Unit 5 Working the Land 知识背诵清单-2026-2027学年英语新人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 5知识清单核心涵盖词汇梳理与重难点解析。词汇从基础词义、搭配、近义词到派生词及例句系统梳理，重难点聚焦核心词汇用法拓展与语境运用，形成从基础积累到综合应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇基础—用法深化—语境运用”逻辑递进，词汇梳理注重一词多义及搭配，重难点通过辨析、拓展练习强化语言运用。通过例句翻译和语法填空提升语言能力，对比辨析培养思维品质，系统梳理与分层练习助力学习能力发展，体现学科特色学习方法。

Unit 5 Working the Land Step 1 词汇梳理 1. shortagen. 短缺，不足【搭配】：食物/用水/住房短缺food / water / housing shortages 缺少…a shortage of 2. tackle意为“处理 / 解决”时近义词为 deal with/cope with/work out/solve/settle 3. crisis 危机；危急关头【搭配】信任危机crisis of confidence, 金融危机financial crisis 4. boost vt.使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励 【搭配】增强某人自信心boost one’s confidence 5.characteristic n.特点；特征；特色(常用复数) adj.特有的；典型的； 【搭配】重要的/个人的特征key /personal characteristics 6.attain达到；得到；取得=_achieve_ 正式用语 (比 achieve正式) →adj.可获得的；可达到的attainable；n.达到；成就获得 attainment 【搭配】达到目标:attain one’s goal 7.conventional adj.传统的；墨守成规的_=traditional→n.习俗；惯例convention 8.intense adj.紧张的、激烈的 →n.强烈；剧烈 intensity 【搭配】intense heat/ cold/pain酷热/严寒/剧痛；intense interest/desire浓厚的兴趣/强烈的欲望； 激烈的竞争intense competition 9.output n.产量;输出;输出量→vt.( output, output)输出→v.输入input 译：Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.工业产量增长了8% 10.domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的【搭配】国内事务 / 政治domestic affairs/politics 11.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→v. 消耗; 吃; 饮; 喝; 烧毁consume →n. 消费者，顾客consumer 译：Oil consumption always increases in cold weather. 在寒冷的天气里，石油的消耗量总是会增加 12. generate vt.产生;引起→n.一代人；一代；一批；产生generation→n.发电机 generator 13. strain n.(动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力 【搭配】under great strain非常紧张（压力） 译：These repayments are putting a strain on our finances. 偿还这些债务对我们的财务状况形成了压力 14.deep down在内心深处;本质上;实际上 译：我在内心深处仍然爱着他。Deep down I still loved him. 15.soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土 【搭配】poor/dry/acid/sandy/fertile soil贫瘠、干旱、酸性、沙质、肥沃等的土壤 译：It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。 16.celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流【搭配】TV celebrities电视名人 17.envision vt.展望;想象→n. 想象;视力;视野;影像vision→adj.视力的，视觉的visual 【搭配】展望未来envision the future; have good/perfect/poor vision视力好 / 极好 / 差 the visual arts视觉艺术 18. sorghum n.高粱;高粱米 译：The sorghum is in the ear.高粱抽穗了 19.broom n.扫把;扫帚;金雀花 译：A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。 20.grain n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒 译：Any shortage could push up grain prices.任何一种短缺都会抬高粮食价格。 21.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实【搭配】in reality实际上，事实上；face/accept reality面对/接受现实； lose touch with reality脱离现实；become a reality成为现实；The reality is that...实际情况是……； 22.salty adj.含盐的;咸的【搭配】咸的食物salty food ；海边带咸味的空气 salty sea air 23.urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的_→n.都市化，城市化urbanization →[反义词]乡村的rural 24.bomb n. 炸弹v.轰炸;对…投炸弹 译：a bomb goes off/explodes 炸弹爆炸 25.tunnel n.地下通道;地道;隧道；a railway/railroad tunnel_铁路隧道； the Channel Tunnel英吉利海峡隧道 26. chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→ n.化学chemistry a chemical element化学元素 the chemical industry化学工业 27.flavor n.味道;特点;特色_ 译：The flavor of fresh strawberries is out of this world.我认为新鲜草莓的味道鲜美无比. 28. fertilizer n.肥料【搭配】 artificial/chemical fertilizers人工 / 化学肥料 29. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→ n. 营养;滋养nutrition 30.alleviate vt.减轻;缓解_→n.减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物alleviation_ 【搭配】alleviate suffering减轻苦难_ 31.poverty n.贫穷;贫困 _ →adj.贫穷的_poor_ 32.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的_【搭配】有机奶酪、蔬菜organic cheese/vegetables 33.pesticide n.杀虫剂;除害药物_；crops sprayed with pesticide喷洒过杀虫剂的庄稼 34.widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的;widespread damage广泛的损坏 35.digest vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘→n.消化digestion→adj.消化的；易消化的digestive 36.mineral n.矿物;矿物质【搭配】 mineral deposits/extraction矿藏；矿物开采 37.grocery n.食品杂货店_→[pl.]食品杂货_groceries_; 【搭配】the grocery bill食品杂货账单 38.instance n.例子;实例;事例【搭配】例如;比如 for instance 译：In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.多数情况下，不必继续治疗。. 39.root n.根;根茎;根部;根源【搭配】deep spreading roots扎得很深的根 译：Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。. 40. entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地 41. aspect n. 方面;层面 Step2 重难点 1. devote vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于→adj.挚爱的；全心全意的 devoted → n.献身；忠诚；热爱；专心 devotion_ 【搭配】把……用于；献身；致力；专心devote...to；对……专一/专注be devoted to； 致力于，献身于devote oneself to； 【拓展】专心于，致力于①be lost in ②devote oneself to=be devoted to ③concentrate on ④be absorbed in ⑤focus on 【运用】译： (1)如果你有一份工作，务必投身于它，最终你将会成功。 If you have a job，do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed. (2)We shouldn’t devote too much time to adjusting (adjust) the height of the table. (3)He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.(devote) (4)As the scientist is devoted to his research，he seldom goes to the cinema with his family. →Devoted to his research，he seldom goes to the cinema with his family.(用非谓语动词改写) 2. convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服 → adj.确信的 convinced →adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 convincing 【搭配】使某人相信……convince sb that...;使某人相信某事convince sb.of sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb to do sth.;确信be convinced of/that... 【运用】 (1)His speech was so_convincing_(convince) that everyone present believed what he said. (2)I’m not completely convinced (convince) he knows the importance of practice. (3)你要让他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. (4)我希望我能说服你来纽约看我们。 I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New York. 3. assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得→vt.假定；设想assume 【搭配】on the assumption that假定…… ; (对……)作出假设/假定；认为make assumptions/an assumption (about) assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……; 人们认为… It is assumed that... assuming (that)..假设…… 【运用】译： (1)You must admit that your argument is based on a completely false assumption. 你必须承认你的论点建立在一个完全错误的假设上。 (2)People have a tendency to make assumptions about you based on your appearance. 人们往往会对你以貌取人。 (3) In other words，they assumed her_to be_(be) the best educator of their time. (4)It was assumed that _this was a difficult problem impossible to overcome. 人们认为这是一个无法克服的难题。 (5)译：据我所知，很多人认为他是对的。 ①As far as I’m concerned，a great many people assumed that he was right.(assume) ②As far as I’m concerned，a great many people made an assumption that he was right. (assumption) 4.overcome vt. ( overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜 【搭配】克服困难/某人的恐惧overcome difficulties/one’s fear； overcome the enemy战胜敌人 be overcome by/with 受到…的极大影响(常用于被动语态) 【辨析】overcome/beat/defeat/win(根据所学知识或查阅资料) （1）overcome强调克服困难、障碍等。 （2）beat常指（在比赛或竞争中）赢（某人）。 （3）defeat侧重指在战场上打败敌人。 （4）win后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等 【运用】译： (1)如果你努力的话，就会克服这个困难。If you work hard, you will overcome this problem. (2)_Overcome by curiosity (受到好奇心的驱使), the boy looked out the window. (3)When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi’s death, he was overcome with sorrow(他悲痛欲绝)。 5.expand vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)→ n．扩大；扩张；扩展expansion 【搭配】（把……）扩展/发展成……expand（...）into；expand on/upon详述； 充分叙述__ 增加对外国的了解expand the knowledge of foreign countries 【运用】译： (1)A few years later，the writer expanded his short novel into a long one. 几年以后，那位作家把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇小说。 (2)The book is an expansion_(expand) of a series of lectures given last year. (3) As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions. 随着海伦知识和词汇量的扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。 6.estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算 【搭配】estimate sth.at sth.估计……有…… ; be estimated that...据估计…… be estimated to be...估计…… ; by estimate按照估计;below estimate低于估计 【运用】译： (1)Experts estimate that the consumption of gas will increase by 10% next year. 专家们估计明年汽油的消耗将增加10%。 (2)The cost of building that railway is estimated_(estimate) at over 10 billion dollars. 那条铁路的建设费用估计要超过100亿美元。 (3)It is estimated that _ total investment in the country will continue to increase this year. 据估计国内投资总额今年将继续增加。 (4)The cost of decorating the stadium is estimated to be_(be) 3 million pounds. 体育馆的装修费用估计为300万英镑。 7.comprise vt. 包括;包含; 【搭配】由…组成be comprised of = be made up of ≈consist of 【运用】译： （1）这个房间有两间卧室，一个厨房和一个客厅。 The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.. (2)The United Kingdom is comprised of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.英国由英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰构成。 (3)据说，那个小组由10位教育家和5位专家组成。 ①It is said that the team is comprised/composed of ten educators and five experts.(comprise/compose) ②It is said that the team consists of ten educators and five experts. (consist) ③It is said that the team_ is made up of ten educators and five experts.(make) 8.vision [U] 视力 (sight)；视觉; [C] 想象；幻象;[U] 远见卓识 【运用】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 (1) She has very little vision in her left eye._视力__ (2) That’s my vision of how the world could be. ___想像____ (3) We need a leader with vision and strong principles.___远见卓识___ (4) They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease.___展望；想象___ (5)译：Yuan Longping’s latest vision for “seawater rice” has become a reality. 袁隆平新近的“海水稻”愿景已经成为现实。 9. extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机 →extend: v.伸长; 扩大; 扩展; 延长 【运用】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 (1) They are hoping to get an extension of their loan.__延长期限_________ (2) We’re building an extension to our house.____扩建_______ (3) When you call, ask for extension 3276.____分机_______ (4)译：今年，我们学校暑假有所延长。Our school has an extension on summer holiday this year. 10.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 作为回报 【搭配】轮流by turns； 轮流做某事take turns to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It is one’s turn to do sth.； 结果是……，原来是……It turns/turned out that... 作为回报in return 【运用】译： (1)I think it’s my turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想本周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。 (2)It turned out that _this young man was none other than the old man’s son. 这个年轻人原来是这位老人的儿子。 (3)他们依次回答了老师的问题。They answered the teacher’s questions in turn. (4)那对双胞胎姐妹轮流照顾她们生病的母亲。 The twin sisters took care of their sick mother by turns. 11.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→n. 本质，精华，要素essence 【搭配】必须的矿物质essential mineral; 对…必需的be essential to_; 对某人来说做某事是必需的be essential for sb to do sth/ It is essential for sb to do sth It is essential that…(should) do sth 做…是重要的 【运用】译： (1)Sun and water is/are essential to the growth of crops. 阳光和水是作物生长不可或缺的。 (2)It is essential for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power. 增强竞争力是高新技术企业的发展之本。 (3)到美国旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。 It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA. 12.alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的→adv.可供选择地 【搭配】别无选择，只能这么做...have no alternative/choice but to do... alternative energy替代性能源_;可供选择的建议_alternative suggestions_ 【运用】译： (1) We could drive all the way. _Alternatively_(alternative)，we could fly. (2)The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the one they had submitted was not accepted. 经理说如果他们已经提交的那个计划通不过的话，他们还有一个备选计划。 (3)You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以选择结婚或继续单身 13.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→ adj.深的deep_ →adv.很深地；深刻地 deeply →v.变深 deepen 【搭配】in depth全面地；深入地；仔细地 ;在内心深处；本质上；实际上_ deep down 【运用】译： (1)When you are ready to finish the exercise，gradually deepen(deep) your breathing. (2)As a businesswoman，I care deeply_(deep) about my customers.(2020·全国Ⅲ) (3)The little boy was curious about the_depth_(deep) of the hole. (4)译：我忙着做研究，所以我还没有仔细阅读这份报告。 I’m occupied with the research，so I haven’t looked at the report in depth yet. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $