2025年新高考1卷阅读理解D篇说题 课件 -2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解D篇，依据高考评价体系“一核四层四翼”要求，覆盖细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，结合2023-2025年真题分析考点权重，如2025年细节题占50%、推理题占50%，对接语言能力、思维品质等学科核心素养，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题精析+变式训练+素养提升”策略，以2025年微塑料污染真题为例，用“审定比”三步法解析推理题，培养思维品质；通过七选五变式训练强化语篇逻辑，针对长难句拆解等易错点提供反拨教学，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准诊断学情，助力高效冲刺。

2025年新高考Ⅰ卷 阅读理解D篇说题 1 原题呈现 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 目录 CONTENTS 命题立意与考点分析 试题拓展与变式训练 学情分析与解题思路 趋势展望与教学启示 01 02 03 04 4 命题立意与考点分析 01 5 语篇类型 说明文(318词，蓝思值1150L-1250L) 人与自然——环境保护 原文出处 主题语境 语篇分析 文章立意 主要探讨“微塑料污染的普遍性及中国方案”，体现“微塑料治理的可行路径”与“科学研究对解决环境问题的价值” 选自NewScientist网站的一篇名为Boiling tap water can remove 80 percent of the microplastics in it https://www.newscientist.com/article/2419556-boiling-tap-water-can-remove-80-per-cent-of-the-microplastics-in-it 展现中国智慧，增强科技自信与国家认同，引导学生关注全球议题 命题语篇 一核：立德树人、服务选才、引导教学 四层：核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识 四翼：基础性、综合性、应用性、创新性 英语学科核心素养： 语言能力、文化意识、 思维品质、学习能力 命题依据 7 >>> 从高考评价体系分析 考什么 为什么考 怎么考 一核四层四翼 阅读D篇聚焦微塑料污染这一全球性环境问题，特别介绍中国科研人员提出的解决方案，其核心价值在于引导学生了解科学研究在解决环境问题中作用，培养科学探究精神和批判思维，并关注环境保护和可持续发展议题，坚定文化自信。 D篇围绕微塑料污染这一主题展开，内容涵盖环境科学、化学、生物学、工程技术等多个领域，通过多学科知识的有机融合，考察整合与应用知识、关键信息定位和推断作者意图的能力。 通过精心选材和情境设计，文章遵循“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题-评价展望”的经典逻辑链，引导学生辩证地看待研究发现，考查学生多元思维能力。 8 >>> 从课程标准分析 语言能力 1 2 3 4 文化意识 思维品质 学习能力 学科素养 9 学科素养 Language competence 语言能力 Cultural awareness 文化意识 Thinking quality 思维品质 Learning ability 学习能力 考查在科技类语篇中准确理解专业术语、实验流程与研究结论的精准信息获取能力。 考查对全球共同关注的环境污染问题及其科技应对方案的跨文化理解与人文关怀。 考查辨析实验条件与结果间的因果关系、评估研究方法局限性以及推断作者写作目的的批判性思维能力。 考查运用阅读策略处理陌生复杂科技文本，并整合信息以解决实际科学问题的能力。 >>> 从课程标准分析 解题思路与学情分析 02 11 文章结构 D 1. Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.  2. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.  3. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.  4. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.  5. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 问题现象 解决方案 局限说明 聚焦应用 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 题目设问 解题思路 解题三步走“审定比”：审题干→定原文→比选项 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 考点：细节理解题，考查对段落写作手法与功能的识别，要求学生判断作者在第一段是如何引入和呈现“微塑料污染”这一议题的。 思路：定位第一段。原文通过列举微塑料存在于“deep sea”, “Himalayas”, “stomachs of seabirds”, “Antarctic snow” 和 “inside humans” 这些具体地点和实例，来生动说明其无处不在，从而引出话题。 解题思路 Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?  A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.  考点：细节理解题，考查对文中因果与条件关系的细节理解能力。要求学生准确定位决定该方法有效性的关键因素。 思路：定位第二段。第一句话“这一过程依赖水中含有足量的碳酸钙来吸附塑料微粒”，并后续用硬水（高碳酸钙）和软水（低碳酸钙）的实验数据对比，证明了水的硬度（由碳酸钙含量决定）是关键。B（冷却时间）、C（过滤频率）文中未提，D（塑料类型）是研究的局限性，而非决定煮沸法效果的因素。 解题思路 Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 考点：推理判断题，考查对作者写作目的与段落功能的推理判断能力。要求学生理解作者在上下文中提及某个细节的意图。 思路：定位第四段。第一句话展示了研究结果，紧接着举例“瓶装水中的微塑料含量比想象中高10到1000倍”，由此可知，作者用人们司空见惯的瓶装水做例子是为了说明塑料污染问题无处不在，即使被认为干净的瓶装水也未能幸免，从而强化问题的严重性和普遍性，并反衬出寻找解决方案（如煮沸自来水）的必要性。 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?  A. Choice of new research methods.         B. Possible direction for further study.  C. Need to involve more researchers.         D. Potential application of the findings.  Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 解题思路 考点：推理判断题，考查要求学生在区分事实、研究发现与第三方评价的基础上，抓住专家建议的核心。 思路：定位第五段。 Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay在评价该研究“演示得很好”之后，直接提出“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料。”，这是将实验室层面的研究发现，推向公共基础设施层面的实际应用建议。她的建议是针对研究发现的应用(A)，而非新的研究方法(A)、进一步的研究方向(B)或招募更多研究人员(C)。 学情分析 题号 正确答案 正答率 答案 A B C D 32 C 91.25 1 4 73 2 33 A 57.50 46 4 10 20 34 B 67.50 5 54 7 14 35 D 45.00 8 30 6 36 选取文理科各一个平行班80名学生进行10分钟限时练习。 班级学生答题情况分析 18 学情分析 问卷调查失分原因 分数段 难点 需求 2.5（答对1题） DE ABCDE 5（答对2题） C BCDF 7.5（答对3题） B BCDE 10（4题全对） A CD B/C：文章大致能看懂，不知道选哪个，模棱两可 B.长难句的结构分析与快速拆解方法 C.语篇逻辑的梳理技巧（如行文结构、段落关系判断） D.不同题型（细节题、推理题、观点态度题等）的解题技巧 19 01. 夯实词汇基础知识 加强词汇积累的广度和深度，除了核心词汇之外，还要积累合成词、一词多义、熟词生义等，掌握构词规律。 02. 重视长难句分析 要刻意训练对长难句的分析，帮助学生迅速准确抓住主句意思，化繁为简，抓住关键信息。 03. 强化语篇分析能力 引导学生把握文章的结构框架，逻辑脉络以及作者写作意图，强化整体阅读能力。 04.鼓励课外阅读 拓宽阅读视野，尤其关注全球议题与中国实践的结合。 反拨教学 试题拓展与变式训练 03 21 变式训练 阅读理解D篇变式七选五 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth, reaching places like the deep sea, the Himalayas and even fresh Antarctic snow. Worse still, they have been found inside the human body. ____1___ A recent study, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters by Chinese researchers, offers a possible solution. It shows that a simple and low-cost method can greatly lower microplastic levels in tap water: boiling and filtering. ___2___ This simple two-step process can remove at least 80 percent of microplastics from tap water. However, the effectiveness of this method isn’t universal. ____3____ Calcium carbonate in water plays a key role in trapping microplastics. When the researchers boiled hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate, the microplastic level fell by almost 90 percent. But boiling water with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate only cut microplastic levels by just 25 percent. Additionally, the study only focused on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene. It didn’t include other plastic types or other harmful chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. ___4___ The study focused on just three common types of plastics: polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. It didn’t include other plastic types or other harmful chemicals, and perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) were not tested either. B C E G 22 变式训练 阅读理解D篇变式七选五 Even with these limits, though, the research is a breakthrough, as microplastic exposure is proving hard to challenge. ____5____ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” A. What makes microplastic pollution so widespread? B. This has raised widespread concerns about microplastics’ impact on human health. C. One easy way to remove some of these is to boil water first then filter it. D. Eliminating microplastics already in the human body remains a massive challenge. E. The reason behind this has a lot to do with the water’s content F. However, filtering alone cannot remove microplastics that remain after the water cools down. G. Yet this method is far from sufficient to fully eliminate microplastic intake in daily life. F 23 趋势展望与教学启示 04 24 “群体智慧” 效应 人与社会 说明文 生物多样性记录的相关研究 人与自然 说明文 微塑料污染及应对方法 人与自然 说明文 25 语篇类型 系列 2 2023 2024 2025 353 358 318 26 题型 细节理解题 2023 2024 2025 1 3 2 推理判断题 2023 2024 2025 2 1 2 主旨大意 题 2023 2024 2025 1 0 0 命题特点 01 关注现实议题 从多元主题到全球议题与本土实践结合，主题广泛且贴近前沿。紧跟全球大事，锁定人类核心挑战。 02 强调文本逻辑 推理判断题对思维品质要求较高，单纯寻找字面答案的题目减少，需要理解、分析、推断的题目增加。 03 渗透学科融合 学科跨界成为主流，这要求考生整合多学科知识，考查信息整合与逻辑推理的高阶能力。 教学启示 01 拓展主题阅读 围绕“人与自然”“人与社会”的全球议题，补充环境保护、科技发展、社会现象等主题的说明文素材，让学生接触跨学科语篇，积累相关背景知识与词汇。 02 强化逻辑训练 在课堂中引导学生分析说明文的篇章结构与逻辑关系，通过“梳理文本框架→分析说明逻辑→进行推理判断”的训练，提升学生的逻辑思维能力。 03 渗透学科融合 联合生物、地理等学科开展跨学科阅读活动，让学生学会整合多学科知识解读语篇，培养信息整合与高阶推理的能力，契合高考命题的学科融合趋势。 我们立足语篇整体，以主旨大意为主线，以词汇为基石，分析语篇结构，破解长难句，高效应对高考题型。 说题完毕，感谢指正！ 29 $