Unit 2 Growing pains and gains (音标听写·分层默写通关卡) 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 以“语篇为载体、分层为策略”，整合音标听写、词汇默写、语法突破等模块，通过“背诵-自测”闭环训练，系统提升语言能力与应试技巧。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |重难点突破|5要点+8题|被动语态“构成-句式-易错点”三步法，三时态对比表|从课文例句到语法规则，构建“现象-规律-应用”链条| |学习锦囊|3类锦囊|易错音标辨音技巧，promise短语口诀，中考考点链接|聚焦语音、词汇、语法薄弱点，直击中考高频失分点| |分层闯关|20词|基础/培优双栏分层，核心词+拓展词梯度训练|依据课标要求，实现词汇掌握从“基础识记”到“灵活运用”|

Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 音标听写 分层默写通关卡 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册 【本品特色】 出版社官方音标直采 基础+培优双栏分层 易错音标 中考 口诀锦囊 【教材版本】外研版(三年级起点) 《义务教育教科书 英语》八年级下册 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains,依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》编写。本讲义词汇与短语直采本单元课文与课本附录 Words and expressions 词汇总表(音标采用教材标注的英式发音);句型语法与金句依据单元语法聚焦整理,例句与练习为原创设计,供课堂默写与自测使用。 第一部分 背诵部分(先看先记) 一、课文原文(逐字背诵) Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. The clock reads 10:27 pm. The son runs through the door, out of breath. Mum: Look at the time! Do you remember your promise? Son: (in a low voice) Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight. But Mum: (interrupting) A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time. Son: Mum, please listen I was heading back at 8:30. Son: On my way back, I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. I had to go back to get it. Son: Halfway back, I noticed an old woman under a street lamp. She was wearing a thin blouse and it was cold. She looked pale. I asked her if she needed help. She said she was lost. Son: I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. It had her information on it. But I couldn't call her family without my phone. So I gave her my jacket and took her to the nearest police station. I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home. Mum: Oh, what a night! I'm sorry for being cross with you. But why didn't you phone me from the police station? I was so worried! Mum: Now I understand. I'm very proud of you. 二、重点词汇 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 pm / pi em/ n. 下午(用于表示钟点的数字之后) promise / pr m s/ n.&v. 保证,承诺,诺言;许诺,保证,答应 tonight /t na t/ adv. (在)今晚 interrupt / nt r pt/ v. 打断(……的)讲话;中断(……的)行动;打扰 lamp /l mp/ n. 灯 blouse /bla z/ n. 女士宽松短衫,女衬衫 pale /pe l/ adj. 苍白的 attach / t t / v. 系;绑;贴 wrist /r st/ n. 腕(关节) policewoman /p li sw m n/ n. 女警察 elderly / eld li/ adj. 年老的,渐老的(委婉用法) plot /pl t/ n. 情节 point /p nt/ n. 要点,重点;中心意思,主要含义;观点 lazy / le zi/ adj. 懒洋洋的,慵懒的 sofa / s f / n. 长沙发 term /t m/ n. 学期 spend /spend/ v. 花(时间) conversation / k nv se n/ n. 谈话,交谈,会话 disagreement / d s ri m nt/ n. 意见不合,分歧,争论 attitude / t tju d/ n. 看法,态度 childhood / t a ldh d/ n. 童年,儿童时代 peer /p / n. 同龄人 pressure / pre / n. (工作或生活中的)压力 disappointed / d s p nt d/ adj. 失望的,沮丧的 fail /fe l/ v. 失败;未做到 heartbreaking / h t bre k / adj. 使人心碎的 skiing / ski / n. 滑雪运动 completely /k m pli tli/ adv. 完全地,全部地,彻底地 upon / p n/ prep. 在……上面 clearly / kl li/ adv. 清楚地,明白地 三、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 out of breath 上气不接下气 in a low voice 低声地 a deal is a deal 一言为定;说到做到 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 on one's way back 在某人回来的路上 be attached to 系在……上;贴在……上 pick up 取回;拿起 be cross with 生……的气 be proud of 为……骄傲 be taken home by 被……送回家 turn down 拒绝 fall upon 落在(某人)身上 四、重点句型/语法 句型/语法点 中文说明 例句 一般过去时的被动语态(Passive in the simple past) 结构:was / were + 动词过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者),表示过去发生的动作是谁“承受”的。 I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. be attached to 意为“系在……上”,band 是“被系上”的一方,故用 was attached to。 I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. promise to do sth 意为“承诺做某事”。 I promised to be back before 9 tonight. be cross with / be proud of be cross with sb 意为“生某人的气”;be proud of sb 意为“为某人骄傲”。 I'm sorry for being cross with you. / I'm very proud of you. 五、重难点突破(被动语态(2):一般过去时的被动语态) 语法要点速记 要点 说明 例句 ① 构成 肯定句:主语 + was / were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)。教材例句:The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打扫过了。Connie's ability in swimming was noticed by the coach. Connie 的游泳能力引起了教练的注意。 ② 各类句式 否定句:was / were + not + 过去分词;一般疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词;特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 过去分词(均出自教材附录 Guide to the language use 总结表)。 ③ 三时态被动总表 一般现在时 do am / is / are + done;一般过去时 did was / were + done;一般将来时 will do will / be going to + be + done。被动语态强调动作承受者,而不强调执行者。 ④ 过去分词怎么构成 规则动词与过去式相同:promise promised, attach attached, take taken(不规则), keep kept(不规则), clean cleaned, notice noticed。 ⑤ 本单元易错点 1) was / were 与主语搭配(I / he / she / it was;you / we / they were);2) 疑问句忘记把 Was / Were 提前;3) 不规则过去分词写错( taked taken, keeped kept)。 易混辨析(中考易错) 词 A / 释义 词 B / 释义 辨析与例句 disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的(人感到失望):I was so disappointed at(教材 Language notes 原句) disappointing adj. 令人失望的(事物让人失望) The result was disappointing, so I felt disappointed. 结果令人失望,所以我感到失望。修饰人用 -ed,修饰物用 -ing。 语音聚焦(锚定本单元辅音) 音标 说明与语篇例词 /str/ strange /stre nd / 奇怪的;straight /stre t/ 直的;strong /str / 强壮的 /spr/ spring /spr / 春天;spread /spred/ 传播;spray /spre / 喷洒 /skr/ screen /skri n/ 屏幕;scream /skri m/ 尖叫;describe /d skra b/ 描述(词中含 /skr/) 六、学习锦囊(易错音标 中考链接 记忆口诀) 学习锦囊(易错 中考 口诀) 易错音标 attitude / t tju d/ 英式发音含 /j/,勿读成 / t tu d/;clearly / kl li/ 含双元音 / /,勿读成 /kl li/;pressure / pre / 词尾是 / / 勿加卷舌。均出自本单元词表。 中考链接 一般过去时的被动语态是中考句型转换高频考点:was / were + done。标志:yesterday、last night、in + 过去年份,且主语是动作承受者,如 The promise wasn't kept. 注意 was / were 与主语搭配。 记忆口诀 A deal is a deal——一言为定,说到做到。promise 的三个老搭档:make a promise(作出承诺)、keep a promise(遵守承诺)、break a promise(失约),keep 与 break 是一对反义搭档。 第二部分 默写部分(掩卷自测) 一、语篇挖空(根据课文原文填空,每空一词) Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. The clock reads 10:27 pm. The son runs through the door, out of . Mum: Look at the time! Do you remember your ? Son: (in a low voice) Yes, I to be back before 9 tonight. But Mum: (interrupting) A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't , so you can't stay out late next time. Son: Mum, please listen I was heading back at 8:30. Son: On my way back, I that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. I had to go back to get it. Son: Halfway back, I noticed an old woman under a street lamp. She was wearing a thin and it was cold. She looked . Son: I checked and saw that a yellow band was to her wrist. It had her information on it. But I couldn't call her family without my phone. So I gave her my jacket and took her to the nearest police station. I waited with her until she was taken home by a . Mum: Oh, what a night! I'm sorry for being with you. But why didn't you phone me from the police station? I was so worried! Mum: Now I understand. I'm very of you. 二、音标听写(给出音标,写出单词) 音标 单词 / k nv se n/ / d s p nt d/ / t tju d/ / nt r pt/ /p li sw m n/ /k m pli tli/ / t a ldh d/ / t t / / eld li/ / pre / 三、词汇巩固 英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义) 英文 中文释义 pm promise tonight interrupt lamp blouse pale attach wrist policewoman elderly plot point lazy sofa term spend conversation disagreement attitude childhood peer pressure disappointed fail heartbreaking skiing completely upon clearly 四、词汇巩固 汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文单词) 中文释义 英文 下午(用于表示钟点的数字之后) 保证,承诺,诺言;许诺,保证,答应 (在)今晚 打断(……的)讲话;中断(……的)行动;打扰 灯 女士宽松短衫,女衬衫 苍白的 系;绑;贴 腕(关节) 女警察 年老的,渐老的(委婉用法) 情节 要点,重点;中心意思,主要含义;观点 懒洋洋的,慵懒的 长沙发 学期 花(时间) 谈话,交谈,会话 意见不合,分歧,争论 看法,态度 童年,儿童时代 同龄人 (工作或生活中的)压力 失望的,沮丧的 失败;未做到 使人心碎的 滑雪运动 完全地,全部地,彻底地 在……上面 清楚地,明白地 五、单词变形(用括号内单词的适当形式填空) 题号 题目 提示 1 The son was out of (breathe) after running home. breathe 的名词形式 2 He (promise) to be back before 9 tonight. promise 的过去式 3 A yellow band was (attachment) to her wrist. attachment 的动词形式 4 She was taken home by a (police) woman. police + woman 的合成词 5 Mum was (anger) at first, but proud of her son in the end. anger 的形容词形式 6 I have some (difficult) in learning maths. difficult 的名词复数 7 (lucky), he got home before dark. lucky 的副词形式 8 The film has a happy (end). end 的名词“结尾” 9 Back then, I was so (disappoint) at failing the test. disappoint 的形容词(人感到失望) 10 She spent half an hour (ski) with her friends. ski 的 -ing 形式 11 He (real) that his phone was at his friend's house. real 的动词“意识到”过去式 12 The old woman looked (palely) in the cold. pale 的原形作表语 六、重难点闯关 一般过去时被动语态填空实战 训练题 你的答案 A yellow band (attach) to her wrist. She (take) home by a policewoman. the classroom (clean) yesterday? Betty (not allow) to have a lazy day on the sofa. Sarah's birthday presents (hide) in their bedroom. The promise (not keep), so he couldn't stay out late next time. Connie's ability in swimming (notice) by the coach. The old woman (find) under a street lamp last night. 七、短语在句中(用本单元短语的适当形式填空) 语境句子 应填短语 After that I ran to my phone and came home. Mum was angry at first but was very proud her son in the end. back, I noticed an old woman under a street lamp. He promised to back before 9 tonight. a low voice, he told Mum the truth. A yellow band was attached her wrist. 八、短语归纳 英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义) 英文 中文释义 out of breath in a low voice a deal is a deal stay out late on one's way back be attached to pick up be cross with be proud of be taken home by turn down fall upon 九、短语归纳 汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文) 中文释义 英文 上气不接下气 低声地 一言为定;说到做到 在外面待到很晚 在某人回来的路上 系在……上;贴在……上 取回;拿起 生……的气 为……骄傲 被……送回家 拒绝 落在(某人)身上 十、金句积累 汉译英(将下列句子翻译成英语) 中文 英文 我答应过今晚9点前回来。 一言为定!这次失约了,下次你就不能在外面待到很晚。 我检查了一下,看到她的手腕上系着一条黄色的带子。 我和她一直在那儿等到一位女警察把她送回家。 对不起,我对你发脾气了。 现在我明白了。我为你感到骄傲。 十一、我的仿写(用本单元句型写 3 句) 仿写 我的句子(用本单元句型/词汇) 第1句 第2句 第3句 十二、分层闯关 基础关(12 词,人人过关) 中文释义 英文 今晚 灯 苍白的 腕(关节) 女警察 情节 要点,重点;观点 学期 花(时间) 童年,儿童时代 同龄人 (工作或生活中的)压力 十三、分层闯关 培优关(8 词,拔高挑战) 中文释义 英文 打断(讲话) 系;绑;贴 年老的,渐老的 看法,态度 失望的,沮丧的 完全地,彻底地 清楚地,明白地 谈话,交谈,会话 参考答案 一、语篇挖空 1. breath; 2. promise; 3. promised; 4. kept; 5. realised; 6. blouse; 7. pale; 8. attached; 9. policewoman; 10. cross; 11. proud 二、音标听写 / k nv se n/: conversation; / d s p nt d/: disappointed; / t tju d/: attitude; / nt r pt/: interrupt; /p li sw m n/: policewoman; /k m pli tli/: completely; / t a ldh d/: childhood; / t t /: attach; / eld li/: elderly; / pre /: pressure 三、词汇巩固 英译汉 pm: 下午(用于表示钟点的数字之后); promise: 保证,承诺,诺言;许诺,保证,答应; tonight: (在)今晚; interrupt: 打断(……的)讲话;中断(……的)行动;打扰; lamp: 灯; blouse: 女士宽松短衫,女衬衫; pale: 苍白的; attach: 系;绑;贴; wrist: 腕(关节); policewoman: 女警察; elderly: 年老的,渐老的(委婉用法); plot: 情节; point: 要点,重点;中心意思,主要含义;观点; lazy: 懒洋洋的,慵懒的; sofa: 长沙发; term: 学期; spend: 花(时间); conversation: 谈话,交谈,会话; disagreement: 意见不合,分歧,争论; attitude: 看法,态度; childhood: 童年,儿童时代; peer: 同龄人; pressure: (工作或生活中的)压力; disappointed: 失望的,沮丧的; fail: 失败;未做到; heartbreaking: 使人心碎的; skiing: 滑雪运动; completely: 完全地,全部地,彻底地; upon: 在……上面; clearly: 清楚地,明白地 四、词汇巩固 汉译英 下午(用于表示钟点的数字之后): pm; 保证,承诺,诺言;许诺,保证,答应: promise; (在)今晚: tonight; 打断(……的)讲话;中断(……的)行动;打扰: interrupt; 灯: lamp; 女士宽松短衫,女衬衫: blouse; 苍白的: pale; 系;绑;贴: attach; 腕(关节): wrist; 女警察: policewoman; 年老的,渐老的(委婉用法): elderly; 情节: plot; 要点,重点;中心意思,主要含义;观点: point; 懒洋洋的,慵懒的: lazy; 长沙发: sofa; 学期: term; 花(时间): spend; 谈话,交谈,会话: conversation; 意见不合,分歧,争论: disagreement; 看法,态度: attitude; 童年,儿童时代: childhood; 同龄人: peer; (工作或生活中的)压力: pressure; 失望的,沮丧的: disappointed; 失败;未做到: fail; 使人心碎的: heartbreaking; 滑雪运动: skiing; 完全地,全部地,彻底地: completely; 在……上面: upon; 清楚地,明白地: clearly 五、单词变形 1. breath; 2. promised; 3. attached; 4. policewoman; 5. angry; 6. difficulties; 7. Luckily; 8. ending; 9. disappointed; 10. skiing; 11. realised; 12. pale 六、重难点闯关 一般过去时被动语态填空实战 训练题 参考答案 A yellow band (attach) to her wrist. was attached She (take) home by a policewoman. was taken the classroom (clean) yesterday? Was; cleaned Betty (not allow) to have a lazy day on the sofa. wasn't allowed Sarah's birthday presents (hide) in their bedroom. were hidden The promise (not keep), so he couldn't stay out late next time. wasn't kept Connie's ability in swimming (notice) by the coach. was noticed The old woman (find) under a street lamp last night. was found 七、短语在句中 1. pick up; 2. of; 3. On my way; 4. be; 5. In; 6. to 八、短语归纳 英译汉 out of breath: 上气不接下气; in a low voice: 低声地; a deal is a deal: 一言为定;说到做到; stay out late: 在外面待到很晚; on one's way back: 在某人回来的路上; be attached to: 系在……上;贴在……上; pick up: 取回;拿起; be cross with: 生……的气; be proud of: 为……骄傲; be taken home by: 被……送回家; turn down: 拒绝; fall upon: 落在(某人)身上 九、短语归纳 汉译英 上气不接下气: out of breath; 低声地: in a low voice; 一言为定;说到做到: a deal is a deal; 在外面待到很晚: stay out late; 在某人回来的路上: on one's way back; 系在……上;贴在……上: be attached to; 取回;拿起: pick up; 生……的气: be cross with; 为……骄傲: be proud of; 被……送回家: be taken home by; 拒绝: turn down; 落在(某人)身上: fall upon 十、金句积累 汉译英 1. I promised to be back before 9 tonight. 2. A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time. 3. I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist. 4. I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 5. I'm sorry for being cross with you. 6. Now I understand. I'm very proud of you. 十一、我的仿写 (开放性仿写题,用本单元重点句型造句,无固定答案,供课堂互评。) 十二、分层闯关 基础关(12 词,人人过关) 今晚: tonight; 灯: lamp; 苍白的: pale; 腕(关节): wrist; 女警察: policewoman; 情节: plot; 要点,重点;观点: point; 学期: term; 花(时间): spend; 童年,儿童时代: childhood; 同龄人: peer; (工作或生活中的)压力: pressure 十三、分层闯关 培优关(8 词,拔高挑战) 打断(讲话): interrupt; 系;绑;贴: attach; 年老的,渐老的: elderly; 看法,态度: attitude; 失望的,沮丧的: disappointed; 完全地,彻底地: completely; 清楚地,明白地: clearly; 谈话,交谈,会话: conversation 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $