内容正文:
编写说明:【2027版】广东省(“3+证书”考试)《英语二轮讲练测》紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的21个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套讲义、课件和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。
本专题是【2027版】广东省(“3+证书”考试)《英语二轮讲练测》的第5个专题,内容为名词与名词辨析。
【2027版】广东省(“3+证书”考试)《英语二轮讲练测》
专题5 名词与名词辨析(讲义)
目录
01 考情总结
02 真题动向
03 必备知识
04 命题预测
考查内容
年份及题号
题型
名词词义辨析
2022词汇8/10
2023词汇15
2024词汇6/7/12/13
2025词汇6/7/10
2026词汇7/8/12
词汇
语境名词辨析
2022完形29、34、36、40
2023完形17、20、24、25、26
2024完形24、25、27、28
2025完形16、18、20、22、28
2026完形16、19、21、24、25
完形填空
名词单复数变形
2022语法填空60(lie)
2023语法填空55(foot)
2024语法填空47(problem)
2025语法填空48(patient)
2026语法填空53(order)
语法填空
词性转换(形/变动名词)
2022语法填空56(important)
语法填空
命题轨迹透视:近五年广东省英语真题中,名词词义辨析是全卷词汇核心得分点,在词汇与语法部分每年考查2-4题(占比20%-40%),完形填空依靠名词区分上下文逻辑,每年考查4-5题,在语法填空中每年考查1-2题,固定两大名词考法:①形容词变抽象名词(2022年考过important→importance,持续复刻句式the + 名词 + of);②可数名词规则复数(2024、2025、2026连续三年考many/some后名词+s变形);主要涉及:名词词义辨析、名词单复数变化、名词所有格、名词作定语以及抽象名词与具体名词的区分。整体趋势:从单一词义记忆向语境化理解和名词功能运用推进。素材特征:所有考查名词全部取自生活、校园、职场、自然环保类真题阅读/完形原文,无超纲冷僻名词。
【考点1:名词词义释义辨析】
1.(2022年广东省词汇与语法第8题)
Jane exercises every day and she is always full of energy.
A.勇气 B.信心 C.精力 D.热情
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:简每天锻炼,她总是精力充沛。名词 “energy” 意为 “精力”,结合句意选 C。
2.(2022年广东省词汇与语法第10题)
We all know the benefits of protecting the environment.
A.益处 B.意义 C.优点 D.目的
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们都知道保护环境的益处。名词 “benefits” 意为 “益处”,结合句意选 A。
3.(2023年广东省词汇与语法第15题)
The failure was an unexpected blow to him.
A 机会 B.教训 C 打击 D.变故
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:这次失败对他来说是一次意外的打击。名词 “blow” 意为 “打击”,结合句意选 C。
4.(2024年广东省词汇与语法第6题)
There are only three flights a day to London.
A.旅行 B.航班 C.名额 D.机会
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:每天只有三班飞往伦敦的航班。名词 “flights” 意为 “航班”,结合句意选 B。
5.(2024年广东省词汇与语法第7题)
we waited for him to give us the signal to move.
A.命令 B.许可 C.标志 D.信号
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们等待他给我们行动的信号。名词 “signal” 意为 “信号”,结合句意选 D。
6.(2024年广东省词汇与语法第12题)
The couple raised a baby girl.
A.夫妇 B. 兄弟 C. 父母 D. 姐妹
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:这对夫妇抚养了一个女婴。名词 “couple” 意为 “夫妇”,结合句意选 A。
7.(2024年广东省词汇与语法第13题)
There has been a rapid increase in pill exports.
A.资源 B.出口 C.报告 D. 价格
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:药品出口出现快速增长。名词 “exports” 意为 “出口”,结合句意选 B。
8.(2025年广东省词汇第6题)
He delivered a formal address at the open-air meeting.
A. 致辞 B. 地址 C. 文件 D. 产品
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:他在露天会议上发表正式致辞。名词 “address” 此处意为 “致辞”,结合句意选 A。
9.(2025年广东省词汇第7题)
Senior consumers want more information about what they buy.
A. 快递员 B. 服务员 C. 消费者 D. 管理者
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:老年消费者想要更多关于所购商品的信息。名词 “consumers” 意为 “消费者”,结合句意选 C。
10.(2025年广东省词汇第10题)
I have no sympathy for Jane, it’s all her fault.
A. 兴趣 B. 厌恶 C. 鼓励 D. 同情
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意:我不同情简,这全是她的错。名词 “sympathy” 意为 “同情”,结合句意选 D。
11.(2026年广东省词汇第7题)
He got better after he received proper treatment in hospital.
A. 款待 B. 判断 C. 治疗 D. 分析
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:在医院接受恰当的治疗之后,他好转了。名词 “treatment” 意为 “治疗”,结合句意选 C。
12.(2026年广东省词汇第8题)
The new farming methods have brought the farmers a good harvest.
A. 收成 B. 印象 C. 评论 D. 薪水
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:新的耕作方法给农民带来好收成。名词 “harvest” 意为 “收成”,结合句意选 A。
13.(2026年广东省词汇第12题)
More and more companies are using Chinese software.
A. 专利 B. 芯片 C. 技术 D. 软件
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意:越来越多公司正在使用中国软件。名词 “software” 意为 “软件”,结合句意选 D。
1.真题一词多义核心名词
· flight n. 飞行;航班
· address n. 地址;(正式)致辞
· treatment n. 款待;治疗
· blow n. 吹风;(心理)打击
2.真题场景分类名词
· 医疗类:treatment, patient
· 交通类:flight, signal
· 生活类:couple, software, harvest
· 抽象名词:energy, benefit, blow, importance
3.解题标准步骤(贴合真题出题逻辑)
① 定位句子场景(医院/机场/会场/农田);
② 匹配该场景下名词专属释义;
③ 排除与场景无关中文选项。
知识1 真题名词分类(按试卷考查频次划分)
1. 具象普通名词(词汇释义高频)
· 交通出行:flight 航班;journey 长途旅途
· 物品工具:signal 信号;software 软件;ticket 票
· 人物身份:couple 夫妇;consumer 消费者;patient 病人
· 地点环境:area 区域;hotel 酒店;grass 草
2. 抽象名词(完形+语法填空高频)
· sympathy 同情;news 消息;change 改变;harvest 收成;importance 重要性;advice 建议
3. 真题专属名词短语:pill exports 药品出口;farming methods 耕作方式
知识2 两类题型解题技巧
词汇释义题:题干完整不挖空,只考察划线名词单一中文释义,背诵真题出现名词词义即可直接得分;
知识3 真题必考名词固定搭配
· safe and sound 安然无恙(2026词汇15)
· take medicine 吃药(2023词汇6)
· a rapid increase 快速增长(2024词汇13)
· have no sympathy for 对……毫无同情(2025词汇10)
· 注意区分"benefit"与"advantage":benefit侧重实际利益,advantage侧重比较优势;
· 注意"consumer"与"customer":consumer用于宏观市场层面,customer用于具体交易场景;
· 注意抽象名词与具体名词的区分:如"knowledge"(抽象)与"book"(具体)。
· address只记忆“地址”,忽略会议场景“致辞”,2025真题高频丢分;
· flight真题只考查“航班”,不考动词义“飞行”,词义混淆易选错;
· couple仅指“一对夫妇”,不可指代家人、朋友;
· harvest限定农业“收成”,不能用于抽象收获;
· 脱离句子场景,只背单词单一中文意思。
1.持续考查一词多义名词辨析;
2.保留场景限定词义命题方式,医疗、交通、会议为固定出题场景;
选出划线名词对应的正确中文含义
1.It is a great adventure for us to travel through the forest in summer.
A. 冒险 B. 收获 C. 任务 D. 比赛
2.Please put some rice into that bowl before you sit down for dinner.
A. 袋子 B. 碗 C. 盒子 D. 篮子
3.He took out one coin and gave it to the poor boy on the street.
A. 卡片 B. 票据 C. 硬币 D. 邮票
4.My teacher gave me some useful advice on how to learn English well.
A. 消息 B. 建议 C. 计划 D. 承诺
5.A big branch fell down from the tree after the strong wind last night.
A. 树枝 B. 石头 C. 果实 D. 树叶
6.Many new houses have been built in this quiet area during these years.
A. 楼层 B. 地区 C. 角落 D. 出口
7.You can see many beautiful lights hanging on the high ceiling of the hall.
A. 墙壁 B. 地板 C. 天花板 D. 窗户
8.You have to make a wise choice between these two different jobs now.
A. 选择 B. 承诺 C. 回答 D. 报告
9.If you work hard, you will get a good chance to show your real talent.
A. 理由 B. 机会 C. 习惯 D. 方法
10.The cleaner keeps our classroom tidy and clean every single school day.
A. 顾客 B. 志愿者 C. 清洁工 D. 服务员
11.When you see this red signal, you must stop your car at once on the road.
A. 信号 B. 标记 C. 图案 D. 海报
12.As a teenager, he likes to spend much time reading books in his free time.
A. 幼儿 B. 青少年 C. 成年人 D. 老年人
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:夏天穿越森林对我们来说是一次很棒的冒险。名词 “adventure” 意为 “冒险”,结合句意选 A。
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:坐下吃饭前,请往那个碗里盛一些米饭。名词 “bowl” 意为 “碗”,结合句意选 B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:他拿出一枚硬币,把它给了街上那个贫穷的男孩。名词 “coin” 意为 “硬币”,结合句意选 C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:我的老师给了我一些学好英语的有用建议。名词 “advice” 意为 “建议”,结合句意选 B。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:昨晚大风过后,一根大树枝从树上掉了下来。名词 “branch” 意为 “树枝”,结合句意选 A。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:这些年这片安静的地区建起了许多新房子。名词 “area” 意为 “地区”,结合句意选 B。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:你可以看到大厅高高的天花板上挂着许多漂亮的灯。名词 “ceiling” 意为 “天花板”,结合句意选 C。
8.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:你现在必须在这两份不同的工作之间做出明智的选择。名词 “choice” 意为 “选择”,结合句意选 A。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:如果你努力,你会得到展示自己真正才能的好机会。名词 “chance” 意为 “机会”,结合句意选 B。
10.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意:每个上学日,清洁工都把我们的教室保持得整洁干净。名词 “cleaner” 意为 “清洁工”,结合句意选 C。
11.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意:在路上看到这个红色信号时,你必须立刻停车。名词 “signal” 意为 “信号”,结合句意选 A。
12.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。句意:作为一名青少年,他空闲时喜欢花大量时间看书。名词 “teenager” 意为 “青少年”,结合句意选 B。
【考点2:完形填空:语境逻辑名词辨析】
1.(2022年广东省完形填空第29-40题)
Christy, a 34-year-old sea protection scientist, never knew that an eight-minute video would make a difference to the entire world. In August 2015, she found a sea turtle with a plastic straw blocking its nose. Feeling angry and shocked at the great discomfort to the turtle, Christy filmed her research team taking away the straw. Blood came out slowly from the turtle's __29__.
The heartbreaking video has reached more than 32 million hits on the Internet. "I can really show how harmful a plastic straw can be." she says. Americans use as many as 390 million plastic straws a day Just a small part of them ending in the sea but they may kill sea animals. Though Christy's __34__ is three years old, today it continues to attract people and win more __36__. In July this year, many famous companies promise to stop using plastic straws step by step. "We can all do something to end plastic." Christy says.
Apart from doing research on protecting the sea, Christy spends her time visiting schools to educate young people "I want to tell them that they can be __40__ like me and fix the plastic problem in a scientific way." Christy says.
29. A.mouth B.ear C.nose D.eye
34. A.photo B.video C.cartoon D.show
36. A.victory B.support C.games D.chances
40. A.scientists B.customers C.teachers D.workers
【导语】本文讲述海洋保护科学家 Christy 拍摄下海龟被塑料吸管堵住鼻子的视频,该视频引发广泛关注,推动企业停用塑料吸管,她也呼吁年轻人以科学方式解决塑料污染问题。
29.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:血从海龟的鼻子慢慢流出来。
mouth 嘴;ear 耳朵;nose 鼻子;eye 眼睛。根据原文 “In August 2015, she found a sea turtle with a plastic straw blocking its nose.(2015 年 8 月,她发现一只海龟,一根塑料吸管堵住了它的鼻子。)” 可知,吸管堵在海龟鼻子,取吸管时血从鼻子流出。
34.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然 Christy 的视频已经过去三年,但如今它继续吸引人们,获得更多的支持。
photo 照片;video 视频;cartoon 卡通;show 节目。根据原文 “The heartbreaking video has reached more than 32 million hits on the Internet.(这段令人心碎的视频在互联网上的点击量已经超过 3200 万次。)” 可知,此处指的是这段视频。
36.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然 Christy 的视频已经过去三年,但如今它继续吸引人们,获得更多的支持。
victory 胜利;support 支持;games 游戏;chances 机会。根据原文 “In July this year, many famous companies promise to stop using plastic straws step by step.(今年 7 月,许多知名企业承诺逐步停止使用塑料吸管。)”,企业响应说明这件事收获了更多人的支持。
40.【答案】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想告诉他们,他们可以像我一样成为科学家,用科学的方式解决塑料问题。
scientists 科学家;customers 顾客;teachers 老师;workers 工人。根据原文 “Christy, a 34‑year‑old sea protection scientist(Christy,一位 34 岁的海洋保护科学家)” 以及后文 “fix the plastic problem in a scientific way(用科学的方式解决塑料问题)”,Christy 自身是科学家,希望年轻人也能成为科学家。
2.(2023年广东省完形填空第17-26题)
When mouse was out gathering food for the winter, Buffalo(野牛)came down to eat the grass. The little mouse did not like this, for he knew that Buffalo would eat all the long_17_, and there would be no place for him to hide. He made up his mind to fight Buffalo. “Hi, Buffalo, I challenge you to a fight!” He cried in an angry __20__.
Buffalo looked at him and replied, “You’d better shut up, little one, or I shall step on you and there will be nothing left!”
But Mouse angrily repeated the challenge.
Buffalo rushed toward Mouse and stepped on him heavily. Then he looked down. To his __24__, he could not find Mouse anywhere. Just then he felt a pain inside his right __25__. He shook his head as hard as he could, and ran here and there wildly. But the __26__ went deeper and deeper until at last he fell to the ground and lay still. Mouse came out of his ear, and stood proudly upon his body. “Wow!” He shouted loudly, “I have defeated the greatest animal of all!”
In another part of the grassland, the hungry Red Fox heard the shout. He ran as fast as he could in the direction of the shout. Soon he came upon the hungry body of Buffalo with the little mouse still sleeping upon it. Fox jumped upon Mouse, who gave one last cry and disappeared.
17.A.roots B.leaves C.grasses D.branches
20.A.reply B.voice C.song D.move
24.A.joy B.regret C.surprise D.satisfy
25.A.eye B.leg C.hand D.ear
26.A.fear B.worry C .curiosity D.pain
【导语】这是一则寓言小故事。老鼠储备过冬食物时,野牛跑来吃光长草,老鼠没有藏身之处,于是向野牛发起决斗,最终智取野牛,可胜利的老鼠却被赶来的狐狸捕获。
17.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:小老鼠不喜欢这样,因为他知道野牛会吃掉所有长长的草,那他就没有地方可以躲藏了。
roots 根;leaves 树叶;grasses 草;branches 树枝。根据原文 “When mouse was out gathering food for the winter, Buffalo(野牛)came down to eat the grass.(老鼠外出收集过冬食物的时候,野牛过来吃草。)” 可知野牛吃的是草。
20.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:“嘿,野牛,我向你挑战决斗!” 他怒气冲冲地大喊。
reply 回复;voice 嗓音,声音;song 歌曲;move 动作。in an angry voice 为固定搭配,表示 “用愤怒的嗓音”,用来描述说话时的语气。
24.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:令他吃惊的是,他到处都找不到老鼠。
joy 喜悦;regret 后悔;surprise 惊讶;satisfy 使满足(动词)。to one’s surprise 是固定短语,意为 “令某人惊讶的是”,野牛重重踩下去,却找不到老鼠,内心感到意外。
25.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:就在这时,他感觉自己右耳朵里面一阵疼痛。
eye 眼睛;leg 腿;hand 手;ear 耳朵。根据原文 “Mouse came out of his ear, and stood proudly upon his body.(老鼠从他的耳朵里钻了出来,骄傲地站在他的身上。)” 可以得知老鼠躲进了野牛的耳朵。
26.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:可是疼痛感越来越强烈,最后他倒在地上一动不动。
fear 恐惧;worry 担忧;curiosity 好奇;pain 疼痛。根据上文 “Just then he felt a pain inside his right ear.(就在这时,他感觉自己右耳朵里面一阵疼痛。)”,此处指疼痛不断加剧。
3.(2024年广东省完形填空第24-28题)
A water bird was too old to catch fish like before. One day, he came up with a good idea. Then he sat by the side of a lake looking sad. A crab living near the lake noticed that and asked what was wrong with him. The bird said he felt sorry for the creatures living around the lake, for a strange man had said with certainty that the lake would dry up soon. The crab became worried. He went to the fishes in the lake and told them the bad news.These poor fishes were frightened but the bird said he could help.
There was a very big lake some distance from their lake. He said he could take all of them there one by one. All the fishes agreed to the __24__. Not surprisingly, those fishes taken by the bird became the bird's __25__.
After some days, the bird was tired of eating fish, and he offered to help the crab move to the big lake,too. But when he was going to drop the __27__ on the rocks and then eat him.The crab realized he was in great __28__. With his powerful claws (钳 子), he wouldn't let go off the old bird. They both fell to the ground and died.
24.A.dream B. plan C. request D.condition
25.A. friends B. choices C. dinner D.favorite
27.A. bird B. fish C. crab D.man
28.A. shape B. state C. need D.danger
【导语】本文是一则寓言故事。一只水鸟年老抓不到鱼,便编造湖水即将干涸的谎言欺骗湖里的鱼虾,把鱼儿骗走当作食物,最后在企图加害螃蟹时,与螃蟹同归于尽。
24.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的鱼都同意了这个计划。
dream 梦想;plan 计划;request 请求;condition 条件。根据原文 “He said he could take all of them there one by one.(他说他可以把它们一条一条带到那里。)”,这是水鸟提出的救助方案,鱼同意了这个计划。
25.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:不出所料,那些被水鸟带走的鱼成了水鸟的晚餐。
friends 朋友;choices 选择;dinner 晚餐;favorite 特别喜爱的事物。根据文章开头 “A water bird was too old to catch fish like before.(一只水鸟年纪太大,不能像从前一样捕鱼了。)”,水鸟欺骗鱼儿,目的就是吃掉它们,鱼儿变成了它的食物。
27.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:可就在他准备把螃蟹摔到岩石上面,然后吃掉它的时候。
bird 鸟;fish 鱼;crab 螃蟹;man 男人。根据上文 “he offered to help the crab move to the big lake,too(他还主动提出帮助螃蟹搬到大湖里)”,此时水鸟要加害的对象是螃蟹。
28.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:螃蟹意识到自己处境十分危险。
shape 外形;state 状态;need 需要;danger 危险。in great danger 为固定搭配,意为 “处于巨大的危险之中”,螃蟹看穿水鸟的阴谋,知道自己快要被吃掉。
4.(2025年广东省完形填空第16-28题)
One day, Lucy took a late-night flight to Beijing. The flight was unexpectedly full. As the last __16__ to board the plane, Lucy had to leave her bag in an area away from her. After two hours, the plane landed. Lucy rushed out of the airport and headed off to the hotel to have a good __18__.
When Lucy got into the hotel room, she immediately threw herself onto the bed. Suddenly, she remembered that she still had some urgent work to do. She got up and looked for her __20__ where she had put her laptop (笔记本电脑). But she couldn’t find it.
“Oh, my goodness!” Lucy shouted. “I left the bag on the plane.” She picked up her phone and searched for the __22__ of the airline company. Lucy wondered whether it was possible to get help so late at night. Luckily, she found a hotline number and made the call. She was quite delighted to get through. After explaining what had happened, she was asked to wait for a reply. Keeping her fingers crossed, Lucy walked up and down the room worriedly.
An hour later, Lucy received a __28__ from the airport. It turned out that her bag had been sent to the lost-and-found department of the airport. She hurried back to the airport at once and collected her belongings.
16. A. pilot B. guard C. driver D. passenger
18. A. sleep B. meal C. talk D. bath
20. A. key B. bag C. phone D. passport
22. A. map B. name C. number D. picture
28. A. call B. gift C. letter D. ticket
【导语】短文讲述露西乘坐深夜航班去往北京,因满员将手提包放在远处,入住酒店后才发现包遗落在飞机上,她拨通航空公司热线,最后接到机场通知取回自己物品的经历。
16.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为最后一名登机的乘客,露西不得不把包放在离自己较远的位置。
pilot 飞行员;guard 警卫;driver 司机;passenger 乘客。根据原文 “One day, Lucy took a late‑night flight to Beijing.(一天,露西乘坐一班深夜航班前往北京。)” 可知露西是坐飞机的乘客。
18.【答案】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:露西冲出机场,赶往酒店好好睡一觉。
sleep 睡觉;meal 一餐;talk 交谈;bath 洗澡。根据原文 “took a late‑night flight(乘坐深夜航班)” 以及 “threw herself onto the bed(一头倒在床上)”,深夜抵达酒店,她是想要好好休息睡觉。
20.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:她起身去找那个放着笔记本电脑的包,但是找不到它。
key 钥匙;bag 包;phone 手机;passport 护照。根据原文 “I left the bag on the plane.(我把包落在飞机上了。)” 可知她在寻找自己的包。
22.【答案】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:她拿起手机,查找航空公司的号码。
map 地图;name 名字;number 号码;picture 图片。根据原文 “Luckily, she found a hotline number and made the call.(幸运的是,她找到了热线号码并打了电话。)”,打电话需要查找号码。
28.【答案】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:一小时之后,露西接到来自机场的一通电话。
call 电话;gift 礼物;letter 信件;ticket 票。前文露西拨打了航空公司热线,结合语境,机场这边给她回电,receive a call 表示接到电话。
5.(2026年广东省完形填空第16-25题)
Rosa was a middle school teacher. Recently, she learned from many parents that their kids spent too much time on smart phones at home. Hoping to make a __16__, Rosa held a discussion in class to help her students think about their use of phones.
Some students said phones were very helpful because they could use phones to search for information. However, other students had a different opinion. They said phones had eaten up their time with friends. They used to have __19__ with friends in the playground at weekends, but now their friends liked playing with their phones at home.
At the end of the __21__, Rosa explained, “Smart phones aren’t bad, but spending too much time on them can make us miss out on fun or important moments.” Hearing this, one of the students suggested a no-phone day. The whole class agreed at once.
The next Saturday, Rosa brought the students to the local __24__ to help clean it up. The students handed in their __25__ to Rosa. Then they raced to pick up litter. They cheered each other on and laughed happily. They totally forgot their phones. When the students finished their work in the park, Rosa praised them, “You’ve done a great job by working together. More importantly, you’ve spent a day without phones!”
From this activity, the students learned to balance phone use with real-world action. They understood they could be closer by building stronger friendship through teamwork and face-to-face fun.
16. A. list B. dream C. fortune D. change
19. A. fun B. fear C. trouble D. housework
21. A. position B. discussion C. examination D. competition
24. A. zoo B. park C. yard D. garden
25. A. food B. litter C. flowers D. phones
【导语】本文讲述中学老师罗莎发现学生在家过度使用智能手机,于是在班级开展讨论,同学们提议设立无手机日,并一起到公园做志愿清洁活动,同学们学会平衡手机使用与现实生活。
16.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:希望做出改变,罗莎在班上开展一场讨论,帮助学生思考手机使用问题。
list 清单;dream 梦想;fortune 财富;change 改变。根据原文 “Recently, she learned from many parents that their kids spent too much time on smart phones at home.(最近,她从许多家长那里了解到,他们的孩子在家花太多时间玩智能手机。)”,罗莎想要改变学生沉迷手机的现状,make a change 意为 “做出改变”。
19.【答案】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们过去周末常在操场上和朋友玩耍嬉戏,但是现在朋友们喜欢在家玩手机。
fun 乐趣;fear 恐惧;trouble 麻烦;housework 家务。根据原文 “They said phones had eaten up their time with friends.(他们说手机占用了他们和朋友相处的时间。)”,used to have fun 表示 “过去一起玩乐”。
21.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在讨论的最后,罗莎解释道:“智能手机本身没有错,但是花太多时间在上面会让我们错过有趣或者重要的时刻。”
position 位置;discussion 讨论;examination 考试;competition 比赛。根据原文 “Hoping to make a change, Rosa held a discussion in class(为了做出改变,罗莎在班里举行了一场讨论)”,此处指这场班级讨论结束。
24.【答案】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:第二个周六,罗莎带领学生去当地公园帮忙打扫。
zoo 动物园;park 公园;yard 院子;garden 花园。根据原文 “When the students finished their work in the park(当学生们完成在公园的工作时)”,可知地点是公园。
25.【答案】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:学生们把手机上交给罗莎。
food 食物;litter 垃圾;flowers 鲜花;phones 手机。根据上文 “one of the students suggested a no‑phone day(有一位学生提议设立无手机日)”,开展无手机活动,学生上交手机。
真题命题规律(三道真题总结)
1.解题核心:原文前后名词复现、固定名词短语、动作匹配事物名词,不靠主观翻译;线索定位解题法
①原词复现:后文出现的场地/物品名词,前文空直接选该词;
② 动作匹配:clean up打扫场地→park;捕食动物→in danger;
排除原则:与故事主线无关名词选项直接排除。
2.常考固定名词短语(真题原文出现):in danger、make a change、full of energy;
话题固定:动物小故事、校园活动、生活记叙文。
3.完形名词辨析题:依托真题原文固定线索判断
① 搭配线索:airline company(航空公司)→搭配number(联系电话);bad修饰抽象名词news;good修饰harvest;
② 固定搭配线索:make a change 固定短语,直接锁定名词change。
完形填空中的名词考查需要考生在理解上下文的基础上,选择最符合语境和逻辑关系的名词。
知识1 根据上下文线索选择名词
例1(2022年完形第29题):nose。前文提到"a plastic straw blocking its nose"(一根塑料吸管堵住了它的鼻子),此处"Blood came out slowly from the turtle's nose"(血从海龟的鼻子里慢慢流出),上下文呼应,故选C。
知识2 根据固定搭配选择名词
例2(2023年完形第20题):voice。固定搭配"in an angry voice"意为"用愤怒的声音",故选B。
例3(2026年完形第16题):change。固定搭配"make a change"意为"做出改变",前文提到孩子们花太多时间在手机上,Rosa希望做出改变,故选D。
知识3 根据逻辑关系选择名词
· 完形填空中的名词选择题要注意上下文的呼应和逻辑关系;
· 注意固定搭配和常见词组中名词的固定用法;
· 注意排除与上下文情感色彩不符的选项;
· 注意名词的单复数形式是否与前后文一致。
· 忽略上下文名词线索,仅凭单词翻译选答案,2022 turtle一题极易误选mouth;
· 混淆in need(需要)与in danger(危险)固定搭配;
· 看不到后文原词复现,主观臆断场地、物品名词。
1.持续考查“前后文原词复现”类名词空,为拉分核心题型;
2.保留in danger等名词固定短语辨析;
3.记叙文话题:动物寓言、校园实践活动为主。
1.If you want to improve your English, you should enlarge your ______.
A. voice B. vocabulary C. sound D. noise
2.There is no ______ for you to worry about his safety. He is old enough.
A. reason B. cause C. result D. idea
3.My mother bought me a new ______ as my birthday gift. I can put many books in it.
A. box B. case C. bag D. suitcase
4.The ______ of the meeting is to talk about the new school rules.
A. purpose B. reason C. cause D. excuse
5.You should take your ______. It’s going to rain.
A. tool B. instrument C. umbrella D. equipment
6.He has made great ______ in his study this term.
A. progress B. progressions C. project D. promise
7.—What’s your ______ for being late again?
—I missed the early bus.
A. idea B. excuse C. thought D. mind
8.We should have a good ______ between study and rest.
A. balance B. chance C. choice D. business
9.The ______ of this book is about the life of teenagers.
A. topic B. subject C. theme D. problem
10.Reading is a good ______ to open your eyes to the world.
A. way B. road C. street D. path
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你想提高英语,你应该扩大你的词汇量。
vocabulary 词汇;voice 嗓音;sound 声音;noise 噪音,enlarge one’s vocabulary 为固定搭配 “扩大词汇量”。
2.【答案】A
【解析】句意:你没有理由担心他的安全,他已经足够大了。
reason 理由;cause 起因;result 结果;idea 想法。no reason for sb to do “某人没有理由做某事”。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意:妈妈给我买了一个新书包作为生日礼物,我可以往里面放很多书。
bag 包、书包;box 盒子;case 箱子;suitcase 行李箱。能装书的日常物品选 bag。
4.【答案】A
【解析】句意:这次会议的目的是讨论新的校规。
purpose 目的;reason 理由;cause 起因;excuse 借口。the purpose of …“…… 的目的”。
5.【答案】C
【解析】句意:你应该带上雨伞,快要下雨了。
umbrella 雨伞;tool 工具;instrument 乐器;equipment 设备。下雨要带雨伞。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意:这学期他在学习上取得了很大进步。
progress 进步(不可数名词);progression 进程;project 项目;promise 承诺。make great progress “取得巨大进步” 固定短语。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意:—— 你又迟到的借口是什么?—— 我错过了早班车。
excuse 借口;idea 主意;thought 想法;mind 头脑。询问迟到的借口选 excuse。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们应该在学习和休息之间保持良好的平衡。
balance 平衡;chance 机会;choice 选择;business 生意。have a good balance between…and…“在…… 和…… 之间保持平衡”。
9.【答案】C
【解析】句意:这本书的主题是关于青少年的生活。
theme(书籍、作品的)主题;topic 话题;subject 科目;problem 问题。书本整体主旨用 theme。
10.【答案】A
【解析】句意:阅读是开阔眼界认识世界的好方式。
way 方式,方法;road 公路;street 街道;path 小路。a good way to do sth “做某事的好方法”。
【考点3:语法填空:名词变形(抽象名词/单复数)】
1.(2022年广东省语法填空第56题)
In his opinion, young people nowadays were not being taught the __56__ (important) of knowing the difference between right and wrong.
【答案】importance
【解析】句意:在他看来,现在的年轻人没有被教会明辨是非的重要性。
定冠词 the 后面需要接名词;important 是形容词,名词形式为importance,the importance of … 表示 “…… 的重要性”。
2.(2022年广东省语法填空第60题)
... we' re having a contest. we' re telling ______ (lie).
【答案】lies
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:…… 我们正在比赛,我们在说谎。固定搭配 tell lies “说谎”,lie 作 “谎言” 为可数名词,用复数形式 lies。
3.(2023年广东省语法填空第55题)
As the end approached, Cara had put all her effort into those last few __55__ (foot).
【答案】feet
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:终点临近,卡拉把全部精力投入到最后的那几英尺。few 后接可数名词复数,foot 的复数为 feet。
4.(2024年广东省语法填空第47题)
They created __47__ (problem) for her.
【答案】problems
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:他们给她制造了麻烦。problem 是可数名词,此处表示泛指,用复数 problems。
5.(2025年广东省语法填空第48题)
There, Clare learned that doctors cure illnesses and help __48__ (patient) get well.
【答案】patients
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:在那里,克莱尔了解到医生治疗疾病,帮助病人康复。patient 意为 “病人”,可数名词,此处表一类人,用复数 patients。
6.(2026年广东省语法填空第53题)
She received many __53__ (order) from customers online and went cooking at their homes.
【答案】orders
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:她收到很多网上顾客的订单,上门到他们家里做饭。many 后接可数名词复数,order “订单”,复数形式 orders。
真题命题规律
1.两类永久必考变形:①形容词变抽象名词(the + n. + of固定结构);②可数名词复数;
2.复数判定标志:many、few、several、数词two/three;
3.复数细分三类:规则+s、辅音y变ies、不规则foot-feet,近五年无其他不规则名词。
知识1 规则名词复数变化
· 一般情况加-s:book→books,student→students。
· 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾加-es:class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches。
· 以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-es:city→cities,country→countries。
· 以-f或-fe结尾变f为v加-es:leaf→leaves,knife→knives(但roof→roofs,belief→beliefs例外)。
· 以-o结尾:photo→photos(无生命),tomato→tomatoes(有生命)。
知识2 不规则名词复数变化
例:man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice。
知识3 不可数名词用法
不可数名词没有复数形式,谓语动词用单数。
常见不可数名词:information,news,advice,weather,knowledge,work(工作),progress。
知识4:名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。
1. 's所有格(有生命的名词)
· 单数名词 + 's:the boy's book(这个男孩的书)。
· 复数名词以s结尾 + ':the students' classroom(学生们的教室)。
· 复数名词不以s结尾 + 's:the children's toys(孩子们的玩具)。
2. of所有格(无生命的名词)
例:the cover of the book(书的封面),the capital of China(中国的首都)。
3. 双重所有格('s + of结构)
例:a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋友),a picture of hers(她的一张照片)。
· many/few后忘记加s,2024、2025、2026连续三年考查;
· lie复数直接加s,忘记变y为i+es;
· foot复数写成foots,不规则变形记混;
· the…of结构误用形容词,不会转换抽象名词importance。
· 注意以"o"结尾的名词复数规则:有生命的加-es(potato→potatoes),无生命的加-s(photo→photos);
· 注意以"f/fe"结尾的例外:roof→roofs,belief→beliefs,chief→chiefs;
· 注意"news"、"maths"、"physics"等看似复数实为不可数名词;
· 注意"people"作"人们"讲时是复数,作"民族"讲时有复数形式"peoples"。
1.规则名词复数每年必考(order/patient/problem类);
2.保留the + 抽象名词 + of句式,考importance/difference;
1.We need more______(worker) to finish this project on time.
2.There are several______(country) in the European Union.
3.The______(child) are playing happily in the garden.
4.Please give me some______(advice) on how to learn English well.
5.These______(tomato) are grown in this greenhouse.
6.We all know the ______ (important) of teamwork.
7.He told many ______ (lie) to his teacher yesterday.
8.There are many ______ (patient) waiting for the doctor.
9.She got eight ______ (order) from online buyers.
10.The boy hurt his two ______ (foot) when running outside.
11.All the ______ (problem) will be solved by our teacher.
12.We can see a big ______ (different) between the two plans.
13.There are a few ______ (city) along this river.
14.The ______ (silent) in the library makes us quiet.
15.Several ______ (box) of books arrived this morning.
16.This is______(Tom) bicycle. He bought it yesterday.
17.The______(student) books are on the desk.
18.We all realize the ______ (important) of learning English well.
19.We all know the ______ (safe) of students comes first.
20.He explained the ______ (mean) of this new word.
1.【答案】workers
【解析】句意:我们需要更多工人按时完成这个项目。more 后接可数名词复数,worker 复数为 workers。
2.【答案】countries
【解析】句意:欧盟有若干个国家。several 后接可数名词复数,country 变 y 为 i 再加‑es,countries。
3.【答案】children
【解析】句意:孩子们正在花园里开心玩耍。be 动词 are 提示主语为复数,child 复数不规则变化 children。
4.【答案】advice
【解析】句意:请给我一些学好英语的建议。advice 为不可数名词,无复数形式。
5.【答案】tomatoes
【解析】句意:这些西红柿是在这个温室里种植的。these 后接可数名词复数,tomato 复数加‑es,tomatoes。
6.【答案】importance
【解析】句意:我们都知道团队合作的重要性。the 后面接名词;important 形容词,名词形式 importance,the importance of“…… 的重要性”。
7.【答案】lies
【解析】句意:昨天他对老师说了很多谎话。many 后接可数名词复数,lie(谎话)复数 lies。
8.【答案】patients
【解析】句意:有很多病人在等候医生。many 后接可数名词复数,patient 复数 patients。
9.【答案】orders
【解析】句意:她收到网购买家的八份订单。eight 后接可数名词复数,order 复数 orders。
10.【答案】feet
【解析】句意:男孩在外面跑步时弄伤了两只脚。two 后接可数名词复数,foot 不规则复数 feet。
11.【答案】problems
【解析】句意:所有问题都会由我们老师来解决。all 后接可数名词复数,problem 复数 problems。
12.【答案】difference
【解析】句意:我们可以看到这两个计划之间巨大的差别。a 后接名词;different 形容词,名词 difference。
13.【答案】cities
【解析】句意:沿河有几座城市。a few 后接可数名词复数,city 变 y 为 i 再加‑es,cities。
14.【答案】silence
【解析】句意:图书馆里的寂静让我们保持安静。the 后面接名词;silent 形容词,名词 silence。
15.【答案】boxes
【解析】句意:几箱书今天上午送到了。several 后接可数名词复数,box 以‑x 结尾,复数加‑es,boxes。
16.【答案】Tom’s
【解析】句意:这是汤姆的自行车。他昨天买的。
修饰名词 bicycle 要用名词所有格,表示 “Tom 的”,直接在人名后加 ’s,即 Tom’s。
17.【答案】students’
【解析】句意:学生们的书在桌子上。
后面 books 是复数名词,说明是多名学生的书。student 先变复数 students,词尾已有 s,所有格直接加 ’,即 students’。
18.【答案】importance
【解析】句意:我们都意识到学好英语的重要性。
定冠词 the 后接名词;important 是形容词,名词形式为 importance,the importance of … 意为 “…… 的重要性”。
19.【答案】safety
【解析】句意:我们都知道学生的安全是第一位的。
定冠词 the 后接名词;safe 是形容词,名词形式 safety,the safety of students “学生的安全”。
20.【答案】meaning
【解析】句意:他解释了这个新单词的意思。
定冠词 the 后接名词;mean 是动词,名词形式 meaning,the meaning of …“……的意思”。
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