 ⑩　在二十年后　 ⑪ 　应该　 ⑫ 　收到你朋友的消息　 ⑬ 　出现　 参考译文 二十年后 　　短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。大部分人已经下班回家，城市的这个角落静悄悄的。一名正在该地区巡逻的警察看到一个男人站在商店外面。警察走近男人，发现他的脸上有一道伤疤。他们开始聊天，男人开始讲述自己的故事。 　　“二十年前的今晚，”男人说，“我和吉米·韦尔斯——我最好的朋友，也是这世上最棒的小伙子——在这儿的‘乔老大’布雷迪餐厅吃饭。我们俩在纽约一起长大，就像亲兄弟一样。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。可你没法让吉米走出纽约，他觉得地球上只有（纽约）这么一个地方。反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。” 　　“听起来挺有意思，”警察说。“但我觉得，你们这两次见面间隔太久了。你离开后，没有收到过你朋友的消息吗？” 　　“嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间，”男人说。“但是一两年后，我们彼此失去了联系。你知道，我西部的生意很大，我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。他绝对不会忘记我们的约定。今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。” 　　（节选自欧·亨利的《二十年后》） Part Ⅱ　Language points Ⅰ.阅读词汇 1.drag Jimmy out of New York　把吉米从纽约　拖　走 2.correspond with my friend　　与我的朋友　通信　 3.plain clothes　　　朴素的　衣服 Ⅱ.写作词汇 1.　ordinary　 people　　普通人 2.a hunting 　scene　　　一个狩猎的场景 3.a tennis 　partner　　　网球搭档 4.create an 　atmosphere　 of calm　　创造宁静的氛围 Ⅲ.多义词汇 ①strike a match　　　划　火柴 ②strike with a hammer　　用锤子　击打　 ③call a strike　　号召　罢工　 Ⅳ.拓展词汇 1.　fortune　 n.大笔的钱，巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 2.　appointed　 adj.约定的，指定的→appoint v.任命，指定→appointment n. 任命，约定 3.　bitterly　 adv.痛苦地，愤恨地→bitter adj.痛苦的；充满仇恨的 4.　ashamed　 adj. 感到不好意思的，难为情的→shame n.羞耻，羞愧，憾事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的 5.　unfold　 v.（卷着的东西）展开，打开→fold v.折叠 6.　location　 n.地点，位置→locate vt.位于，查找……的地点→located adj.位于 7.　surroundings　 n.周围的事物，环境→surround vt.围绕，包围→surrounding adj.周围的，周边的 8.　personality　 n.个性，性格→personal adj.个人的，私人的→personally adv.亲自地；就个人而言 【构词法】 名词＋后缀-ful构成形容词 ①shame→shameful（可耻的） ②hope→hopeful（充满希望的） ③care→careful（细心的；小心的） ④wonder→wonderful（精彩的；极好的） ⑤peace→peaceful（平静的；安宁的） ⑥joy→joyful（快乐的；愉悦的） Ⅴ.短语互译 1.　make one’s fortune　　　发财 2.　ought to　　　应该；应当 3.　work out　　　解决；算出；锻炼 4.be worth it　　　值得　 5.turn up　　　（意外地或终于）出现；调高　 6.be ashamed of　　　以……为耻　 7.long for　　　渴望　 8.in surprise　　　惊讶地　 Ⅵ.句型填空 1.句型公式：be to do sth 打算做某事 教材原句：The next morning I 　was to start　 for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。 2.句型公式：have sth done结构 教材原句：We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to 　have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made　， whatever they were going to be. 我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。 3.句型公式：动词-ing形式作状语 教材原句：　Stepping out of　 jail into the cold wind， Bob， now 58， felt lost and helpless. 在寒风中走出监狱，现年58岁的鲍勃感到迷茫和无助。 写作词汇集释 1.make one’s fortune 发财 教材原句　The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。 【用法】 （1）make a fortune　 　发财 seek one’s fortune　　寻找发财的机会；外出闯荡 try one’s fortune　　碰运气 have the good fortune to do sth　　有幸做某事 （2）fortunate adj.　　幸运的；侥幸的 unfortunate adj.　　不幸的 be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth　　有幸做某事 （3）fortunately adv.　　幸运地；交好运地 unfortunately adv.　　不幸地 【佳句】　She has the good fortune to study under one of the country’s top scientists. 她有幸师从国内顶尖的科学家之一。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Curious about the outside world，he once set off for New Orleans to make 　a　 fortune. ②If we’re fortunate 　in achieving successful proposition， we will be filled with excitement and joy. ③　Fortunately　 （fortune）， when finding Harry sitting on the ground， we sighed with relief. 【写美】　一句多译 ④我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。 →I 　am fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity　 to travel along the Silk Road.（fortunate） →I 　have the good fortune to get a precious opportunity　 to travel along the Silk Road.（fortune） 2.turn up （意外地或终于）出现，露面；（把音量等）调大 教材原句　I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight， and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up.今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。 【用法】 turn down　　　　调低（音量）；拒绝（提议等） turn to　　转身；求助于 turn out　　结果是；证明是 turn over　　打翻；移交，交出 turn on　　打开；开启 turn off　　关掉；使丧失兴趣 turn in　　上交；交还 【佳句】　When the sports hero turned up at our party， he was welcomed with open arms.（情景描写） 当这位体育英雄出现在我们的聚会上时，他受到了热烈的欢迎。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The cat jumped onto the table， turned 　over　 the cage and tried to catch the bird. ②This summer， I decided to learn photography and it turned 　out　 to be an amazing journey. 【写美】　完成句子 ③每当我在英语学习上遇到困难，你是我首先要求助的人。 Whenever I have difficulty with my English study， you are the one that I will 　turn to first　. 3.appointed adj.约定的，指定的→appointment n.约会；约定，预约；委任 教材原句　Bob， I was at the appointed place on time.鲍勃，我准时来到了约定的地点。 【用法】 （1）appoint v.　　　　 　任命；委派；约定 appoint sb as/to be ...　　任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth　　委派某人做某事 （2）make/have an appointment with sb　　与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment　　守/违约 【佳句】　Ten minutes before the appointed time， he sat nervously outside her office with his heart in his mouth. （人物描写） 离约定的时间还有10分钟，他紧张地坐在她的办公室外面，心都到嗓子眼了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I was appointed 　to take　 （take） charge of arranging the postponed basketball competition. ②Yesterday， Sam was appointed 　as　 manager of the engineering department. 【写美】　完成句子 ③我知道你对中国传统节日很感兴趣，所以我写信真诚地邀请你和我的家人一起过春节。 Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese festivals， I’m writing sincerely to 　make an appointment with you　 to spend the Spring Festival with my family. 4.strike v.划（火柴）；侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到；打动，迷住； n.罢工；罢课；袭击 教材原句　When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.当你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我看到你正是芝加哥警方通缉的那个人。 【用法】 （1）be struck by ...　　　 　被……打动 某人突然想起…… strike ...into one’s heart　　使……刻骨铭心 （2）be/go on strike　　举行罢工 【佳句】　All the international students were deeply struck by my introduction. 所有的国际学生都被我的介绍深深打动了。 【联想】 表示“某人突然想起……”还可以用It occurs/occurred to sb that ...和It hits/hit sb that ...来表达。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The workers will go 　on　 strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. ②Mount Tai has struck its beauty 　into　 my heart；as a result， 　it　 strikes me that I will visit it again. 【写美】　句式升级 ③Because I was struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself， tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. →　Struck by what he had done for me　，I couldn’t contain myself， tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.（分词短语作状语） 5.ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的；惭愧的→shame n.羞耻；惭愧；令人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 教材原句　Was he ashamed of having a friend like me？ 他是不是为有我这样的一个朋友而感到难为情呢？ 【用法】 （1）be ashamed of ...　　为……感到羞耻 be ashamed to do sth　　羞于/耻于做某事 be ashamed that ...　　对……感到羞愧 （2）to one’s shame　　令某人惭愧的是 It is a shame that ...　　真遗憾…… 【佳句】　Feeling ashamed， she dropped her head. 她羞愧地低下了头。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is 　a shame that he didn’t turn up until the wonderful concert began. ②I was once ashamed 　to admit　 （admit） I was anxious about the driving test， but now I have no such feeling. ③She felt 　ashamed　 （shame） that she had lied to her teacher. 【写美】　一句多译 ④在这么重要的会议上迟到，她感到很惭愧。 →She 　was very ashamed of being late　 for such an important meeting.（be ashamed of） →　Much to her shame　， she was late for such an important meeting.（shame） 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ.一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 strike A.v.击，打　　　 B.v.使突然想起 C.v.罢工　 D.v.（灾难、疾病等）袭击 E.v.划（火柴）　　 F.v.敲（钟） ①When I entered the room， the clock had just struck five. 　　F　 ②Tom struck the ball so hard that it flew over the fence and landed in the garden. 　　A　 ③The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. 　　E　 ④They have been striking for several days to get a higher pay. 　　C　 ⑤A heavy storm struck the coastal city last night， destroying many houses. 　　D　 ⑥It suddenly struck her that she forgot to bring her English textbook to class. 　　B　 Ⅱ.熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义 1.The first hour of the movie really dragged.Some audience began to lose patience and interest. 　v.拖沓地进行　 2.He was seen running away from the scene of the fire because thick smoke was spreading rapidly and people were in panic. 　n.现场　 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：couldn’t have done 结构 教材原句　You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out of New York； he thought it was the only place on earth. 你没法让吉米走出纽约，他觉得地球上只有（纽约）这么一个地方。 【用法】 （1）couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了某事”，此时的could可用can替换。其近义结构为：could never have done。 （2）couldn’t have done的肯定形式为could have done，可以表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“可能做了某事”，也可以表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“过去本可以/本能够做而实际上未做”。 【佳句】　I saw him just now.He couldn’t have gone abroad.刚才我看到他了。他不可能出国了。 You could have been more careful with this important document. 你本可以对这份重要文件更小心一些的。 【写美】　微写作 ①当他刚开始写短篇小说时，他绝不可能预见到有一天自己的书会在全球售出数百万册。 When he first started writing short stories， he 　could never have foreseen　 that his books would sell millions of copies worldwide one day. ②他不可能做这件事，因为他是一个善良的人。 He 　couldn’t have done　 it because he was a kind man. ③汤姆本来可以在英语考试中拿到满分，但他的粗心大意导致作文部分出现了一个拼写错误。 Tom 　could have got full marks　 in the English exam， but his carelessness led to a spelling mistake in the composition part. 2.句型公式：have sth done结构 教材原句　We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made， whatever they were going to be. 我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。 【用法】 have sth done　　　　让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事 have sb/sth doing sth　　使某人/某物一直做某事 won’t/can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 have sth to do　　有事情要做 have sb do sth　　让某人做某事 【佳句】　Waiting for the train for a long time， he felt bored，had his head lowered to look at his watch， and just counted down the arrival time of the train. （动作描写） 等火车等了很长时间，他感到无聊，低着头看了看手表，只是倒数火车到达的时间。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping. 短短几分钟内他就让全体观众发出阵阵笑声和掌声。 【写美】　微写作 ①当我的老师在课堂上高兴地宣布这个好消息时，我惊讶得难以置信。 （心理描写） When my teacher 　had the good news announced　 with delight in the classroom，I was so surprised that I felt it hard to believe. ②你不必为这次出行担心。我会安排汤姆在你一抵达机场就去接你。 （告知信） There is no need to worry about your trip.I will 　have Tom pick　 you up at the airport as soon as you arrive. ③我不能容忍你以如此粗鲁的方式跟你妈妈说话；你现在必须向她道歉。 　I can’t have you speaking to your mom　 in such a rude manner；you must apologise to her right now. ④很抱歉让你等了这么长时间，但我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 I am terribly sorry 　to have you waiting for such a long time　，but I 　have an urgent thing to deal with　. 维度一：品句填词 1. Discuss the problem with your 　partner　 （伙伴） and both of you should show your ideas to each other. 2. Entering the dark room， the old man 　struck　 （划） a match and lighted the candle which stood on the table. 3.Many students feel fortunate in studying in the friendly and harmonious 　atmosphere　 （气氛）. 4.My mother is an 　ordinary　 （普通的） woman but is also a great mother， whose good nature and positive attitude have influenced me deeply. 5.We had wandered through various 　scenes　 （场景） in this city and finally found a suitable place to stay. 6.He had never imagined that his 　destiny　 （命运） would have been changed by an accident. 7.Li Hua， my deskmate， is wearing a 　plain　 （朴素的） white blouse. 8.The child refused to walk， so his father dragged　 him along by the hand. 9.An excerpt　 is a short piece of writing or music taken from a larger piece. 10.The children all have very different personalities　. 维度二：词形转换 1.My chum and I arrived at the 　appointed　 （appoint） place for fishing，and we enjoyed ourselves there. 2.The rent is reasonable， and moreover， the 　location　 （locate） is perfect. 3.They are retired， so they can offer you comfortable and quiet 　surroundings　 （surround） to study. 4.Illness pursued him till his death， which made us all 　bitterly　 （bitter） painful. 5.I am 　fortunate　 （fortune） to have such understanding parents who always support my decisions. 6.She deals with all the 　correspondence　 （correspond） promptly and efficiently. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.We 　are to meet　 （meet） at the school gate tomorrow and then leave for Beijing. 2.I wonder whether he is corresponding 　with　 his pen friend. 3.Mr Smith can’t 　have gone　 （go） to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now. 4.You’ll never know unless you ask the organizer 　on　 the scene. 5.He hoped to find a good way to 　have his written English improved　 （提高他的英语写作水平） in a short period. 6.Jack agreed to get here at seven；it has been seven twenty， but he hasn’t 　turned up　 （出现）. 7. Determined never to come back before he could 　make a fortune　 （发财）， Mike left home without saying a word. 8.If you want to learn American English， be sure to watch a film which 　is set in　 （以……为背景） the USA. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·重庆名校联盟高一上期中）Starting at a new school can be challenging， especially without your close friends by your side.It’s common to feel lonely at break or lunchtime.While keeping in touch with old friends is important， making new connections is key to settling in.Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friend groups.But remember， there’s always room for new members. 　　So how can you build new friendships？ Start by paying attention to your classmates to find those who might share your interests or hobbies.Be brave to greet them warmly， offer a smile， or give a sincere praise.You can also suggest forming a study group， invite someone to work on a project together， or simply ask to join a conversation about a common class.Remember to use open body language and friendly phrases like “Mind if I join you？” These small steps can gradually build comfort and trust. 　　If starting a conversation feels difficult， try talking to classmates who are also quiet or who enjoy the same school activities as you.Instead of focusing on what to say， try asking open-ended questions about their opinions on a class or their interests because people are naturally attracted to those who make them feel heard and understood. 　　It’s quite understandable to miss your old friends even as you make new ones.When you reunite with old friends， you’ll have new experiences to share and can even introduce them to your new social circle.By doing so， you can expand your social network and create a more diverse and supportive community.Finally， this entire journey of adapting to a new school can become not just a challenge to overcome， but an important step in your personal growth. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在新学校如何建立新友谊，同时也提到不要忘记老朋友。 1.What does the underlined word “room” in paragraph 1 mean？（　　） A.Possibility.　 B.Adventure. C.Challenge.　 D.Imagination. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据Maybe it ...new members.可知，也许看起来其他人都已经有了自己的朋友圈，但总是有接纳新成员的可能性，room意为“可能性”。 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about？（　　） A.The value of old friendship. B.The importance of making new friends. C.Ways to improve social skills. D.Advice on making new friends. 解析：D　段落大意题。根据第二段中的So how can you build new friendships？可知，本段主要介绍了建立新友谊的方法。 3.What is the purpose of asking open-ended questions？（　　） A.To avoid awkward silences. B.To create a feeling of being understood. C.To practice language skills. D.To start group discussions. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，问开放式问题的目的是创造一种被理解的感觉。 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards missing old friends？（　　） A.Negative.　 B.Worried. C.Accepting.　 D.Uninterested. 解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者对想念老朋友的态度是接受的。 B 　　（2026·浙江台州六校联盟高一上期中）Teens with dominant （占主导地位的） friends are at higher risk for mental health problems， according to a new study republished in The Conversation. 　　Dominant friends often control decision-making power.They can also control others’ behavior， like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. 　　Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens， but are they always a positive influence？ Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends.They predicted （预测） that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. 　　To investigate it， 388 teenagers were surveyed at US high schools five times across one year.Each time， teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors： Do they make all the decisions？ Do they always get their way？ 　　Consistent with researchers’ predictions before， they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms （症状） of depression or anxiety. 　　Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control， the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful.Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. 　　The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy， fair friendships.One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless.Also， teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting （坚持主张） their wants and needs to their close friends. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，有强势朋友的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高，并阐述了强势朋友的特点、对青少年心理的影响以及如何建立健康的友谊关系。 5.Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend？（　　） A.One who knows how to make decisions. B.One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C.One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D.One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，强势的朋友会控制别人的行为，C项（总是让朋友给他买食物的人）符合这一特征。 6.How might most teens with dominant friends feel？（　　） A.Lonely.　 B.Self-respected. C.Positive.　 D.Valueless. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，大多数有强势朋友的青少年可能会觉得自己没有价值。 7.Based on the findings， what is important in forming healthy friendships for teenagers？（　　） A.Allowing one friend to always make the decisions. B.Ensuring that one friend always feels powerless. C.Having friendships where one partner feels bossed around. D.Having equal chances to express their opinions and make decisions. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，对于青少年来说，建立健康友谊重要的是有平等的机会表达他们的意见和做出决定。 8.What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing？（　　） A.Expressing their own needs firmly. B.Taking back control of the relationship. C.Letting dominant friends take the control. D.Ending the friendship with dominant friends. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员可能会建议有强势朋友的青少年坚定地表达自己的需求。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2026·贵州贵阳高一上月考） Choosing a Good Friend 　　Everyone wants true friends in their lives.True friends are those who stay with you not only when life is easy but also when you face difficulties.They care about you and help you become a better person.9.　　. 　　Understand Each Other 　　Good friends try to see things from your point of view.They listen patiently and do not judge too quickly.When you are sad or worried， they think about how to help and stand by your side. 　　Be Honest 　　Honesty is another key quality.10.　　.A true friend tells the truth in a kind way and accepts you for who you are.You can trust their words and they accept your true self. 　　Keep Promises 　　A reliable friend does what he says.11.　　.If you need help， he will not run away or make excuses.That is why being dependable is important in friendship. 　　Have Fun Together 　　A good friend is also someone you enjoy spending time with.You may like the same hobbies， laugh at the same jokes， or share similar experiences.Having fun together helps your friendship grow stronger.12.　　. 　　13.　　 　　Good friends help each other become better people.For example， you might encourage each other to do better at school or to be more patient.This process of mutual growth makes the friendship deeper and more valuable.When you meet someone who is honest， reliable， and understanding， you know you have found a true friend. A.Here are some simple ideas about what makes a good friend B.If he says something encouraging， you should remember to thank him C.This makes your time together happier and more meaningful D.Spend Time Together E.A good friend does not hide the truth or pretend to be someone else F.Grow Together G.If he promises to meet you at a certain time， he will be there 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了选择好朋友的几个关键标准，包括相互理解、诚实、信守承诺、共度欢乐时光以及共同成长。 9.A　根据上文以及下文分点介绍的择友标准可知，此空需要起到承上启下的作用。A项能够自然衔接上文对真朋友的描述，同时引出下文的具体标准，符合语境。 10.E　根据本段小标题Be Honest以及下文可知，此空内容应与“诚实”这一品质相关。E项紧扣“诚实”的主题，与下文内容相呼应，符合语境。 11.G　根据本段小标题Keep Promises以及上文可知，此空需要对“信守承诺”进行具体举例说明。G项通过具体场景体现了信守承诺的品质，符合本段主旨。 12.C　根据本段小标题Have Fun Together以及上文可知，此空应说明“共度欢乐时光”带来的进一步积极影响。C项中的This指代上文的Having fun together，且延续了上文的积极表述，符合语境。 13.F　根据下文可知，本段核心主题是“共同成长”，此空为段落小标题，且格式需与上文小标题一致。F项精准概括了本段内容，符合小标题的要求。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　（2026·宁夏银川高一上月考）假定你是李华，你校英语社团将举办一场题为“Online Friends： Good or Bad？”的讨论会。请你准备一篇发言稿，阐述网上交友的利弊，并提出自己的建议。内容包括： 　　（1）网上交友的优点（至少两点）； 　　（2）网上交友的缺点（至少两点）； 　　（3）你的建议或看法。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Online Friends： Good or Bad？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： Online Friends： Good or Bad？ Dear friends， 　　Today， I’d like to share my views on whether online friends are good or bad. 　　Making friends online has obvious advantages.It is convenient for us to make friends around the world， which helps broaden our horizons.Besides， it’s easier for shy people to open up online. 　　However， it also has drawbacks.First， online information is not always true， and we may be cheated by fake identities.Secondly， spending too much time chatting online will take up our study and offline communication time， affecting our real-life relationships. 　　In my opinion， we should be cautious about sharing personal information， and balance online and offline interactions.Only in this way can we enjoy the benefits of online friends while avoiding risks. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $