专题5 名词与名词辨析（A卷·基础巩固）-【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦名词核心考法，通过词义辨识、语境辨析、语法转换三模块递进训练，构建从基础到应用的完整知识逻辑链，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |名词释义辨识|15题|基础词义匹配|覆盖高频名词基础释义，建立词义认知| |语境逻辑辨析|12题|单句语境单选|复刻完形挖空考法，强化语境中词义辨析思维| |语法形式转换|13题|名词变形填空|训练单复数、词性转换等规则，完善名词应用体系|

编写说明：【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的21个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套讲义、课件和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为名词与名词辨析。 【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》 专题5 名词与名词辨析（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、选出划线名词的中文释义（每题2.5分） 1. He offered a sincere apology for his rude words to his deskmate yesterday. A. 道歉 B. 祝福 C. 感谢 D. 邀请 2. The old watch is his most valuable possession from his late grandfather. A. 礼物 B. 财产 C. 奖品 D. 纪念品 3. Don’t make an excuse for your mistake; you should face it bravely by yourself. A. 计划 B. 借口 C. 承诺 D. 决定 4. His family background helps him know more about art and classical music. A. 收入 B. 经历 C. 背景 D. 爱好 5. You need a clean towel to dry your hands after washing them in the bathroom. A. 毛巾 B. 手帕 C. 围裙 D. 手套 6. The local economy develops fast and brings more jobs for young people here. A. 教育 B. 经济 C. 科技 D. 文化 7. She learns cookery so that she can cook delicious food for her whole family. A. 园艺 B. 缝纫 C. 烹饪 D. 绘画 8. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery when we took a trip to the mountain village. A. 食物 B. 风景 C. 风俗 D. 建筑 9. She will take many photos with her friends at her high‑school graduation. A. 毕业 B. 旅行 C. 竞赛 D. 庆典 10. There is a housing shortage, so many young people can’t get suitable flats. A. 短缺 B. 过剩 C. 变化 D. 增长 11. Beijing is the capital of China and it has a long and wonderful history. A.首都 B. 中心 C. 城市 D. 故乡 12. His main income comes from the part‑time job he does on weekends. A. 支出 B. 收入 C. 奖金 D. 存款 13. If you keep practicing every day, you will have a big advantage over others. A. 压力 B. 麻烦 C. 优势 D. 风险 14. Water is a kind of common liquid that we cannot live without in daily life. A. 固体 B. 液体 C. 气体 D. 物体 15. Standing on the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole town. A. 观点；景色 B. 消息 C. 印象 D. 记忆 二、完形语境逻辑名词辨析（单句语境单选，复刻完形挖空考法）（每题2.5分） 16.Reading can increase our ________ of the outside world. A. knowledge B. message C. idea D. thought 17.We should keep a good ________ between study and rest. A. balance B. choice C. change D. business 18.He has made great ________ in English learning during this term. A. progress B. project C. promise D. production 19.We all know the ________ of protecting our living environment. A. difference B. importance C. decision D. agreement 20.The ________ of this activity is to help homeless children. A. purpose B. cause C. excuse D. result 21.You will get a good ________ to show your talent in the competition. A. habit B. chance C. method D. reason 22.The scientist’s ________ has helped lots of people’s daily life. Many people use his new tool. A. invention B. decision C. agreement D. discovery 23.When we heard the bad news, to our great ________, he didn’t feel sad at all. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. danger 24.The little dog was in great ________, so we tried our best to save it. A. shape B. state C. danger D. need 25.She picked up the phone and dialed the ________ of the police station. A. map B. number C. name D. picture 26.Children had lots of ________ when they played games on the playground. A. fun B. fear C. trouble D. housework 27.What’s your ________ for being late again? Your teacher will be angry. A. idea B. excuse C. mind D. thought 三、单句语法填空（名词变形：单复数、词性转换、所有格）（每题2.5分） 28.He often tells ________ (lie), so nobody believes him any more. 29.The little boy hurt his two ________ (foot) when he climbed the hill. 30.The ________ (student) books are all there. 31.Can you tell me the ________ (mean) of this English sentence? 32.He made an important ________ (decide) to take part in the volunteer activity. 33.Several ________ (child) are playing games on the grass. 34.We need some ________ (advice) on how to improve our listening skill. 35.There are many ________ (city) along the big river. 36.The ________ (safe) of the students is the most important thing for schools. 37.These ________ (leaf) turn yellow in autumn. 38.Have you got any ________ (suggest) for our coming class meeting? 39.We reached an ________ (agree) on how to finish the hard work. 40.We all realize the ________ (important) of keeping healthy. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的21个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套讲义、课件和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为名词与名词辨析。 【2027版】广东省（“3+证书”考试）《英语二轮讲练测》 专题5 名词与名词辨析（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、选出划线名词的中文释义（每题2.5分） 1. He offered a sincere apology for his rude words to his deskmate yesterday. A. 道歉 B. 祝福 C. 感谢 D. 邀请 2. The old watch is his most valuable possession from his late grandfather. A. 礼物 B. 财产 C. 奖品 D. 纪念品 3. Don’t make an excuse for your mistake; you should face it bravely by yourself. A. 计划 B. 借口 C. 承诺 D. 决定 4. His family background helps him know more about art and classical music. A. 收入 B. 经历 C. 背景 D. 爱好 5. You need a clean towel to dry your hands after washing them in the bathroom. A. 毛巾 B. 手帕 C. 围裙 D. 手套 6. The local economy develops fast and brings more jobs for young people here. A. 教育 B. 经济 C. 科技 D. 文化 7. She learns cookery so that she can cook delicious food for her whole family. A. 园艺 B. 缝纫 C. 烹饪 D. 绘画 8. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery when we took a trip to the mountain village. A. 食物 B. 风景 C. 风俗 D. 建筑 9. She will take many photos with her friends at her high‑school graduation. A. 毕业 B. 旅行 C. 竞赛 D. 庆典 10. There is a housing shortage, so many young people can’t get suitable flats. A. 短缺 B. 过剩 C. 变化 D. 增长 11. Beijing is the capital of China and it has a long and wonderful history. A.首都 B. 中心 C. 城市 D. 故乡 12. His main income comes from the part‑time job he does on weekends. A. 支出 B. 收入 C. 奖金 D. 存款 13. If you keep practicing every day, you will have a big advantage over others. A. 压力 B. 麻烦 C. 优势 D. 风险 14. Water is a kind of common liquid that we cannot live without in daily life. A. 固体 B. 液体 C. 气体 D. 物体 15. Standing on the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole town. A. 观点；景色 B. 消息 C. 印象 D. 记忆 1.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：他为昨天对同桌说的粗鲁话语真诚道歉。名词 “apology” 意为 “道歉”，结合句意选 A。 2.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：这块旧手表是他已故祖父留给他最珍贵的财产。名词 “possession” 意为 “财产”，结合句意选 B。 3.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：不要为你的错误找借口，你应该自己勇敢面对。名词 “excuse” 意为 “借口”，结合句意选 B。 4.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。句意：他的家庭背景帮助他更多地了解艺术与古典音乐。名词 “background” 意为 “背景”，结合句意选 C。 5.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：在卫生间洗完手后，你需要一条干净的毛巾把手擦干。名词 “towel” 意为 “毛巾”，结合句意选 A。 6.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：当地经济发展迅速，为这里的年轻人带来更多工作岗位。名词 “economy” 意为 “经济”，结合句意选 B。 7.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。句意：她学习烹饪，这样就可以给全家人做美味的食物。名词 “cookery” 意为 “烹饪”，结合句意选 C。 8.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们去山村旅行时欣赏了美丽的风景。名词 “scenery” 意为 “风景”，结合句意选 B。 9.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：她会在高中毕业时和朋友们拍很多照片。名词 “graduation” 意为 “毕业”，结合句意选 A。 10.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：住房存在短缺，所以很多年轻人得不到合适的公寓。名词 “shortage” 意为 “短缺”，结合句意选 A。 11.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：北京是中国的首都，它有着悠久而灿烂的历史。名词 “capital” 意为 “首都”，结合句意选 A。 12.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：他的主要收入来自周末做的兼职工作。名词 “income” 意为 “收入”，结合句意选 B。 13.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你坚持每天练习，你会比别人有很大优势。名词 “advantage” 意为 “优势”，结合句意选 C。 14.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。句意：水是一种日常生活中我们生存离不开的普通液体。名词 “liquid” 意为 “液体”，结合句意选 B。 15.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：站在山顶，你可以欣赏整个城镇的绝美景色。名词 “view” 此处意为 “观点；景色”，本句取 “景色” 含义，结合句意选 A。 二、完形语境逻辑名词辨析（单句语境单选，复刻完形挖空考法）（每题2.5分） 16.Reading can increase our ________ of the outside world. A. knowledge B. message C. idea D. thought 17.We should keep a good ________ between study and rest. A. balance B. choice C. change D. business 18.He has made great ________ in English learning during this term. A. progress B. project C. promise D. production 19.We all know the ________ of protecting our living environment. A. difference B. importance C. decision D. agreement 20.The ________ of this activity is to help homeless children. A. purpose B. cause C. excuse D. result 21.You will get a good ________ to show your talent in the competition. A. habit B. chance C. method D. reason 22.The scientist’s ________ has helped lots of people’s daily life. Many people use his new tool. A. invention B. decision C. agreement D. discovery 23.When we heard the bad news, to our great ________, he didn’t feel sad at all. A. joy B. surprise C. regret D. danger 24.The little dog was in great ________, so we tried our best to save it. A. shape B. state C. danger D. need 25.She picked up the phone and dialed the ________ of the police station. A. map B. number C. name D. picture 26.Children had lots of ________ when they played games on the playground. A. fun B. fear C. trouble D. housework 27.What’s your ________ for being late again? Your teacher will be angry. A. idea B. excuse C. mind D. thought 16.【答案】A 【解析】句意：阅读可以增长我们对外部世界的认知。 knowledge 知识、认知；message 信息；idea 主意；thought 想法。increase one’s knowledge “增长知识”。 17.【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们应该在学习和休息之间保持良好的平衡。 balance 平衡；choice 选择；change 改变；business 生意。keep a good balance between…and…“在…… 和…… 之间保持良好平衡”。 18.【答案】A 【解析】句意：这学期他在英语学习上取得了巨大进步。 progress 进步；project 项目；promise 承诺；production 产品。make great progress “取得巨大进步”，progress 为不可数名词。 19.【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们都知道保护生存环境的重要性。 difference 差异；importance 重要性；decision 决定；agreement 协议。the importance of…“…… 的重要性”。 20.【答案】A 【解析】句意：这次活动的目的是帮助无家可归的孩子。 purpose 目的；cause 起因；excuse 借口；result 结果。the purpose of this activity “活动的目的”。 21.【答案】B 【解析】句意：你会在比赛中得到展示才华的好机会。 habit 习惯；chance 机会；method 方法；reason 理由。a good chance to do sth “做某事的好机会”。 22.【答案】A 【解析】句意：这位科学家的发明改善了很多人的日常生活，许多人使用他的新工具。 invention 发明（创造出新事物）；decision 决定；agreement 协议；discovery 发现（原本就存在的事物）。工具属于创造出来的发明，选 invention。 23.【答案】B 【解析】句意：当我们听到这个坏消息时，令我们非常惊讶的是，他一点也不难过。 joy 喜悦；surprise 惊讶；regret 遗憾；danger 危险。to one’s great surprise “令某人大为惊讶的是” 固定短语。 24.【答案】C 【解析】句意：这只小狗处境十分危险，所以我们尽全力去救它。 shape 形状；state 状态；danger 危险；need 需要。in great danger “处于极大危险中” 固定搭配。 25.【答案】B 【解析】句意：她拿起电话拨打警察局的号码。 map 地图；number 号码；name 名字；picture 图片。dial the number “拨打电话号码”。 26.【答案】A 【解析】句意：孩子们在操场上玩游戏时玩得十分开心。 fun 乐趣；fear 恐惧；trouble 麻烦；housework 家务。have lots of fun “玩得开心”。 27.【答案】B 【解析】句意：你再次迟到的借口是什么？你的老师会生气的。 idea 主意；excuse 借口；mind 头脑；thought 想法。excuse 侧重为过错找的托词，符合迟到语境。 三、单句语法填空（名词变形：单复数、词性转换、所有格）（每题2.5分） 28.He often tells ________ (lie), so nobody believes him any more. 29.The little boy hurt his two ________ (foot) when he climbed the hill. 30.The ________ (student) books are all there. 31.Can you tell me the ________ (mean) of this English sentence? 32.He made an important ________ (decide) to take part in the volunteer activity. 33.Several ________ (child) are playing games on the grass. 34.We need some ________ (advice) on how to improve our listening skill. 35.There are many ________ (city) along the big river. 36.The ________ (safe) of the students is the most important thing for schools. 37.These ________ (leaf) turn yellow in autumn. 38.Have you got any ________ (suggest) for our coming class meeting? 39.We reached an ________ (agree) on how to finish the hard work. 40.We all realize the ________ (important) of keeping healthy. 28.【答案】lies 【解析】句意：他经常说谎，所以没人再相信他。 tell lies 说谎，固定搭配，lie 表示 “谎话” 时为可数名词，此处用复数 lies。 29.【答案】feet 【解析】句意：小男孩爬山的时候弄伤了他的两只脚。 two 后接可数名词复数，foot 的复数为不规则变化 feet。 30.【答案】students’ 【解析】句意：学生们的书都在那里。 修饰名词 classroom 要用名词所有格；student 复数 students，词尾已有 s，所有格直接加’，students’表示 “学生们的”。 31.【答案】meaning 【解析】句意：你能告诉我这个英语句子的意思吗？ 定冠词 the 后接名词；mean 是动词，名词形式 meaning，the meaning of…“…… 的意思”。 32.【答案】decision 【解析】句意：他做出了参加志愿活动的重要决定。 不定冠词 an 后接名词；decide 动词，名词 decision，make an important decision “做一个重要决定”。 33.【答案】children 【解析】句意：几个孩子正在草地上玩游戏。 several 后接可数名词复数，child 复数为不规则变化 children。 34.【答案】advice 【解析】句意：我们需要一些关于如何提高听力技巧的建议。 advice 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 35.【答案】cities 【解析】句意：这条大河沿岸有许多城市。 many 后接可数名词复数，city 变 y 为 i 再加‑es，cities。 36.【答案】safety 【解析】句意：学生的安全对学校来说是最重要的事情。 定冠词 the 后接名词；safe 形容词，名词 safety，the safety of…“…… 的安全”。 37.【答案】leaves 【解析】句意：这些树叶秋天会变黄。 these 后接可数名词复数，leaf 变 f 为 v 再加‑es，leaves。 38.【答案】suggestions 【解析】句意：对于我们即将到来的班会，你有一些建议吗？ any 后接可数名词复数；suggest 是动词，名词形式 suggestion，复数 suggestions。 39.【答案】agreement 【解析】句意：我们就如何完成这项艰巨的工作达成了协议。 不定冠词 an 后接名词；agree 是动词，名词 agreement，reach an agreement “达成协议” 为固定搭配。 40.【答案】importance 【解析】句意：我们都意识到保持健康的重要性。 定冠词 the 后接名词；important 形容词，名词 importance，the importance of…“…… 的重要性”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $