Unit 1 People of Achievement 知识背诵清单 -2026-2027学年英语新人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦“Unit 1 People of Achievement”，系统梳理69个核心词汇及短语，涵盖学科术语与高频表达，在此基础上深入解析19个重难点词汇，从近义词辨析、搭配拓展到词族构建，形成从基础积累到应用深化的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇梳理-重难点突破-语境运用”为逻辑主线，每个重难点融合词族拓展、搭配对比及翻译练习，通过辨析（如crucial与vital）、虚拟语气（insist从句）等培养思维品质，助力语言能力提升，体现“学用结合”的学科特色学习方法。

Unit 1 People of Achievement Step 1 词汇梳理 1. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. physiology n. 生理学;生理机能 3. artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素 4. crucial a. 至关重要的;关键性的 5. malaria n. 疟疾 6. vital adj 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 7. committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 8. commit v. 承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 9. commit oneself to sth 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等 10. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校 11. academic adj. 学业的;学术的 12. objective n. 目标;目的adj.客观的 13. botanical adj. 植物学的 13.evaluate vt. 评价;评估 14. 14.property n. 性质;特征;财产 15.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 16.extract n. 提取物;摘录 vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出 17.wormwood n. 蒿;洋艾 18.boil vt.＆vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开m.沸腾;沸点 19.liquid n. 液体;液体的;液态的 20.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 21.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 22.defeat n. 失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜 23.analyse v. 分析 24.apparently adv. 显而易见;看来;显然 25.substance n. 物质;物品;事实根据 26.insist vi.＆vt.坚持;坚决要求 27.insist on 坚决要求 28.scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 29.mostly adv. 主要地;一般地 30.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 31.conclusion n. 结论;推论 32.penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林 33.flee vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开;逃跑 34.circumstance n. usually pl条件；环境;状况 35.novelist n. 小说家 36.novel n. (长篇)小说 37.flow n. 流;流动;流畅;供应v.流;流动 38.chart n. 图表v.记录;制订计划 39.flow chart 流程图 40.found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在 41.infer vt. 推断;推定 42.politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客 43.numerous a 众多的;许多的 44.theory n. 理论;学说 45.relativity n. 相对论;相对性 46.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方 47.genius n. (pl, genuses)天才;天资;天赋 48.gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的 49.patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的 50.passion n. 酷爱;激情 51.doctorate n. 博士学位 52.extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的 53.gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地 54.photoelectric adj. 光电的 55.come to power (开始)掌权;上台 56.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗 57.institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑 58.consequence n. 结果;后果 59.take up a position 担任;任职 60.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭 beard 61.peculiarity n 个性;特点;怪异的性质 62.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇 63.professor n. 教授 64.mourn vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤 65.remarkable adj 非凡的;显著的 66.device n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器 67.sum v. 总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和 summary 68.sum up 总结;概括 69.draft n. 草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟 Step2 重难点 1.crucial adj. 至关重要的/关键性的 【近义词】 important/vital/essential 【搭配】 关键性的因素 / 问题 / 决定: a crucial factor/issue/decision 对……是至关重要的/关键性的: be crucial to/for sth ……是极其关键的: It's crucial that ... 【词族】 adv. 关键地crucially 【运用】 1) Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. 赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。 2) 你的决心和努力对于事业的成功是至关重要的。（Translate） Your determination and hard work are crucial to your career success. 3) __It is crucial that_ that the patient should be sent to the hospital immediately. 病人应该被立刻送去医院很重要。 2. vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的;充满生机的 【词族】 vitality n. 生命力；活力；热情→vitally adv. 极其；绝对 【搭配】 1.be vital to/for 对……至关重要 2.It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的。 3.It is vital that……是至关重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should+)动词原形) 【运用】 1) Perseverance is vital to success. 毅力对于成功至关重要(Translation)。 2) It was vital to give first aid to the injured man. 对这位伤者实施急救是至关重要的(Translation)。 3) It's vital that we (should) help children set correct moral values. 我们帮助孩子树立正确的道德价值观是至关重要的。 3.commit vt. 承诺, 保证(某个人、机构等） vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 【词族】commitment n.承诺；保证；允诺承担；奉献→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 【词义与搭配】 1. This is a man who has committed a crime. 犯罪 2. There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. 自杀 3. The government must commit itself to improving health care. 承诺/保证 4. A lot of money has been committed to this project. 投入 【运用】 1) Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930. 屠呦呦, 一个坚定又有耐性的科学家, 于1930年12月30号出生于中国宁波。 2) We are committed to improving services. 我们致力于改善服务 3) He commits himself to the cause of education. 他投身于教育事业 4) Both sides committed themselves to settling the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。 4.objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 【词族】 object n.物体；物品；东西；目的；目标； 宾语 v.不同意；不赞成；反对~ (to sb/sth) | ~ (to doing sth/to sb doing sth) 【反义词】 主观的：subjective 【运用】 我们要对这件事持客观的态度。 We are supposed to hold an objective attitude towards this matter. 5.acknowledge vt. 承认（事实、权威等）;（公开）感谢；告知收悉 【词族】 acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 【词义与搭配】 1) With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing the lady's purse. 承认 2) I wish to acknowledge your assistance in my English study. 感谢 3) It is generally/widely acknowledged that he is the best player in the team. 认为 （大家公认的……） 4) All applications will be acknowledged. 告知收悉 【辨析】①acknowledge指公开“承认”事实或过错。 ②admit强调被迫承认。 ③recognize指正式“承认”“公认”主权、权利等。 【运用】 1.It is acknowledged that Gu Ailing is hard-working and fortunate. 大家认为谷爱凌既努力又幸运。(Translation) 2. I would like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family. 我想感谢所有来自家人的帮助。(Translation) 6. defeat n. 失败, 挫败vt. 击败, 战胜 【近义词】beat: to defeat or do better than打败，战胜 【搭配】 遭受失败：suffer a defeat 承认失败：acknowledge / admit defeat 【运用】 1.Defeat is not the worst of failures. Not to have tried is the true failure. (Translation) 挫败并不是最糟糕的失败，不去尝试才是真正的失败。 2.Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. (Translation) 我们队以微弱优势惜败。 7.apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 【词族】adj. apparent显而易见；明白易懂；显然 【近义词】obvious; evident; distinct; noticeable 【搭配】It is apparent/obvious that... ……是显而易见的= Apparently，。。。。 【运用】 1) He paused, apparently lost in thought. 他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。（be lost in） 2) It is apparent that he was depressed to hear the shocking news. / Apparently, he was depressed to hear the shocking news. 很显然，他听到这个震惊的消息非常难过。 8.insist vi.＆vt.坚持/坚决要求；坚持说/固执己见 【搭配】 1) insist on/upon (doing) sth. 　坚持(做)某事 2) insist that. . . 坚持… ①坚持说/认为……(从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实际需要选择时态) ②强烈要求/坚持……(从句用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should可以省略) 【运用】 1) Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong. 尽管他所有的朋友都责备他, 但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。 2) My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first. 妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。 3) He insisted on working as a volunteer after graduating from college. 他坚持大学毕业后去做志愿者。 9.conclusion n.结论；推论；结束；结果；结尾；结局 【词族】 conclude vt. 推断出, 得出结论vi. 结束, 终止 【搭配】 <n.> (1) arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论 (2) in conclusion 最后；总之 (finally)： <v.> (3) conclude from. . .从……中得出结论 【运用】 1） 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情 I draw a conclusion/conclude from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 2） 最后, 我要感谢你们为我所做的一切. In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. 10. circumstance n.(常用复数）条件、环境、状况 【搭配】 1) in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下 2) in / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不:= in no case =in no way=by no means 注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序 3) in any circumstances 在任何情况下 【辨析】circumstance, environment circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。 Eg: We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment. 总结：circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）” environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。 【运用】 1)任何情况下绝不能给自己的懒惰找借口。 Under no circumstances should you find excuses for your laziness. 2)Don’t open the door, in / under any circumstances. （任何情况下）. 11.found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 【词族】 founder n. 创办者，发起人→foundation n. 基础；地基；基金会；创立 【形近词】△find- found- found v.找到/发现 △fund n.资金/基金；v.为…提供资金/资助 fund-raising 【搭配】 1）把……建立在:found…on…→be founded on… 2）为…奠定基础：lay the foundation for… 【运用】 1）清华大学创办于1911年。Tsinghua University was founded in 1911. 2) Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。 12.flow n. ①流/流动；②流畅/连贯；③不断供应；vi. 流；流动 【搭配】 Time flows away. 时间流逝 Tears flowed down one’s cheeks. 泪流满面 a flow of people / cars 人流/车流 The lines in this painting flow. 这幅画线条流畅。 13.passion n. 酷爱；激情 【词族】 passionate adj. 热诚的；狂热的；→passionately adv. 强烈地；充满热情地 【近义词】enthusiasm/enthusiastic 【搭配】 (1) 充满激情：be full of passion (2) 勃然大怒：fly into a passion (3) 对…热爱：have a passion for=be passionate about 【运用】 1) One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. 无论多大岁数，人应该总是在生活中充满激情。 2）自从我很小的时候，我就热爱英语。这就是我为什么选择英语作为专业的原因之一。 Since I was at a very young age, I have had a passion for English. That’ s one of the reasons why I choose English as my major. 3)Tango is a passionate(passion) dance, which brings the dancers together in a way words can't  express.  14. extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的; 意想不到的 【词义】 1) If you describe something or someone extraordinary, you mean that they have some extremely good or special quality. 非凡的 2) If you describe something as extraordinary, you mean that it is very unusual or surprising. 非同寻常的 【搭配】 an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就 an extraordinary woman 一位杰出的女性 【运用】 1)我们在抗击新冠疫情方面取得了巨大的进步 We have made extraordinary progress in fighting against Covid-19. 2)The task requires extraordinary patience and endurance.  这项工作需要非凡的耐心和毅力。 15.come to power 开始掌权，上台 【词族】 adj. powerful 强有力的；有影响力的；健壮的 【搭配】 come to power (开始) 当权 不能接时间段 be in power 当权，上台 可以接时间段 do everything in one’s power 尽全力 【运用】 1） 下定决心做一件事后，你就要拼尽全力。否则，你会有遗憾。 You should do everything in your power after you have determined to do something. Otherwise, you will feel regretful. 2） 这个领导上台后全心全意为人民服务。 Since this leader came to power, he has served people heart and soul. 16.consequence n.结果；后果 【词族】 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv. 结果；所以 【搭配】 1) as a consequence / in consequence [正式用语] 结果；因此 = as a result 2) as a consequence of / in consequence of [正式用语] 由于……的缘故= as a result of sth 【运用】 1. He broke the law, and now he must take / bear / accept the consequence of（承担……带来的后果）his actions. 2. The money was of little consequence / importance（无足轻重）to Tony. be+of+n= adj 3. My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of / as a result of（由于……的缘故）smoking. 4. His death was totally unexpected and, as a consequence/ in consequence/ as a result（因此）, no plans had been made for his replacement. 17. encounter v. 遇见（尤指令人不快或困难的事）；偶然碰到 【同义短语】 遭遇；遇到：meet with/run into 偶然碰到：come across 【运用】 1) We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.  我们在第一周遇到了一些困难。 2) She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered.  她是他所见到过的最出色的女性。 18.remarkable adv. 非凡的；显著的；引人注目的=astonishing unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice  【词族】remarkably <adv.>不寻常的；惊人的 【搭配】 (1) a remarkable achievement非凡的成就 (2) a remarkable career 非凡的事业 (3) a remarkable talent 非凡的才能 【运用】 1） The area is remarkable for its scenery.  这一地区以其优美的景色而引人瞩目。 2） Gu Ailing is a truly remarkable athlete who inspired teenagers to have a passion for skiing. 谷爱凌是一位真正出色的运动员,她激励了青少年们热爱滑雪运动。 19.sum <n.> 【词义】 1. I was good at sums when I was at school. 算术 2. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. 总和 3. This is the sum of my achievements so far. 全部 【词族】summary<n.>总结；概要 【运用】 1. Bill wants to spend a large sum of money（一大笔钱）to buy a big house. 2. You should sum up（总结）your argument in the final paragraph. 3. So, to sum up / in conclusion / to summarise（总之）, we need to organise our time better. $