高考英语综合训练卷 A 53 -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以高考题型为框架，融合语言能力与思维品质，通过分层解析构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三维训练体系，实现知识整合与应试能力提升。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读|20题（含4篇阅读+七选五）|细节定位（多条件核对）、逻辑衔接（句间关系分析）、词义推测（上下文语境关联）|体裁（应用文/说明文/议论文）与阅读策略对应，信息筛选与推理判断能力递进| |语言运用|25题（完形+语法填空）|完形上下文情感线索分析、语法填空词形转换规则（如非谓语/从句引导词）|词汇语境运用与语法规则应用结合，从语篇理解到语言形式精准把控| |写作|2题（应用文+读后续写）|应用文信息要点覆盖（用途/改动/确认）、续写情节逻辑发展（人物互动与任务推进）|语言表达与思维品质融合，从规范格式到创造性叙事的能力层级提升|

原创高考英语综合训练卷 A53 教师解析版 | 共47题 | 满分120分 | 建议用时100分钟 | 难度：中上 试题部分 第一部分 阅读（共20小题；满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Alder Playhouse: Choosing Your Seat Alder Playhouse offers several prices for the same performance. Before booking, consider how you will reach your seat and what you need to see. The prices below apply to evening performances in the main auditorium; every audience member needs a separate ticket. Front stalls, rows A–F | $32. These seats are closest to the actors and have step-free access from the foyer. Rear stalls, rows G–L | $24. These also have step-free access. Their greater distance from the stage makes it easier to see the whole set at once. Circle | $22. Reach this upper level by thirty-four stairs; there is no elevator. Central seats offer a broad view, although the rail in front of the first row may interrupt the view for shorter visitors. Side gallery | $16. After forty-eight stairs, expect a sharply angled view. Some action at the side of the stage may be hidden. Captioned performances display spoken dialogue on a board above the stage. Choose central rear-stall or central circle seats for a clear view of both board and stage. Captions are difficult to read from the front stalls and cannot be seen from the side gallery. Check the performance listing for caption availability before paying. Photographs on the booking page show an empty stage. Also read the notes beside individual seat numbers: scenery for a particular production can change what is visible. Staff can explain a restriction if you are uncertain. You may exchange tickets at least twenty-four hours before the performance, subject to seat availability. Each ticket carries a $3 exchange charge. Pay any increase in seat price; moving to cheaper seats does not produce a refund. Contact the box office to arrange an exchange. 21. A visitor needs step-free access and clear captions, with a budget of $25. Which seat should she choose for a captioned performance? A. A front-stall seat at $32. B. A central rear-stall seat at $24. C. A central circle seat at $22. D. A side-gallery seat at $16. 22. A customer exchanges one $32 ticket for an available $24 seat in time. What happens financially? A. He pays $3 and receives no price refund. B. He receives $8 after paying the exchange charge. C. He receives $5 after the charge is deducted. D. He pays nothing because the new seat is cheaper. 23. Why should customers read the notes beside individual seat numbers? A. To learn when the booking photographs were taken. B. To discover which actors appear in the production. C. To check how the production may affect their view. D. To compare the length of different performances. B On architect Nina Patel's desk, small cardboard rectangles stand for tables, counters and walls. She slides one across a floor plan, checks the space beside a doorway and moves it back. The pieces help her explore a room that does not yet exist. There is no complete picture waiting in her mind for her hands to copy. Nina has aphantasia: she cannot deliberately produce visual images in her mind. Asked to picture an apple, she knows its shape and can describe its skin, but no image appears. This does not prevent her from recognizing an apple in front of her. Nor does it empty her memory of experience. She can recall where she sat at a family meal and how the conversation made her feel without seeing the table again. Her drawings remain provisional for much of a project. A line may disappear under an eraser; a wall may move after she traces the route from the entrance to a desk. She does not regard these changes as failed attempts to capture a finished inner image. The act of drawing helps her form the idea. Measurements, words and relationships between objects give her several ways to work with space. These working habits also shape meetings. Instead of asking colleagues to imagine the same room, Nina puts a plan between them and asks each person to trace a visitor's journey. Someone notices that two paths cross beside a narrow door. Another questions where a waiting visitor would sit. A private mental picture might have remained difficult to compare with someone else's; the marks on the table give disagreement a precise location. Nina is careful about turning her experience into advice for everybody. Other people with aphantasia may work differently, and vivid visual imagination can be useful to a designer. She has no wish to rank one mind above another. What troubles her is the assumption that creating something requires first seeing it internally. Her desk suggests a wider possibility: thought can take shape as people work with things they can share. 24. What does Nina's experience suggest about aphantasia? A. It makes familiar objects difficult to recognize in daily life. B. It makes descriptions of objects replace memories of events. C. It prevents designers from exploring spaces before they are built. D. It can coexist with useful ways of remembering and thinking about space. 25. What does the underlined word "provisional" in paragraph 3 most nearly mean? A. Ready for construction. B. Open to revision. C. Attractive to clients. D. Difficult to reproduce. 26. How does the plan on the meeting table help Nina's colleagues? A. It lets them approve the design without describing their concerns. B. It allows them to replace practical movement with visual decoration. C. It gives them a common reference for locating possible problems. D. It guides them toward the same private mental picture of the room. 27. Which statement best captures the point of Nina's story? A. Designers achieve better results when they avoid visual imagination. B. Creative thought can develop through methods beyond an inner picture. C. Architectural drawings should communicate a finished idea before discussion. D. People with aphantasia generally share one effective design method. C A hose can carry water upward over a container's rim and then downward into a drain, without a pump running. This arrangement, called a siphon, seems to set gravity a puzzle: why does the water climb? The puzzle becomes easier when we follow the whole journey rather than watching only the upward section. Consider an ordinary siphon drawing from an open container, with its outlet discharging freely into the air. The outlet must be lower than the water surface in the container. Water can then finish at a lower height than where it started, so gravity supplies energy for the overall transfer. Pressure differences along the filled hose move the water through the upward section. The bend changes the route; it does not provide extra energy. Endpoint heights are not the only requirement. Simply lowering the end of an empty hose does not start the same process. The hose must first be filled so that water forms a continuous path over the rim. A large air gap can interrupt the pressure pattern needed to maintain the flow. Favorable geometry alone cannot make a disconnected water column behave like a filled one. Nor does raising the bend while keeping the outlet fixed increase the overall drop. It can instead make the siphon harder to maintain. Pressure near the highest point falls as that point is raised. If the pressure becomes too low, vapor can form and break the continuous water path. A lower outlet therefore does not mean that water can cross an obstacle of unlimited height. As the container empties, the height difference between its water surface and the outlet becomes smaller. Flow can also stop when the inlet is exposed to air or the outlet is no longer below the surface. These conditions explain why the position of a hose matters in more than one way. The endpoints determine the available gravitational energy, while the route must allow a continuous water column to survive. Water can travel uphill for part of its journey without gaining energy over the journey as a whole. 28. Two siphons draw from the same container and have outlets at the same height. One bends higher than the other. What follows from the passage? A. The higher bend gives the water more energy by lengthening its downward route. B. The lower bend removes the need for pressure differences to raise the water. C. The equal outlet heights make the two hoses discharge water at the same rate. D. Both flows have the same overall drop despite the different heights of the bends. 29. Why does the author compare an empty hose with a filled one? A. To show that suitable heights alone do not establish a continuous water path. B. To explain that filling a hose increases the height of the source container. C. To suggest that water flows faster when separate sections enter the hose in turn. D. To demonstrate that the outlet must be closed while water is being discharged. 30. How can raising only the bend stop an otherwise working siphon? A. By lowering pressure enough for vapor to interrupt the water column. B. By reducing the height difference between the water surface and the outlet. C. By making the pressure the same at every point along the hose. D. By allowing outside air to enter through the inlet while it remains submerged. 31. Which title best suits the passage? A. Making Siphons Faster by Raising the Bend B. Measuring Water Pressure from Outlet Height C. Understanding Why Water Can Flow over a Rim D. Designing Hoses to Keep Their Flow Rates Constant D A queue makes an appealing promise: your place depends on when you arrive, not on whom you know. The rule is visible, easy to explain and usually prevents an argument at the counter. These are real achievements. But when a scarce service is distributed by arrival time, an orderly line can hide unequal chances to join it. Consider two people seeking the same free legal advice session. One has a flexible afternoon; the other must leave a paid shift and arrange care for a child. An hour passes equally on both watches, but it does not cost them the same. The second person may never join the queue at all. Counting only those who remain in line misses people whom the waiting requirement has already excluded. This does not mean that staff should abandon queues and guess whose time matters most. Such judgments could be intrusive and inconsistent. It does mean that arrival order should not settle every question about access. For emergency treatment, urgency can reasonably outweigh arrival time. For equally eligible applicants seeking a limited number of places, a lottery after a reasonable application period may offer a fairer chance than a race to be first. Appointments and remote queuing can reduce some costs, but their design matters. A person who can keep a place while sitting nearby no longer has to stand for an hour. Yet a system that sends a phone alert and demands a return within two minutes may disadvantage someone who moves slowly. An online appointment page can save a journey while creating a new obstacle for people without reliable internet access. The burden may have changed form rather than disappeared. A fair system therefore needs more than a well-behaved line. It needs a reason for choosing its rule, a way to explain exceptions and attention to people absent from the waiting area. Arrival order remains a useful tool for everyday services. Its fairness depends partly on what people must give up before they can take their place. 32. Why does the author describe two people seeking free legal advice? A. To show why legal advisers should charge for longer appointments. B. To reveal costs that an orderly line does not make visible. C. To explain why flexible workers usually need more legal support. D. To suggest that clients should settle their differences before joining a queue. 33. What does the discussion of appointments and phone alerts imply? A. A digital system becomes fair once it removes the physical line. B. A short return deadline makes remote queuing equally accessible. C. An online booking page reduces the need to consider absent users. D. A reduction in one burden can be accompanied by another barrier. 34. Which arrangement best fits the author's reasoning about equally eligible applicants for limited places? A. A program lets staff favor applicants whose schedules seem busiest. B. A program reserves places for whoever refreshes its website fastest. C. A program accepts applications over several days and then draws names. D. A program gives extra places to applicants who can wait at its office. 35. Which statement best expresses the author's central argument? A. Queues can be useful, but fair access also requires attention to the costs of joining them. B. Queues should be replaced by appointments wherever a service has limited capacity. C. Queues distribute scarce services fairly when everybody follows the same arrival rule. D. Queues become unnecessary when staff can judge the personal needs of each user. 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A joke can be perfectly clear in one language and fall flat in another. A word may carry two meanings in the original but only one in translation. Explaining both meanings makes the problem clear without making anyone laugh. ___36___ The audience has learned how the joke worked, but has not experienced its surprise. This is why a translator may replace a wordplay joke with a different joke. ___37___ If a proud character accidentally insults himself, the new line needs to preserve that small collapse of confidence. An unrelated joke might be funnier on its own yet make the speaker seem like a different person. The timing of a line matters as much as its ingredients. A translation may contain all the necessary information but place the unexpected word too early. ___38___ Reordering the sentence can sometimes restore the moment when the listener has to change direction. However, freedom with a joke does not mean freedom with every sentence around it. In a story, a station name may tell us where a character has gone. ___39___ Changing that detail merely because another name sounds amusing could make a later scene impossible to follow. There is also a difference between a translated joke that fails and one that some readers simply dislike. Humor depends partly on shared habits and expectations. ___40___ Keeping an unfamiliar comic style can give readers access to another way of finding things funny. A translator's job is not necessarily to make every audience laugh at exactly the same moment. A. The question is what the joke allows us to notice about its speaker. B. By then, the explanation has replaced the event it was meant to recreate. C. A useful test is whether the new version sounds like something a local person would naturally say. D. A translator may therefore choose to leave some cultural distance in place. E. The listener no longer has an expectation left to overturn at the end. F. Here, the words must first keep the story's facts consistent. G. Adding a short explanation before the line can prepare readers to enjoy the original trick. 第二部分 语言运用（共25小题；满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I spent a rainy afternoon learning a card trick from a booklet. It depended on remembering one card, which I checked ___41___ before asking my younger sister Ada to choose another. She left her half-built tower on the carpet to become my ___42___. When I revealed her card, she drew in her breath. Her ___43___ encouraged me to repeat the trick. By the fourth round, I was feeling rather ___44___. Then a card slipped from the pack. Ada picked it up and returned it to its exact ___45___ near the bottom. I had never ___46___ why that position mattered. 'How did you know?' I asked. For a few seconds she said nothing, then ___47___. Our father had taught her the same trick the previous winter. She had recognized it ___48___ from my first move, but had said nothing. 'So all those surprised faces were an ___49___?' 'I liked your face when you thought I was surprised,' she said. I nearly accused her of ___50___ me. Then I noticed her abandoned tower. She had given up her game to play a part in mine. I pushed the pack toward her. 'Your turn.' We ___51___ seats. Ada began with an impressive wave, then forgot what to say. I ___52___, letting the pause grow into suspense. Although I knew where she would find my card, I ___53___ her face for signs of enjoyment. When she held it up, I gasped. Her grin grew until I found myself smiling too. I had ___54___ the gasp; the smile arrived by itself. She asked whether I wanted another round. I nodded, ready to be ___55___ again. 41. A. openly B. secretly C. accidentally D. blindly 42. A. customer B. instructor C. opponent D. audience 43. A. reaction B. suggestion C. protest D. hesitation 44. A. impatient B. confused C. confident D. sympathetic 45. A. container B. position C. owner D. shape 46. A. explained B. forgotten C. doubted D. discovered 47. A. left B. agreed C. called D. answered 48. A. partly B. incorrectly C. immediately D. vaguely 49. A. invitation B. act C. objection D. accident 50. A. instructing B. avoiding C. interrupting D. mocking 51. A. exchanged B. reserved C. counted D. folded 52. A. corrected B. waited C. withdrew D. complained 53. A. pictured B. remembered C. studied D. avoided 54. A. suppressed B. forgotten C. dreaded D. planned 55. A. defeated B. corrected C. entertained D. tested 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At first glance, a willow basket seems to be a collection of sticks. Its ability to carry a load comes from the way those sticks work together. In a simple basket, the framework consists ___56___ upright rods with thinner ones woven between them. Every ___57___ (rod) contributes to the shape, even though no single piece forms a complete wall. Before weaving starts, dried willow is soaked in water. Without this preparation, a dry rod can be ___58___ (damage) by a sharp bend. Rods of different thicknesses respond ___59___ (different) to pressure, so choosing suitable material is part of the work. A rod ___60___ surface has begun to split may break at a tight corner. As the sides rise, the pattern enables the maker ___61___ (adjust) the spacing between the upright rods. Turning a corner involves ___62___ (press) the damp willow gradually into a curve. Forcing a sharp bend can damage ___63___ (it) outer fibers. At the top, the upright rods are bent over and worked into the rim, thereby ___64___ (hold) the finished edge together. The rim helps the basket retain both its shape ___65___ its strength. What looks like decoration therefore has a practical role: the woven edge is part of the structure that makes the basket useful. 第三部分 写作（共2小题；满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，负责筹备面向学生和家长的免费校园运河运输展览。你希望将摄影师Ms. Morgan的照片“At the Lock”用于一块印刷展板。照片中有船只、水面和两道闸门，上方有一片空白天空。你拟裁去空白天空，并添加标明两道闸门的文字标签；船只和周围水面须保留，标签不得遮盖闸门。请给摄影师写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 说明用途和受众，申请按上述方式改编并使用照片，解释改动目的；2. 说明如何保留场景信息、注明作者及作品标题，并标明新增内容；3. 提出印刷前发送展板样稿供确认，获准后才使用。正文词数120左右。 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 67. 阅读材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右，所给段落开头不计入续写词数。 Jonah and Nia were updating the dog profiles at their local animal shelter on Saturday morning. A camera, printed profile cards and a pen lay on a table beside the open gate of the exercise yard. Each card needed a clear photograph and a few notes. Pip waited beside Jonah on a lead. Jonah had walked him every weekend for a month. "I'll take pictures, but I don't want to hold his lead," Nia had said before they began. A dog had knocked her over when she was small. She was willing to work with a fence between herself and Pip. Jonah said Pip was gentle. Nia nodded without changing her answer. Jonah picked up the camera, led Pip into the yard and closed the gate. He kept the lead in his left hand and tried taking a photograph with his right. Pip turned at the click, so the picture showed mostly one ear. Jonah returned to the gate to show Nia the screen. "A giant ear with legs," she said. Jonah nearly laughed too. Then Jonah held the camera out and asked her to come inside. Nia reached between the fence bars to take it but stayed where she was. Jonah sighed. "We can't get much done if I'm doing the dog part and you're just watching." Nia's smile disappeared. She set the camera on the table and looked down at the blank space on Pip's card. Jonah led Pip back toward the middle of the yard. Pip settled beside him, and the morning light fell across the dog's face. Nia watched from outside the fence. She had spent the previous evening choosing which details to include on the cards. Now she wondered whether Jonah wanted her help at all. The camera lay within reach, but she kept her hands by her sides. Paragraph 1: After a moment, Nia picked up the camera again. Paragraph 2: Jonah came to the gate to look at the result. 参考答案与解析 答案速查 21 B 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 B 26 C 27 B 28 D 29 A 30 A 31 C 32 B 33 D 34 C 35 A 36 B 37 A 38 E 39 F 40 D 41 B 42 D 43 A 44 C 45 B 46 A 47 D 48 C 49 B 50 D 51 A 52 B 53 C 54 D 55 C 56 of 57 rod 58 damaged 59 differently 60 whose 61 to adjust 62 pressing 63 its 64 holding 65 and 66 见参考范文 67 见参考续写 第一部分 阅读 第一节 阅读理解（21—35） 21. 答案：B 题干：A visitor needs step-free access and clear captions, with a budget of $25. Which seat should she choose for a captioned performance? 解析：本题须同时核对预算、无台阶通行和字幕视野。第二段说明后部池座为“$24”且“These also have step-free access”；第四段推荐“central rear-stall or central circle seats”以同时看清字幕板与舞台，因此B满足三项条件。A超过25美元预算，且前部池座字幕难读；C虽价格合适、字幕视野合适，却必须走三十四级楼梯；D既需走楼梯，又看不到字幕。不能只按最低价格作答。 22. 答案：A 题干：A customer exchanges one $32 ticket for an available $24 seat in time. What happens financially? 解析：末段分别规定“Each ticket carries a $3 exchange charge”和“moving to cheaper seats does not produce a refund”。因此换一张票仍须付3美元，原票与新座位之间的8美元差额不退，选A。B错误地把差额当作可退金额；C虽扣除了手续费，仍预设8美元可以退还；D把降价座位误当作免手续费的条件。题干已说明及时办理且有座，不需再判断办理资格。 23. 答案：C 题干：Why should customers read the notes beside individual seat numbers? 解析：第五段先指出照片展示的是“an empty stage”，再说明“scenery for a particular production can change what is visible”，因此读具体座位说明是为了判断本次布景对视野的影响，选C。A抓住照片但错置了阅读目的，文中不要求查询拍摄日期；B把座位限制说明变成演员信息；D转移到演出时长，均没有依据。 24. 答案：D 题干：What does Nina's experience suggest about aphantasia? 解析：第二段明确说无视觉想象“不妨碍”识别眼前的苹果，也不使记忆失去经历；她仍能记得座位位置及谈话带来的感受。第一、三段又呈现她借模型、测量和物体关系设计空间，故可推出D。A与“does not prevent her from recognizing”相反；B把能够描述物体误推为以物体描述取代事件记忆；C与她用模型探索“a room that does not yet exist”的工作事实冲突。结论限定为can，未把个体经验推广为所有人的固定能力。 25. 答案：B 题干：What does the underlined word "provisional" in paragraph 3 most nearly mean? 解析：provisional后紧接“A line may disappear under an eraser”和“a wall may move”，说明图纸在较长时间内仍会修改，创意也在画图过程中形成，故选B“可继续修订的”。A把仍在探索的图纸当作可以施工的定稿；C从视觉吸引力解释该词，段中没有客户喜好；D把修改过程误读为复制难度。判词依据是擦除、移位及构思发展的上下文，而非专业背景常识。 26. 答案：C 题干：How does the plan on the meeting table help Nina's colleagues? 解析：第四段中同事沿平面图追踪访客路径，发现窄门旁路线交叉，并提出候坐位置问题。末句概括“the marks on the table give disagreement a precise location”，说明共享图纸让疑问有可指认的位置，选C。A与他们提出疑问的过程相反；B把实际行走关系转移为装饰；D虽然提到共同理解，却误把目的说成形成同一私人脑内图像，文中强调的恰是可共同查看、比较的外部标记。 27. 答案：B 题干：Which statement best captures the point of Nina's story? 解析：全文从模型、记忆、画图到团队讨论，展示构思可以借助物体、语言和空间关系逐渐形成。末段反对“creating something requires first seeing it internally”，并提出“thought can take shape as people work with things they can share”，因此B统摄全文。A把不必依赖脑内图像扩大为排斥视觉想象，违背“vivid visual imagination can be useful”；C把画图作为形成想法的过程倒置为成品表达；D违背“Other people with aphantasia may work differently”。 28. 答案：D 题干：Two siphons draw from the same container and have outlets at the same height. One bends higher than the other. What follows from the passage? 解析：第二段把整体供能取决于水从源水面到出口的高度变化；第四段明确“raising the bend while keeping the outlet fixed”不增加“the overall drop”。同一容器、同高出口固定了两条路线的起终点高度，因此整体落差相同，选D。A只计算加长的下降段，忽略此前增加的上升高度；B把较低弯顶误当作无需压差；C把落差相同扩大为流量一定相同，文中没有排除管道阻力、连续性等因素，不能得出该结论。 29. 答案：A 题干：Why does the author compare an empty hose with a filled one? 解析：第三段先说“Endpoint heights are not the only requirement”，再比较空管与预先充水的管道，强调须形成“a continuous path over the rim”。因此比较用来补充：高度条件合适还不够，水路也须连续，选A。B把充水对连续性的作用改成抬高容器；C把文中可能打断过程的分断水柱误当作加速方式；D添加出水时关闭出口的条件，既无依据，也与前文出口向空气自由排水的设定不符。 30. 答案：A 题干：How can raising only the bend stop an otherwise working siphon? 解析：第四段给出完整因果链：弯顶升高使最高处附近压力降低；若过低，“vapor can form and break the continuous water path”，所以A正确。B把只改变管道路线误当作改变源水面与出口之间的落差；C把局部压力下降说成全管等压；D混淆管内产生水蒸气与外界空气从浸没入口进入，原文并未给出后者。这里的can表示可能发生，并非任意轻微抬高都会立即中断。 31. 答案：C 题干：Which title best suits the passage? 解析：文章从水为何可越过容器边缘向上流动的疑问出发，解释整体落差提供能量，以及管内压差和连续水柱使该路线可行，随后讨论弯顶过高和水位下降时的限制。因此C涵盖全文的核心解释。A与抬高弯顶并不增加整体落差、反而可能破坏连续性的说明相反；B把文章缩成从出口高度测压的办法，原文未提供此种测量方法；D把解释虹吸条件误写成保证恒定流量的设计指南。 32. 答案：B 题干：Why does the author describe two people seeking free legal advice? 解析：第二段对比自由安排下午时间者与需停工、安排儿童照料者，指出“An hour passes equally on both watches, but it does not cost them the same”，还提醒有人因此根本不来排队。这个例子揭示队伍表面的秩序无法显示不同人的机会成本与被排除者，选B。A把等待成本误作法律服务应收费的理由；C错误比较两类人的法律需求量；D把访问服务的困难换成客户间争议，均偏离例证功能。 33. 答案：D 题干：What does the discussion of appointments and phone alerts imply? 解析：第四段先承认可保留排位、预约等措施能减少站立和出行负担，再指出两分钟返回可能不利于行动慢者，网上预约可能排除网络不可靠者，末句概括“The burden may have changed form rather than disappeared”，故选D。A把去掉实体队伍当作公平充分条件；B忽视行动速度差异；C与全文关注未能进入服务系统者的主张相反。D承认减负效果，同时保留新的可及性障碍，限定适当。 34. 答案：C 题干：Which arrangement best fits the author's reasoning about equally eligible applicants for limited places? 解析：第三段提出，对“equally eligible applicants”竞争有限名额，可在合理申请期后抽签，而非比谁抢先。C先开放数天申请，再抽取姓名，保留了申请窗口和机会均等两项关键条件，因此最符合。A让工作人员猜谁更忙，正落入“intrusive and inconsistent”的问题；B改成刷新网页竞速，仍以能否抢先支配机会；D奖励能够在办公室等待的人，继续放大等待能力差异。题目不把抽签推广为急诊等所有服务的通则。 35. 答案：A 题干：Which statement best expresses the author's central argument? 解析：首段承认排队规则可见、易解释、减少冲突；随后讨论等待成本不等、未能进入队伍者及替代办法的限制；末段仍称到达顺序为“a useful tool”，同时说公平取决于人们为了排上队“must give up”什么。因此A同时概括价值与条件。B把预约当作普遍替代方案，忽略第四段的新障碍；C把同一到达规则直接等同公平，正是文章要补充审视的观点；D依赖工作人员逐人估计需求，违背对主观判断的警惕。 第二节 七选五（36—40） 36. 答案：B 解析：答案为B。上文说明解释双关只能让问题变清楚，却未使人发笑；B把这一结果概括为解释替代了应当发生的喜剧体验。下文learned how与has not experienced进一步区分理解机制和亲历惊讶，形成结果—解释的闭环。 37. 答案：A 解析：答案为A。上句允许以不同笑话替换原双关，空处需限定替换的评价标准。A提出笑话让读者看见怎样的说话者，后文以骄傲人物自损颜面为具体例子，并以different person排除虽更好笑却改变人物的替换。 38. 答案：E 解析：答案为E。上文place the unexpected word too early给出失效原因；E推出句末已没有尚待推翻的期待。下句reordering恢复听者改变理解方向的瞬间，因此原因、心理后果和修复机制三层相连。 39. 答案：F 解析：答案为F。However限制前文为喜剧效果改变表达的自由。station name在这里承担角色去向这一事实功能，F明确应先保持故事事实一致；后文换名称可能使后续场景无法理解，正是违背此边界的后果。 40. 答案：D 解析：答案为D。上文区分翻译失败和部分读者不喜欢，并指出幽默依赖共享习惯。D据此允许保留文化距离；下文说明陌生喜剧风格能让读者接触另一种幽默，最终限定译者不必让所有人在同一处发笑。 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空（41—55） 41. 答案：B 解析：答案为B。secretly指不让妹妹察觉地查看底牌。It depended on remembering one card说明这张牌是方法关键，叙述者又直到后文才发现妹妹早知秘密，因此他此时是在隐蔽操作，而非公开提示答案。 42. 答案：D 解析：答案为D。audience与perform/reveal之后观看者的吸气反应相合，且She left her half-built tower说明她暂停自己的游戏来观看叙述者。后文发现她主动配合，才重估这个观众角色。 43. 答案：A 解析：答案为A。reaction概括上句drew in her breath这一可观察反应。叙述者将吸气解读为惊讶，因而重复表演并变得自信；它又是后来surprised faces were an act所重新解释的同一证据。 44. 答案：C 解析：答案为C。confident承接encouraged me和连续四次被相信的成功；后文得知惊讶是表演才使这种自信受冲击，情绪转折有具体触发点。 45. 答案：B 解析：答案为B。position与exact及near the bottom共同说明牌在牌叠里的特定位置；妹妹不仅捡回掉牌，还准确恢复方法所需次序，这才足以触发How did you know。 46. 答案：A 解析：答案为A。explained表示从未向妹妹说明底牌位置的重要性。叙述者刚见她准确归位而发问，信息缺口是妹妹如何获得未被自己讲授的知识，后文父亲曾教她提供答案。 47. 答案：D 解析：答案为D。answered完成How did you know之后停顿—回答的交际顺序。后句Our father had taught her提供问题所要的信息来源，因此空处不是同意、离开或呼叫。 48. 答案：C 解析：答案为C。immediately说明从第一次看就识破；父亲上一年教过同一方法，妹妹此前每次惊讶都是主动配合，这样all those surprised faces与后文解释才能同时成立。 49. 答案：B 解析：答案为B。act表示有意扮演出来的反应。父亲已教会妹妹且她从一开始认出，叙述者由此推断all those surprised faces不是首次遭遇未知结果的自然反应。 50. 答案：D 解析：答案为D。mocking表达叙述者一瞬间把虚假惊讶理解成嘲弄，nearly accused说明并未实际说出口。看到abandoned tower后，他改读同一行为为妹妹的陪伴，于是交出牌请她表演。 51. 答案：A 解析：答案为A。exchanged与Your turn及后文Ada began对应：原表演者与原观众交换座位，完成角色转换，叙述者随后替妹妹提供耐心的观众反应。 52. 答案：B 解析：答案为B。waited承接忘词后的停顿，并由letting the pause grow into suspense说明等待的方式与效果。叙述者既知秘密却仍给妹妹完整表演空间，回应此前她的配合。 53. 答案：C 解析：答案为C。studied在这里表示仔细观察，与for signs of enjoyment构成明确目的关系。叙述者已知道牌的位置，把注意从揭秘转向妹妹是否开心；后文her grin引发自己的微笑完成这一关注。 54. 答案：D 解析：答案为D。planned说明吸气是故意配合，因为叙述者早已知道牌的位置。与the smile arrived by itself形成有意表演与真实开心的对照，并重现妹妹此前的观众行为。 55. 答案：C 解析：答案为C。entertained概括结尾真实的pleasure：虽然方法已知、惊讶有意表演，共同的游戏仍让叙述者自发微笑，因此愿意再看一轮。 第二节 语法填空（56—65） 56. 答案：of 解析：填of。consist of表示由若干部分组成；upright rods是framework的构成材料，故用of。这里问组成关系，而不是材料的来源或位置。 57. 答案：rod 解析：填rod。every直接限定单数可数名词，后面的contributes也用第三人称单数；因此保留rod的单数形式。语义是每根杆条分别贡献于整体形状。 58. 答案：damaged 解析：填damaged。杆条是过急弯折所损伤的对象，can be后接过去分词构成被动语态；by a sharp bend给出致损原因，因此填damaged。 59. 答案：differently 解析：填differently。空处修饰respond的反应方式，表示不同粗细的杆条对压力反应不同，用副词differently。不同反应也是后半句必须选择适合材料的理由。 60. 答案：whose 解析：填whose。先行词rod与surface之间是所属关系，关系从句中surface已经作主语，空处限定surface，故用whose，表示杆条的表面。 61. 答案：to adjust 解析：填to adjust。enable somebody to do something要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语；maker是调整spacing的施事，因此填to adjust。 62. 答案：pressing 解析：填pressing。involve表示包含某一具体动作时，后接动名词作宾语。pressing继续支配the damp willow，并说明逐渐压弯的操作，因此填pressing。 63. 答案：its 解析：填its。空后outer fibers是名词短语，需要物主限定语；it指上一句the damp willow，用its说明柳条外侧纤维可能在过急弯折时受损。 64. 答案：holding 解析：填holding。thereby表示由前一动作带来的结果，后接现在分词短语，说明把直立杆条弯入篮沿这一做法使边缘连成整体。holding保留对the finished edge的主动支配。 65. 答案：and 解析：填and。both...and...并列its shape与its strength两个名词短语，共同作retain的宾语，表示篮沿同时帮助维持形状和强度，故填and。 第三部分 写作 第一节 应用文写作（66） 66. 答案：见参考范文 解析：本题是向一位明确的摄影师申请有限范围的图片改编许可，任务不是一般邀请或活动建议。申请人、照片标题、展览对象、免费性质、印刷展板用途及具体改动均已给定。第一段建立用途与许可请求；第二段围绕便于辨认闸门展开改动理由，并说明如何保留场景、避免遮挡；第三段将署名和新增内容说明与印前样稿确认衔接起来。would表明改动仍属计划，末句进一步保留摄影师决定是否许可的权利。免费用途不是已有许可；不能把新增标签冒充为原作，也不需要虚构摄影师对原图的评价。范文只申请一块印刷展板的用途，没有擅自扩大为网络传播或永久使用。 参考范文 Dear Ms. Morgan, I am Li Hua, preparing a free school exhibit on canal transport for students and parents. May we adapt your photograph "At the Lock" for one of our printed display panels? To make the details easier to see, we would crop only the empty sky and add labels identifying the two gates. The boat and surrounding water would remain visible, so the picture would retain its context. We would keep the labels off the gates themselves. Your name and the photograph's title would appear below the image, with a note identifying our additions. Could I send you a draft panel for approval before printing? We would use it only with your permission. Best regards, Li Hua 写作指导 称呼、结束语和署名各自独立成段，不计入正文词数。第一段介绍李华负责的免费校园展览、运河运输主题及学生和家长这一受众，并明确申请将指定照片用于一块印刷展板。第二段解释拟裁去空白天空、标出两道闸门的目的：让观众更容易看清相关细节；随后说明保留船只和周围水面，且标签不遮盖闸门，以免破坏照片的场景信息。第三段承诺注明摄影师姓名、作品标题及新增标签，并申请在印刷前发送展板样稿供本人确认，最后明确获准后才使用。用may或could提出请求，用would表达尚未实施的设想。免费教育用途不能自行替代作者许可；不能声称已得到授权、已经印刷或要在网上发布。无需补写闸门工作原理，也不要把文字标签说成摄影师原作的一部分。正文按用途与申请、改动理由与边界、署名与确认三个功能段展开。 第二节 读后续写（67） 67. 答案：见参考续写 解析：原文描写两名学生志愿者为动物收容所更新犬只资料。Nia从开始就明确愿意隔着围栏拍照、不愿牵狗，并提前准备了卡片内容；Jonah却把“做与狗直接接触的部分”当成有效贡献，因而挫伤了她的积极性。问题不是缺少器材、狗不受控制或Nia需要接受勇气考验。可续写方向是让Nia选择自己能承担的实际工作，让Jonah承认并配合这一工作方式，同时保留他熟悉Pip的经验价值。范文第一段中Nia提出隔栏取景并指导站位，Jonah调整位置而没有再次催她入内；第二段两人共同选照片、补充散步细节，并在Pip靠近围栏时继续尊重她的距离要求。她仍会退后，任务却已经推进。参考情节只完成选照片和开始写卡片，没有把后续打印或完全消除恐惧冒充为已发生的结果。 参考续写 After a moment, Nia picked up the camera again. "I can take it from here," she said. "Will you turn a little so Pip faces the light?" Jonah almost asked her to come in again. Instead, he moved sideways, keeping the lead loose but secure. Nia held the lens between two bars of the fence. "Stay there." She waited until Pip looked up, then pressed the button. She checked the screen and took one more picture when his ears lifted. Jonah came to the gate to look at the result. On the screen, Pip stood beside Jonah, his face clear and his tail slightly blurred. "That one," Jonah said. Nia smiled. "I'll use it for his card. What does he enjoy on walks?" Jonah described Pip's interest in fallen leaves. She put down the camera and picked up the pen and Pip's card. When Pip sniffed at the gate, she stepped back, still listening. Jonah drew him gently to his side while Nia began to write. 写作指导 原文已明确Nia不愿牵狗、愿意隔着围栏工作，因此不要把续写写成“终于发现她害怕狗”的秘密揭示，也不必证明Pip温顺就足以消除她的顾虑。冲突是Jonah把直接接触狗视为有效帮忙，忽视了Nia此前准备卡片和主动提出拍照的投入。第一段从Nia再次拿起相机开始，应让她提出自己能够承担的具体工作，Jonah也须作出实际回应。至少有三条合理路径：路径一，Nia隔着围栏的栏杆间隙拍照，指导Jonah调整位置，他牵好Pip并配合；第二段的result指屏幕上的照片。路径二，Nia先查看失败照片、说明构图，再把相机递回去，隔栏指导Jonah重新拍摄；第二段他到门边共同检查新照片。此路须写清相机交接与改进动作，不能突然增加三脚架或定时拍摄功能。路径三，Nia看过照片后提出先完成文字介绍，放下相机，询问散步细节并用既有笔和卡片记录；第一段明确写出记录成果后，第二段result可指卡片内容，照片可留待之后再拍。参考范文只采用路径一：Nia选择隔栏拍摄并发出构图指令，Jonah没有再要求她进去，而是带Pip移动；她先拍一张、查看，再补拍一张。第二段Jonah牵着Pip来到门边看屏幕，双方选定照片，然后由他提供散步信息、她写入卡片。门从原文关闭后一直没有打开，Nia一直在围栏外；相机先由Jonah使用，再递给Nia放到桌上，续写中被她重新拿起，最后放回桌上。牵绳始终在Jonah手里；第二段Pip在门边嗅闻，Nia退后一步，Jonah把狗轻轻引回身边，说明合作没有要求她接触狗。Nia拿起笔和卡片后才退后，因此可继续在手中写；选定的照片仍在相机里，不能写成已打印贴好。第二段On the screen引出的是刚拍出的画面，不是狗此刻又瞬移到院子中间。she始终指Nia；his face、his tail、his ears指Pip，Jonah described Pip's interest直接点明散步兴趣属于Pip；末句him指Pip而his side指Jonah身边。结尾可以保留距离、继续一项小任务；不需要Nia突然抱狗、工作人员作出最终裁决、口号式评价，或宣称恐惧彻底消失。两段新增词数按实际文本计算，给定开头须原样保留且不计入新增词数。 A53 教师解析版 · 第 页 / 共 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $