5.阅读理解(五)-【三新金卷】2027年高三英语一轮复习周测阶梯卷

2027高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（五） 5.阅读理解（五） 班级 姓名 考号 得分 阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A handwritten document thought to have been penned by Galileo Galilei is actually a fake(),the University of Michigan has announced. The university has had the manuscript()since 1938,when it got the document without paying a penny from the trustees(受托人)of Tracy McGregor,a Detroit businessman who had gotten the document at the auction(拍卖)of another collector in1934. The top of the manuscript is a draft of a letter that Galileo wrote before a presentation on a new telescope in 1609.Galileo did write a version of this letter-a final draft is in the State Archive in Venezia,Italy.The lower half of the document is a set of notes on the moons of Jupiter,also based on real notes Galileo took.The final draft of those notes is also found in Italy,at the Florence National Central Library. But when Nick Wilding,a historian at Georgia State University,saw an image of the document,he suspected something was off.The ink,the handwriting,and some of the word choices seemed odd for a 17th-century document,he told the New York Times.Wilding emailed the University of Michigan Library curator (Pablo Alvarez in May 2022 with his concerns,and the University of Michigan launched an investigation.Three months later,the university announced that Wilding was right. The key is the watermark in the paper.Old paper often contains watermarks identifying the paper's maker and the place of production, according to the University of Michigan Library.The watermark in the Galileo paper reads“AS”,the paper maker's initials,and“BMO”,short for Bergamo,Italy.But the earliest known papers with "BMO"date back to 1770,meaning the document cannot be older than that.What's more, the university could find no evidence that the Galileo document existed before the 1930s. 1.How did the university most probably get the manuscript? A.It received the manuscript as a donation. B.It got the manuscript from an auction. C.It bought the manuscript from a businessman. D.It got the manuscript through an exchange. 2.What can we learn about the manuscript? A.It is a presentation about a new telescope. B.It is based on Galileo's real manuscripts. C.It needs protection for its great value. D.It was created by a man of Galileo's time. 3.What did the University of Michigan do after receiving Wilding's email? A.Ask him to do an investigation. B.Hide the truth from the public. C.Prove that the manuscript was genuine. D.Find out whether his words were true. 4.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A.How old the manuscript really is. B.Who created the manuscript. C.Why the manuscript is believed to be a fake. D.What was used to create the manuscript. 日 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family. Additionally,it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（五）P5一1 Specifically,it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod()to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover,having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition,there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single- use plastic."We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,said a BMF employee. 5.What can be learned about BMF from Paragraph 1? A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day-to-day care. C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D.It relies on farmer's markets. 6.What information does the convenient app offer? A.Real-time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants. C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. 7.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. 8.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF's major strengths. B.BMF's general management. C.BMF's global influence. D.BMF's technical standards. Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it impacting its quality,purity or durability.Recycled glass can be crushed into glass pieces,which can be melted down and used to produce more glass.Glass used for packaging has a high recycling rate compared to other packaging materials.In Europe,the average glass recycling rate is 76%0,compared to 41%for plastic packaging and 31%for wooden packaging. When glass is left in the natural environment,it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic.Unlike plastics,which break down into microplastics that can get into soils and water,glass is non-toxic."Glass is mainly made of silica,which is a natural substance,"says Franziska Trautmann,the co- founder of Glass Half Full,a New Orleans-based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. Silica,also known as silica dioxide,makes up 59%of the Earth's crust. Since it is a natural compound,there is no concern about environmental degradation. However,glass requires higher temperatures than plastic and aluminum to melt and form,says Alice Brock,a PhD researcher at University of Southampton in the UK.Raw materials for making virgin glass also release greenhouse gases during the melting process,adding to its environmental footprint.According to the International Energy Agency, the container and flat-glass industries emit over 60 megatons of CO2 per year.A key problem with glass recycling is that it involves the remelting process,which is the most energy intensive part of glass production.It accounts for 75%of the energy consumption during production. Even though glass containers can be reused an average of 12-20 times,glass is often treated as single-use.Single-use glass disposed of at landfills can take up to one million years to decompose.So the next time you want to drop a glass bottle,perhaps consider reusing it first.Glass is a resilient,long-lasting material that is not made to be thrown away after only being used once. 9.What does the passage focus on? A.Glass production. B.Glass restoration. C.Glass prospect. D.Glass recycling. 10.What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A.Damage. B.Conservation. C.Assessment. D.Transformation. 11.What can we learn from paragraph 3? A.Glass melting process is complicated. B.Glass reduces environmental footprint. C.Glass items are meant for permanent use. D.Glass production consumes much energy. 12.Why does the author advocate reuse of glass containers? A.To confirm their durability. B.To suggest being economical. C.To promote the green idea. D.To propose a new energy plan. D English has become the second language for the world.We are almost to a point where there are only two languages you need to know:whatever your parents speak and English.English has become so popular that it has spread very fast outside of the control of the US and UK.Countries like Nigeria and India use it as a unifying language in their nations.Some countries do all their schooling in English because the market just isn't there to translate textbooks into their own languages.English is the language of the Internet,it's the language of finance,and it's the language of air traffic control,of popular music-English is everywhere. The reason why I'm listing those things to you is that I can tell that we're getting to the point where a question is going to start being asked, which is:Why should English speakers learn foreign languages?Why bother to learn another one when it's getting to the point where almost everybody in the world will be able to communicate in English?I think there are a lot of reasons for English speakers to learn another language. I first want to address the one that you're probably most likely to have 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（五）P5一2 heard of.And that is the idea that a language influences your thoughts,and that the vocabulary and the grammar of different languages give everybody a different kind of feelings.Secondly,if you want to learn a culture and become part of it,you have to control to some degree the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.There's no other way.The third reason is that it's been shown that if you speak two languages,dementia()is less likely to set in.And these are the benefits of learning foreign languages. So I recommend that you teach yourself languages other than the one that you're speaking,because there's never been a better time to do it.It will certainly blow your mind. 13.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1? A.Make an argument. B.Draw a comparison. C.Introduce the topic. D.Give an example. 14.What is the author's attitude towards learning a second language? A.Approving. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear. 15.What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A.Language decides people's opinion. B.Language and culture are closely related. C.Vocabulary and grammar are difficult to learn. D.Learning foreign languages helps cure disease. 16.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.It's Time to Stop Learning English B.Learning Language Is Learning Culture C.How Does English Spread in the World D.Why Should We Learn Another Language 选择题答题栏 题号 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案 题号 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案(五)】 题号 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 答案 A C B A D A D C B 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。 密歇根大学图书馆里珍藏的伽利略手稿原来是一个赝品 1.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The university has had the manuscript since 1938,when it got the document without paying a penny...”可知，这所大学是以获得捐赠的方式得到的这份手稿。 2.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Galileo did write a version of this letter...The lower half..·also based on real notes Galileo took.The final draft of those notes is also found in Italy,at the Florence National Central Library..”可知，这份手稿是根据伽利略真实的手稿制作而成。 3.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“.，.and the University of Michigan launched an investigation”可知，他们想 知道这份手稿到底是不是真品。 4.【答案】C 【解析】段落大意题。根据末段中“The key is the watermark in the paper..,But the earliest known papers with 'BMO'date back to 1770,meaning the document cannot be older than that.What's more,the university could find no evidence that the Galileo document existed before the 1930s.”可知，本段主要分析了这份手稿为 什么被认为是赝品。 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距 离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。 5.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场甚至缩短 了旅程。)”可知，巴比伦微型农场(BMF)进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。 6.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.(此 外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时 数据。 7.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives..About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.'We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,’said a BMF employee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或 骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员 工表示：‘我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。’)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。 8.【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场甚至缩短 了旅程。)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant..(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断 增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水， 而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,'said a BMF employee..(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的 人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF 的一名员工表示：‘我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。’)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF) 的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员 工的环保生活方式等。 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玻璃的无限可回收性、对环境的影响及节能再利用的重 要性。 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（五）·答案P9J 9.【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it impacting its quality,purity or durability..(玻璃是一种可以无限回收而不影响其质量、纯度 或耐用性的材料。)”，第二段中“When glass is left in the natural environment,it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic..(当玻璃留在自然环境中时，它比塑料更不容易造成污染。)”可知，文章主要讲述了玻璃回收的过 程、优点以及存在的问题。因此，文章的重点是玻璃回收。 10.【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的““Glass is mainly made of silica,which is a natural substance,”says Franziska Trautmann,the co-founder of Glass Half Full,a New Orleans-based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief.(“玻璃主要由二氧化硅制成，这是一种天 然物质，”新奥尔良公司Glass Half Full的联合创始人Franziska Trautmann说。该公司将玻璃回收成沙子，可 用于海岸修复和救灾。)”和“Since it is a natural compound,there is no concern about environmental degradation.(由于它是一种天然化合物，因此无需担心其会造成环境的degradation。)”可知，玻璃主要是由二 氧化硅（一种天然物质）制成的，因此不用担心破坏环境。degradation的意思是“破坏”。此处应该是指不用担 心环境受到损害，A.Damage损坏，破坏；B.Conservation保护；C.Assessment评估；D.Transformation转型。 11.【答案D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,glass requires higher temperatures than plastic and aluminum to melt and form,says Alice Brock,a PhD researcher at University of Southampton in the UK. Raw materials for making virgin glass also release greenhouse gases during the melting process,adding to its environmental footprint.According to the International Energy Agency,the container and flat-glass industries emit over 60 megatons of CO2 per year.A key problem with glass recycling is that it involves the remelting process,which is the most energy intensive part of glass production.(然而，英国南安普顿大学的博 士研究员Alice Brock说，玻璃需要比塑料和铝更高的温度才能熔化和形成。制造玻璃的原材料在熔化过程中 也会释放温室气体，增加了对环境的影响。根据国际能源署的数据，集装箱和平板玻璃行业每年排放超过 6000万吨的二氧化碳。玻璃回收的一个关键问题是它涉及到重熔过程，这是玻璃生产中最耗能的部分。)”可 知，玻璃需要比塑料和铝更高的温度来熔化和成形，玻璃回收的一个关键问题是它涉及重新熔化的过程，这是 玻璃生产过程中最耗能的部分。因此，我们可以从第三段中可知，玻璃生产消耗大量能源。 12.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Even though glass containers can be reused an average of 12-2o times,glass is often treated as single-use.Single-use glass disposed of at landfills can take up to one million years to decompose.So the next time you want to drop a glass bottle,perhaps consider reusing it first.Glass is a resilient,long-lasting material that is not made to be thrown away after only being used once. 容器平均可以重复使用12一20次，但玻璃通常被视为一次性使用的。被丢弃在垃圾填埋场的一次性玻璃可能 需要长达一百万年的时间才能分解。因此，下次当你想要扔掉玻璃瓶时，也许可以考虑先将其重复使用。玻璃 是一种坚固耐用的材料，并非仅供一次性使用后就扔掉。)”可知，作者提倡重用玻璃容器是为了推广绿色理念， 减少垃圾的产生和环境的污染。 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了在英语越来越普及的今天，对于将英语作 为母语的人来说，学一门其他语言是必要的。 13.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段内容主要介绍了英语在各个国家、各个领域都很普及。第二段提出了问题：为 什么还要学习除英语之外的另一门语言。第三段回答了第二段的问题，即：学习除英语之外的另一门语言的意 义。第四段呼吁大家学习除英语之外的另一门语言。由每段内容和文章结构可知，第一段是为了引出学习另 一门语言的重要性，即：引出本文的话题。 14.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“I think there are a lot of reasons for English speakers to learn another language.”和最后一段内容“So I recommend that you teach yourself languages other than the one that your're speaking,because there's never been a better time to do it.It will certainly blow your mind. 知，作者对学习另一门语言持支持的态度 15.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Secondly if you want to learn a culture and become part of it,you have to control to some degree the language that the culture happens to be conducted in.”可知，如果你想学习文化， 并成为文化中的一部分，你必须在一定程度上掌握包含在语言中的文化。由此可见，语言和文化紧密相关。 16.【答案】D 【解析】标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在英语越来越普及的今天，对于将英语作为母语的人来说，学一门其他语 言是必要的。 高考总复习·周测阶梯卷·英语（五）·答案P10J