8.阅读理解(八)-【三新金卷】2027年高三英语一轮复习周测阶梯卷

(八) 题号 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案 D A B D B D C A D B 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。 一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量。文章详细介绍了这 项研究开展的过程以及研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影 响到植物的传粉者。 1.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows(草地)，far from any real streets.The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution.In these now-light-polluted fields,flowers had62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators(传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows.(研究人 员在远离任何真实街道的瑞士草地上安装了路灯。该装置的建造方式与城市光污染类似。在这些现已被光污 染的田地里，花朵的夜间访客一昆虫传粉者一比在光线暗的草地上的花朵少62%)”可知，路灯挂在草地上 是为了用于科学研究。 2.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen(花粉)pollinated from plant to plant(the first step in making seeds).(夜间昆虫的减少可能意味着植物间的花粉传粉量减少一这是 制造种子的第一步)”可知，甘蓝蓟依靠昆虫来帮助制造种子。 3.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants.And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects. (随着时间的推移，夜间的灯光会减少种子数量，这意味着新植物的数量会减少。更少的植物意味着更少的食物 和白天昆虫的较少的庇护所)”可知，光污染通过摧毁传粉者的庇护所，来影响传粉者。 4.【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes,anew study finds.(一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物的种子数量)”以及第三段中“Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators,Knop and her colleagues now suggest.(Knop 事现在认为，光污染可能会影响整个植物网络和它们的传粉者)”结合文章详细介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及 研究发现夜间过多的光照不仅会减少植物的种子数量，还会摧毁传粉者的庇护所，从而影响到植物的传粉者。 可知，A.“光污染对植物的影响很大”最符合文章标题。 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车前方安装的一种动画片似的巨大眼睛，这可以帮助 行人确定何时可以过马路。 5.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的第二段的“That's one useful bit of information to have when it comes to determining the perfect moment to cross in front of oncoming traffic.'If the car is not looking at the pedestrian,this implies that the car does not recognize the pedestrian,'said one of the researchers.'Thus, pedestrians can judge that they should not cross the street,thereby avoiding potential traffic accidents.'", 动画片似的巨大的眼睛能够帮助行人判断什么时候是合适地过马路的时间。注意干扰项C项“Keeping pedestrians in a complete safe state.(让行人处在一个绝对安全的状态)”，这个表述过于绝对了，故排除。 6.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的第四段的第一句“To keep the 18 participants safe,experiments were conducted in virtual reality.(为了保证l8名参与者的安全，实验是在虚拟的现实里面进行的。)”可知，实验不是 在真实环境中进行的。A、B可以根据第三段的内容予以排除，C根据第四段的第一句予以排除。 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（八）·答案P15J 7.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的第四段的内容可知，第四段主要介绍的是研究人员如何进行试验的过程。 8.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。文章主要介绍的是关于无人驾驶汽车的一项最新的研究成果 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了微小的秀丽隐杆线虫如何利用电场“跳跃”在空气中滑翔，并附着 在自然充电的大黄蜂身上。 9.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“In nature,smaller animals often‘take a ride'on larger ones to save energy on long-distance movements.”可知，较小的动物经常依附在较大的动物身上“搭便车”。 10.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“pollen is attracted by the electric field formed by the pollinator and the plant'”和第四段可知，研究人员将花粉涂在大黄蜂身上，使其表现出自然带电。 11.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Some worms even piled on top of each other and jumped in a single post, moving80 worms at once across the gap.”和第五段的“In a post,one worm lifts more worms,and this worm takes off to move across the electric field while carrying all the post worms.”可知，一些蠕虫相互堆在一起，跳 成一个柱子。在一个柱状结构中，一条蠕虫举起多个蠕虫，然后这条蠕虫起飞，携带所有柱状蠕虫穿越电场。 由此推断，蠕虫具有团队协作精神。 12.【答案】A 【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章第一段以及下文对试验过程的详细介绍可知，文章主要阐述蠕虫怎样借助电进 行跳跃。 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员开发了一种新的软件，以帮助开发、评估和演示 更安全的无人驾驶汽车。这项研究的合著者、俄亥俄州立大学教授Bilin Aksun-Guvenc说，这种方法被称为虚拟 环境中的车辆(VVE)方法，它允许在一个完全安全的环境中测试无人驾驶汽车。 13.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容“due to the increasing number of accidents these systems have caused, the way these technologies are tested deserves closer observation”可知，无人驾驶上路越来越普遍，但是因为该 技术引发的大量事故，使得无人驾驶的测试尤为重要。 14.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“..allows the testing of driverless cars in a perfectly safe environment'”以及第四段内容“.，.it behaves as if the virtual environment were its true surroundings in real time”可知，该方法安全真实。 15.【答案】D 【解析】词义推测题。此题考查名词。根据第五段内容“But what makes their software especially powerful.. is the strength of how flexible their virtual environment can be.”可知，划线词所在的句子是对这句话的进一 步解释，scenario指的就是前句中的environment,而situation“情景；情况”与environment“环境”意思最为 接近。 16.【答案】B 【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章第一段内容“In an empty parking lot,acar‘thinks'it is on a real road..”和“the Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment(VVE)method,it allows the testing of driverless cars in a perfectly safe environment'”及第四段实验过程“researchers were able to show that it behaves as if the virtual environment were its true surroundings in real time”可知，本文介绍在虚拟环境中测试真正的无人驾驶汽车。 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（八）·答案P16J2027高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（八） 8.阅读理解（八） 班级 姓名 考号 得分 阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Too much light at night can cut the number of seeds a plant makes,a new study finds.Researchers put up street lights in Swiss meadows(), far from any real streets.The setup was built similarly to urban light pollution.In these now-light-polluted fields,flowers had 62 percent fewer night visitors-insect pollinators(传粉者)-than did the flowers in dark meadows. The researchers reported a cabbage thistle(卷心菜蓟花)bloom hosts a guest insect after dark.Cabbage thistles are the most common flowers in these meadows.Fewer insect visitors at night could mean less pollen() pollinated from plant to plant (the first step in making seeds).For the thistles,daytime pollinator visits didn't make up for this loss at night,says Eva Knop,an ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.Overall, night-lit plants produced one-eighth fewer seeds than did plants that got full nights of darkness. Light pollution might affect a whole network of plants and their pollinators,Knop and her colleagues now suggest.Indeed,night pollination was not just a lonely business for a few special plants.There were lots of links between pollen hauls by night and by day.Plants with a lot of night visits were often very busy by day,too.Light at night that decreases seed numbers could over time mean fewer new plants.And fewer plants could mean plants could mean less food and shelter for daytime insects.So a lot of pollinators working the day and night shifts could be affected,Knop worries. The new study is the first to show how artificial light affects plants' ability to make seeds.The test is also unusual because it considers all kinds of insect pollinators instead of focusing only on night-flying insects.The researchers paid special attention to the cabbage thistle,but they also mapped which kinds of insects visited other plants by day or night. 1.Why were street lights put up in the meadows? A.To attract insect pollinators. B.For urban development. C.To reduce light pollution. D.For scientific research. 2.What can be learned about cabbage thistles? A.They are the most common Swiss flowers. B.They grow slowly during the night. C.They rely on insects to help make seeds. D.They attract only night visitors. 3.How does light pollution affect pollinators? A.By decreasing night visitors. B.By damaging their sight. C By increasing seed numbers. D.By destroying their shelter. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Light pollution may affect plants greatly B.Night-flying insects matter more than daytime ones C.Plants attract more insects due to light pollution D.Researchers found ways to protect the environment B In one of the more unusual experiments we've seen recently, researchers attached a large pair of cartoonish huge eyes to the front of a small,self-driving vehicle-and it turns out that this kind of adaptation could actually improve pedestrian()safety. A pair of peepers on the front of driverless vehicles could,according to the researchers,give people standing by the road a better idea of whether they've been seen.That's one useful bit of information to have when it comes to determining the perfect moment to cross in front of oncoming traffic."If the car is not looking at the pedestrian,this implies that the car does not recognize the pedestrian,"said one of the researchers."Thus, pedestrians can judge that they should not cross the street,thereby avoiding potential traffic accidents. For the purposes of this study,the researchers used a car which seemed as if no one was inside.A pair of large,swiveling(旋转的)eyes on 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（八）P8一1 the front were controlled by researchers,but in the future could be controlled by the car's Al on an actual self-driving vehicle. To keep the 18 participants safe,experiments were conducted in virtual reality.The volunteers-nine men and nine women-were asked to decide whether or not to cross the road as the car approached.Four scenarios( were tested in total;two when the car was fitted with eyes,and two when it wasn't.The researchers measured how often people hesitated to cross when it was in fact safe to do so,and how often they chose to cross when it was dangerous.Overall,the presence of the eyes led to safer and smoother crossing experiences for the participants. However,there was a gender split in the results.For men,the eyes only really helped in dangerous situations,warning them to pause when they might otherwise proceed.For women,the eyes boosted confidence by signaling it was safe to cross. 5.What is the function of cartoonish huge eyes? A.Improving the safety of self-driving vehicles. B.Helping people decide when to cross the road. C.Keeping pedestrians in a complete safe state. D.Promoting the appearance of self-driving vehicles. 6.What can we know about the experiments? A.There was a robot in the car. B.The pair of large eyes were controlled by Al. C.The experiments were designed by 18 volunteers. D.Experiments weren't conducted in real surroundings. 7.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A.How researchers did the experiments. B.Who conducted these experiments. C.What conclusions researchers drew. D.What scenarios were tested in experiments. 8.Why does the author write the text? A.To advertise a new self-driving technology. B.To enhance pedestrians'awareness of safety. C.To inform us of a new research of driverless vehicles. D.To introduce the influence of a new type of car. C In nature,smaller animals often "take a ride"on larger ones to save energy on long-distance movements.In paper published in the journal Current Biology,researchers show how fine Caenorhabditis worms can use electric fields to "jump"across Petri plates or onto insects,allowing them to go through the air and attach themselves,for example,onto naturally charged bumblebees(大黄蜂). “Pollinators(传粉昆虫)，such as insects and hummingbirds,are known to be electrically charged,and it is believed that pollen()is attracted by the electric field formed by the pollinator and the plant,"says Takuma Sugi,a co-senior author on the study."However,it was not completely clear whether electric fields are used for communications between different land animals. The researchers first began studying this project when they noticed that the worms they developed often ended up on the lids of Petri dishes. When the team attached a camera to observe this behaviour,they found that it was not just because worms were climbing up the walls of the dish. Instead,they were jumping from the floor of the plate to the top. Next,the researchers rubbed flower pollen on a bumblebee.Once close to these bees,worms stood on their tails,then jumped aboard.Some worms even piled on top of each other and jumped in a single post,moving 80 worms at once across the gap. "Worms stand on their tail to make it easier for themselves to attach to other passing objects,"Sugi says."In a post,one worm lifts more worms, and this worm takes off to move across the electric field while carrying all the post worms..” Researchers observed jumping in other worm species closely related to C.elegans,and they noted that mutants(突变体)who are unable to sense electric fields jump less than their normal counterparts.However,more work is needed to determine exactly what genes join in making these jumps and whether other microorganisms like bacteria can use electricity to jump as well. 9.Which is certain according to the research? A.Bacteria use electricity to jump. B.Smaller animals are often free riders. C.Electric fields are used for land animals. D.Pollen genes lead to making these jumps. 10.Why did the researchers apply pollen to a bumblebee? A.To form stronger posts. B.To increase the surface energy. C.To get electricity and jump more. D.To show a natural electric charge. 11.What can we know about the worms in the experiment? A.They are electrically charged. B.They attach themselves to the walls. C.They are equipped with team spirits. D.They communicate with each other with tails. 12.What is the best title for the text? A.Worms Use Electricity to Jump B.Worms Takes off Carrying Others C.Pollen Helps Worms Survive Longer D.Smaller Animals Ride onto Bigger Ones D In an empty parking lot,a car "thinks"it is on a real road.Researchers at the Ohio State University have developed new software to aid in the development,evaluation and demonstration of safer driverless vehicles. Called the Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE)method,it allows the testing of driverless cars in a perfectly safe environment,said Bilin Aksun- Guvenc,co-author of the study and a professor of Ohio State. Although autonomous driving technologies have become a much more common sight on the road in the last few years,due to the increasing number of accidents these systems have caused,the way these technologies are tested deserves closer observation. Current approaches for demonstrating autonomous vehicle functions involve testing software and technology first in simulations(and then on public roads.Yet this method essentially turns other road users into involuntary participants in these driving experiments.Such risks can make the entire development process costly,inefficient,and potentially unsafe for both drivers and pedestrians(行人)alike. To overcome the limitations of these faulty assessments,researchers in 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（八）P8一2 this study equipped a real vehicle with simulated data to connect its controls to a highly realistic 3D environment,much like giving the machine a VR headset or virtual reality glasses.After feeding the data to the driving system's computers and syncing()the car's real motions with the simulations',researchers were able to show that it behaves as if the virtual environment were its true surroundings in real time. But what makes their software especially powerful,said Aksun- Guvenc,is the strength of how flexible their virtual environment can be. "When actual senses are replaced by virtual senses,the model can be easily changed to fit any kind of scenario,"said Guvenc. "We could see this technology becoming an important product in the industry in the next 5 or 10 years.That's why we're focusing on building more applications for it,"Guvenc added. 13.What can we say about autonomous driving? A.It is free of dangers. B.It definitely has a long way to go. C.Its safety testing matters. D.Its technology is mature. 14.What are the features of VVE method? A.Safe and real. B.Easy and cheap. C.Costly and inefficient. D.Tough and complicated. 15.What does the underlined word "scenario"in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Strategy. B.Experiment.C.Revision. D.Situation. 16.What is the best title for the text? A.Overcoming the Limitations of Autonomous Driving B.Testing Real Driverless Cars in a Virtual Environment C.Making Autonomous Driving More Common on the Road D.Focusing on Building More Applications for Driverless Cars 选择题答题栏 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案