Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 讲义-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

本高中英语讲义聚焦词性、句子成分及五大基本句型核心知识点，先系统梳理实词虚词分类，再解析句子主要成分（主语、谓语、宾语/表语）与次要成分（定语、状语等），最终通过SV、SVO等五大句型构建完整句子结构学习支架。 资料以“定义+例句+练习”模式展开，如详解SVOC句型中宾补的名词、形容词等多种形式，通过句型判断与翻译题培养学生语言理解与表达能力（语言能力），引导学生分析句子成分提升逻辑思维（思维品质）。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后练习题及解析帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

词性 句子 成分 词性：实词：名词 形容词 动词 副词 数词 虚词：冠词 代词 介词 感叹词 连词 成分：主要成分：主语 谓语 宾语/表语 次要成分：定语、状语、补足语、同位语 简单句 句子：并列句 复合句（主从复合句） 成分定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 英文中基本的句子结构：(五大基本句型) 简单句 1. 主+谓 SV 2. 主+谓+宾语 SVO 3. 主+谓+宾语+宾语 SV IO DO 4. 主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC 5. 主+系+表语 SVP 1. 主+谓(不及物动词) SV 2. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语 SVO 3. 主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 SV IO DO 4. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC 5. 主+谓(系动词)+表语 SVP 谓语 什么是谓语动词：说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语通常是动词 1.体现时态和语态的动词2.情态动词+动词原形或者do/does/did+动词原形 3.系动词 4.完整的动词词组或短语 He practices running every morning. He can speak English. They are talking about something. I have seen the film before. He looked after two boys. I feel excited. I do love English. 主语 什么是主语：句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。 主语可以由什么词性来充当？ 1.The car runs fast. 2.She is kind. 3.Eight is a lucky number in China. 4.Swimming is my favorite. 5.To see is to believe. 6.What we need is time. 7.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 总结：主语可由名词、代词、数词、to do、doing（动名词）、to do、主语从句、形式主语充当 宾语 什么是宾语：动作的对象、承受者 位置：及物动词和介词后面 宾语可以由什么词性来充当？ 1.They saw an exhibition yesterday. 2. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 3. She wants to join the club. 4. I enjoyed listening to popular music. 5. I think he is fit for his office. 6. People find it important to get a good education. 7. He told us a story. 总结：宾语可由名词、代词、数词、to do、doing（动名词）、宾语从句、形式宾语充当 间接宾语+直接宾语 在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”）， 表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。 简单理解为：给谁东西 谓语动词为“给”含义的需要人、物的词 常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, owe, take, teach，buy,offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award，grant,ask等 分析下列句子成分： I showed her my photos. I bought Tom a birthday gift. He read us the text. → He read the text to us. My sister wrote me a letter. → My sister wrote a letter to me. Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English to us. My mother bought me a watch. → My mother bought a watch for me. Her mother made her a cake. → Her mother made a cake for her. 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语 谓语动词为使让动词或感官动词等。 常见的可接宾补的动词：see,hear,feel，make,have,let,find,consider,call,name，elect,think 探究宾补可以由什么词来充当？ His father named him Terry. I found the book interesting。 She asked her to lend her a hand. We saw him entering the room. I will have my hair cut tomorrow morning. The teacher tried to make himself understood. Let the fresh air in. 总结：宾补可由名词、形容词、to do、doing、done、介词充当 表语 什么是表语：表示主语的状态、身份、特征等 探究表语的位置，表语由什么词充当？ 常见的系动词： 1.状态系动词：be（am, is, are，was,were） 2.感官系动词：look, sound,smell, taste, feel 3. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn,fall 4.不变系动词：keep, remain,stay 5. 表似乎、好像：seem, appear I am happy. The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. It remains a mystery. 总结：表语可由名词和代词充当 定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下词性表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等 划出定语并说出什么词充当的定语 1.Guilin is a beautiful city. 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 7.I like the book which you lent me last week. 8.I plan to go to the vegetable shop to buy some potatoes. 同位语： 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。 eg. Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is kind to us. 划出同位语并说出什么词充当的同位语。 1.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 2.He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. 3.I think life itself is a learning process. 状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：副词，介词短语，不定式，分词，从句，名词 划出状语并说出什么词充当的状语。 1.Light travels most quickly. 2.Once you begin, you must continue. 3.Walking along the street,I saw many beautiful flowers. 4.To get good grades,she studies hard every day. 状语可以分为以下几种： 1.How about meeting again at six? (时间状语) 2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. (原因状语) 3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. (条件状语) 4.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. (地点状语) 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. (方式状语) 6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. (伴随状语) 7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. (目的状语) 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. (结果状语) 9.She works very hard though she is old. (让步状语) 10.I am taller than he is. (比较状语) 练习题 一、判断下列句子的句型并翻译句子 1. He smiled. 2. Her dream has come true. 3. This video made me sad. 4. All the tourists seemed happy. 5. She is in good health. 6. Someone left you this note. 7. She always keeps her room clean. 8. I live in Beijing. 9. My brother has become a famous writer. 10. I want a cup of coffee. 11. We elected him president. 二、将以下句子翻译成英语，注意句型。 1. 我们学校将于下周在操场上举行校运会。 2. 这场洪水已经冲毁（destroy）了许多房子。 3. 她把真相（truth）告诉了我。 4. 我听见了鸟儿在唱歌。 5. 听起来很有趣。(sound) 6. 信在信封里。( envelope) 7. 你无法赢的原因是你的信念（faith）太弱了。（The reason why… is that…) 8. 只要你说，我会竭尽所能给你。 9. 我弟弟昨天晚上在火车上看到了一只黑猪跟着一只鸟飞。 10. 环保问题正在变得越来越严重。 解析： 一、判断下列句子的句型并翻译句子 1.句型：S+V（主谓） 翻译：他笑了。 2.句型：S+V（主谓） 翻译：她的梦想实现了。 3.句型：S+V+O+OC（主谓宾补） 翻译：这个视频让我很难过。 4.句型：S+V+P（主系表） 翻译：所有游客看起来都很开心。 5.句型：S+V+P（主系表） 翻译：她身体健康。 6.句型：S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾） 翻译：有人给你留了这张便条。 7.句型：S+V+O+OC（主谓宾补） 翻译：她总是把房间保持得干干净净。 8.句型：S+V（主谓）翻译：我住在北京。 9.句型：S+V+P（主系表） 翻译：我的哥哥已经成为一名著名作家。 10.句型：S+V+O（主谓宾） 翻译：我想要一杯咖啡。 11.句型：S+V+O+OC（主谓宾补） 翻译：我们选他当主席 二、将以下句子翻译成英语 1.Our school will hold the school sports meeting on the playground next week. 2.The flood has destroyed many houses. 3.She told me the truth. 4.I heard the birds singing. 5.It sounds interesting. 6.The letter is in the envelope. 7.The reason why you can't win is that your faith is too weak. 8.If you ask, I will give you whatever I can. 9.My brother saw a black pig flying with a bird on the train last night. 10.The environmental problem is becoming more and more serious. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $