Unit 1 Water 单元测试（上海专用，中考新题型）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（沪教版（五四学制））

**基本信息** 本单元卷以上海初中英语Unit 1 Water为核心，融合水资源保护主题，通过语法、阅读、写作等多题型，全面检测语言能力与环保意识，适配单元复习场景。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题20分|过去时被动语态、非谓语动词等|以校园节水活动为情境，渗透环保意识| |选词填空|8分|动词短语、连接词等词汇运用|结合工业污染、未来科技素材，体现时代性| |补全对话|12分|一般疑问句、特殊疑问句等交际用语|模拟社区护水对话，提升语言运用能力| |阅读理解|14分|信息匹配、细节理解|环保方式匹配、水污染数据解读，培养思维品质| |完形填空|9分|上下文逻辑、词汇辨析|以小丑鱼视角讲述海洋噪音污染，增强文本感染力| |任务型阅读|12分|信息提取与表达|围绕冰川融化及摄影师行动，渗透人类命运共同体意识| |书面表达|25分|话题写作|“节约用水的重要性”主题，整合问题分析与解决方案，提升综合语言运用能力|

Unit 1 Water·单元自测卷（上海专用） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择(本大题共 10题，每题2分，共20分) 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡将对应选项涂黑。 Last month, my class noticed a big problem: water was being wasted everywhere in our school. In the bathroom, taps 1 running after students washed their hands. In the garden, the sprinklers (洒水装置) sometimes worked for hours even on rainy days. We knew water is precious, so we decided 2 something. First, our teacher helped us make a plan. It included three steps: 3 where water was wasted, telling everyone about saving water, and fixing small problems. We were divided into groups. My group did research around the school. We found that a broken tap in the corner of the playground dripped water all day. We also saw that some students used twenty litres of water just to clean 4 small cups—that’s too much! We talked to the headmaster, and he agreed to help. The school fixed the broken tap, and we put 5 posters with slogans like “Save every drop!” A nearby factory even gave us small water meters to track usage. At first, some students thought our activity was boring, but soon they joined in. They started turning off taps tightly and reusing water to water plants. 6 , the change spread. Now our school 7 30% less water than before. Last week, the headmaster praised our class in the morning assembly. We felt proud 8 we helped protect water resources. This experience taught me that everyone 9 make 10 difference—even small actions matter for saving water. 1．A．were left B．left C．were leaving 2．A．do B．to do C．doing 3．A．checking B．checked C．to check 4．A．them B．their C．themselves 5．A．off B．on C．up 6．A．slow B．slowly C．quickly 7．A．uses B．will use C．used 8．A．but B．because C．so 9．A．may B．must C．can 10．A．/ B．the C．a 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者所在班级发现学校存在水资源浪费问题，通过调查、宣传和实际行动（如修理水龙头、张贴标语、使用水表）发起节水活动。起初部分同学不感兴趣，但最终大家积极参与，使学校用水量减少30%，并获得校长表扬。作者由此感悟到每个人都能为节约水资源做出贡献。 1．句意：在卫生间，学生们洗手后，水龙头就被开着不管了。 were left被留下，一般过去时被动语态；left留下，一般过去时主动语态；were leaving正在离开，过去进行时。根据“after students washed their hands”可知，水龙头是“被（人）留下/开着”的状态，应用被动语态，且描述过去的普遍现象。故选A。 2．句意：所以我们决定做点什么。 do做，原形；to do去做，不定式；doing做，动名词。根据“decided”可知，短语“decide to do sth.”意为“决定做某事”。故选B。 3．句意：它包括三个步骤：检查哪里有水资源浪费，告诉每个人节约用水，以及解决小问题。 checking检查，动名词；checked检查，过去式；to check去检查，不定式。根据“included three steps:...where water was wasted...”可知，空处与“telling”、“fixing”并列，作“steps”的同位语，应用动名词形式。故选A。 4．句意：我们还看到一些学生用二十升水只清洗他们的小杯子——那太多了！ them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。空后为名词“small cups”，需用形容词性物主代词“their”修饰。故选B。 5．句意：学校修好了坏掉的水龙头，我们还张贴了带有“节约每一滴水！”等口号的标语。 off关掉，离开；on在……上；up向上。根据“posters with slogans”可知，短语“put up posters”意为“张贴海报”。故选C。 6．句意：渐渐地，变化蔓延开来。 slow慢的，形容词；slowly慢慢地，副词；quickly快速地，副词。根据“At first, some students thought...but soon they joined in.”可知，变化是“逐渐地”发生的。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词“slowly”。故选B。 7．句意：现在我们学校使用的水比之前少了30%。 uses使用，第三人称单数；will use将使用；used使用，过去式。根据时间状语“Now”可知，描述当前状况，应用一般现在时，主语“our school”为单数，动词需用三单形式“uses”。故选A。 8．句意：我们感到自豪，因为我们帮助保护了水资源。 but但是；because因为；so所以。根据“We felt proud...we helped protect water resources.”可知，空后是感到自豪的原因，应用“because”引导原因状语从句。故选B。 9．句意：这次经历告诉我，每个人都能产生影响。 may可以，表许可或可能性；must必须，表义务；can能够，表能力。根据“—even small actions matter”可知，强调每个人都有能力产生影响，应用“can”。故选C。 10．句意：这次经历告诉我，每个人都能产生影响。 /零冠词；the特指，这个，那个；a一个，泛指。根据“make...difference”可知，短语“make a difference”为固定搭配，意为“产生影响”。故选C。 二、选词填空(共8分) Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passages. Each word or phrase can only be used once. (将下列单词填入空格，每个单词只能填一次） A．make use of　B．Therefore　C． protect　D．polluted　E. However We all value water for our survival. 11 , in many parts of the world, rivers and lakes are being 12 by industrial waste and litter. This not only makes the water unsafe to drink but also harms the animals that live in it. To 13 our environment and health, it is important for us to take action. This means governments need to create stricter laws, and each of us must think about how we should 14 water in our daily lives. Instead of just feeling worried about the problem, we should actively work towards solutions, like fixing leaky taps and reducing our water footprint. 【答案】11．E 12．D 13．C 14．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了水资源的重要性、水污染问题的现状，并呼吁个人和政府采取行动保护水资源。 【详解】11．句意：然而，在世界上许多地方，河流和湖泊正受到工业废物和垃圾的污染。根据前句“We all value water for our survival.”与本句描述的污染现状，两者之间存在转折关系，且空格位于句首，后接逗号；选用However“然而”。句首首字母需大写。故填E。 12．句意：然而，在世界上许多地方，河流和湖泊正受到工业废物和垃圾的污染。根据“rivers and lakes are being...by industrial waste and litter.”可知，句子为现在进行时的被动语态，空格位于“are being”之后，需要动词的过去分词；选用pollute“污染”的过去分词polluted。故填D。 13．句意：为了保护我们的环境和健康，我们采取行动是很重要的。根据“To...our environment and health, it is important for us to take action.”可知，不定式“To do”作目的状语，空格后接宾语“our environment and health”；选用protect“保护”。故填C。 14．句意：这意味着政府需要制定更严格的法律，而我们每个人都必须思考在日常生活中应该如何利用水。根据“how we should...water in our daily lives”可知，情态动词“should”后接动词原形，且宾语为“water”；选用make use of“利用”。故填A。 将下列单词或短语前的字母填入空格，每个只能填一次。 A．certain    B．figured out    C． unfamiliar    D．disturbing    E. security It was a bright morning in 2065. Alex woke up as sunlight gently entered his room through smart windows. He 15 his schedule for the day by tapping a small device on his wrist. To his surprise, the screen showed an important message: “Science Fair Project Due Today!” He hurried to the virtual science fair where students used holograms to present inventions. Alex demonstrated his idea: a special tree that could produce fresh air for polluted cities, aiming to improve environmental 16 for citizens. Suddenly, his device informed him with a 17 warning—a storm was approaching. Confidently, Alex activated the special tree. The tree linked its bio-energy with the city’s prevention system. The storm passed harmlessly. Alex smiled because it was 18 that his tree helped prevent the storm from causing damage. 【答案】15．B 16．E 17．D 18．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在2065年，主人公Alex在科学展览会上展示能改善城市空气质量的特殊树木项目，并在暴风雨来临时利用它保护城市的故事。 15．句意：他通过轻触手腕上的一个小设备查明了当天的日程。根据“He...his schedule for the day by tapping a small device”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，描述Alex通过设备进行的动作；选用figure out“弄清楚，查明”的过去式figured out。故填B。 16．句意：Alex展示了他的想法：一种能为污染城市生产新鲜空气的特殊树木，旨在改善市民的环境安全。根据“aiming to improve environmental...for citizens”可知，空格位于形容词“environmental”之后，作“improve”的宾语，应填入一个名词；选用security“安全”。故填E。 17．句意：突然，他的设备用一个令人不安的警告通知了他——一场风暴正在逼近。根据“informed him with a...warning”可知，空格位于不定冠词“a”和名词“warning”之间，应用形容词修饰“warning”；选用disturbing“令人不安的，烦扰的”。故填D。 18．句意：Alex笑了，因为他的树确实帮助防止了风暴造成损害。根据“it was...that his tree helped prevent the storm”可知，句子为“It is/was...that...”强调句型，空格处需填入形容词，表示“确定的、无疑的”；选用certain“肯定的，确定的”。故填A。 三、按要求填写句子，补全对话（每题3分，共12分） Situation: Mr. Green, a community worker, is talking to Lily about water protection. Lily: Mr. Green, our school teaches us to turn off the tap tightly after washing hands. 19 ? (根据回应，写出一句一般疑问句) Mr. Green: Yes, it is a good habit. If we forget to do that, we’ll waste much clean water. Lily: Besides, I feel quite sad and angry to see factory waste pollutes many rivers. 20 ? (请根据划线部分提问) Mr. Green: In fact, the government asks people to clean those rivers once a year. Lily: But it requires much time and money to do so. Are there any better solutions? Mr. Green: 21 . (请回答上句的一般疑问句). We have already used water filters in the community to make the water quality better. Lily: You’ve done a great job to 22 . (请保持上句划线部分的句意基本不变) 【答案】19．Is it a good habit to turn off the tap tightly after washing hands 20．How often does the government ask people to clean those rivers 21．Yes, there are 22．protect water resources 【导语】本文是社区工作人员格林先生和莉莉在谈论水资源保护的对话。 【详解】19．根据“Yes, it is a good habit.”可知，此处应该是一般疑问句，询问“洗手后关紧水龙头是不是一个好习惯”。故填Is it a good habit to turn off the tap tightly after washing hands。 20．根据“In fact, the government asks people to clean those rivers once a year.”可知，此处应该针对“once a year”进行提问，即询问政府要求人们多久清理一次河流。故填How often does the government ask people to clean those rivers。 21．根据“Are there any better solutions?”和“We have already used water filters in the community to make the water quality better.”可知，此处应该对上句的一般疑问句进行肯定回答，表示有更好的办法。故填Yes, there are。 22．根据“make the water quality better”可知，此处应该保持上句划线部分句意基本不变，即表达“保护水资源”的意思。故填protect water resources。 四、阅读理解 (共14分) A. (每题1分，共5分) 下面的材料A—F分别介绍了六种环保或应急方式，请根据 Tom, Lisa, Mike, Anna, Sam的需求为他们匹配最合适的方式，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 23 Tom: I want to help the environment, but I don’t know where to start. I feel like my actions won’t make a difference. 24 Lisa: I love animals and want to do something to protect them, but I’m not sure how. 25 Mike: My family uses a lot of electricity at home, and I want to find ways to save energy. 26 Anna: I live in an area where earthquakes sometimes happen, and I want to be ready in case of an emergency. 27 Sam: I want to do something fun and meaningful with my family that also helps the environment. A．Save energy by turning off lights and electronics when not in use. Encourage your family to use energy-efficient appliances if possible. B．Prepare for natural disasters by creating an emergency tool box with things like water, food, and first aid supplies. Discuss a family plan for emergencies. C． Spread awareness about environmental issues. Share what you’ve learned with friends and classmates in communities. D．Start small by reducing waste at home. For example, use reusable bags instead of plastic ones and recycle paper. Every small action counts! E. Plant trees or start a small garden at home. Trees help clean the air, and growing your own vegetables reduces the need for transportation and packaging. F. Learn about local wildlife. Join a nature club or volunteer for local zoos. Understanding nature helps you protect it better. 【答案】23．D 24．F 25．A 26．B 27．E 【导语】本文介绍了Tom、Lisa、Mike、Anna、Sam五人的需求及六种环保/应急相关方式，需根据需求匹配最合适的方式。 【详解】23．根据“Tom: I want to help the environment, but I don’t know where to start. I feel like my actions won’t make a difference.”可知，他需要简单易操作、能体现 “小行动有价值” 的环保方式。选项D “从减少家庭垃圾这样的小事做起就好。比如用环保袋代替塑料袋，还有回收纸张，每一个微小的行动都有意义！” 与Tom的需求匹配。故选D。 24．根据“Lisa: I love animals and want to do something to protect them, but I’m not sure how.” 可知，她需要能直接关联 “保护动物” 的具体方式。选项F“了解当地的野生动物吧！加入自然俱乐部，或是去本地动物园做志愿者。读懂自然，才能更好地守护它。” 符合Lisa的需求。故选F。 25．根据“Mike: My family uses a lot of electricity at home, and I want to find ways to save energy.”可知，他需要针对性的“节约用电”方式。选项A“不用的时候关掉电灯和电子设备就能节约能源。如果条件允许，鼓励家人使用节能电器。” 与Mike的需求完全匹配。故选A。 26．根据“Anna: I live in an area where earthquakes sometimes happen, and I want to be ready in case of an emergency.”可知，她需要应对自然灾害的应急准备方式。选项B“为应对自然灾害做好准备，可准备一个应急工具箱，放入水、食物和急救用品等物资。同时和家人商量好应急方案。”符合Anna 应对地震等紧急情况的需求。故选B。 27．根据“Sam: I want to do something fun and meaningful with my family that also helps the environment.”可知，他需要适合家庭参与、兼具趣味性和环保性的活动。选项E“在家种树或者开辟一个小花园就好。树木能帮助净化空气，自己种蔬菜还能减少运输和包装的需求。” 满足Sam的需求。故选E。 B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题1.5分，共9分) Water pollution is speeding up around the world. We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. When it rains, water runs over the ground and carries soil, dirt and other harmful stuff to the rivers and lakes. So, anything harmful that we use may finally go into our drinking water. Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. In the USA 40% of its rivers and 46% of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. Each year 1.2 trillion (万亿) gallons of sewage and waste from factories are poured into American rivers and lakes. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries. In 2004, several of China’s major rivers were tested and half of them weren’t suitable for drinking. In Europe, rivers and lakes used for swimming and water sports were also tested between 2004 and 2005. 10% of them were too polluted to be used. Water pollution is not only harmful to people but also to animals. As it is getting more and more serious, nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. 28．People use over ________ water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. A．750 B．7,500 C．75,000 D．750,000 29．The underlined word “stuff” in the first paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．职员 B．气体 C．暴风雨 D．东西 30．Pollution of ________ made 250 million people get sick and 5 to 10 million of them die. A．drinking water B．land C．noise D．air 31．________ rivers are the most polluted in the world. A．American B．Asian C．African D．European 32．Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A．In the USA over half of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. B．Asian rivers have 20 times more lead than rivers in developed countries. C．15% of European rivers were too polluted to be used. D．Pollution of drinking water is a problem for all of the world’s population. 33．Which is the best topic sentence for the passage? A．Water is limited (有限的). B．Rivers and lakes in Asia are seriously polluted. C．Water pollution is getting more and more serious. D．There are ways to prevent people polluting water. 【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．B 33．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了全球水污染的严重性，包括污染物的数量、对人类和动物的影响，以及不同地区水污染的具体情况。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year.”可知，人们使用超过75,000种水污染化学品，并且每年制造大约1,000种新的化学品。故选C。 29．词句猜测题。根据“water-polluting chemicals”可知指的是有害物质，stuff意为“东西”。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die.”可知，饮用水污染导致2.5亿人生病，其中500万至1000万人死亡。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world.”可知，亚洲的河流是世界上最污染的。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries.”可知，亚洲河流的铅含量是发达国家河流的20倍。故选B。 33．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Water pollution is speeding up around the world.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了全球水污染的严重性，包括污染物的数量、对人类和动物的影响，以及不同地区水污染的具体情况。因此，C选项“水污染越来越严重”是本文的最佳主题句。故选C。 五、完形填空(共9分) An ocean of noise affects my life a lot I’m a little clown fish, and I like to live in coral reefs (珊瑚礁), but I don’t always stay here. When I was just a baby, I wandered in the open sea for months. It was a big, scary world out there. When I grew strong enough, I hurried home. I couldn’t see the reef. 34 , I depended on its small sound to guide me home. Unfortunately, the ocean isn’t as peaceful as it used to be. Humans, with their ships, speedboats, and surfing, have made it a noisy place. Their noises are often louder than the 35 ones, which makes it difficult for us to find our way back. I’m not the only one to suffer. Deep underwater, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel far. Many of my ocean friends rely on their ability of 36 to survive. Dolphins call each other by unique names and whales sing beautiful songs. But now, the noise is disturbing our lives. Therefore, they swim away from the noises. For example, whales try to 37 busy shipping routes. But in many places, human-made noise is everywhere. We’re forced to leave our homes and move to quieter areas, where we must compete with others for food and shelter. Over time, our populations shrink. Luckily, I have discovered humans are taking action and noise is a controllable problem. Many 38 , like wind-powered boats, have already existed. Scientists are calling for stricter rules. “We have noise standards (标准) for cars and trucks,” they say. “Why shouldn’t we have them for 39 ?” 34．A．In addition B．In brief C．Instead D．In return 35．A．common B．real C．sudden D．natural 36．A．singing B．hearing C．changing D．thinking 37．A．repeat B．avoid C．manage D．spread 38．A．awareness B．services C．solutions D．complaints 39．A．animals B．humans C．planes D．ships 【答案】34．C 35．D 36．B 37．B 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了海洋噪音影响生物生存，人类已采取措施应对。 【详解】34．句意：相反，我依靠它微弱的声音指引我回家。 In addition此外；In brief简而言之；Instead相反；In return作为回报。根据“I couldn’t see the reef.”可知，由于看不到，转而依靠声音。故选C。 35．句意：它们的噪音通常比自然的更大，这让我们很难找到回去的路。 common常见的；real真实的；sudden突然的；natural自然的。根据“Humans, with their ships, speedboats, and surfing, have made it a noisy place.”可知，人类噪音比海洋自然的声音更大，突出人类噪音对海洋生物的影响。故选D。 36．句意：我的许多海洋朋友依靠它们的听觉能力生存。 singing唱歌；hearing听觉；changing改变；thinking思考。根据“Dolphins call each other by unique names and whales sing beautiful songs.”可知，海洋生物依靠听觉能力生存。故选B。 37．句意：例如，鲸鱼试图避开繁忙的航运路线。 repeat重复；avoid避开；manage管理；spread传播。根据“the noise is disturbing our lives”可知，鲸鱼会避开繁忙的航运路线，减少噪音影响。故选B。 38．句意：许多解决办法，比如风力驱动的船，已经存在了。 awareness意识；services服务；solutions解决办法；complaints抱怨。根据“like wind-powered boats, have already existed”可知，举例说明应对海洋噪音问题的解决办法。故填C。 39．句意：他们说：“我们有针对汽车和卡车的噪音标准，为什么我们不能针对船舶呢？” animals动物；humans人类；planes飞机；ships船。根据“We have noise standards (标准) for cars and trucks”可知，提到汽车、卡车有噪音标准，此处指出人类航海活动的船舶也应有噪音标准。故选D。 六、任务型阅读(共12分) Answer the questions (根据以下内容回答问题) Glaciers (冰川) are large blocks of snow and ice that move slowly down valleys. They look beautiful. Have you ever seen one with your own eyes? Sadly, many glaciers are now getting smaller because of global warming. The European Environmental Agency (欧洲环境署) says glaciers in the Alps (阿尔卑斯山脉) have lost about half of their amount since 1900. The melting has gotten faster since 1980. The agency adds that by 2100, up to 89 percent of European glaciers could have melted. For American photographer and pilot Garrett Fisher, this means that he is in a race against time. Not too long ago, he flew close to Europe’s largest glacier which is in Norway. The 41-year-old is trying to photograph every glacier on the face of the planet. He wants to show people the beauty of glaciers before some of them are gone. Fisher became interested in flying and photography at an early age. In the late 1990s, a friend told Fisher that the world’s glaciers were disappearing. This pushed him to combine his two favorite hobbies. The man decided to fly over the Earth’s remaining glaciers and photograph them. He made it his life’s work. Fisher flies a small plane. It seems like a toy against the huge glaciers. The task requires a lot of skill and time. “The weather is cold and is often terrible; the winds are very strong,” says Fisher. “To photograph glaciers, I must get very close to their surfaces. Many people tell me that I’m crazy.” Some people ask Fisher if it is necessary to risk his life flying over glaciers. After all, these days, satellites are able to give us pictures of all the glaciers. Fisher explains that pictures from satellites cannot show the beauty of glaciers the way his photos can. His photos show the colors and shapes of glaciers, as well as the shadows as the sunlight hits them. Fisher hopes his photos will make people care more about glaciers. He wants them to push governments to act against global warming. “We can live without them. We will live without them,” Fisher adds. “However, it hurts us to lose them.” 40．According to the article, where is Europe’s largest glacier located? 41．When did Garrett Fisher first learn about the disappearance of glaciers? 42．Why is Fisher “in a race against time (underlined in paragraph 3)”? 43．According to Fisher, what is the difference between his glacier pictures and those from satellites? 44．What does Fisher hope people will do after seeing his glacier pictures? 45．If you were one of Fisher’s close friends, what would you say to him? Write at least two sentences. 【答案】40．It is located in Norway. 41．In the late 1990s. 42．Because many glaciers are getting smaller and disappearing due to global warming, and he wants to photograph every glacier before some of them are gone. 43．His photos can show the beauty of glaciers (including their colors, shapes and shadows when sunlight hits them), while satellite pictures cannot. 44．He hopes people will care more about glaciers and push governments to act against global warming. 45．Example: Garrett, I really admire your courage and devotion to recording glaciers’ beauty. It’s meaningful to let more people pay attention to global warming through your photos. Please take good care of yourself when flying in terrible weather! 【导语】本文主要介绍了摄影师兼飞行员Garrett Fisher为记录冰川之美，驾驶飞机环游全球拍摄冰川的行动，以及他这样做的原因和期望。 【详解】40．根据第三段“Not too long ago, he flew close to Europe’s largest glacier which is in Norway.”可知，欧洲最大的冰川位于挪威。故填It is located in Norway. 41．根据第四段“In the late 1990s, a friend told Fisher that the world’s glaciers were disappearing.”可知，Garrett Fisher在20世纪90年代末第一次得知冰川正在消失。故填In the late 1990s. 42．根据第二段“many glaciers are now getting smaller because of global warming”以及第三段“He wants to show people the beauty of glaciers before some of them are gone.”可知，他“与时间赛跑”是因为全球变暖导致许多冰川正在缩小消失，他想在部分冰川消失前拍下每一座冰川。故填Because many glaciers are getting smaller and disappearing due to global warming, and he wants to photograph every glacier before some of them are gone. 43．根据第五段“Fisher explains that pictures from satellites cannot show the beauty of glaciers the way his photos can. His photos show the colors and shapes of glaciers, as well as the shadows as the sunlight hits them.”可知，他的照片能展现冰川的美（包括颜色、形状和阳光照射下的阴影），而卫星图片不能。故填His photos can show the beauty of glaciers (including their colors, shapes and shadows when sunlight hits them), while satellite pictures cannot. 44．根据第五段“Fisher hopes his photos will make people care more about glaciers. He wants them to push governments to act against global warming.”可知，他希望人们看完照片后更关心冰川，并推动政府采取行动应对全球变暖。故填He hopes people will care more about glaciers and push governments to act against global warming. 45．本题为开放性试题。结合Fisher的行动与精神，从敬佩、鼓励、关心安全等角度作答即可，故填Garrett, I really admire your courage and devotion to recording glaciers’ beauty. It’s meaningful to let more people pay attention to global warming through your photos. Please take good care of yourself when flying in terrible weather! 七、书面表达(共25分) 46．Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of saving water”. (以“节约用水的重要性”为题写一篇不少于60词的短文。) Suggested questions: 1. Why is it important to save water? 2. What problems are caused by water shortage? 3. What can we do to save water at school and at home? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The importance of saving water Water is very precious on Earth. However, many places are facing serious water shortage. People there have to walk miles to get clean water. Saving water is important because without it, humans, animals and plants cannot survive. At school, we can turn off taps tightly after washing hands. At home, we can reuse water to flush the toilet or water plants. If everyone does a little, we can make a big difference. Let’s start saving water today! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：节约用水的重要原因、水资源短缺引发的问题、家校两类场景的节水做法 确定人称：第一人称（I/we） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数不少于60词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明水资源珍贵，点明节水核心必要性，引出缺水现实困境 主体段：先说明缺水带来的生存与生活问题，再分别介绍在校、居家可落地的节水行动 结尾段：发出号召，呼吁人人节水，升华小小行动汇聚巨大改变的主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：节水的重要性：without water, humans, animals and plants can’t survive/water is essential for all living things等 要点二：缺水带来的问题：many places are facing serious water shortage/people there have to walk miles to get clean water/agriculture and daily life will both be severely restricted等 要点三：家校节水措施：turn off taps tightly after washing hands/reuse water to flush the toilet or water plants/collect rainwater to water flowers in the garden instead of using tap water等 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Water·单元自测卷（上海专用） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择(本大题共 10题，每题2分，共20分) 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡将对应选项涂黑。 Last month, my class noticed a big problem: water was being wasted everywhere in our school. In the bathroom, taps 1 running after students washed their hands. In the garden, the sprinklers (洒水装置) sometimes worked for hours even on rainy days. We knew water is precious, so we decided 2 something. First, our teacher helped us make a plan. It included three steps: 3 where water was wasted, telling everyone about saving water, and fixing small problems. We were divided into groups. My group did research around the school. We found that a broken tap in the corner of the playground dripped water all day. We also saw that some students used twenty litres of water just to clean 4 small cups—that’s too much! We talked to the headmaster, and he agreed to help. The school fixed the broken tap, and we put 5 posters with slogans like “Save every drop!” A nearby factory even gave us small water meters to track usage. At first, some students thought our activity was boring, but soon they joined in. They started turning off taps tightly and reusing water to water plants. 6 , the change spread. Now our school 7 30% less water than before. Last week, the headmaster praised our class in the morning assembly. We felt proud 8 we helped protect water resources. This experience taught me that everyone 9 make 10 difference—even small actions matter for saving water. 1．A．were left B．left C．were leaving 2．A．do B．to do C．doing 3．A．checking B．checked C．to check 4．A．them B．their C．themselves 5．A．off B．on C．up 6．A．slow B．slowly C．quickly 7．A．uses B．will use C．used 8．A．but B．because C．so 9．A．may B．must C．can 10．A．/ B．the C．a 二、选词填空(共8分) Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passages. Each word or phrase can only be used once. (将下列单词填入空格，每个单词只能填一次） A．make use of　B．Therefore　C． protect　D．polluted　E. However We all value water for our survival. 11 , in many parts of the world, rivers and lakes are being 12 by industrial waste and litter. This not only makes the water unsafe to drink but also harms the animals that live in it. To 13 our environment and health, it is important for us to take action. This means governments need to create stricter laws, and each of us must think about how we should 14 water in our daily lives. Instead of just feeling worried about the problem, we should actively work towards solutions, like fixing leaky taps and reducing our water footprint. 将下列单词或短语前的字母填入空格，每个只能填一次。 A．certain    B．figured out    C． unfamiliar    D．disturbing    E. security It was a bright morning in 2065. Alex woke up as sunlight gently entered his room through smart windows. He 15 his schedule for the day by tapping a small device on his wrist. To his surprise, the screen showed an important message: “Science Fair Project Due Today!” He hurried to the virtual science fair where students used holograms to present inventions. Alex demonstrated his idea: a special tree that could produce fresh air for polluted cities, aiming to improve environmental 16 for citizens. Suddenly, his device informed him with a 17 warning—a storm was approaching. Confidently, Alex activated the special tree. The tree linked its bio-energy with the city’s prevention system. The storm passed harmlessly. Alex smiled because it was 18 that his tree helped prevent the storm from causing damage. 三、按要求填写句子，补全对话（每题3分，共12分） Situation: Mr. Green, a community worker, is talking to Lily about water protection. Lily: Mr. Green, our school teaches us to turn off the tap tightly after washing hands. 19 ? (根据回应，写出一句一般疑问句) Mr. Green: Yes, it is a good habit. If we forget to do that, we’ll waste much clean water. Lily: Besides, I feel quite sad and angry to see factory waste pollutes many rivers. 20 ? (请根据划线部分提问) Mr. Green: In fact, the government asks people to clean those rivers once a year. Lily: But it requires much time and money to do so. Are there any better solutions? Mr. Green: 21 . (请回答上句的一般疑问句). We have already used water filters in the community to make the water quality better. Lily: You’ve done a great job to 22 . (请保持上句划线部分的句意基本不变) 四、阅读理解 (共14分) A. (每题1分，共5分) 下面的材料A—F分别介绍了六种环保或应急方式，请根据 Tom, Lisa, Mike, Anna, Sam的需求为他们匹配最合适的方式，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。 23 Tom: I want to help the environment, but I don’t know where to start. I feel like my actions won’t make a difference. 24 Lisa: I love animals and want to do something to protect them, but I’m not sure how. 25 Mike: My family uses a lot of electricity at home, and I want to find ways to save energy. 26 Anna: I live in an area where earthquakes sometimes happen, and I want to be ready in case of an emergency. 27 Sam: I want to do something fun and meaningful with my family that also helps the environment. A．Save energy by turning off lights and electronics when not in use. Encourage your family to use energy-efficient appliances if possible. B．Prepare for natural disasters by creating an emergency tool box with things like water, food, and first aid supplies. Discuss a family plan for emergencies. C． Spread awareness about environmental issues. Share what you’ve learned with friends and classmates in communities. D．Start small by reducing waste at home. For example, use reusable bags instead of plastic ones and recycle paper. Every small action counts! E. Plant trees or start a small garden at home. Trees help clean the air, and growing your own vegetables reduces the need for transportation and packaging. F. Learn about local wildlife. Join a nature club or volunteer for local zoos. Understanding nature helps you protect it better. B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题1.5分，共9分) Water pollution is speeding up around the world. We use over 75,000 water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. When it rains, water runs over the ground and carries soil, dirt and other harmful stuff to the rivers and lakes. So, anything harmful that we use may finally go into our drinking water. Pollution of drinking water is a problem for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. In the USA 40% of its rivers and 46% of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. Each year 1.2 trillion (万亿) gallons of sewage and waste from factories are poured into American rivers and lakes. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. They have 20 times more lead (铅) than rivers in developed countries. In 2004, several of China’s major rivers were tested and half of them weren’t suitable for drinking. In Europe, rivers and lakes used for swimming and water sports were also tested between 2004 and 2005. 10% of them were too polluted to be used. Water pollution is not only harmful to people but also to animals. As it is getting more and more serious, nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. 28．People use over ________ water-polluting chemicals and make about 1,000 new ones each year. A．750 B．7,500 C．75,000 D．750,000 29．The underlined word “stuff” in the first paragraph probably means “________” in Chinese. A．职员 B．气体 C．暴风雨 D．东西 30．Pollution of ________ made 250 million people get sick and 5 to 10 million of them die. A．drinking water B．land C．noise D．air 31．________ rivers are the most polluted in the world. A．American B．Asian C．African D．European 32．Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A．In the USA over half of its lakes are too polluted for fishing or swimming. B．Asian rivers have 20 times more lead than rivers in developed countries. C．15% of European rivers were too polluted to be used. D．Pollution of drinking water is a problem for all of the world’s population. 33．Which is the best topic sentence for the passage? A．Water is limited (有限的). B．Rivers and lakes in Asia are seriously polluted. C．Water pollution is getting more and more serious. D．There are ways to prevent people polluting water. 五、完形填空(共9分) An ocean of noise affects my life a lot I’m a little clown fish, and I like to live in coral reefs (珊瑚礁), but I don’t always stay here. When I was just a baby, I wandered in the open sea for months. It was a big, scary world out there. When I grew strong enough, I hurried home. I couldn’t see the reef. 34 , I depended on its small sound to guide me home. Unfortunately, the ocean isn’t as peaceful as it used to be. Humans, with their ships, speedboats, and surfing, have made it a noisy place. Their noises are often louder than the 35 ones, which makes it difficult for us to find our way back. I’m not the only one to suffer. Deep underwater, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel far. Many of my ocean friends rely on their ability of 36 to survive. Dolphins call each other by unique names and whales sing beautiful songs. But now, the noise is disturbing our lives. Therefore, they swim away from the noises. For example, whales try to 37 busy shipping routes. But in many places, human-made noise is everywhere. We’re forced to leave our homes and move to quieter areas, where we must compete with others for food and shelter. Over time, our populations shrink. Luckily, I have discovered humans are taking action and noise is a controllable problem. Many 38 , like wind-powered boats, have already existed. Scientists are calling for stricter rules. “We have noise standards (标准) for cars and trucks,” they say. “Why shouldn’t we have them for 39 ?” 34．A．In addition B．In brief C．Instead D．In return 35．A．common B．real C．sudden D．natural 36．A．singing B．hearing C．changing D．thinking 37．A．repeat B．avoid C．manage D．spread 38．A．awareness B．services C．solutions D．complaints 39．A．animals B．humans C．planes D．ships 六、任务型阅读(共12分) Answer the questions (根据以下内容回答问题) Glaciers (冰川) are large blocks of snow and ice that move slowly down valleys. They look beautiful. Have you ever seen one with your own eyes? Sadly, many glaciers are now getting smaller because of global warming. The European Environmental Agency (欧洲环境署) says glaciers in the Alps (阿尔卑斯山脉) have lost about half of their amount since 1900. The melting has gotten faster since 1980. The agency adds that by 2100, up to 89 percent of European glaciers could have melted. For American photographer and pilot Garrett Fisher, this means that he is in a race against time. Not too long ago, he flew close to Europe’s largest glacier which is in Norway. The 41-year-old is trying to photograph every glacier on the face of the planet. He wants to show people the beauty of glaciers before some of them are gone. Fisher became interested in flying and photography at an early age. In the late 1990s, a friend told Fisher that the world’s glaciers were disappearing. This pushed him to combine his two favorite hobbies. The man decided to fly over the Earth’s remaining glaciers and photograph them. He made it his life’s work. Fisher flies a small plane. It seems like a toy against the huge glaciers. The task requires a lot of skill and time. “The weather is cold and is often terrible; the winds are very strong,” says Fisher. “To photograph glaciers, I must get very close to their surfaces. Many people tell me that I’m crazy.” Some people ask Fisher if it is necessary to risk his life flying over glaciers. After all, these days, satellites are able to give us pictures of all the glaciers. Fisher explains that pictures from satellites cannot show the beauty of glaciers the way his photos can. His photos show the colors and shapes of glaciers, as well as the shadows as the sunlight hits them. Fisher hopes his photos will make people care more about glaciers. He wants them to push governments to act against global warming. “We can live without them. We will live without them,” Fisher adds. “However, it hurts us to lose them.” 40．According to the article, where is Europe’s largest glacier located? 41．When did Garrett Fisher first learn about the disappearance of glaciers? 42．Why is Fisher “in a race against time (underlined in paragraph 3)”? 43．According to Fisher, what is the difference between his glacier pictures and those from satellites? 44．What does Fisher hope people will do after seeing his glacier pictures? 45．If you were one of Fisher’s close friends, what would you say to him? Write at least two sentences. 七、书面表达(共25分) 46．Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of saving water”. (以“节约用水的重要性”为题写一篇不少于60词的短文。) Suggested questions: 1. Why is it important to save water? 2. What problems are caused by water shortage? 3. What can we do to save water at school and at home? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $