专题02 阅读理解体裁之应用文与记叙文（复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解应用文与记叙文体裁，依据“命题透视-思维建模-考点精讲-真题溯源”逻辑架构，系统梳理语篇模式及命题角度，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练环节，帮助学生构建解题框架，突破细节理解与推理判断难点。 资料以核心素养为导向，创新采用“知识解构+考向破译”策略，如应用文通过真题例析标题与首段目标读者题，记叙文结合叙事脉络训练逻辑分析能力，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层设计例题与真题演练，确保复习效率，助力教师精准把控节奏，提升学生应考实战能力。

专题02 阅读理解体裁之应用文与记叙文 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年，阅读理解四篇阅读以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 应用文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 记叙文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 应用文 知●识●解●构 应用文的语篇模式与命题角度 “概括—具体” 模式 即 “总—分” 或 “总—分—总”。 命题角度可以分为以下 2类： 1）针对标题或首段考查文章来源或目标读者 [例] 2022 年第二次 A 篇 Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. 1. Who is this passage most probably written for? A. College teachers. B. University graduates. C. High school teachers. D. Would-be college students. 2）针对文章主体部分考查小标题与其细节信息的匹配和理解 [例] 2022年第二次A篇 Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. 2. What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A. Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B. Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C. Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D. Push oneself to an upper level. 在应用文方面，按 “（标题）+首段+段落小标题+细节信息”的阅读习惯，理解标题及首段的写作目的，找到段落小标题下面的具体细节信息，并进行准确理解。 考●向●破●译 （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）Community Fitness Center Member Guide Your membership card grants you access to the Community Fitness Center facilities, including the gym, swimming pool, and group exercise classes. Please present your card at the front desk upon each visit. Keep your card safe and do not allow others to use it. Your membership is valid for the duration stated on your contract. The card remains the property of the Community Fitness Center. New Members-Photo Submission As part of the online registration, please upload a recent, clear headshot photograph. The file must be in JPEG format and under 2 MB in size. The image should be a color portrait, similar to a standard passport photo, and must not be altered by filters or heavy editing. Cards for new members will be available for pickup at the front desk during the orientation week, provided the photo is uploaded online by August 31. Replacing Your Card If your card is damaged, malfunctions, or if your personal information has changed, visit the Member Services Office with your current card to request a free replacement. If your card was stolen and you have filed a police report, bring a copy of the report to the Member Services Office for a free replacement. For lost cards, a £10 replacement fee applies. Please use our online payment system to process the payment. Replacement cards will be ready for collection five business days after your request. For security, you must collect your card in person at the Member Services Office and show valid photo identification. 3．What is the main purpose of the membership card? A．To serve as a form of personal identification. B．To allow entry and use of the center’s amenities. C．To provide details about fitness classes. D．To remind members to follow safety rules. 4．According to the photo requirements, what should a new member upload? A．A black and white photo in PNG format. B．A filtered image for better appearance. C．A color portrait photo meeting the specified standards. D．A scanned copy of their passport photo page. 5．Under which circumstance is the replacement card free? A．The card is lost. B．The card is stolen and a police report is provided. C．The cardholder forgets to bring it. D．The cardholder wants a new design. 6．If a member’s card is lost, what are they required to do? A．Pay a replacement fee online. B．Report the loss to the police immediately. C．Wait for 10 business days for a new card. D．Bring a witness to the Member Services Office. 7．How can a member receive their replacement card? A．Have it mailed to their home address. B．Send a friend to collect it on their behalf C．Collect it in person at the Member Services Office. D．Pick it up at the front desk without showing ID． （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）Categorization of Circular Waste Management Business Models Based on Multiple Case Studies in This Research Company Name WP* WC* WR* ReSOLVE category*** Value Proposition (circular offerings and relationship) Value Capture (cost and revenue (收益)) W4C √ O,L,E Reduce Waste to Landfill offers circular waste management system for corporations (O, L); Sending Your Waste allows individual customers to send their waste to W4C facilities (E). Increase and stabilize revenue with more professional circular waste management solutions for corporate. Octopus √ S,O,L,E Octopus Apps platform makes it easier for waste collectors to contact waste treatment facilities and track their locations; the apps also open the opportunity for the community to share their house’s empty space as waste collection site (S, O, E); Deposit Return System allows a take-back program from producer/ brand to their customers (L). Reduce unnecessary activities in looking for valuable waste material or households that already performed waste separation; reduce waste collection facilities cost but allow additional income for households who are willing to provide their house as a waste collection facility. Siklus √ O,V,E Siklus Apps sell the household products without plastic packaging; they will come to the customer’s house after they order the product through the apps (O, V, E). Reduce plastic packaging cost since buyers will reuse the old one; provide cheaper price product due to large-quantity purchasing from suppliers. Rebricks √ R,O,L Rebricks paving blocks and roster are building materials for yard floor and ventilation (通风) respectively which are made from multi-layered plastic waste that is often rejected to be recycled (R,O,L). Competitive price of final products since the material cost is reduced because it comes from plastic waste not a primary one. Notes: * This column indicates the waste management phase that the company focuses on. There are WP: waste prevention; WC: waste collection; WR: waste reprocessing. * The checklist shows the most relevant phase represented by the company; it is not necessarily the case that the company only works on one waste management phase. ***R: regenerate; S: share; O: optimize (优化); L: loop; V: virtualize; E: exchange 1．How can households earn extra income through Octopus Apps? A．By sorting waste and giving it to waste collectors. B．By collecting and selling old products to producers. C．By offering location information to waste collectors. D．By providing their empty space as waste collection sites. 2．Which two companies mainly focus on the waste collection stage? A．W4C and Siklus. B．Siklus and Rebricks. C．W4C and Octopus. D．Octopus and Rebricks. 3．What is a key feature of Siklus’ products? A．They are quite expensive. B．They are made of waste materials. C．They are sold in physical stores. D．They are free of plastic packaging. 4．Why are Rebricks’ products priced competitively? A．Because they put rejected multi-layer plastic waste into use. B．Because they purchase supplies in large quantities from suppliers. C．Because they use high-quality new raw materials for production. D．Because they adopt recycled metal materials to reduce costs. 5．Where is this passage most probably taken from? A．An academic research paper. B．An industry analysis report. C．A corporate promotion brochure. D．An environmental science journal. （25-26高三上·天津·期末） West Tiger Mountain Difficulty: Super easy Length: 8.2 miles It is the easiest one for Seattleites, the kind you’re in the mood for if you wake up at 11 a.m. but still want to walk through some red cedars (西洋杉). On a clear day, you can even watch parapenting (高山跳伞) launch from the open spot Weyerhaeuser shaved into the shoulder of the mountain in the 1970s. Mount Si Difficulty: Easy Length: 6 miles Even in the middle of winter, even when covered in snow, you can always get up and down this one without fearing for your life. For this and other reasons, the mountain is popular among hikers. But you’d better protect your snacks. The top is full of gray jays. These birds will fly down and take a nut right out of your mouth. Humpback Mountain Difficulty: Hard but short Length: 4 miles If you want to cross a magical fairyland, this one is for you. And because the mountain is hard to find and difficult to climb, you’ll hardly see any people around you on your way. The thin trail winds its way through a thick forest of tall and skinny trees. You’ll need to catch hold of them when the going gets tough, which is almost the whole way. Granite Mountain Difficulty: Plenty hard Length: 8.6 miles In early autumn, the cool air keeps you from overheating on the tough upward path, and the colors of the leaves in the area are so unbeatable that they will impress you greatly. So many people choose to go there in autumn. The rock formations make the grassland look like the ruins of some ancient civilization, or just a cool-looking junkyard reserved for kitchen counters. Taking long walks in these mountains in Seattle is a perfect way to spend a day and it resets the mind and refreshes the soul. 1．What can we learn about the trip in West Tiger Mountain? A．It is tough but magical. B．It is short but adventurous. C．It is safe and economical. D．It is super easy and time-flexible. 2．What should you watch out for in Mount Si? A．Gray jays. B．Snakes. C．Slippery path. D．Steep stairs. 3．Which of the following is least visited by people? A．West Tiger Mountain B．Mount Si. C．Granite Mountain. D．Humpback Mountain. 4．What is special about exploring in Granite Mountain? A．Green grassland. B．Colorful leaves. C．Winding paths. D．Ancient civilization. 5．Who may be interested in this passage? A．Those who like watching parachuting. B．Those who enjoy exploring the world. C．Those who prefer taking daily hikes in Seattle. D．Those who like touring around the countryside. （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末） Pacific Science Center Virtual Fieldtrips Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip directly to your students! Engage them with enriching, curriculum-enhancing content designed to encourage curiosity and inspire learning. PacSci educators join your classroom live from the Curiosity Studio, guiding students through interactive sessions packed with exciting STEAM activities. Each program lasts 40 minutes, with options to adjust the duration to fit your needs. Available Programs Piece of Mind Cost: $300 Maximum Participants: 40 Best for Grades: 6-10 Description: Inspire students with the incredible power of the brain! Learn how the brain controls memory, movement, and sight through interactive activities and fun puzzles. Students will also have the rare opportunity to see a real human brain sample. Stick the Landing Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions) Maximum Participants: 30 Best for Grades: 9-12 Description: Over three sessions, students will use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model Mars lander. Explore past and future missions to Mars while considering practical requirements and limitations. Learn how engineers and other experts work together on challenging space exploration projects. Night Sky Tonight Cost (Varies by Group Size): 1-99 participants: $250 100-199 participants: $350 200+ participants: $550 Maximum Participants: Unlimited Best for Grades: 3-12 Description: Become a backyard astronomer! Learn how Earth’s movement affects what we see in the night sky. Discover how to locate stars and even use the sky to find directions. Ecosystem Investigators Cost: $200 Maximum Participants: 50 Best for Grades: 3-8 Description: Work together to create a digital ecosystem model, exploring how living and non-living elements interact in a water-based environment. Using this knowledge, students will act as wetland scientists to examine real pond samples and study the relationships between organisms. For more details, please refer to our Program Requirements. 1．What is the purpose of the PacSci Virtual Fieldtrips? A．To allow students to conduct independent science research at home. B．To help students develop interest in learning through live interactive activities. C．To introduce the educational programs offered by the Curiosity Studio. D．To enable students to explore space missions and wetland ecosystems online. 2．What can students do in the “Stick the Landing” program? A．Learn how the brain controls memory and movement. B．Explore the connections between living and non-living things. C．Build a model Mars lander and study space missions. D．Identify stars and use the sky to find directions. 3．How much would it cost for a group of 150 students to join the “Night Sky Tonight” program? A．$250. B．$350. C．$500. D．$550. 4．Cooperation is needed in the program ________. A．Piece of Mind B．Stick the Landing C．Night Sky Tonight D．Ecosystem Investigators 5．What is a common feature of all the programs mentioned? A．They are designed for students of all ages. B．They require students to visit the Pacific Science Center. C．They include interactive activities to engage students. D．They are free of charge for educational purposes. （25-26高三上·天津河北·期末） Welcome to the LearningEnglish Course for Students! Our program is designed to help you build strong English skills through a flexible, supportive, and structured learning experience. With over 85,000 students in our “Courses for Student Community”, you’ll join a vibrant network of learners and educators dedicated to growth and success. The course includes self-study modules, interactive community support, live expert-led events, and a practical workbook-all designed to make your English learning journey effective, enjoyable, and rewarding. As you explore innovative approaches to language improvement, you’ll receive practical guidance and encouragement from both instructors and peers. The self-paced modules take approximately 12 hours to complete and are structured as follows: ★Getting Started Module: A 30-minute interactive tutorial that shows learners how to get around the platform and set personal study goals. ★Three Core Modules: Each requiring three hours to complete, featuring two short quizzes and concluding with a practical mini-project. ★Reflection Checklist: A 30-minute guided reflection activity that becomes accessible only after all quizzes and mini-projects have been submitted. ★Certificate of Achievement: Automatically generated upon completion of the reflection checklist, provided the overall score reaches at least 70%. Courses for Student Community Join our official WeChat group to connect with course instructors and fellow learners. This supportive community space enables you to discuss course concepts, seek advice, and share learning experiences with others enrolled in the program. Live Events Participate in live sessions conducted by course tutors and experienced education specialists. If you cannot attend live, recordings are available through our WeChat group, where you can also discuss topics with other learners. These sessions provide valuable learning insights and opportunities to ask questions and exchange ideas. Workbook Document your learning journey with our printable and digital workbook. Use this workbook to record key course content, questions for the community, links to resources and ideas from extra materials or live events. Users have the option to save the workbook online, print it, or adopt a hybrid (混合的) approach that integrates both methods. Ready to get fluent? We’ve got everything you need to help you get there! 1．What makes this English course beneficial to students? A．Organising live events daily. B．Providing free learning resources. C．Helping students pass exams quickly. D．Providing all-round assistance to learners. 2．What is a must for the certificate? A．Submission of a printed workbook. B．Achievement of a graded standard. C．Completion of a 12-hour project. D．Approval from the support team. 3．How does the WeChat group support the course? A．By selling extra workbooks. B．By replacing the live events. C．By enabling peer interaction. D．By offering technical support. 4．Why are recordings of the live sessions provided? A．To replace the course workbook. B．To assist those unable to make it. C．To shorten the duration of modules. D．To help students pass exams quickly. 5．How is the workbook designed to support: learning? A．By sticking to the digital version. B．By helping record key information. C．By replacing live event participation. D．By requiring a printed copy for records. 考点二 记叙文 知●识●解●构 记叙文的语篇模式与命题角度 1）叙事模式， 开端—发展—高潮—结局—(主题升华) 2）非传统叙事模式， 引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题 命题角度 以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，命题顺序一般按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。 1）叙事模式： 开端—发展—高潮—结局—(主题升华) 例如2022年第一次的B篇 第一段 I work at Pearson, the largest and busiest airport in Canada. I am one of the faces of Toronto that welcome millions of air travellers from all over the world. My daily work is helping connecting (转乘) passengers, for example, answering their questions about the boarding gate or departure time. 1. What does the author’s job involve? A. Cleaning the lounge. B. Helping book hotels. C. Providing information. D. Selling food and drinks. 第二段Emotions can run high and the lounge is like a pressure cooker. Of course, connecting passengers don’t want to miss their flights. They are usually in a hurry. They are stressed out. You see, a lot of them are travel­ling for pleasure and going to places like Miami Beach and Yellowstone Park. But now they are out of breath and sweating. Some shout angrily, some are even in tears. They don’t seem to be having any fun at all. 2. The lounge is like a pressure cooker because connecting passengers ___. A. are under social pressure B. are anxious about missing their flights C. are pleased with the airport staff D. are in high spirits after their journeys 第三段 That is when it is time for empathy. We put ourselves in the passen­gers’ shoes and help them as much as we can. If we see the elderly trying to catch their planes but walking at a snail’s pace, we find a wheelchair for them immediately. When a plane is leaving in 15 minutes and the door is closing, what else can we suggest but: “Run! Run!” A few times, I have run with passengers to their boarding gate. It's a race against time. 3.What does the underlined word “empathy” probably mean? A. Understanding others’ feelings. B. Following the passengers’ steps. C. Recalling the memories of the trips. D. Avoiding giving unwise suggestions. 第四段Since passengers are just passing through, our interactions are brief. I say “Ni hao” to the Chinese and “Hola” to the Spanish. A simple greeting in their mother tongue can guarantee a smile from a total stranger and a tired traveller. Once, a young woman, who was on her way to visit her fami­ly in South Africa, told me she was expecting her first baby. I offered my congratulations and good luck. 4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A. Smile is no guarantee of quality service. B. Kindness does not always pay off. C. Friendly interactions light up the day. D. Travellers need to know a second language. 以上三题实际上是涉及作者在工作中遇到的问题及解决问题的正确方式，即故事的发展和高潮。 最后一段To all, I wish a pleasant trip, to groups off for a family wedding in Sin­gapore, to seniors travelling to Rome for holiday, to children off to Disney World in Orlando...the airport is not a dull place. All kinds of human emo­tions are on display: sad (tearful goodbyes), happy (family get-togethers), anxious (waiting in a long line) and upset (missing a flight). Sometimes I think no matter where we come from, what colour our eyes, hair and skin, we are here to show our understanding and help. We are family. 5.The author says “the airport is not a dull place” because at the airport _____. A. family relations are strengthened B. customs of the world are on display C. there are recreational facilities for children D. moments of people’s life are experienced 此题是对主题的升华。 2）非传统叙事模式 引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题， 例如第二次B篇， 首段I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. 开门见山直接引出主题。 6. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Pride comes before a fall. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D. Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。 7. What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？ 8. What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according to Paragraph 3? 解释和论证主题 9. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus? 10. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill? 在举例论证的基础上，作者找到了自尊的获得方法，进一步深化和呼应了开头段引出的主题。 在记叙文方面，要根据语篇模式，理清事件的起因、经过和结果，弄清人物之间的关系，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而揣测文章的写作意图和情感主线，准确理解细节信息。 考●向●破●译 （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）The door handle of La Dilettante was dead cold. It was January in Burgundy, and no one had touched it all day. A board in the window read “Closed”. “Are you kidding me?” my husband shouted. Normally, he’s very reasonable. A lawyer by trade, he can keep cool when most wouldn’t. But a closed restaurant that should be open? A major injustice. I felt for him. He’d spent weeks researching restaurants for our trip, and La Dilettante was on his “can’t-miss” list. He was already searching his phone for another restaurant. I recognized the silence growing between us. This was the calm before a where-should-we-eat storm. “Let’s just go here,” I pointed to the restaurant next door, certain he’d say no. “Fine. Whatever.” I couldn’t believe he agreed. I noted “quickly suggest the restaurant next door” in my brain as a workable conflict-resolution strategy and opened the door to Cafe de France. The room was filled with men in paint-splattered overalls (工装裤), all watching us with curiosity. Their look said, “Americans? Really?” Just as we were about to leave, a large woman gestured for us to follow her. She seated us at a small table with a cheap tablecloth. I looked at my husband. “Do you want to go?” I asked. “No, let’s see the menu.” A waiter came with a large bowl. “We didn’t order this,” I said. “We don’t take orders,” he replied, walking away. “Let’s leave,” I suggested. “No,” my husband said. We looked in the bowl: a delicious-looking French salad with lardons (厚片肥成肉) and a perfectly soft-boiled egg. I gave my husband a knowing smile as the waiter poured us some wine. We ate the salad, and two more dishes arrived: roast chicken with crispy skin and fries. Then came the cheese, all local and perfect. We relaxed into our chairs, amazed. As we were leaving, I saw a sign behind the bar. It read “You’re in the right place” in French. 1．How did the author’s husband react to the closed restaurant at the beginning? A．He remained calm. B．He shouted at the author. C．He became extremely angry. D．He regretted choosing the restaurant. 2．What did the author do to avoid the upcoming conflict? A．Quickly searched for another restaurant. B．Suggested the neighboring cafe. C．Let her husband make the decision. D．Changed the topic of conversation. 3．What made the couple decide to stay at Cafe de France? A．The friendly local customers. B．The owner’s warm invitation. C．The attractive menu options. D．The appearance of the salad. 4．What is the main theme of the text? A．The value of careful planning for trips. B．Cultural differences between countries. C．Joys discovered in unplanned moments. D．The role food plays in cultural exchange. 5．What does the sign “You’re in the right place” imply? A．The unexpected choice turned out to be a perfect one. B．The couple had been looking for this specific cafe. C．The cafe provides professional navigation services. D．The cafe was the only one open in the neighborhood. （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）When I was ten, my family moved to a small house on the edge of town. Behind the house was an abandoned garden, overgrown with weeds and bushes. To me, it looked like a jungle, messy and wild. My father, however, saw it differently. “This,” he said with a smile, “is where we’ll grow something beautiful.” At first, I didn’t believe him. The garden seemed hopeless. But my father handed me a pair of gloves and a small tool. “Let’s start small,” he said. With some hesitation, I followed him outside, where we spent hours pulling weeds, turning the soil, and clearing the rocks. My hands hurt, and the summer sun was very hot, but my father never complained. “Gardens,” he said, “are like people. They just need a little care to grow.” As the weeks passed, I began to see the changes. The soil became soft and rich, and we planted seeds—tiny things that looked like they could never survive. But my father was patient. Every morning, we watered the garden together, watching and waiting. Slowly, green shoots began to appear, reaching for the sky. It was magical, as if life itself were unfolding before my eyes. The garden, once lifeless, began to come alive again, and so did I. One day, a big storm rolled in. The wind roared, and the rain hit hard against the windows. I worried about the garden, but my father reassured me. “The plants are stronger than you think,” he said. The morning after the storm, I ran outside, expecting to find the garden ruined. Instead, I saw the plants standing tall, shining with drops of water. They had made it through the storm, just as my father had said. By the end of summer, the garden was full of life—bright flowers, leafy greens, and even a few tomatoes. My father and I stood together, admiring our work. “You see,” he said, “it’s not just about the garden. It’s about what you learn along the way—patience, strength, and the joy of creating something with your own hands.” Years later, I still remember that little garden. Whenever life feels difficult, I think of those tiny seeds and the way they grew, even when it seemed impossible. And I remind myself that, like the garden, I can grow too—with a little care and a lot of patience. The lessons from that summer remain with me, helping me face challenges and reminding me of the beauty in hard work. 1．What does the father’s reaction to the garden reveal about his personality? A．He tends to avoid difficult situations. B．He focuses on quick results rather than long-term effort. C．He feels doubtful about fixing the garden. D．He sees potential in challenging circumstances. 2．Why did the author hesitate to help their father at first? A．The author thought the garden was beyond saving. B．The author lacked experience in gardening. C．The author was worried about the physical effort required. D．The author preferred spending time indoors. 3．Why does the author describe the garden as “coming alive again” in Paragraph 3? A．The garden began to grow without their help. B．The author started to see signs of life in the garden. C．The garden returned to its original condition. D．The author felt discouraged by the slow progress. 4．What does the underlined word “roared” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Spoke in a soft voice. B．Made a loud sound. C．Moved quietly. D．Shook slightly. 5．What is the author’s key takeaway from the gardening experience? A．Nature is unpredictable and uncontrollable. B．Teamwork matters most for reaching goals. C．Success depends entirely on favorable conditions. D．Personal growth comes from consistent care and effort. （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）‌“I don’t need a cane (拐杖)!” I shouted. ‌“I have been walking perfectly well for the past 37 years without a cane, why would I want to change now?” ‌“Because it will make walking so much easier,” replied Emma, with a smile. Admittedly, I knew my law partner was partly right. Born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), my walking was a bit awkward, and at times, I found that the extra energy needed to move forward made me tired. I knew my hiking pole enabled me to walk further, longer and faster, but that was in the forest where few people saw me use this ‌“help” for my disability. Being in public was a different story — I wasn’t going to give my disability more concessions than necessary. Using such help in public meant weakness, and I refused to look weak. Emma’s soft voice broke my thoughts again: ‌“If you use a cane, you might walk smoother... that would look nice.” I was tired of this talk, but Emma kept trying, convinced that her subject would finally break down if pushed hard enough. I couldn’t figure out a way to get her to stop this discussion so I agreed to try it for a month. My logic was simple: once I try it, I can easily say, ‌“Tried it, didn’t work, leave me alone.” Within hours, she dragged me down to Main Street’s antique stores to find a ‌“right” cane. We found nothing elegant, but got a simple wooden one. It was the same dark red as my shoes, so I decided it was okay. After all, I was only going to use it for a month. The following day, as I started using it, the results immediately amazed me. While walking got a little better, and tripping over (绊倒) the cane as I worked at learning to use it drove me crazy, I found the effect on people’s attitudes had magical qualities. Given the awkwardness of my cerebral palsy, some drivers shouted at me, teens called me bad names, and clerks ignored me. At night, women crossed the street to avoid contact. But now, store clerks smiled and said, ‌“Can I help you?” Rude words were gone. The most shocking change was the nighttime sidewalk passing of strangers. Instead of avoidance, a more common response became a smile and a friendly ‌“Good evening.” The one-month trial period came and went. A couple of decades later, I’m still using the cane. The paint is worn off, but it still gets the same results. My walking pattern is the same, still not well-balanced, but I’m always surprised by how people treat me now. Despite the acknowledgement that I’m using a cane, it doesn’t bother me. After all, it is nice to have someone smile, open the door for me and not call me a ‌“drunk idiot”. Perhaps Emma knew a bit more about magic than I gave her credit for. 1．Why did the writer initially refuse to use a cane in public? A．He thought using a cane would make his disability noticeable. B．He believed a cane would actually slow down his walking speed. C．He was afraid that others would laugh at the way his cane looked. D．He considered canes to be medically unnecessary in his case. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word ‌“concessions” in Paragraph 2? A．Excuses. B．Compromises. C．Attention. D．Solutions. 3．What made the writer finally agree to try the cane? A．He found a cane matching his shoes. B．He wanted to end Emma’s insistence. C．His hiking pole was lost in the forest. D．He felt too tired to walk without help. 4．What surprised the writer most after he started using the cane? A．His walking became perfectly balanced. B．People’s attitudes towards him changed. C．Emma’s prediction proved completely accurate. D．His mastery of the cane was rapid and complete. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How I Overcame My Fear of Looking Weak B．A Stubborn Patient’s Fight Against Disability C．My Law Partner Emma and Her Magic Cane D．How a Simple Cane Taught Me to Embrace Help （25-26高三上·天津红桥·月考）In the early years of World War II, when Jane Goodall was around six years old, she was often woken up from her sleep by the blare of air-raid sirens (防空警报). The sound warned that Nazi planes were flying over the town. Her younger sister Judy would be up like a shot, bounding down the stairs to the bomb shelter. But Goodall refused to move. “I didn’t want to leave my bed,” she says. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes.” Eight decades later, Goodall is standing in the living room of the same house. A camera crew moved between rooms in search of furniture to take to the garden for a photograph. Goodall, though, is still, arms crossed and eyebrows raised. Her voice cuts through the commotion (喧闹). Speaking softly yet with firmness she suggests the crew try her preferred location: her attic bedroom. She exhibits the same stubbornness as the girl who clung to her bed in wartime, then leads the group upstairs, victorious. Goodall’s quiet determination has powered her through a lifetime of waiting for others to come around. In 1960, at 26, she sat for months in the forests of Tanzania, waiting for the local chimpanzees to accept her presence so that she would have the opportunity to observe them up close. When she finally succeeded in doing so, she made the remarkable discovery that they were able to use tools, a discovery that would transform our understanding of the relationship between humans and animals, earning her global fame in the process. In 1962, while pursuing her Ph. D．at the University of Cambridge, Goodall was criticized by her professors for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Her response? “I didn’t confront them. I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right,” she recalls. Although she learned to describe her observations in more scientific language, her belief that chimps are intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for much tighter restrictions on their use in lab testing. After Goodall shifted from research to activism in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a fringe activity (边缘活动). Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her repertoire: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 1．Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall _________. A．was very clever since she was a little girl B．remained calm even under wartime conditions C．was very determined to do what she thought was right D．respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 2．According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A．She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. B．She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania C．Her unique way of observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. D．The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. 3．The underlined word “confront” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________. A．ignore B．satisfy C．believe in D．argue with 4．After Goodall shifted from research to activism, she would try to _________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A．tell amazing stories B．set them a good example C．share her feelings with them D．teach them to think for themselves 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．A New Discovery of Animals B．The Confrontation to a New Discovery C．The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall D．Jane Goodall: an everlasting legend （25-26高三上·天津武清·月考）In the 1980s, I lived in a Victorian triple close to Ottawa’s Chinatown. My days were spent hunched over an IKEA desk, reading, taking notes and writing for a master’s degree. Mostly, I persevered through all distractions, fully absorbed in what I was learning. But on warm summer days, I would bring my notecards to Dundonald Park. It was there that I first encountered Tai Chi. Men and women would gather, in loose formation, and begin to move with slow thoughtful deliberation, in unison. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative dance, and it soothed me just to watch. There was a beauty and grace to their sessions that resembled a time-lapse video of a water lily opening. Tai Chi was mesmerizing but I couldn’t see its point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and it didn’t seem that moving so slowly would do much to tone muscle, my Jane Fonda — inspired objective for all activity. I chose only to admire this martial art as it was practiced by others, and kept my distance. But Tai Chi stayed with me — a seed planted. And amazingly, decades later, the necessary conditions for flowering have emerged. More time — thanks to retirement — coupled with a recommendation from my doctor have brought me full circle, only this time I am not on the park bench watching, but inside the formation, literally stumbling toward growth. I had some false starts at the outset. The first group I joined was led by a caring instructor, but its late afternoon timing and its setting — a windowless church basement — left me inspired. After learning the first eight steps, I took a break and never returned. The second try, six months later, was more successful. I found a morning class in a much brighter space — and the tiny seedling began to push through the soil. Naively, I had thought that my goal would be to master the choreography of the 108 movements that form the basis of Tai Chi. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. Rather, I quickly learned, what required mastering were my own personality traits. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next or what the names of the moves were. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right: commit and improve — that was the only path. Oh, and one more thing: I needed to listen-another skill where I lacked proficiency. This realization came to me powerfully in my first master class. I had travelled to a Tai Chi centre for a two-hour session with a well-known instructor. I was excited and nervous. There were people from all over Canada, and I was a newbie compared to almost everyone there. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the teacher singled me out for instruction. To be singled out is an honour, but I was mortified. As is required, all the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me (so that they could learn, too) while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t lean back,” he said, and I repeated the movement. “Still leaning back,” he observed laconically, and on it went-probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed an eternity. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. In those seconds, I concentrated as I had never done before, listening intently to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was simultaneously unlearning and learning, crowding out any self-consciousness to focus. As I corrected, my emotion shifted from embarrassment to exhilaration. I realized that I was learning not just a new step but a new way of being in the world — truly listening, open to correction, deeply vulnerable. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my seventh decade where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. Gradually, I have become that lily unfolding, awoken not by sunlight and warmth but by this gentle martial art. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Tai Chi? A．It is pleasant to the eyes but not of much use. B．It can help the author achieve her fitness goals. C．It helps with physical health. D．It is difficult to author. 2．The author realized mastering Tai Chi requires . A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What is the meaning of the “mortified”? A．angry B．confused C．disappointed D．embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to instructions? A．She chose to quit immediately. B．She followed attentively. C．She displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following concluded author’s experience? A．Tai Chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai Chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai Chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai Chi facilitates people’s relationship. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 （2025年3月·天津卷） Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel AwardThe award is for the best novel manuscript (原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers AwardThe DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction CompetitionWriters are invited to “envision (展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction CompetitionNew Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1．How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A．Up to 300. B．2,500 to 5,000. C．15,000 to 20,000. D．At least 50,000. 2．The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A．it awards money prizes B．it offers a free writing course C．it accepts non-fiction entries D．it publishes winning stories online 3．Which competition involves donation to young writers? A．The Caledonia Novel Award. B．New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C．Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D．The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4．What do the four competitions have in common? A．Entries must not be previously published. B．They all fund low-income writers. C．All competitions are entry free. D．Participants should write on particular themes. I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 1．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 2．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. （2025年6月·天津卷） Welcome to our university’s Botanic Garden — plan your visit, and find out about what we do! You can either pay at the Ticket Office on arrival, or book your tickets online. Please note: Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non- refundable (不可退款的). Guidelines for Visitors The Garden is an active research facility and a living museum with a collection of over 8,000 plants. Please bear in mind some simple rules for your visit: Only trained working dogs are permitted to enter the Garden. Children must stay with a grown-up at all times. Stick strictly to the paths and lawns (草坪). Do not climb the trees. Please do not pick any part of a growing plant. Cycling and ball games are not permitted in the Garden. Guided Tours in the Garden With over 8,000 plant species and a wonderful range of gardens and plantings to enjoy, there is something for everyone at the Garden, and many different aspects to appeal to a wide variety of interest groups. ◆ Free Drop-in Weekend Tours Enjoy a free-of-charge Garden tour with one of our expert guides, taking in the seasonal highlights of the Garden. Our weekend tours are available every Sunday at 11:30 a. m. and 2p. m. throughout the year. During the months of January and February these tours focus on the Winter Garden, Snowdrops and general winter interest. The free tours last one hour and start from the Fountain, near the MainLawn. Group Tours Our experienced volunteer guides will help you enjoy the highlights and provide some of the background history and development of this amazing garden. These 90-minute, pre-bookable tours are ideal for adult groups wishing to make the most of their visit to our 40-acre site. Please visit the Group Guided Tours page for more details. 1．What should a potential visitor take note of before booking a ticket to the Garden? A．Whether one can afford the visit. B．Whether the Garden website is accessible. C．Whether one can accept the ticket-booking policy. D．Whether the tickets are still available at the Ticket Office. 2．A kid is allowed to visit the Garden when they are . A．well trained B．with a bicycle C．accompanied by an adult D．guided by their working dog 3．What behaviour is acceptable in the Garden? A．Picking a flower. B．Climbing a tree. C．Playing a ball game. D．Walking on the lawns. 4．Where do the free drop-in weekend tours start? A．Snowdrops. B．The Fountain. C．The Main Lawn. D．The Winter Garden. 5．What special service can visitors enjoy on the group tour? A．The company of professional guides. B．The explanation of how the Garden works. C．The extended visit in and around the Garden. D．The introduction to the birth and growth of the Garden. My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 1．What did the author’s mother teach her to do? A．To sew and create miniatures. B．To add imaginary figures to the dollhouse. C．To make up fairy tales set in the dollhouse. D．To do oil paintings and glue them onto the little walls. 2．Why did the author decide to update the dollhouse decades later? A．She intended to follow the trend on social media. B．She was eager to start a new career as a toy designer. C．She felt the urge to compete with other dollhouse makers. D．She was inspired by people sharing their dollhouses online. 3．What did the author learn about dollhouses from the audiobooks? A．They were initially created for play. B．People once sought comfort in them. C．Rich people sold them for money during difficult times. D．A uniform standard for their production was set in 1945. 4．What role did the dollhouse play in strengthening the emotional ties between the author and her aging mother? A．A reminder of their childhood dreams. B．A mirror of the eventful family history. C．A tool to bring back good old memories. D．A means to improve her mother’s memory. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B．Growing up with the Dollhouse C．The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D．Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 1．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 2．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 3．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 4．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 5．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 1．Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B．To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C．To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D．To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 2．What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A．Broader science education. B．More advanced facilities for experiments. C．Deeper understanding of the brain power. D．More investment in next-generation scientists. 3．How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A．They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B．They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C．They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D．They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 4．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 5．What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A．Correct ideas are testable. B．Untestable ideas can be true. C．Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D．An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解体裁之应用文与记叙文 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年，阅读理解四篇阅读以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 应用文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 记叙文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 应用文 知●识●解●构 应用文的语篇模式与命题角度 “概括—具体” 模式 即 “总—分” 或 “总—分—总”。 命题角度可以分为以下 2类： 1）针对标题或首段考查文章来源或目标读者 [例] 2022 年第二次 A 篇 Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it’s the first time they’re living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. 1. Who is this passage most probably written for? A. College teachers. B. University graduates. C. High school teachers. D. Would-be college students. 2）针对文章主体部分考查小标题与其细节信息的匹配和理解 [例] 2022年第二次A篇 Goal setting When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. 2. What is the author’s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A. Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B. Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C. Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D. Push oneself to an upper level. 在应用文方面，按 “（标题）+首段+段落小标题+细节信息”的阅读习惯，理解标题及首段的写作目的，找到段落小标题下面的具体细节信息，并进行准确理解。 考●向●破●译 （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）Community Fitness Center Member Guide Your membership card grants you access to the Community Fitness Center facilities, including the gym, swimming pool, and group exercise classes. Please present your card at the front desk upon each visit. Keep your card safe and do not allow others to use it. Your membership is valid for the duration stated on your contract. The card remains the property of the Community Fitness Center. New Members-Photo Submission As part of the online registration, please upload a recent, clear headshot photograph. The file must be in JPEG format and under 2 MB in size. The image should be a color portrait, similar to a standard passport photo, and must not be altered by filters or heavy editing. Cards for new members will be available for pickup at the front desk during the orientation week, provided the photo is uploaded online by August 31. Replacing Your Card If your card is damaged, malfunctions, or if your personal information has changed, visit the Member Services Office with your current card to request a free replacement. If your card was stolen and you have filed a police report, bring a copy of the report to the Member Services Office for a free replacement. For lost cards, a £10 replacement fee applies. Please use our online payment system to process the payment. Replacement cards will be ready for collection five business days after your request. For security, you must collect your card in person at the Member Services Office and show valid photo identification. 3．What is the main purpose of the membership card? A．To serve as a form of personal identification. B．To allow entry and use of the center’s amenities. C．To provide details about fitness classes. D．To remind members to follow safety rules. 4．According to the photo requirements, what should a new member upload? A．A black and white photo in PNG format. B．A filtered image for better appearance. C．A color portrait photo meeting the specified standards. D．A scanned copy of their passport photo page. 5．Under which circumstance is the replacement card free? A．The card is lost. B．The card is stolen and a police report is provided. C．The cardholder forgets to bring it. D．The cardholder wants a new design. 6．If a member’s card is lost, what are they required to do? A．Pay a replacement fee online. B．Report the loss to the police immediately. C．Wait for 10 business days for a new card. D．Bring a witness to the Member Services Office. 7．How can a member receive their replacement card? A．Have it mailed to their home address. B．Send a friend to collect it on their behalf C．Collect it in person at the Member Services Office. D．Pick it up at the front desk without showing ID． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍社区健身中心会员卡的使用、新会员照片要求、补卡条件、费用及领取方式，为会员提供使用指南。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Your membership card grants you access to the Community Fitness Center facilities, including the gym, swimming pool, and group exercise classes.(您的会员卡可让您进入社区健身中心使用设施，包括健身房、游泳池和团体健身课。)”可知，会员卡的主要用途是允许进入并使用中心的设施。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据New Members-Photo Submission中“The image should be a color portrait, similar to a standard passport photo, and must not be altered by filters or heavy editing.(照片应为彩色肖像照，类似标准护照照片，不得使用滤镜或过度修图。)”可知，新会员需要上传符合指定标准的彩色肖像照。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Replacing Your Card中“If your card was stolen and you have filed a police report, bring a copy of the report to the Member Services Office for a free replacement.(如果您的卡被盗且已报案，携带报案记录副本到会员服务办公室可免费补办。)”可知，卡被盗且提供警方报告时可免费补办。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据Replacing Your Card中“For lost cards, a £10 replacement fee applies. Please use our online payment system to process the payment.(卡丢失需支付10英镑补办费，请使用我们的在线支付系统缴费。)”可知，卡丢失需要在线支付补办费用。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据Replacing Your Card中“For security, you must collect your card in person at the Member Services Office and show valid photo identification.(为安全起见，您必须亲自到会员服务办公室取卡并出示有效带照片的身份证件。)”可知，会员必须亲自去会员服务办公室领取补办卡。故选C项。 （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）Categorization of Circular Waste Management Business Models Based on Multiple Case Studies in This Research Company Name WP* WC* WR* ReSOLVE category*** Value Proposition (circular offerings and relationship) Value Capture (cost and revenue (收益)) W4C √ O,L,E Reduce Waste to Landfill offers circular waste management system for corporations (O, L); Sending Your Waste allows individual customers to send their waste to W4C facilities (E). Increase and stabilize revenue with more professional circular waste management solutions for corporate. Octopus √ S,O,L,E Octopus Apps platform makes it easier for waste collectors to contact waste treatment facilities and track their locations; the apps also open the opportunity for the community to share their house’s empty space as waste collection site (S, O, E); Deposit Return System allows a take-back program from producer/ brand to their customers (L). Reduce unnecessary activities in looking for valuable waste material or households that already performed waste separation; reduce waste collection facilities cost but allow additional income for households who are willing to provide their house as a waste collection facility. Siklus √ O,V,E Siklus Apps sell the household products without plastic packaging; they will come to the customer’s house after they order the product through the apps (O, V, E). Reduce plastic packaging cost since buyers will reuse the old one; provide cheaper price product due to large-quantity purchasing from suppliers. Rebricks √ R,O,L Rebricks paving blocks and roster are building materials for yard floor and ventilation (通风) respectively which are made from multi-layered plastic waste that is often rejected to be recycled (R,O,L). Competitive price of final products since the material cost is reduced because it comes from plastic waste not a primary one. Notes: * This column indicates the waste management phase that the company focuses on. There are WP: waste prevention; WC: waste collection; WR: waste reprocessing. * The checklist shows the most relevant phase represented by the company; it is not necessarily the case that the company only works on one waste management phase. ***R: regenerate; S: share; O: optimize (优化); L: loop; V: virtualize; E: exchange 1．How can households earn extra income through Octopus Apps? A．By sorting waste and giving it to waste collectors. B．By collecting and selling old products to producers. C．By offering location information to waste collectors. D．By providing their empty space as waste collection sites. 2．Which two companies mainly focus on the waste collection stage? A．W4C and Siklus. B．Siklus and Rebricks. C．W4C and Octopus. D．Octopus and Rebricks. 3．What is a key feature of Siklus’ products? A．They are quite expensive. B．They are made of waste materials. C．They are sold in physical stores. D．They are free of plastic packaging. 4．Why are Rebricks’ products priced competitively? A．Because they put rejected multi-layer plastic waste into use. B．Because they purchase supplies in large quantities from suppliers. C．Because they use high-quality new raw materials for production. D．Because they adopt recycled metal materials to reduce costs. 5．Where is this passage most probably taken from? A．An academic research paper. B．An industry analysis report. C．A corporate promotion brochure. D．An environmental science journal. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了基于多项案例研究的循环废物管理商业模式分类，具体列举了四家不同公司在废物管理各阶段的特点、价值主张及价值捕获方式。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中Octopus部分“the apps also open the opportunity for the community to share their house’s empty space as waste collection site (S, O, E) (该应用程序还为社区提供了机会，将房屋的空置空间共享为废物收集点)”可知，家庭可以通过在Octopus应用程序上提供空置空间作为废物收集点来赚取额外收入。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据表格中W4C部分对“WC(废物收集)”和Octopus部分对“WC(废物收集)”的勾选可知，W4C和Octopus这两家公司主要关注废物收集阶段。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据表格中Siklus部分“Siklus Apps sell the household products without plastic packaging (Siklus应用程序出售无塑料包装的家庭产品)”可知，Siklus产品的关键特点是无塑料包装。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据表格中Rebricks部分“Rebricks paving blocks and roster are building materials for yard floor and ventilation (通风) respectively which are made from multi-layered plastic waste that is often rejected to be recycled (R,O,L).(再生砖铺路块和通风格栅分别是用于庭院地面和通风系统的建筑材料，它们由多层塑料废弃物制成，而这些废弃物通常因被视为难以回收(例如被归为R、O、L类废料)而遭弃置)”和“Competitive price of final products since the material cost is reduced because it comes from plastic waste not a primary one.(最终产品价格具有竞争力，因为材料成本降低，因为它来自塑料垃圾而不是原材料)”可知，Rebricks的产品价格具有竞争力是因为它们使用了被拒绝回收的多层塑料垃圾，降低了材料成本。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Categorization of Circular Waste Management Business Models Based on Multiple Case Studies in This Research”（基于本研究中多个案例研究的循环废物管理商业模型分类）及表格中研究导向的术语（如“case studies”“value proposition”），可推知内容源自系统性学术研究。故选A。 （25-26高三上·天津·期末） West Tiger Mountain Difficulty: Super easy Length: 8.2 miles It is the easiest one for Seattleites, the kind you’re in the mood for if you wake up at 11 a.m. but still want to walk through some red cedars (西洋杉). On a clear day, you can even watch parapenting (高山跳伞) launch from the open spot Weyerhaeuser shaved into the shoulder of the mountain in the 1970s. Mount Si Difficulty: Easy Length: 6 miles Even in the middle of winter, even when covered in snow, you can always get up and down this one without fearing for your life. For this and other reasons, the mountain is popular among hikers. But you’d better protect your snacks. The top is full of gray jays. These birds will fly down and take a nut right out of your mouth. Humpback Mountain Difficulty: Hard but short Length: 4 miles If you want to cross a magical fairyland, this one is for you. And because the mountain is hard to find and difficult to climb, you’ll hardly see any people around you on your way. The thin trail winds its way through a thick forest of tall and skinny trees. You’ll need to catch hold of them when the going gets tough, which is almost the whole way. Granite Mountain Difficulty: Plenty hard Length: 8.6 miles In early autumn, the cool air keeps you from overheating on the tough upward path, and the colors of the leaves in the area are so unbeatable that they will impress you greatly. So many people choose to go there in autumn. The rock formations make the grassland look like the ruins of some ancient civilization, or just a cool-looking junkyard reserved for kitchen counters. Taking long walks in these mountains in Seattle is a perfect way to spend a day and it resets the mind and refreshes the soul. 1．What can we learn about the trip in West Tiger Mountain? A．It is tough but magical. B．It is short but adventurous. C．It is safe and economical. D．It is super easy and time-flexible. 2．What should you watch out for in Mount Si? A．Gray jays. B．Snakes. C．Slippery path. D．Steep stairs. 3．Which of the following is least visited by people? A．West Tiger Mountain B．Mount Si. C．Granite Mountain. D．Humpback Mountain. 4．What is special about exploring in Granite Mountain? A．Green grassland. B．Colorful leaves. C．Winding paths. D．Ancient civilization. 5．Who may be interested in this passage? A．Those who like watching parachuting. B．Those who enjoy exploring the world. C．Those who prefer taking daily hikes in Seattle. D．Those who like touring around the countryside. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了西雅图四座不同难度和特色的山的徒步旅行信息。 1．细节理解题。根据West Tiger Mountain部分“Difficulty: Super easy(难度：超级简单)”和“It is the easiest one for Seattleites, the kind you’re in the mood for if you wake up at 11 a.m. but still want to walk through some red cedars (西洋杉).(对于西雅图人来说，这是最简单的一条路线，如果你早上11点醒来，但仍然想穿过一些红杉树，这条路线就是你想走的。)”可知，West Tiger Mountain的徒步旅行超级简单，时间灵活。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Mount Si部分“But you’d better protect your snacks. The top is full of gray jays. These birds will fly down and take a nut right out of your mouth.(但你最好保护好你的零食。山顶上到处都是灰松鸦。这些鸟会飞下来，直接从你嘴里叼走坚果。)”可知，在Mount Si徒步旅行时，要小心灰松鸦。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据Humpback Mountain部分“And because the mountain is hard to find and difficult to climb, you’ll hardly see any people around you on your way.(而且因为这座山很难找到，也很难攀登，在攀登途中你几乎看不到周围有任何其他人。)”可知，Humpback Mountain几乎看不到人，说明它是最少被人们访问的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据Granite Mountain部分“In early autumn, the cool air keeps you from overheating on the tough upward path, and the colors of the leaves in the area are so unbeatable that they will impress you greatly.(初秋时节，凉爽的空气让你在艰难的上坡路上不会过热，而该地区树叶的颜色美不胜收，会给你留下深刻的印象。)”可知，探索Granite Mountain的特别之处在于树叶色彩斑斓。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Taking long walks in these mountains in Seattle is a perfect way to spend a day and it resets the mind and refreshes the soul.(在西雅图的这些山里长时间散步是度过一天的最佳方式，它能让人心旷神怡，精神焕发。)”可知，文章主要介绍了西雅图四座不同难度和特色的山的徒步旅行信息，那些喜欢在西雅图进行日常徒步旅行的人可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选C。 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末） Pacific Science Center Virtual Fieldtrips Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip directly to your students! Engage them with enriching, curriculum-enhancing content designed to encourage curiosity and inspire learning. PacSci educators join your classroom live from the Curiosity Studio, guiding students through interactive sessions packed with exciting STEAM activities. Each program lasts 40 minutes, with options to adjust the duration to fit your needs. Available Programs Piece of Mind Cost: $300 Maximum Participants: 40 Best for Grades: 6-10 Description: Inspire students with the incredible power of the brain! Learn how the brain controls memory, movement, and sight through interactive activities and fun puzzles. Students will also have the rare opportunity to see a real human brain sample. Stick the Landing Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions) Maximum Participants: 30 Best for Grades: 9-12 Description: Over three sessions, students will use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model Mars lander. Explore past and future missions to Mars while considering practical requirements and limitations. Learn how engineers and other experts work together on challenging space exploration projects. Night Sky Tonight Cost (Varies by Group Size): 1-99 participants: $250 100-199 participants: $350 200+ participants: $550 Maximum Participants: Unlimited Best for Grades: 3-12 Description: Become a backyard astronomer! Learn how Earth’s movement affects what we see in the night sky. Discover how to locate stars and even use the sky to find directions. Ecosystem Investigators Cost: $200 Maximum Participants: 50 Best for Grades: 3-8 Description: Work together to create a digital ecosystem model, exploring how living and non-living elements interact in a water-based environment. Using this knowledge, students will act as wetland scientists to examine real pond samples and study the relationships between organisms. For more details, please refer to our Program Requirements. 1．What is the purpose of the PacSci Virtual Fieldtrips? A．To allow students to conduct independent science research at home. B．To help students develop interest in learning through live interactive activities. C．To introduce the educational programs offered by the Curiosity Studio. D．To enable students to explore space missions and wetland ecosystems online. 2．What can students do in the “Stick the Landing” program? A．Learn how the brain controls memory and movement. B．Explore the connections between living and non-living things. C．Build a model Mars lander and study space missions. D．Identify stars and use the sky to find directions. 3．How much would it cost for a group of 150 students to join the “Night Sky Tonight” program? A．$250. B．$350. C．$500. D．$550. 4．Cooperation is needed in the program ________. A．Piece of Mind B．Stick the Landing C．Night Sky Tonight D．Ecosystem Investigators 5．What is a common feature of all the programs mentioned? A．They are designed for students of all ages. B．They require students to visit the Pacific Science Center. C．They include interactive activities to engage students. D．They are free of charge for educational purposes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍太平洋科学中心的虚拟实地考察项目，由中心讲师直播授课，开展40分钟互动式STEAM课程，可调整时长。文章列出大脑科学、火星着陆器、夜空观测、生态系统四大项目，分别说明费用、人数、适配年级与课程内容，供学校班级选择。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Engage them with enriching, curriculum-enhancing content designed to encourage curiosity and inspire learning. PacSci educators join your classroom live from the Curiosity Studio, guiding students through interactive sessions packed with exciting STEAM activities.(通过富有教育意义、能丰富课程内容的材料来吸引他们，这些材料旨在激发好奇心并激励学习。太平洋科学教育工作者将从“好奇工作室”与您的课堂进行实时连线，引导学生参与充满精彩科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学活动的互动课程)”可知，“太平洋科学中心虚拟实地考察”的目的是通过生动的互动活动帮助学生培养学习兴趣。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Stick the Landing部分“Over three sessions, students will use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model Mars lander. Explore past and future missions to Mars while considering practical requirements and limitations.(在三个阶段的学习中，学生们将按照工程设计流程的步骤来制作一个火星着陆器模型。他们将研究火星过去的和未来的探测任务，并同时考虑实际的需求和限制条件)”可知，在“稳稳着陆”项目中，学生们可以制作一个火星着陆器模型，并研究太空任务。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Night Sky Tonight部分“100-199 participants: $350(100到199名参与者：350美元)”可知，150名学生参加“今晚的星空”项目需要花费350美元。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据Ecosystem Investigators部分“Work together to create a digital ecosystem model, exploring how living and non-living elements interact in a water-based environment.(共同努力构建一个数字生态系统模型，探究在以水为基础的环境中，生物元素与非生物元素是如何相互作用的)”可知，在“生态系统调查者”这个项目中，需要进行合作。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“PacSci educators join your classroom live from the Curiosity Studio, guiding students through interactive sessions packed with exciting STEAM activities.(太平洋科学中心教育工作者将通过“好奇工作室”与您的课堂进行实时连线，引导学生们参与充满趣味的STEAM活动的互动课程)”可知，上述所有项目的一个共同特点是都包含互动性活动以吸引学生参与。故选C。 （25-26高三上·天津河北·期末） Welcome to the LearningEnglish Course for Students! Our program is designed to help you build strong English skills through a flexible, supportive, and structured learning experience. With over 85,000 students in our “Courses for Student Community”, you’ll join a vibrant network of learners and educators dedicated to growth and success. The course includes self-study modules, interactive community support, live expert-led events, and a practical workbook-all designed to make your English learning journey effective, enjoyable, and rewarding. As you explore innovative approaches to language improvement, you’ll receive practical guidance and encouragement from both instructors and peers. The self-paced modules take approximately 12 hours to complete and are structured as follows: ★Getting Started Module: A 30-minute interactive tutorial that shows learners how to get around the platform and set personal study goals. ★Three Core Modules: Each requiring three hours to complete, featuring two short quizzes and concluding with a practical mini-project. ★Reflection Checklist: A 30-minute guided reflection activity that becomes accessible only after all quizzes and mini-projects have been submitted. ★Certificate of Achievement: Automatically generated upon completion of the reflection checklist, provided the overall score reaches at least 70%. Courses for Student Community Join our official WeChat group to connect with course instructors and fellow learners. This supportive community space enables you to discuss course concepts, seek advice, and share learning experiences with others enrolled in the program. Live Events Participate in live sessions conducted by course tutors and experienced education specialists. If you cannot attend live, recordings are available through our WeChat group, where you can also discuss topics with other learners. These sessions provide valuable learning insights and opportunities to ask questions and exchange ideas. Workbook Document your learning journey with our printable and digital workbook. Use this workbook to record key course content, questions for the community, links to resources and ideas from extra materials or live events. Users have the option to save the workbook online, print it, or adopt a hybrid (混合的) approach that integrates both methods. Ready to get fluent? We’ve got everything you need to help you get there! 1．What makes this English course beneficial to students? A．Organising live events daily. B．Providing free learning resources. C．Helping students pass exams quickly. D．Providing all-round assistance to learners. 2．What is a must for the certificate? A．Submission of a printed workbook. B．Achievement of a graded standard. C．Completion of a 12-hour project. D．Approval from the support team. 3．How does the WeChat group support the course? A．By selling extra workbooks. B．By replacing the live events. C．By enabling peer interaction. D．By offering technical support. 4．Why are recordings of the live sessions provided? A．To replace the course workbook. B．To assist those unable to make it. C．To shorten the duration of modules. D．To help students pass exams quickly. 5．How is the workbook designed to support: learning? A．By sticking to the digital version. B．By helping record key information. C．By replacing live event participation. D．By requiring a printed copy for records. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面向学生的英语学习课程，讲述其课程设计、学习模块、配套服务及各类学习资源，说明课程为学习者提供的全方位学习支持。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The course includes self-study modules, interactive community support, live expert-led events, and a practical workbook-all designed to make your English learning journey effective, enjoyable, and rewarding.(该课程包含自学模块、互动社区支持、专家主持的直播活动以及实用的练习册，所有这些设计都旨在让你的英语学习之旅高效、愉悦且有收获)”可知，该英语课程为学习者提供了自学、社区、直播、练习册等多方面的帮助，全方位的学习支持让这门课程对学生有益。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Certificate of Achievement: Automatically generated upon completion of the reflection checklist, provided the overall score reaches at least 70%.(成就证书：完成反思清单后自动生成，前提是总成绩至少达到70%)”可知，获得证书的必要条件是达到规定的成绩标准。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据“Courses for Student Community”部分中的“This supportive community space enables you to discuss course concepts, seek advice, and share learning experiences with others enrolled in the program.(这个互助的社区平台能让你与其他选课的学习者探讨课程内容、寻求建议并分享学习经验)”可知，微信群通过实现学习者之间的同伴互动为课程提供支持。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据“Live Events”部分中的“If you cannot attend live, recordings are available through our WeChat group, where you can also discuss topics with other learners.(如果你无法参加直播，可通过微信群获取录播视频，也能在群里与其他学习者探讨相关话题)”可知，提供直播活动的录播视频是为了帮助那些无法参加直播的学习者。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据“Workbook”部分中的“Use this workbook to record key course content, questions for the community, links to resources and ideas from extra materials or live events.(使用该练习册记录课程关键内容、想在社区提出的问题、资源链接以及从拓展材料或直播活动中获得的想法)”可知，练习册通过帮助学习者记录各类关键信息为学习提供支持。故选B项。 考点二 记叙文 知●识●解●构 记叙文的语篇模式与命题角度 1）叙事模式， 开端—发展—高潮—结局—(主题升华) 2）非传统叙事模式， 引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题 命题角度 以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，命题顺序一般按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。 1）叙事模式： 开端—发展—高潮—结局—(主题升华) 例如2022年第一次的B篇 第一段 I work at Pearson, the largest and busiest airport in Canada. I am one of the faces of Toronto that welcome millions of air travellers from all over the world. My daily work is helping connecting (转乘) passengers, for example, answering their questions about the boarding gate or departure time. 1. What does the author’s job involve? A. Cleaning the lounge. B. Helping book hotels. C. Providing information. D. Selling food and drinks. 第二段Emotions can run high and the lounge is like a pressure cooker. Of course, connecting passengers don’t want to miss their flights. They are usually in a hurry. They are stressed out. You see, a lot of them are travel­ling for pleasure and going to places like Miami Beach and Yellowstone Park. But now they are out of breath and sweating. Some shout angrily, some are even in tears. They don’t seem to be having any fun at all. 2. The lounge is like a pressure cooker because connecting passengers ___. A. are under social pressure B. are anxious about missing their flights C. are pleased with the airport staff D. are in high spirits after their journeys 第三段 That is when it is time for empathy. We put ourselves in the passen­gers’ shoes and help them as much as we can. If we see the elderly trying to catch their planes but walking at a snail’s pace, we find a wheelchair for them immediately. When a plane is leaving in 15 minutes and the door is closing, what else can we suggest but: “Run! Run!” A few times, I have run with passengers to their boarding gate. It's a race against time. 3.What does the underlined word “empathy” probably mean? A. Understanding others’ feelings. B. Following the passengers’ steps. C. Recalling the memories of the trips. D. Avoiding giving unwise suggestions. 第四段Since passengers are just passing through, our interactions are brief. I say “Ni hao” to the Chinese and “Hola” to the Spanish. A simple greeting in their mother tongue can guarantee a smile from a total stranger and a tired traveller. Once, a young woman, who was on her way to visit her fami­ly in South Africa, told me she was expecting her first baby. I offered my congratulations and good luck. 4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A. Smile is no guarantee of quality service. B. Kindness does not always pay off. C. Friendly interactions light up the day. D. Travellers need to know a second language. 以上三题实际上是涉及作者在工作中遇到的问题及解决问题的正确方式，即故事的发展和高潮。 最后一段To all, I wish a pleasant trip, to groups off for a family wedding in Sin­gapore, to seniors travelling to Rome for holiday, to children off to Disney World in Orlando...the airport is not a dull place. All kinds of human emo­tions are on display: sad (tearful goodbyes), happy (family get-togethers), anxious (waiting in a long line) and upset (missing a flight). Sometimes I think no matter where we come from, what colour our eyes, hair and skin, we are here to show our understanding and help. We are family. 5.The author says “the airport is not a dull place” because at the airport _____. A. family relations are strengthened B. customs of the world are on display C. there are recreational facilities for children D. moments of people’s life are experienced 此题是对主题的升华。 2）非传统叙事模式 引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题， 例如第二次B篇， 首段I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. 开门见山直接引出主题。 6. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Pride comes before a fall. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D. Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。 7. What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？ 8. What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according to Paragraph 3? 解释和论证主题 9. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus? 10. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill? 在举例论证的基础上，作者找到了自尊的获得方法，进一步深化和呼应了开头段引出的主题。 在记叙文方面，要根据语篇模式，理清事件的起因、经过和结果，弄清人物之间的关系，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而揣测文章的写作意图和情感主线，准确理解细节信息。 考●向●破●译 （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）The door handle of La Dilettante was dead cold. It was January in Burgundy, and no one had touched it all day. A board in the window read “Closed”. “Are you kidding me?” my husband shouted. Normally, he’s very reasonable. A lawyer by trade, he can keep cool when most wouldn’t. But a closed restaurant that should be open? A major injustice. I felt for him. He’d spent weeks researching restaurants for our trip, and La Dilettante was on his “can’t-miss” list. He was already searching his phone for another restaurant. I recognized the silence growing between us. This was the calm before a where-should-we-eat storm. “Let’s just go here,” I pointed to the restaurant next door, certain he’d say no. “Fine. Whatever.” I couldn’t believe he agreed. I noted “quickly suggest the restaurant next door” in my brain as a workable conflict-resolution strategy and opened the door to Cafe de France. The room was filled with men in paint-splattered overalls (工装裤), all watching us with curiosity. Their look said, “Americans? Really?” Just as we were about to leave, a large woman gestured for us to follow her. She seated us at a small table with a cheap tablecloth. I looked at my husband. “Do you want to go?” I asked. “No, let’s see the menu.” A waiter came with a large bowl. “We didn’t order this,” I said. “We don’t take orders,” he replied, walking away. “Let’s leave,” I suggested. “No,” my husband said. We looked in the bowl: a delicious-looking French salad with lardons (厚片肥成肉) and a perfectly soft-boiled egg. I gave my husband a knowing smile as the waiter poured us some wine. We ate the salad, and two more dishes arrived: roast chicken with crispy skin and fries. Then came the cheese, all local and perfect. We relaxed into our chairs, amazed. As we were leaving, I saw a sign behind the bar. It read “You’re in the right place” in French. 1．How did the author’s husband react to the closed restaurant at the beginning? A．He remained calm. B．He shouted at the author. C．He became extremely angry. D．He regretted choosing the restaurant. 2．What did the author do to avoid the upcoming conflict? A．Quickly searched for another restaurant. B．Suggested the neighboring cafe. C．Let her husband make the decision. D．Changed the topic of conversation. 3．What made the couple decide to stay at Cafe de France? A．The friendly local customers. B．The owner’s warm invitation. C．The attractive menu options. D．The appearance of the salad. 4．What is the main theme of the text? A．The value of careful planning for trips. B．Cultural differences between countries. C．Joys discovered in unplanned moments. D．The role food plays in cultural exchange. 5．What does the sign “You’re in the right place” imply? A．The unexpected choice turned out to be a perfect one. B．The couple had been looking for this specific cafe. C．The cafe provides professional navigation services. D．The cafe was the only one open in the neighborhood. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了夫妇计划去的餐厅关门，丈夫很生气。作者提议去隔壁小店，意外吃到美味食物，收获意外惊喜，明白无心选择也会很美好。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段““Are you kidding me?” my husband shouted.(“你在跟我开玩笑吗？”我丈夫大声说道)”以及第二段“But a closed restaurant that should be open? A major injustice. I felt for him. (但一家本应营业的餐厅却关门了？这简直是天大的不公平。我为他感到难过)”可知，作者的丈夫一开始对那家关门的餐馆极其愤怒。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““Let’s just go here,” I pointed to the restaurant next door, certain he’d say no.(“咱们就去那边的那家吧。”我指着隔壁的那家餐馆说道，心里确信他会拒绝)”可知，作者为避免即将到来的冲突，提议去隔壁的咖啡馆。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“We looked in the bowl: a delicious-looking French salad with lardons (厚片肥成肉) and a perfectly soft-boiled egg.(我们把目光投向碗里：里面盛着一道看起来十分美味的法式沙拉，里面有培根丁和一个煮得恰到好处的鸡蛋)”可知，沙拉的外观让这对夫妇决定留在法国咖啡馆。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As we were leaving, I saw a sign behind the bar. It read “You’re in the right place” in French. (当我们准备离开时，我看到吧台后面有一个牌子。上面用法语写着：“您来对地方了。”)”结合文章讲述了夫妇计划去的餐厅关门，丈夫很生气，作者提议去隔壁小店，意外吃到美味食物，收获意外惊喜，明白无心选择也会很美好可知，这篇文章的主要主题是在不经意间发现的乐趣。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We ate the salad, and two more dishes arrived: roast chicken with crispy skin and fries. Then came the cheese, all local and perfect. We relaxed into our chairs, amazed.(我们吃完了沙拉，接着又上了两道菜：酥皮烤鸡和薯条。随后是奶酪，都是当地产的，味道绝佳。我们舒舒服服地坐进椅子上，心中满是惊叹)”以及文章讲述了夫妇计划去的餐厅关门，丈夫很生气，作者提议去隔壁小店，意外吃到美味食物，收获意外惊喜，明白无心选择也会很美好。可知，“你来对地方了”这个标识意味着原本出乎意料的选择结果却是个完美的决定。故选A。 （25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）When I was ten, my family moved to a small house on the edge of town. Behind the house was an abandoned garden, overgrown with weeds and bushes. To me, it looked like a jungle, messy and wild. My father, however, saw it differently. “This,” he said with a smile, “is where we’ll grow something beautiful.” At first, I didn’t believe him. The garden seemed hopeless. But my father handed me a pair of gloves and a small tool. “Let’s start small,” he said. With some hesitation, I followed him outside, where we spent hours pulling weeds, turning the soil, and clearing the rocks. My hands hurt, and the summer sun was very hot, but my father never complained. “Gardens,” he said, “are like people. They just need a little care to grow.” As the weeks passed, I began to see the changes. The soil became soft and rich, and we planted seeds—tiny things that looked like they could never survive. But my father was patient. Every morning, we watered the garden together, watching and waiting. Slowly, green shoots began to appear, reaching for the sky. It was magical, as if life itself were unfolding before my eyes. The garden, once lifeless, began to come alive again, and so did I. One day, a big storm rolled in. The wind roared, and the rain hit hard against the windows. I worried about the garden, but my father reassured me. “The plants are stronger than you think,” he said. The morning after the storm, I ran outside, expecting to find the garden ruined. Instead, I saw the plants standing tall, shining with drops of water. They had made it through the storm, just as my father had said. By the end of summer, the garden was full of life—bright flowers, leafy greens, and even a few tomatoes. My father and I stood together, admiring our work. “You see,” he said, “it’s not just about the garden. It’s about what you learn along the way—patience, strength, and the joy of creating something with your own hands.” Years later, I still remember that little garden. Whenever life feels difficult, I think of those tiny seeds and the way they grew, even when it seemed impossible. And I remind myself that, like the garden, I can grow too—with a little care and a lot of patience. The lessons from that summer remain with me, helping me face challenges and reminding me of the beauty in hard work. 1．What does the father’s reaction to the garden reveal about his personality? A．He tends to avoid difficult situations. B．He focuses on quick results rather than long-term effort. C．He feels doubtful about fixing the garden. D．He sees potential in challenging circumstances. 2．Why did the author hesitate to help their father at first? A．The author thought the garden was beyond saving. B．The author lacked experience in gardening. C．The author was worried about the physical effort required. D．The author preferred spending time indoors. 3．Why does the author describe the garden as “coming alive again” in Paragraph 3? A．The garden began to grow without their help. B．The author started to see signs of life in the garden. C．The garden returned to its original condition. D．The author felt discouraged by the slow progress. 4．What does the underlined word “roared” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Spoke in a soft voice. B．Made a loud sound. C．Moved quietly. D．Shook slightly. 5．What is the author’s key takeaway from the gardening experience? A．Nature is unpredictable and uncontrollable. B．Teamwork matters most for reaching goals. C．Success depends entirely on favorable conditions. D．Personal growth comes from consistent care and effort. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者十岁时和父亲一起改造废弃花园的经历：从最初觉得花园毫无希望，到通过耐心照料让它长满花草果蔬，再到花园经受住暴风雨的考验。作者最终领悟到，人和花园一样，在持续的付出与耐心等待中，就能实现成长，克服人生的困难。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was ten, my family moved to a small house on the edge of town. Behind the house was an abandoned garden, overgrown with weeds and bushes. To me, it looked like a jungle, messy and wild. My father, however, saw it differently. “This,” he said with a smile, “is where we’ll grow something beautiful.”(在我十岁那年，我们家搬到了镇边的一座小房子里。房子后面有一个废弃的花园，杂草丛生，长满了灌木丛。在我看来，那简直就是一个杂乱而荒凉的丛林。然而，父亲却有不同的看法。“这里，”他笑着说道，“是我们要种下美丽事物的地方。”)”可推知，父亲能在看似棘手的处境中发现潜在价值。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At first, I didn’t believe him. The garden seemed hopeless.( 起初，我不相信他的话。那个花园看起来毫无希望。)”可知，作者认为花园已经无法挽救，所以才会犹豫。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“As the weeks passed, I began to see the changes. The soil became soft and rich, and we planted seeds—tiny things that looked like they could never survive. But my father was patient. Every morning, we watered the garden together, watching and waiting. Slowly, green shoots began to appear, reaching for the sky. It was magical, as if life itself were unfolding before my eyes. The garden, once lifeless, began to come alive again, and so did I.( 随着日子一天天过去，我开始看到变化。土壤变得松软肥沃，我们播下了种子——那些看起来根本无法存活的小东西。但父亲很耐心。每天早上，我们都会一起给花园浇水，观察着、等待着。慢慢地，绿色的嫩芽开始出现，向上伸展着。这真是太神奇了，仿佛生命就在我的眼前展开。那个曾经毫无生机的花园又重新焕发生机了，我也一样。)”可推知，作者将花园描述为“又恢复了生机”是因为作者开始在花园中看到了生机的迹象。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“The wind…, and the rain hit hard against the windows.( 狂风……，雨水猛烈地拍打着窗户。)”可知，该词描述暴风雨中的风，后文提到“雨点猛烈地打在窗户上”，说明暴风雨的威力很大。因此“roared”在这里指风发出巨大的声响。B选项Made a loud sound.“发出响亮的声音”。符合语境。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And I remind myself that, like the garden, I can grow too—with a little care and a lot of patience. The lessons from that summer remain with me, helping me face challenges and reminding me of the beauty in hard work.( 我也会提醒自己，就像花园一样，我也能够成长——只要有一点点的细心照料和大量的耐心。那个夏天的教训一直伴随着我，帮助我面对挑战，并提醒我努力工作中的美好之处。)”可推知，作者从这次园艺经历中得出的主要启示是个人成长源于持续的照料和努力。故选D项。 （25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）‌“I don’t need a cane (拐杖)!” I shouted. ‌“I have been walking perfectly well for the past 37 years without a cane, why would I want to change now?” ‌“Because it will make walking so much easier,” replied Emma, with a smile. Admittedly, I knew my law partner was partly right. Born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), my walking was a bit awkward, and at times, I found that the extra energy needed to move forward made me tired. I knew my hiking pole enabled me to walk further, longer and faster, but that was in the forest where few people saw me use this ‌“help” for my disability. Being in public was a different story — I wasn’t going to give my disability more concessions than necessary. Using such help in public meant weakness, and I refused to look weak. Emma’s soft voice broke my thoughts again: ‌“If you use a cane, you might walk smoother... that would look nice.” I was tired of this talk, but Emma kept trying, convinced that her subject would finally break down if pushed hard enough. I couldn’t figure out a way to get her to stop this discussion so I agreed to try it for a month. My logic was simple: once I try it, I can easily say, ‌“Tried it, didn’t work, leave me alone.” Within hours, she dragged me down to Main Street’s antique stores to find a ‌“right” cane. We found nothing elegant, but got a simple wooden one. It was the same dark red as my shoes, so I decided it was okay. After all, I was only going to use it for a month. The following day, as I started using it, the results immediately amazed me. While walking got a little better, and tripping over (绊倒) the cane as I worked at learning to use it drove me crazy, I found the effect on people’s attitudes had magical qualities. Given the awkwardness of my cerebral palsy, some drivers shouted at me, teens called me bad names, and clerks ignored me. At night, women crossed the street to avoid contact. But now, store clerks smiled and said, ‌“Can I help you?” Rude words were gone. The most shocking change was the nighttime sidewalk passing of strangers. Instead of avoidance, a more common response became a smile and a friendly ‌“Good evening.” The one-month trial period came and went. A couple of decades later, I’m still using the cane. The paint is worn off, but it still gets the same results. My walking pattern is the same, still not well-balanced, but I’m always surprised by how people treat me now. Despite the acknowledgement that I’m using a cane, it doesn’t bother me. After all, it is nice to have someone smile, open the door for me and not call me a ‌“drunk idiot”. Perhaps Emma knew a bit more about magic than I gave her credit for. 1．Why did the writer initially refuse to use a cane in public? A．He thought using a cane would make his disability noticeable. B．He believed a cane would actually slow down his walking speed. C．He was afraid that others would laugh at the way his cane looked. D．He considered canes to be medically unnecessary in his case. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word ‌“concessions” in Paragraph 2? A．Excuses. B．Compromises. C．Attention. D．Solutions. 3．What made the writer finally agree to try the cane? A．He found a cane matching his shoes. B．He wanted to end Emma’s insistence. C．His hiking pole was lost in the forest. D．He felt too tired to walk without help. 4．What surprised the writer most after he started using the cane? A．His walking became perfectly balanced. B．People’s attitudes towards him changed. C．Emma’s prediction proved completely accurate. D．His mastery of the cane was rapid and complete. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How I Overcame My Fear of Looking Weak B．A Stubborn Patient’s Fight Against Disability C．My Law Partner Emma and Her Magic Cane D．How a Simple Cane Taught Me to Embrace Help 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因脑瘫导致行走不便，起初拒绝在公共场合使用拐杖，担心被视为软弱，但在法律伙伴Emma的劝说下尝试使用拐杖，最终发现拐杖不仅改善了行走，还改变了他人对自己的态度，让作者学会了接受帮助。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Being in public was a different story — I wasn’t going to give my disability more concessions than necessary. Using such help in public meant weakness, and I refused to look weak. (在公共场合则是另一回事——我不会给我的残疾比必要的更多的让步。在公共场合使用这样的帮助意味着软弱，我拒绝显得软弱)”可知，作者起初拒绝在公共场合使用拐杖是因为他认为使用拐杖会让他在公共场合显得软弱，他不愿意让别人关注他，不愿意让残疾更显眼。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“I wasn’t going to give my disability more concessions than necessary. (我不愿给我的残疾给予超过必要的concessions)”以及下文“Using such help in public meant weakness, and I refused to look weak.”作者强调拒绝使用手杖是因为不想在公共场合显得软弱可知，作者认为使用手杖意味着“weakness (软弱)”，是对自己残疾的一种妥协或让步 （即承认自己需要帮助），而他不想做出“妥协或让步”，所以划线词与B项“Compromises”意思相近。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was tired of this talk, but Emma kept trying, convinced that her subject would finally break down if pushed hard enough. I couldn’t figure out a way to get her to stop this discussion so I agreed to try it for a month. My logic was simple: once I try it, I can easily say, ‌“Tried it, didn’t work, leave me alone.”(我早已厌倦了这番劝说，但Emma却不肯放弃，她坚信只要再坚持推动，我最终会改变主意。我想不出办法让她停止这个话题，只好同意先尝试一个月。我的逻辑很简单：一旦尝试过了，我就能顺理成章地说：“试过了，没用，别再烦我了。”)”可知，作者最终同意尝试使用拐杖是为了结束Emma的坚持。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The most shocking change was the nighttime sidewalk passing of strangers. Instead of avoidance, a more common response became a smile and a friendly ‌“Good evening.”(最令人震惊的变化是夜晚陌生人走过人行道时的反应。不再是回避，更常见的反应是微笑和友好的“晚上好”)”可知，作者开始使用拐杖后，最让他惊讶的是人们对他的态度发生了变化。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中““I don’t need a cane (拐杖)!” I shouted. ‌“I have been walking perfectly well for the past 37 years without a cane, why would I want to change now?”(“我根本不需要拐杖！”我喊道，“过去37年我走路一直好好的，为什么现在要改变？”)”和倒数第二段中“After all, it is nice to have someone smile, open the door for me and not call me a ‌“drunk idiot”. (毕竟，有人对你微笑、为你开门，而不把你当作“醉鬼”看待，这种感觉确实很好)”可知，文章以第一人称视角，讲述了作者从最初因自尊和偏见强烈拒绝在公共场合使用手杖，到在他人劝说下勉强尝试，再到亲身体验到手杖带来的不仅是行走的便利，更是社会接纳和尊重的转变，最终欣然接受并长期使用手杖的故事。全文的核心是关于作者如何通过一个简单的工具(手杖)学会了放下固执、接受帮助并拥抱更积极生活的过程。故D项“How a Simple Cane Taught Me to Embrace Help(一根简单的拐杖教会了我接受帮助)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选D项。 （25-26高三上·天津红桥·月考）In the early years of World War II, when Jane Goodall was around six years old, she was often woken up from her sleep by the blare of air-raid sirens (防空警报). The sound warned that Nazi planes were flying over the town. Her younger sister Judy would be up like a shot, bounding down the stairs to the bomb shelter. But Goodall refused to move. “I didn’t want to leave my bed,” she says. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes.” Eight decades later, Goodall is standing in the living room of the same house. A camera crew moved between rooms in search of furniture to take to the garden for a photograph. Goodall, though, is still, arms crossed and eyebrows raised. Her voice cuts through the commotion (喧闹). Speaking softly yet with firmness she suggests the crew try her preferred location: her attic bedroom. She exhibits the same stubbornness as the girl who clung to her bed in wartime, then leads the group upstairs, victorious. Goodall’s quiet determination has powered her through a lifetime of waiting for others to come around. In 1960, at 26, she sat for months in the forests of Tanzania, waiting for the local chimpanzees to accept her presence so that she would have the opportunity to observe them up close. When she finally succeeded in doing so, she made the remarkable discovery that they were able to use tools, a discovery that would transform our understanding of the relationship between humans and animals, earning her global fame in the process. In 1962, while pursuing her Ph. D．at the University of Cambridge, Goodall was criticized by her professors for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Her response? “I didn’t confront them. I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right,” she recalls. Although she learned to describe her observations in more scientific language, her belief that chimps are intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for much tighter restrictions on their use in lab testing. After Goodall shifted from research to activism in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a fringe activity (边缘活动). Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her repertoire: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 1．Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall _________. A．was very clever since she was a little girl B．remained calm even under wartime conditions C．was very determined to do what she thought was right D．respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 2．According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A．She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. B．She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania C．Her unique way of observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. D．The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. 3．The underlined word “confront” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________. A．ignore B．satisfy C．believe in D．argue with 4．After Goodall shifted from research to activism, she would try to _________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A．tell amazing stories B．set them a good example C．share her feelings with them D．teach them to think for themselves 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．A New Discovery of Animals B．The Confrontation to a New Discovery C．The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall D．Jane Goodall: an everlasting legend 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了简·古道尔的人生经历，包括她童年时期在战争中的倔强、成年后对黑猩猩的研究及突破性发现、面对质疑时的坚持，以及后来转向环保行动主义并通过讲故事的方式推动环保事业发展的历程，展现了她坚定不屈的精神品质。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But Goodall refused to move. “I didn’t want to leave my bed,” she says. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes.”(但古道尔拒绝移动。“我不想离开我的床，”她说。“他们不得不连人带被褥把我抬下去。”)”和第二段中的“She exhibits the same stubbornness as the girl who clung to her bed in wartime, then leads the group upstairs, victorious.(她展现出了和战时那个紧守床铺的女孩一样的倔强，然后带着一行人上楼，俨然一副胜利者的姿态)”可知，第一、二段通过描述古道尔童年战时不愿离开床铺，以及八十年后坚持让摄制组去她阁楼卧室拍摄的事例，意在展现她做自己认为正确的事时的坚定态度。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1960, at 26, she sat for months in the forests of Tanzania, waiting for the local chimpanzees to accept her presence so that she would have the opportunity to observe them up close. When she finally succeeded in doing so, she made the remarkable discovery that they were able to use tools, (1960年，26岁的她在坦桑尼亚的森林里待了好几个月，等待当地的黑猩猩接受她的存在，这样她才有机会近距离观察它们。当她最终成功做到这一点时，她有了一个非凡的发现：黑猩猩能够使用工具)”可知，古道尔独特的观察方式（长时间等待黑猩猩接受，近距离观察）帮助她取得了重大发现。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 1962, while pursuing her Ph. D. at the University of Cambridge, Goodall was criticized by her professors for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Her response? “I didn’t confront them. I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right,” she recalls.(1962年，在剑桥大学攻读博士学位期间，古道尔因用人类的名字和情感来描述黑猩猩而受到教授们的批评。她的回应是什么？“我没有confront他们。我只是默默地继续做我知道是正确的事，”她回忆道)”可知，面对教授的批评，古道尔没有采取对抗性的行为，而是继续坚持自己的做法。由此猜测confront意为“反驳、争论”，与argue with。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.”(“如果我试图改变一个不同意我观点的人——我选择不自命清高，”她说。“你必须触动心灵。而我通过讲故事来做到这一点。”)”可知，古道尔从研究转向行动主义后，若想改变别人的想法，会尝试讲故事。故选A项。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段中的“Goodall’s quiet determination has powered her through a lifetime of waiting for others to come around.(珍·古道尔沉静的决心，支撑着她一生都在耐心等待他人理解与认同)”、第四段中的“After Goodall shifted from research to activism in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history.(上世纪80年代，古道尔从科研转向环保行动后，这份沉稳、非对抗的行事方式，让她成为现代史上最有建树的环保主义者之一)”以及最后一段中的“If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.”(“如果我试图改变一个不同意我观点的人——我选择不自命清高，”她说。“你必须触动心灵。而我通过讲故事来做到这一点。”)”可知，文章核心围绕古道尔一生的坚守与追求展开：童年时坚守自我，科研中坚持真理、等待认可，行动主义中坚守环保信念、用温和方式传递希望，始终对改变世界、促进人与自然和谐抱有持久的希望。“The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall (珍·古道尔永恒的希望)”精准概括了文章主旨，贴合其一生的精神内核与行动初衷，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （25-26高三上·天津武清·月考）In the 1980s, I lived in a Victorian triple close to Ottawa’s Chinatown. My days were spent hunched over an IKEA desk, reading, taking notes and writing for a master’s degree. Mostly, I persevered through all distractions, fully absorbed in what I was learning. But on warm summer days, I would bring my notecards to Dundonald Park. It was there that I first encountered Tai Chi. Men and women would gather, in loose formation, and begin to move with slow thoughtful deliberation, in unison. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative dance, and it soothed me just to watch. There was a beauty and grace to their sessions that resembled a time-lapse video of a water lily opening. Tai Chi was mesmerizing but I couldn’t see its point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and it didn’t seem that moving so slowly would do much to tone muscle, my Jane Fonda — inspired objective for all activity. I chose only to admire this martial art as it was practiced by others, and kept my distance. But Tai Chi stayed with me — a seed planted. And amazingly, decades later, the necessary conditions for flowering have emerged. More time — thanks to retirement — coupled with a recommendation from my doctor have brought me full circle, only this time I am not on the park bench watching, but inside the formation, literally stumbling toward growth. I had some false starts at the outset. The first group I joined was led by a caring instructor, but its late afternoon timing and its setting — a windowless church basement — left me inspired. After learning the first eight steps, I took a break and never returned. The second try, six months later, was more successful. I found a morning class in a much brighter space — and the tiny seedling began to push through the soil. Naively, I had thought that my goal would be to master the choreography of the 108 movements that form the basis of Tai Chi. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. Rather, I quickly learned, what required mastering were my own personality traits. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next or what the names of the moves were. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right: commit and improve — that was the only path. Oh, and one more thing: I needed to listen-another skill where I lacked proficiency. This realization came to me powerfully in my first master class. I had travelled to a Tai Chi centre for a two-hour session with a well-known instructor. I was excited and nervous. There were people from all over Canada, and I was a newbie compared to almost everyone there. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the teacher singled me out for instruction. To be singled out is an honour, but I was mortified. As is required, all the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me (so that they could learn, too) while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t lean back,” he said, and I repeated the movement. “Still leaning back,” he observed laconically, and on it went-probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed an eternity. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. In those seconds, I concentrated as I had never done before, listening intently to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was simultaneously unlearning and learning, crowding out any self-consciousness to focus. As I corrected, my emotion shifted from embarrassment to exhilaration. I realized that I was learning not just a new step but a new way of being in the world — truly listening, open to correction, deeply vulnerable. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my seventh decade where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. Gradually, I have become that lily unfolding, awoken not by sunlight and warmth but by this gentle martial art. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Tai Chi? A．It is pleasant to the eyes but not of much use. B．It can help the author achieve her fitness goals. C．It helps with physical health. D．It is difficult to author. 2．The author realized mastering Tai Chi requires . A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What is the meaning of the “mortified”? A．angry B．confused C．disappointed D．embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to instructions? A．She chose to quit immediately. B．She followed attentively. C．She displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following concluded author’s experience? A．Tai Chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai Chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai Chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai Chi facilitates people’s relationship. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从旁观太极到亲身学习的经历，展现太极不仅是运动，更带来自我成长与心态转变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their actions combined to achieve a meditative dance, and it soothed me just to watch. There was a beauty and grace to their sessions that resembled a time-lapse video of a water lily opening. (他们的动作交织成一场冥想般的舞蹈，光是看着就让我感到平静。他们打太极的姿态有种美感与优雅，就像延时摄影里缓缓绽放的睡莲)”以及第三段中的“Tai Chi was mesmerizing but I couldn’t see its point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and it didn’t seem that moving so slowly would do much to tone muscle, my Jane Fonda — inspired objective for all activity. (太极拳很吸引人，但我实在看不出它的意义何在。我完全可以通过健身课、游泳和骑行来达成自己的健身目标 —— 而且，动作这么缓慢，似乎很难起到塑形增肌的效果，要知道，这可是我从简・方达的健身理念中得到启发，为所有运动设定的核心目标。)”可知，作者最初觉得太极看着赏心悦目，但没什么实际用处。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第七段中的“They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right: commit and improve-that was the only path. (他们安慰我说，他们也曾是初学者，我只要坚持三四年，就能记住所有招式。三四年啊！我的硕士学位都没花这么久。但我知道他们说得对：投入时间，持续精进——这是唯一的路)”可知，作者意识到学好太极需要坚持。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第九段中的“To be singled out is an honour, but I was mortified. As is required, all the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me (so that they could learn, too) while the instructor corrected my positioning. (被单独指导本该是种荣幸，但我却感到 mortified。按照要求，班里其他人都停下来看着我——他们也能跟着学习——教练则在一旁纠正我的姿势)”可知，在众人注视下被纠正动作让作者感到难堪，因此“mortified”的含义与“embarrassed”（尴尬的）相近。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第十段中的“In those seconds, I concentrated as I had never done before, listening intently to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. (在那几秒里，我前所未有地集中注意力，认真听教练的指导，观察他的动作，然后努力让自己的身体跟着模仿)”可知，作者对待教练的指导十分专注，认真遵照练习。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，作者从最初觉得太极无用，到退休后亲身学习，不仅练习了招式，更在这个过程中学会倾听、放下自我，实现了个人成长，结合倒数第二段中的“What I do know is that I have found an activity in my seventh decade where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. (我唯一可以确定的是，步入人生的第七个十年，我找到了这样一项活动 —— 在其中，改变与成长不仅是可能的，更是理所当然的事，即便我骨子里那些执拗的脾性总会一次次冒出来。)”可知，“太极让人获得自我提升”最能总结作者的经历。故选A项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 （2025年3月·天津卷） Writing Competitions 2025 The Caledonia Novel AwardThe award is for the best novel manuscript (原稿). All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. The first prize is £1,500. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition. The entry fee is £28. A number of sponsored places are available for writers on low incomes. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://thecnaward.com/submit The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers AwardThe DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. Writers must not previously have published any work. The winner will receive £10,000 and two shortlisted writers will receive £1,000. The closing date is 31 May. Website: https://www.drf.org/enter Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction CompetitionWriters are invited to “envision (展望) a future where humanity overcomes the climate crisis and builds a more sustainable world.” Your story can be set sometime between the near future and the year 2100. Stories should be unpublished, between 2,500-5,000 words. Entry is free, with the first prize of £3,000. The winning stories will be published on the competition’s website. The deadline is 24 June. Website: https://climatefiction.org/submit New Writers Flash Fiction CompetitionNew Writers is inviting entries of short fiction on any theme up to 300 words. The first prize is £1,100. The winning entries will be published on the New Writers website. All entries must be original and unpublished. There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people. A limited number of free entries are available for low-income writers. The closing date is 31 March. Website: https://newwriters.net/compete 1．How many words are required for the entries to the competition sponsored by Moniack Mhor Centre? A．Up to 300. B．2,500 to 5,000. C．15,000 to 20,000. D．At least 50,000. 2．The DRF Writers Award differs from the other competitions in that________. A．it awards money prizes B．it offers a free writing course C．it accepts non-fiction entries D．it publishes winning stories online 3．Which competition involves donation to young writers? A．The Caledonia Novel Award. B．New Writers Flash Fiction Competition. C．Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition. D．The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. 4．What do the four competitions have in common? A．Entries must not be previously published. B．They all fund low-income writers. C．All competitions are entry free. D．Participants should write on particular themes. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2025年四项写作比赛的参赛要求、奖项设置、截止日期等核心信息。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“The Caledonia Novel Award”部分中的“All entries must be original manuscripts at least 50,000 words long by unpublished writers. There is a special prize of a free place on a creative writing course at Moniack Mhor Centre, the sponsor of the competition.( 所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿，字数至少5万字。本次比赛的赞助商莫尼亚克·莫尔中心将提供一个创意写作课程的免费名额作为特别奖项。)”可知，莫尼亚克·莫尔中心赞助的比赛要求参赛作品字数至少5万字。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award”部分中的“The DRF Writers Award invites submissions of 15,000-20,000 words of a work in progress, which may be fiction or non-fiction. (DRF作家奖邀请提交1.5万至2万字的未完成作品，作品可以是小说或非虚构作品。)”可知，该奖项与其他比赛的不同之处在于接受非虚构作品参赛。其他三项比赛均未提及接受非虚构作品，A项“颁发奖金”、D项“在线发表获奖作品”是部分比赛的共同特点，B项“提供免费写作课程”仅属于The Caledonia Novel Award。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据“New Writers Flash Fiction Competition”部分中的“There is an entry fee of £10. £1 from each entry will be donated to First Story, the creative writing charity for young people.( 参赛费用为10英镑。每笔参赛费用中的1英镑将捐赠给First Story，这是一个面向年轻人的创意写作慈善机构。)”可知，该比赛涉及对年轻作家的捐赠。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据各项比赛的要求：The Caledonia Novel Award“All entries must be original manuscripts... by unpublished writers. (所有参赛作品必须是未出版作家的原创手稿)”、The Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award“Writers must not previously have published any work. (作家之前不得出版过任何作品)”、Imagine 2100 Climate Fiction Competition“Stories should be unpublished... (作品应为未出版作品)”、New Writers Flash Fiction Competition“All entries must be original and unpublished. (所有参赛作品必须是原创且未出版的)”可知，四项比赛的共同要求是参赛作品必须是未出版的。故选A项。 I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 1．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 2．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从最初对太极“好看却无用”的印象，到在练习中领悟其真谛，实现自我成长与改变的经历。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening.(我被它的美丽与优雅所震撼，就像观赏睡莲绽放)”以及第二段中的“Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling—and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. (但我实在看不出太极的意义所在。我通过健身课、游泳和骑行就能实现健身目标 —— 而且动作这么慢，似乎根本练不了肌肉，而练肌肉是我所有运动的核心目的)”可知，作者最初觉得太极赏心悦目，但没什么实际用处。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path.(他们向我保证，自己曾经也都是初学者，还说我大概三四年内就能记住所有招式。三到四年啊！就算是读个研究生学位也用不了这么久。但我知道他们说得对——坚持下去，不断精进，这是唯一的路。）可知，作者意识到掌握太极需要长期的坚持。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning.(全班其他人都停下来看着我，教练在一旁纠正我的姿势)”可知，被单独点名指导且被众人注视，这种场景会让人感到尴尬，因此“mortified”意为“尴尬的”，与“Embarrassed”同义。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段“I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. (我从未如此专注过，认真听教练的指导，观察他的动作，然后努力让自己的身体模仿着动起来)”可知，在高级班中，作者专注倾听并认真遵循教练的指导。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected(但我知道，我找到了一项能让自己发生改变、实现成长的活动，这种改变和成长不仅可能，更是必然的)”可知，太极赋予了人们自我提升的力量。故选A项。 （2025年6月·天津卷） Welcome to our university’s Botanic Garden — plan your visit, and find out about what we do! You can either pay at the Ticket Office on arrival, or book your tickets online. Please note: Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non- refundable (不可退款的). Guidelines for Visitors The Garden is an active research facility and a living museum with a collection of over 8,000 plants. Please bear in mind some simple rules for your visit: Only trained working dogs are permitted to enter the Garden. Children must stay with a grown-up at all times. Stick strictly to the paths and lawns (草坪). Do not climb the trees. Please do not pick any part of a growing plant. Cycling and ball games are not permitted in the Garden. Guided Tours in the Garden With over 8,000 plant species and a wonderful range of gardens and plantings to enjoy, there is something for everyone at the Garden, and many different aspects to appeal to a wide variety of interest groups. ◆ Free Drop-in Weekend Tours Enjoy a free-of-charge Garden tour with one of our expert guides, taking in the seasonal highlights of the Garden. Our weekend tours are available every Sunday at 11:30 a. m. and 2p. m. throughout the year. During the months of January and February these tours focus on the Winter Garden, Snowdrops and general winter interest. The free tours last one hour and start from the Fountain, near the MainLawn. Group Tours Our experienced volunteer guides will help you enjoy the highlights and provide some of the background history and development of this amazing garden. These 90-minute, pre-bookable tours are ideal for adult groups wishing to make the most of their visit to our 40-acre site. Please visit the Group Guided Tours page for more details. 1．What should a potential visitor take note of before booking a ticket to the Garden? A．Whether one can afford the visit. B．Whether the Garden website is accessible. C．Whether one can accept the ticket-booking policy. D．Whether the tickets are still available at the Ticket Office. 2．A kid is allowed to visit the Garden when they are . A．well trained B．with a bicycle C．accompanied by an adult D．guided by their working dog 3．What behaviour is acceptable in the Garden? A．Picking a flower. B．Climbing a tree. C．Playing a ball game. D．Walking on the lawns. 4．Where do the free drop-in weekend tours start? A．Snowdrops. B．The Fountain. C．The Main Lawn. D．The Winter Garden. 5．What special service can visitors enjoy on the group tour? A．The company of professional guides. B．The explanation of how the Garden works. C．The extended visit in and around the Garden. D．The introduction to the birth and growth of the Garden. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍大学植物园的购票规则、游客需遵守的规定，还提及免费周末导览和需预约的团体导览，助力游客规划参观。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non- refundable (不可退款的).(这些票只能在预订的日期使用，其他日期不可使用，而且一经售出不予退款)”可知，在预订前往花园的门票之前，潜在游客应该注意是否能接受该门票预订政策。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Guidelines for Visitors部分“Children must stay with a grown-up at all times.(孩子们任何时候都必须由成年人陪同)”可知，孩子由成人陪同下可以进入花园。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Guidelines for Visitors部分“Stick strictly to the paths and lawns (草坪).(一定要沿着人行道和草坪行走)”可知，在草坪上行走是被允许的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据◆ Free Drop-in Weekend Tours部分“The free tours last one hour and start from the Fountain, near the MainLawn.(免费导览活动时长一小时，从靠近主草坪的喷泉处开始)”可知，免费的周末旅游从喷泉处开始。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Our experienced volunteer guides will help you enjoy the highlights and provide some of the background history and development of this amazing garden.(我们经验丰富的志愿者导游会帮助您领略这座花园的精华之处，并为您介绍一些有关这座神奇花园的历史背景和发展历程)”可知，团体游中游客可以享受到介绍花园的诞生与成长。故选D。 My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 1．What did the author’s mother teach her to do? A．To sew and create miniatures. B．To add imaginary figures to the dollhouse. C．To make up fairy tales set in the dollhouse. D．To do oil paintings and glue them onto the little walls. 2．Why did the author decide to update the dollhouse decades later? A．She intended to follow the trend on social media. B．She was eager to start a new career as a toy designer. C．She felt the urge to compete with other dollhouse makers. D．She was inspired by people sharing their dollhouses online. 3．What did the author learn about dollhouses from the audiobooks? A．They were initially created for play. B．People once sought comfort in them. C．Rich people sold them for money during difficult times. D．A uniform standard for their production was set in 1945. 4．What role did the dollhouse play in strengthening the emotional ties between the author and her aging mother? A．A reminder of their childhood dreams. B．A mirror of the eventful family history. C．A tool to bring back good old memories. D．A means to improve her mother’s memory. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B．Growing up with the Dollhouse C．The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D．Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，包括其来源、作者小时候与母亲一起制作玩具小屋内的物品、长大后因玩具小屋而走上写作道路，以及多年后因母亲记忆力衰退而重新更新玩具小屋，并在此过程中与母亲共度美好时光的经历。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. (妈妈俯身在我身上，双手放在我的手上，轻轻地把小块布料引到针下，做成玩具小屋的床上用品。她还教我制作迷你毯子。妈妈用一点颜料和胶水向我展示，任何东西都可以变成玩具小屋的家具。)”可知，作者的妈妈教她缝纫和制作微型物品。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. (一天，在写了四个小时的第四本书后，我上网休息了一下，碰巧注意到人们在社交媒体上发布的漂亮的玩具小屋。它们让我想起了我的玩具小屋。我去了阁楼，把它带回我的房间，开始更新它。)”可知，作者决定更新玩具小屋是因为她在网上看到人们分享他们的玩具小屋，这让她想起了自己的玩具小屋。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. (在无意识地缝纫和布置家具的几个小时里，我听了一些关于玩具小屋历史的有声书，了解到它们并不是为了玩而发明的。人们在困境中求助于玩具小屋以寻求安慰，有着悠久而丰富的历史。)”可知，作者从有声书中了解到人们曾经在玩具小屋中寻求安慰。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. (事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，玩具小屋是作者和母亲一起回忆美好旧时光的工具，在母亲记忆力衰退的情况下，它成为了加强她们之间情感联系的纽带。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. (事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy (玩具小屋：不仅仅是一个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 1．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 2．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 3．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 4．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 5．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧气稳定未演化出此能力。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信号)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder.(一旦海豹熟悉了这种设置，研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就越长)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’ re about to pass out in free-diving.(由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜水即将昏倒时也没有)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface.(因为每次我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会降低，即使其水平已经很高，这也会增加一个人在浮出水面之前无意识地昏倒的可能性)”可知，潜水员在自由潜水时经常发生事故是因为他们可能没有及时注意到二氧化碳水平的上升。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their diving behavior in response.(但最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，海豹可以感知血液中的氧气量，并相应地改变它们的潜水行为)”和第四段中“The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.(这一发现表明，海豹不仅仅是通过改变心率或呼吸来对氧气水平做出身体反应，而是它们对氧气水平有足够的意识来改变它们的行为)”可知，McKnight的海豹研究表明，海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据此采取行动。故选B。 Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 1．Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B．To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C．To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D．To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 2．What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A．Broader science education. B．More advanced facilities for experiments. C．Deeper understanding of the brain power. D．More investment in next-generation scientists. 3．How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A．They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B．They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C．They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D．They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 4．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 5．What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A．Correct ideas are testable. B．Untestable ideas can be true. C．Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D．An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出科学是探索宇宙的有力工具，但存在局限，包括需先进设备、人类认知待进化、有根本性难题难突破，还补充不可测试的想法未必错误。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. (科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于其有效应用至关重要。有时我会把刀柄当作锤子来使用，但要是手边有更合适的工具就好了。就科学而言，它在能进行测试的事物上表现得非常出色，但对于那些无法测试的事物则不然。)”可知，作者在第一段中提及“刀”和“锤子”是为了强调使用合适的工具以达到预期效果的重要性。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. (我们的大脑能够完成并且已经完成了大量的工作。但也有其局限性。有时，如果我们持续努力足够长的时间，这些局限性就会消失——我们只是需要更先进的设备和实验来得出答案。以这种方式在现代科学领域开辟新领域可能会耗费大量资源。下一代超级计算机或极其巨大的望远镜价格不菲，但这些可能是解决宇宙中一些未解之谜所必需的。)”可知，在科学领域开拓新领域时，通常需要更先进的实验设备。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. (倘若我们的DNA进化程度再提高1.2%呢？那我们的大脑又会具备怎样的能力呢？抽象思维的水平或许会令人难以想象。)”可知，作者认为人类的认知能力尚未进一步进化以更好地了解宇宙。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方。)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第五段“If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. (如果一个想法无法进行验证，这并不意味着它就是错误的。这意味着目前它还无法被验证。而这些无法验证的想法恰恰往往是最具趣味性的，可能是因为它们已经困扰人类数百年之久。)”可知，作者认为不可测试的想法也可能是正确的。故选B。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $