Unit 5 Power of Ideas精读精练学案2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语学案以“Power of Ideas（思想的力量）”为主题，聚焦“发明创造”“科技改变生活”等子主题，核心目标为掌握被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时及情态动词+被动语态）。学案通过精读范文系统整合语法规则与核心词汇，配合精练篇章的分层训练，构建“输入-内化-输出”的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性与连贯性。 亮点在于以“造纸术”为载体的主题探究设计，通过“读后思考”分析发明背景与影响、被动语态改写练习等活动，培养学生语言能力（语境中运用被动语态）、文化意识（中国古代发明的世界意义）和思维品质（探究发明过程与社会价值）。提供知识点索引与逐点解析，为教师实施单元教学提供清晰指导，助力学生实现从知识记忆到语用能力的转化。

九年级英语（人教版）上册 · 精读精练学案 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 本单元主题为“Power of Ideas”（思想的力量），属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“发明创造”“科技改变生活”“创新思维”“文化传承”等子主题。主要语法为被动语态（Passive Voice），具体包括一般现在时被动语态（am/is/are + done）、一般过去时被动语态（was/were + done）以及情态动词+被动语态（情态动词 + be + done）。 精读范文是学案的核心——它将单元中零散分布于各板块的语法规则（被动语态）、核心词汇、固定搭配、重点句型系统整合为一篇完整的语篇。通过精读该文，学生能够在真实的语境中理解各项语言点的实际用法，建立知识点之间的逻辑关联，而非孤立地记忆语法规则。精练篇章则是学案的落地保障——通过题型对标中考的分层训练，帮助学生将范文中所学的语言知识转化为实际的解题能力和语用能力，实现从输入到输出的完整学习闭环。 The Invention That Shaped Our World ①Good morning, everyone. ②Today I would like to share with you the story of one of the most important inventions in human history — papermaking. ③Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? ④Without paper, none of these things would exist. ⑤All of these things depend on one invention — papermaking. ⑥It was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. ⑦In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. ⑧However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. ⑨Cai Lun, an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, became interested in solving this problem. ⑩Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. ⑪From past experiences, he got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. ⑫In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. ⑬Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. ⑭Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. ⑮Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. ⑯To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. ⑰In 105 CE, Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking, showed his creation to the emperor. ⑱His paper was made from bark, old clothes, and plant fibre. ⑲The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. ⑳Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. ㉑It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. ㉒Papermaking was one of the most important inventions in history. ㉓It led to a rapid increase in the number of books. ㉔This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. ㉕Please remember — great ideas can change the world. ㉖Never stop thinking and creating. ㉗Who knows what great idea you might come up with next? 【中文翻译】 大家早上好。今天我想和大家分享人类历史上最重要的发明之一——造纸术的故事。 你能想象一个没有书籍、报纸或杂志的世界吗？没有纸，这些东西都不会存在。所有这些东西都依赖一项发明——造纸术。它负责信息的快速传播，塑造了我们的现代世界。 在中国古代，许多不同的材料被用来书写，比如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木头、竹子，甚至丝绸。然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。 蔡伦，东汉时期的一位官员，对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。人们尝试了各种方法来创造可以书写的东西，但没有一个是理想的。从过去的经验中，他得到了一个想法：树皮、某些植物和旧衣服可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 在蔡伦实验的第一步中，所有原料被混合并煮沸。然后，这种材料被捣碎、切碎，并再次与水混合。接着，液体被倒在竹筛上，留下纤维。最后，这些纤维被干燥并压制成纸。令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，最重要的是，便宜。 公元105年，蔡伦——造纸术的发明者——把他的发明呈献给皇帝。他的纸是用树皮、旧衣服和植物纤维制成的。皇帝非常高兴，并称赞蔡伦的伟大工作。后来，造纸技术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。它首先传播到中国的邻国，最终在12世纪通过阿拉伯国家传到了欧洲。 造纸术是历史上最重要的发明之一。它导致了书籍数量的迅速增加。这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天的世界。 请记住——伟大的想法可以改变世界。永远不要停止思考和创造。谁知道你接下来会想出什么伟大的想法呢？ 【读后思考】 1. What materials were used to write on before Cai Lun's invention? 2. What were the steps of Cai Lun's experiment? 3. How did papermaking change the world according to the passage? 【知识点索引】 知识点 序号 类别 Can you imagine a world without books...? ③ 反问句 Without paper, none of these things would exist. ④ 虚拟语气（拓展） It was responsible for the rapid spread of information ⑥ 核心短语be responsible for were used ⑦ 一般过去时被动语态 were ⑧ 系动词be（过去时） expensive ⑧ 核心词汇 became interested in ⑨ 核心短语become interested in were tried ⑩ 一般过去时被动语态 be used ⑪ 情态动词+被动语态 were mixed, was beaten, was poured, was dried ⑫-⑮ 一般过去时被动语态 To everyone's surprise ⑯ 核心句型 the inventor ⑰ 核心词汇inventor His paper was made from bark, old clothes, and plant fibre. ⑱ be made from（看不出原材料） was very pleased ⑲ 系表结构（被动形式表状态） not only...but also... ⑳ 并列连接结构 speeded up ⑳ 核心短语speed up Papermaking was one of the most important inventions ㉒ 最高级结构 It led to ㉓ 核心短语lead to This resulted in ㉔ 核心短语result in Please remember ㉕ 祈使句 【范文逐点解析】 ① Good morning, everyone. 解析：演讲稿开场白，用于正式讲话的开头。 例句：Good morning, everyone. Today I'm going to talk about how inventions have shaped our modern world.（大家早上好。今天我要谈谈发明如何塑造了我们的现代世界。） ② Today I would like to share with you the story of one of the most important inventions in human history — papermaking. 解析：would like to share with you意为“想要与你们分享”，share sth. with sb. 为固定搭配。one of the most important inventions为“one of + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构，谓语动词用单数。该句点明演讲主题。 例句：I would like to share with you the story of an invention that changed the way we communicate.（我想和大家分享一项改变了我们沟通方式的发明的故事。） ③ Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? 解析：Can you imagine...? 为反问句，用于引起听众思考。without books, newspapers, or magazines为介词短语作定语修饰world。该句以反问开场，吸引听众注意力，同时为引出造纸术的重要性做铺垫。 例句：Can you imagine a world without electricity or the Internet?（你能想象一个没有电或互联网的世界吗？） ④ Without paper, none of these things would exist. 解析：Without paper, none of these things would exist. 为过渡句，连接③句的反问与⑤句的结论。Without paper为介词短语作条件状语，would exist为虚拟语气，表示“没有纸，这些东西都不会存在”。该句补足了③句到⑤句之间的逻辑链条，使行文更加连贯。 例句：Without the printing press, books would not be so widely available.（没有印刷机，书籍就不会如此普及。） ⑤ All of these things depend on one invention — papermaking. 解析：depend on意为“依赖、依靠”，为固定短语。破折号后解释说明具体发明。该句承接③④句，指出所有前述物品都依赖造纸术。 例句：Modern communication depends on many inventions, such as the telephone and the Internet.（现代通信依赖许多发明，比如电话和互联网。） ⑥ It was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 解析：was responsible for意为“是……的原因/对……负责”。rapid spread of information意为“信息的快速传播”。that shaped our modern world为定语从句，修饰information，shape意为“塑造”。该句点明造纸术的历史意义。 例句：The invention of the Internet was responsible for the rapid spread of knowledge around the world.（互联网的发明是知识在全球快速传播的原因。） ⑦ In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. 解析：were used to write on为一般过去时被动语态（were + 过去分词used），主语materials与use之间为被动关系。such as引出具体例子。该句为本单元核心语法在范文中首次呈现——被动语态强调动作的承受者（材料）而非执行者。 例句：In the past, bamboo strips were used to write on in ancient China.（在过去，中国古代用竹简来书写。） ⑧ However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. 解析：either...or... 意为“要么……要么……”，连接两个并列的表语。difficult to use and store为“形容词 + 不定式”结构。该句说明早期书写材料的缺陷，为蔡伦的发明做铺垫。 例句：The early materials were either too heavy to carry or too expensive to afford.（早期的材料要么太重不便携带，要么太贵买不起。） ⑨ Cai Lun, an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, became interested in solving this problem. 解析：an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty为Cai Lun的同位语，补充说明其身份。became interested in意为“对……产生兴趣”，in为介词，后接动名词solving。 例句：The young inventor became interested in creating a machine that could fly.（这位年轻的发明家对创造一台能飞的机器产生了兴趣。） ⑩ Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. 解析：were tried为一般过去时被动语态（were + 过去分词tried），主语methods与try之间为被动关系。none意为“没有一个”，作主语时谓语可用单数或复数。该句继续使用被动语态描述尝试的过程。 例句：Many different designs were tried before the final product was created.（在最终产品被创造出来之前，尝试了许多不同的设计。） ⑪ From past experiences, he got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. 解析：that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used... 为同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。could be used为情态动词 + 被动语态（could + be + 过去分词），表示“可以被用来”。suitable to write on为形容词短语作后置定语修饰material。 例句：He got the idea that waste paper could be recycled to make new paper.（他想到废纸可以被回收利用来制造新纸。） ⑫ In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. 解析：were mixed and boiled为一般过去时被动语态，两个并列的过去分词共用一个助动词were。该句描述实验的第一步——混合和煮沸。范文连续用被动语态描述实验步骤，体现被动语态在描述过程时的典型用法——强调动作本身而非执行者。 例句：First, all the materials were collected and prepared for the experiment.（首先，所有材料被收集并为实验做好准备。） ⑬ Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. 解析：was beaten, cut up, and mixed为一般过去时被动语态，三个并列的过去分词共用一个助动词was。cut up意为“切碎”，为固定短语。 例句：The mixture was beaten and mixed thoroughly before the next step.（混合物被搅拌并充分混合，然后进行下一步。） ⑭ Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 解析：was poured为一般过去时被动语态。leaving just the fibre为现在分词短语作结果状语。该句描述实验的第三步——过滤。 例句：The liquid was poured over a filter to remove the unwanted particles.（液体被倒在过滤器上以去除不需要的颗粒。） ⑮ Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 解析：was dried and pressed为一般过去时被动语态。to form paper为不定式作目的状语。该句描述实验的最后一步——干燥和压制成纸。 例句：The sheets were dried in the sun and pressed to make them smooth.（这些纸张在阳光下被晒干并压平使其光滑。） ⑯ To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. 解析：To everyone's surprise意为“令所有人惊讶的是”。easy to make and use为“形容词 + 不定式”结构。该句总结蔡伦造纸的成果——出乎所有人意料地好。 例句：To everyone's surprise, the simple machine turned out to be extremely useful. （令所有人惊讶的是，这台简单的机器竟然非常有用。） ⑰ In 105 CE, Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking, showed his creation to the emperor. 解析：the inventor of papermaking为Cai Lun的同位语，补充说明其身份。inventor意为“发明家”，来源于动词invent（发明）。 例句：The inventor of the telephone, Alexander Bell, made the first call in 1876.（电话的发明者亚历山大·贝尔在1876年拨出了第一个电话。） ⑱ His paper was made from bark, old clothes, and plant fibre. 解析：was made from意为“由……制成”（看不出原材料）。辨析：be made of意为“由……制成”（看得出原材料），如The table is made of wood. be made from用于原材料经过化学变化后无法辨认的情形。造纸过程中，树皮、旧衣服等原材料经过浸泡、捣碎、过滤等工序后已看不出原来形态，故用be made from。 例句：This kind of paper is made from bamboo, which grows quickly in many parts of China.（这种纸是用竹子制成的，竹子在中国许多地方生长迅速。） ⑲ The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. 解析：was very pleased为系表结构（be + 过去分词pleased），表示状态而非被动——此处pleased为形容词。praised...for... 意为“因……而称赞……”。 例句：The teacher was pleased with the students' creative ideas.（老师对学生们有创意的想法感到满意。） ⑳ Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 解析：Later on意为“后来、其后”。not only...but also... 连接两个并列谓语。speeded up意为“加速”。该句总结造纸术的双重影响。 例句：The new technology not only improved production but also created many new jobs. （新技术不仅提高了产量，还创造了许多新工作岗位。） ㉑ It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. 解析：spread to意为“传播到”，spread的过去式和过去分词与原形同形。through Arab countries意为“通过阿拉伯国家”。 例句：The art of papermaking spread to Korea and Japan before it reached Europe.（造纸术在传到欧洲之前先传到了韩国和日本。） ㉒ Papermaking was one of the most important inventions in history. 解析：one of the most important inventions为“one of + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。该句点明造纸术的历史地位。 例句：The printing press was one of the most important inventions in history.（印刷机是历史上最重要的发明之一。） ㉓ It led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 解析：led to意为“导致”，to为介词。a rapid increase意为“迅速增加”。 例句：The invention of the Internet led to a rapid increase in global communication.（互联网的发明导致了全球通信的迅速增加。） ㉔ This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 解析：resulted in意为“造成、导致”。creating the world we have today为现在分词短语作结果状语。该句总结造纸术的最终影响——知识的新生。 例句：The discovery of electricity resulted in many new inventions that changed people's lives.（电的发现导致了许多改变人们生活的新发明。） ㉕ Please remember — great ideas can change the world. 解析：Please remember为祈使句（肯定式，加please表委婉）。该句为全文第一个启示——伟大的想法可以改变世界。 例句：Please remember — even the smallest idea can grow into something great.（请记住——即使是最小的想法也能发展成伟大的事物。） ㉖ Never stop thinking and creating. 解析：Never stop thinking and creating为否定祈使句（Never + 动词原形）。该句为全文第二个启示——永不停止思考和创造。 例句：Never stop asking questions — that's how great ideas are born.（永远不要停止提问——伟大的想法就是这样诞生的。） ㉗ Who knows what great idea you might come up with next? 解析：Who knows为特殊疑问句，疑问词Who作主语。what great idea you might come up with为宾语从句，用陈述语序。come up with意为“想出（主意）”。该句以反问句结尾，引人思考。 例句：Who knows what brilliant invention you might create in the future?（谁知道你将来会创造出什么精彩的发明呢？） （一）重点词汇 词汇 词性 释义 词形变换 用法与搭配要点 invention n. 发明、发明物 invent (v.) 发明；inventor (n.) 发明家 the invention of... ……的发明 invent v. 发明 invention (n.)；inventor (n.) be invented by sb. 由某人发明 inventor n. 发明家 invent (v.)；invention (n.) the inventor of... ……的发明者 create v. 创造、创建 creation (n.) 创造/作品；creative (adj.) 有创造力的 create sth. new 创造新事物 creative adj. 有创造力的 create (v.)；creatively (adv.)；creativity (n.) creative thinking 创造性思维 design v./n. 设计 designer (n.) 设计师 be designed for/to do 为……而设计 produce v. 生产、制造 production (n.) 生产；product (n.) 产品 be produced in 在某地生产 rapid adj. 迅速的、快速的 rapidly (adv.) 迅速地 rapid spread/increase 快速传播/增长 responsible adj. 有责任的、作为原因的 responsibly (adv.)；responsibility (n.) 责任 be responsible for 对……负责/是……的原因 spread v./n. 传播、散布 spread（过去式/过去分词同形） spread to 传播到 shape v. 塑造 — shape one's future/character 塑造未来/性格 lead v. 导致、通向 led (过去式/过去分词) lead to 导致（to为介词） result v./n. 导致、结果 — result in 导致 speed v. 加速 sped / speeded（过去式/过去分词） speed up 加速 afford v. 买得起、承担得起 — afford to do 负担得起做某事 cheap adj. 便宜的 cheaply (adv.) 反义词：expensive expensive adj. 昂贵的 expensively (adv.) 反义词：cheap （二）重点短语 短语 释义 例句 注意事项 be responsible for 是……的原因/对……负责 The invention was responsible for rapid change. for为介词，后接名词/动名词 be used to do 被用来做某事 Bamboo was used to write on. used to do（过去常常做） be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料） The table is made of wood. 原材料可辨认 be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料） Paper is made from wood. 原材料不可辨认 become interested in 对……产生兴趣 He became interested in science. in为介词，后接名词/动名词 speed up 加速 The new method speeded up production. speed的过去式可为sped或speeded later on 后来、其后 Later on, the technique spread to Europe. 副词短语 lead to 导致 This led to great changes. to为介词，后接名词/动名词 result in 造成、导致 The experiment resulted in a new discovery. 同义：lead to to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To his surprise, it worked. surprise前用物主代词 depend on 依赖、依靠 All these things depend on one invention. 及物性短语动词 cut up 切碎 The material was cut up. 及物动词短语 come up with 想出（主意） He came up with a great idea. 及物性短语动词 turn ideas into reality 把想法变成现实 We can turn our ideas into reality. turn...into... （三）重点句型 句型 结构 例句 考点说明 被动语态（一般现在时） am/is/are + 过去分词 Paper is made from wood. 强调动作承受者 被动语态（一般过去时） was/were + 过去分词 The telephone was invented in 1876. 强调动作承受者 情态动词+被动语态 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 It could be used to write on. 含情态动词的被动 one of + 最高级 + 复数名词 最高级结构 Papermaking was one of the most important inventions. 谓语用单数 not only...but also... 并列连接结构 It not only speeded up development but also changed the world. 连接并列成分 be + 过去分词（表状态） 系表结构 The emperor was pleased. 过去分词作形容词 To one's surprise 固定短语 To everyone's surprise, it was cheap. 物主代词随主语变化 Can you imagine...? 反问句 Can you imagine a world without paper? 引起思考 （四）单元语法：被动语态（一般现在时 & 一般过去时） 1. 核心概念 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语用被动语态。 主动语态：Bell invented the telephone.（贝尔发明了电话。） 被动语态：The telephone was invented by Bell.（电话被贝尔发明。） 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 基本结构： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时被动 am/is/are + 过去分词 Paper is made from wood. 一般过去时被动 was/were + 过去分词 The radio was invented in the 1890s. 情态动词被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 News could be spread around the world. 3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 步骤一：将主动句的宾语移到句首，作被动句的主语。 步骤二：谓语改为“be + 过去分词”，be的时态随原句时态变化。 步骤三：原主语前加by（如需说明执行者）。 示例： 主动：Cai Lun invented papermaking. 被动：Papermaking was invented by Cai Lun. 4. 被动语态的使用场景 ① 动作的执行者不明或不重要时： The window was broken.（不知道谁打破的） ② 需要强调动作的承受者时： The telephone was invented in 1876.（强调电话而非发明者） ③ 描述过程与步骤时（本单元核心用法）： The ingredients were mixed and boiled.（强调混合和煮沸的过程） ④ 科技、新闻报道等正式文体中： A new type of paper was produced. 5. 易错点总结 错例1：忘记be动词 错句：The paper made by Cai Lun. 正句：The paper was made by Cai Lun. 解析：被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，不可省略be动词。 错例2：过去分词形式错误 错句：The telephone was invent in 1876. 正句：The telephone was invented in 1876. 解析：被动语态需用过去分词，而非动词原形或过去式。 错例3：情态动词被动中忘记be 错句：News could spread around the world. 正句：News could be spread around the world. 解析：含情态动词的被动语态为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be不可省略。 错例4：不及物动词误用于被动语态 错句：The accident was happened yesterday. 正句：The accident happened yesterday. 解析：happen、take place、belong to等不及物动词没有被动语态。 错例5：主动变被动时主语变化不清 错句：People use smartphones. → Smartphones is used by people. 正句：People use smartphones. → Smartphones are used by people. 解析：被动句的主语（原主动句的宾语）决定be动词的数。smartphones为复数，用are。 （五）写作常用句式 1. 引出发明话题 ① Can you imagine a world without...? 你能想象一个没有……的世界吗？ ② Today I would like to share with you the story of one of the most important inventions in human history. 今天我想和大家分享人类历史上最重要的发明之一的故事。 2. 描述发明的背景与问题 ③ In ancient times, many different materials were used to... 在古代，许多不同的材料被用来…… ④ However, all of these materials were either..., or... 然而，所有这些材料要么……，要么…… ⑤ Someone became interested in solving this problem. 某人对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。 3. 描述发明的过程（运用被动语态） ⑥ In the first step, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled. 第一步，所有原料被混合并煮沸。 ⑦ Then, the material was beaten and cut up. 然后，材料被捣碎和切碎。 ⑧ Next, the liquid was poured over... and finally it was dried. 接着，液体被倒在……上，最后被干燥。 4. 描述发明的影响 ⑨ It was responsible for the rapid spread of... 它对……的快速传播负有责任。 ⑩ It not only speeded up..., but also changed... 它不仅加速了……，也改变了…… ⑪ This led to / resulted in... 这导致了…… 5. 总结与启示 ⑫ ...was one of the most important inventions in history. ……是历史上最重要的发明之一。 ⑬ Please remember — great ideas can change the world. 请记住——伟大的想法可以改变世界。 ⑭ Never stop thinking and creating — who knows what great idea you might come up with next? 永远不要停止思考和创造——谁知道你接下来会想出什么伟大的想法呢？ 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Do you know 1. ______ paper was invented? Before Cai Lun's time, people wrote on materials that were either too heavy or too expensive. Cai Lun, an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, 2. ______ interested in solving this problem. In his experiment, the materials 3. ______ mixed and boiled first. Then they were beaten, 4. ______ up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre was dried and pressed to 5. ______ paper. 6. ______ everyone's surprise, the paper was soft, light, and cheap. The emperor was very pleased and 7. ______ Cai Lun for his great work. The invention of paper was 8. ______ for the rapid spread of information. It not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, 9. ______ also changed civilizations around the world. This 10. ______ in a new birth of knowledge. 1. A. what B. how　 C. why　 D. that 2. A. became　 B. remained C. seemed　 D. appeared 3. A. was　 B. were　 C. are　 D. is 4. A. set　 B. take　 C. put　 D. cut 5. A. form　 B. invent　 C. create　 D. design 6. A. For　 B. With　 C. To　 D. At 7. A. praised　 B. produced　 C. prepared　 D. protected 8. A. ready　 B. famous C. important D. responsible 9. A. and　 B. so　 C. but　 D. or 10. A. resulted　 B. led　 C. caused　 D. started 二、语法填空（被动语态专项） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（用主动或被动语态）。 The 3D printer 1. ______ (design) to create three-dimensional objects from digital files. It 2. ______ (invent) in the 1980s, but it 3. ______ (not become) widely used until recent years. The printing process 4. ______ (start) with a digital design. This design 5. ______ (send) to the printer as a file. Then, the printer 6. ______ (read) the file and 7. ______ (produce) the object layer by layer. Today, 3D printers 8. ______ (use) in many fields. In medicine, human organs 9. ______ (create) by 3D printers. In the future, more amazing things 10. ______ (make) by this technology. 三、被动语态改写 将下列句子改为被动语态，每空一词。 1. People all over the world use smartphones now. Smartphones ______ ______ by people all over the world now. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone ______ ______ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 3. Workers built the bridge last year. The bridge ______ ______ last year. 4. The machine can produce hundreds of kinds of dishes. Hundreds of kinds of dishes ______ ______ produced by the machine. 5. People will use robots in many factories. Robots ______ ______ in many factories. 6. The students are writing a report about inventions. A report about inventions ______ ______ ______ by the students. 7. People grow rice in many countries. Rice ______ ______ in many countries. 8. The Chinese team designed this app. This app ______ ______ by the Chinese team. 四、短文填空（首字母提示） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Do you know h____1____ paper was invented? Before Cai Lun's time, people wrote on materials that were e____2____ too heavy or too expensive. Cai Lun, an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, b____3____ interested in solving this problem. In his e____4____, the materials were mixed and boiled first. Then they were beaten, cut up, and mixed with water a____5____. Next, the liquid was p____6____ over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre was dried and p____7____ to form paper. To everyone's s____8____, the paper was soft, light, and cheap. The emperor was very p____9____ and praised Cai Lun for his great work. The invention of paper led to a rapid i____10____ in the number of books and a new birth of knowledge. 五、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话（有一项多余）。 A. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. B. What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? C. Could you tell me how paper was made in ancient China? D. That's amazing! E. I don't think so. F. When and where was it invented? G. It led to the rapid spread of knowledge. Student A and Student B are talking about inventions. A: Hey, we have a project about inventions. 1. ______ B: I think it has to be papermaking. A: Papermaking? Why? B: Because before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo, wood, or silk. Those materials were either too heavy or too expensive. A: I see. 2. ______ B: It was invented in China about 2,000 years ago. 3. ______ A: Wow, that's a long time ago. 4. ______ B: Sure. First, the materials were mixed and boiled in water. Then they were beaten and cut up. Finally, the fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. A: 5. ______ How did it change the world? B: It made books cheaper and more available. 6. ______ 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各项任务。 An Invention That Changed the World Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? All of these things depend on one invention — papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. Cai Lun, the head officer of the palace workshop in the Eastern Han Dynasty, became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. In the first step of his experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 任务一：判断正误 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写T，错误的写F。 1. Before paper was invented, people used many different materials to write on. （　） 2. All of the early writing materials were cheap and easy to use. （　） 3. Cai Lun got the idea from his experiences that bark and old clothes could be used to make paper. （　） 4. The paper Cai Lun made was soft, light, and expensive. （　） 5. The papermaking technique spread to Europe through Arab countries. （　） 任务二：回答问题 根据短文内容，用完整句子回答下列问题。 6. What materials were used to write on in ancient China before Cai Lun's invention? 7. Why did Cai Lun want to solve the problem of writing materials? 8. Describe in your own words how paper was made in ancient China.（至少写出三个步骤） 9. How did the emperor react to Cai Lun's invention? 10. How did papermaking change the world? 任务三：翻译与被动语态识别 11. 将文中画线句子翻译成中文。 翻译：____________________________________________________________________ 12. 从文中找出两个被动语态的句子，抄写下来并说明其被动结构。 句子①：__________________________________________________________ 结构分析：________________________________________________________ 句子②：__________________________________________________________ 结构分析：________________________________________________________ 任务四：开放性问答 13. Cai Lun turned his idea into reality through years of experiments. What can you learn from his story? How can ideas be turned into reality in our daily lives? （请用完整句子回答，观点明确，理由充分。回答中至少使用一次被动语态。） 参考答案与解析 精读范文读后思考 1. Before Cai Lun's invention, people used materials like animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk to write on. 2. The steps were: first, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water; then they were beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again; next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen; finally, the fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 3. Papermaking speeded up the spread of information, led to a rapid increase in books, and resulted in a new birth of knowledge. 一、完形填空 1. B —— 本题考查宾语从句引导词。句意：你知道纸是如何被发明的吗？how在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何”。what在从句中需充当成分；why表原因；that引导陈述内容，均不符合“如何”的含义。 2. A —— 本题考查固定搭配。became interested in为固定短语，意为“对……产生兴趣”。remained“保持”、seemed“似乎”、appeared“似乎”，均不与interested in构成此搭配。 3. B —— 本题考查被动语态的主谓一致。主语the materials为复数，且描述过去事实，应用were。A为单数，C为现在时，D为单数现在时。 4. D —— 本题考查固定搭配。cut up为固定短语，意为“切碎”。take up“拿起/占据”、put up“张贴”、set up“建立”，均不符合“切碎材料”的语境。 5. A —— 本题考查动词辨析。form意为“形成”，form paper意为“形成纸张”。invent“发明”、create“创造”、design“设计”，均不如form贴合“纤维被压制成纸张”的语境。 6. C —— 本题考查固定搭配。To one's surprise为固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。For/With/At均不构成此搭配。 7. A —— 本题考查动词辨析。praised意为“称赞”，praised...for... 为固定搭配。produced“生产”、prepared“准备”、protected“保护”，均不符合“皇帝称赞蔡伦”的语境。 8. D —— 本题考查短语搭配。be responsible for为固定短语，意为“对……负责/是……的原因”。ready“准备好的”、important“重要的”、famous“著名的”，均不构成此搭配。 9. C —— 本题考查并列连接结构。not only...but also... 为固定搭配，此处填but。and/so/or均不能构成此结构。 10. A —— 本题考查固定搭配。resulted in为固定短语，意为“导致”。led to也是“导致”，但后面应接to，而空格后为in，故排除B。caused及started均不构成此搭配。 二、语法填空（被动语态专项） 1. was designed —— 主语The 3D printer与design为被动关系，描述一般事实，但强调设计这一动作已完成，用一般过去时被动。 2. was invented —— 主语It与invent为被动关系，时间状语in the 1980s表过去，用一般过去时被动。 3. did not become —— 主语it与become为主动关系，until recent years提示过去时间，用一般过去时否定。 4. starts —— 主语The printing process与start为主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 5. is sent —— 主语This design与send为被动关系，描述一般流程，用一般现在时被动。 6. reads —— 主语the printer与read为主动关系，描述一般流程，用一般现在时。 7. produces —— 主语the printer与produce为主动关系，描述一般流程，用一般现在时。 8. are used —— 主语3D printers与use为被动关系，描述一般事实，用一般现在时被动。 9. can be created —— 主语human organs与create为被动关系，含情态动词can，用can be created。 10. will be made —— 主语more amazing things与make为被动关系，时间状语in the future表将来，用一般将来时被动。 三、被动语态改写 1. are used —— 一般现在时被动：are + 过去分词used。主语Smartphones为复数。 2. was invented —— 一般过去时被动：was + 过去分词invented。 3. was built —— 一般过去时被动：was + 过去分词built。 4. can be —— 情态动词被动：can + be + 过去分词produced。 5. will be used —— 一般将来时被动：will + be + 过去分词used。 6. is being written —— 现在进行时被动：is + being + 过去分词written。 7. is grown —— 一般现在时被动：is + 过去分词grown。 8. was designed —— 一般过去时被动：was + 过去分词designed。 四、短文填空（首字母提示） 1. how —— Do you know how...为how引导的宾语从句，表示“如何”。 2. either —— either...or...为固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……”。 3. became —— became interested in为固定短语，表示“对……产生兴趣”。 4. experiment —— in his experiment意为“在他的实验中”。 5. again —— mixed with water again意为“再次与水混合”。 6. poured —— was poured over为被动语态，表示“被倒在……上”。 7. pressed —— dried and pressed为并列过去分词，表示“被干燥和压制”。 8. surprise —— To everyone's surprise为固定短语。 9. pleased —— was very pleased为系表结构，表示“非常满意”。 10. increase —— a rapid increase意为“快速增长”。 五、补全对话 1. B —— 下文说“我认为一定是造纸术”，上文应问“你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么”。What do you think is the most useful invention of all time?符合。 2. F —— 下文说“它大约2000年前在中国被发明”，上文应问“它是什么时候、在哪里被发明的”。When and where was it invented?符合。 3. A —— 上文问发明者和时间，下文应回答“它是由蔡伦在东汉发明的”。It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.符合。 4. C —— 下文回答造纸的步骤，上文应问“你能告诉我中国古代纸是怎么造的吗”。Could you tell me how paper was made in ancient China?符合。 5. D —— 上文描述了造纸的步骤，下文说“它如何改变了世界”，中间应表达赞叹“太棒了”。That's amazing!符合。 6. G —— 上文问“它如何改变了世界”，下文应回答“它导致了知识的快速传播”。It led to the rapid spread of knowledge.符合。 六、任务型阅读 任务一 1. T —— 原文“many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk”直接对应。 2. F —— 原文“all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive”说明它们不是便宜易用的。 3. T —— 原文“From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used...”直接对应。 4. F —— 原文“most importantly, cheap”说明是便宜的，而非昂贵的。 5. T —— 原文“finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century”直接对应。 任务二 6. People used materials like animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. 7. Because all the materials used before were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. 解析：原文“all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive”直接提取。 8. First, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, the material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 9. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. 解析：原文“The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work”直接提取。 10. It led to a rapid increase in the number of books and resulted in a new birth of knowledge. 解析：原文“led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge”直接提取。 任务三 11. 它比任何其他发明都更能促进信息的快速传播，而这种传播塑造了我们的现代世界。 解析：It指代papermaking；more than any other invention为比较结构；was responsible for意为“对……负责/是……的原因”；that shaped our modern world为定语从句修饰information。 12. 句子①：*many different materials were used to write on* 结构分析： were为助动词，used为过去分词，构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“被用来写”。 句子②：*this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper* 结构分析： was为助动词，dried和pressed为并列过去分词，构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“被干燥和压制”。 解析：学生需从文中找出被动语态句子并分析其结构，考查对被动语态的识别与理解能力。 任务四 13. Sample answer: From Cai Lun's story, I learn that great ideas can be turned into reality through hard work and patience. He didn't give up when different methods failed. Instead, he kept trying until he succeeded. In our daily lives, we can turn ideas into reality by taking action step by step. For example, if we want to improve our English, we can make a plan and follow it every day. As Cai Lun showed us, nothing great can be achieved without effort. （从蔡伦的故事中，我学到伟大的想法可以通过努力和耐心变成现实。当不同方法失败时他没有放弃。相反，他不断尝试直到成功。在我们的日常生活中，我们可以通过一步一步地行动把想法变成现实。正如蔡伦向我们展示的，没有努力就什么伟大的事也做不成。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $