摘要:
**基本信息**
该专项以“Career talks”为主题,通过“背诵-默写-应用”逻辑链系统整合教材原文、词汇短语与语法突破,提炼被动语态等核心方法,分层训练适配不同学生语言能力发展需求,强化中考考点链接。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|重难点突破(被动语态)|语法要点5点+中考易错2组|被动语态结构/易错点总结|从语法概念到中考应用|
|学习锦囊|记忆口诀2则+语音聚焦4组|音标规则+中考考点链接|从语音规则到记忆强化|
|分层闯关|基础12词+培优8词|分层达标策略|从基础词汇到拔高拓展|
内容正文:
Unit 1 Career talks
音标听写 · 分层默写通关卡
2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级下册
【本品特色】 出版社官方音标直采 · 基础+培优双栏分层 · 易错音标·中考·口诀锦囊
【教材版本】外研版(三年级起点)·《义务教育教科书·英语》八年级下册 Unit 1 Career talks,依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》编写。本讲义词汇与短语直采本单元课文与课本附录 Words and expressions 词汇总表(音标采用教材标注的英式发音);句型语法与金句依据单元语法聚焦整理,例句与练习为原创设计,供课堂默写与自测使用。
第一部分 背诵部分(先看先记)
一、课文原文(逐字背诵)
Hello, everyone. It's so nice to see you on my last day at work. The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
I still remember my first summer as a "spiderman". It was a day much hotter than today! I was wet all over. Drops of sweat fell in my eyes. When I opened them, I saw a kind woman smiling brightly at me. She opened the window and handed me a piece of juicy watermelon. That was the sweetest watermelon of my life.
I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. There was this sweet newborn baby. I watched her grow bit by bit. She was always excited when I appeared outside her window. She laughed as her cat tried to "catch" my brush. Later, she drew a picture of me and showed it to me! Happiness passed through the glass and into my heart. One day, her mother held up a note for me: the family was moving. I felt sad, but also happy that we were once friends.
Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but I'll never regret it. I have met a lot of kind people and been part of many warm stories. I found a sense of achievement in my job.
Today I am saying goodbye to my job as a "spiderman". And you are going to start your days up in the air. The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too. Best wishes to you all!
二、重点词汇
英文
音标
词性
中文释义
spiderman
/ˈspaɪdəˌmæn/
n.
“蜘蛛人”(高空作业工)
wet
/wet/
adj.
湿的,潮的,潮湿的
drop
/drɒp/
n.
(液体的)滴
sweat
/swet/
n.
汗,汗水
watermelon
/ˈwɔːtəˌmelən/
n.
西瓜
remind
/rɪˈmaɪnd/
v.
使想起
newborn
/ˈnjuːbɔːn/
adj.
新生的
brush
/brʌʃ/
n.
刷子,毛刷
speech
/spiːtʃ/
n.
演说,演讲
challenging
/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/
adj.
富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的
context
/ˈkɒntekst/
n.
上下文,语境
company
/ˈkʌmpəni/
n.
公司
interview
/ˈɪntəvjuː/
n.
面试;面谈
communication
/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/
n.
信息交流;沟通
skill
/skɪl/
n.
技能,技巧,技艺
personality
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n.
个性,性格
require
/rɪˈkwaɪə/
v.
需要
organise
/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/
v.
组织,筹划,安排
leadership
/ˈliːdəʃɪp/
n.
领导才能,领导素质
career
/kəˈrɪə/
n.
职业,事业
cashier
/kæˈʃɪə/
n.
出纳员
necessary
/ˈnesəsəri/
adj.
必要的,必需的,必不可少的
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
v.
取代
pilot
/ˈpaɪlət/
n.
(飞机或宇宙飞船上的)驾驶员,飞行员
autopilot
/ˈɔːtəʊˌpaɪlət/
n.
(飞机上的)自动驾驶仪
tourism
/ˈtʊərɪzəm/
n.
旅游业,观光业
surely
/ˈʃʊəli/
adv.
确实地,无疑地
provide
/prəˈvaɪd/
v.
提供,供应,供给
low
/ləʊ/
adj.
(数量、水平或价值)少的,低的
beyond
/bɪˈjɒnd/
adv.
在更远处;往更远处
virtual
/ˈvɜːtʃuəl/
adj.
虚拟的,模拟的
reality
/riˈæləti/
n.
真实;现实
fashionable
/ˈfæʃnəbl/
adj.
时髦的,流行的
market
/ˈmɑːkɪt/
n.
市场
三、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
say goodbye to
向……告别
be filled with
充满……
bit by bit
一点一点地;逐渐地
be reminded of
想起……;被唤起对……的回忆
a sense of achievement
成就感
be considered ...
被认为……
in the near future
在不久的将来
be replaced by
被……取代
pay on one's own
自行支付
with the development of
随着……的发展
at a lower cost
以更低的成本
lead ... to ...
带领……去……
spring up
涌现;出现
make a difference
产生影响;发挥作用
四、重点句型/语法
句型/语法点
中文说明
例句
一般现在时的被动语态(Passive in the simple present)
结构:am / is / are + 动词过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者),表示现在发生的动作是谁“承受”的。
I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass.
一般将来时的被动语态(Passive in the simple future)
结构:will be + 动词过去分词 或 be going to be + 动词过去分词,表示将来发生的动作是谁“承受”的。
All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
be filled with
意为“充满……”,主语是“被填满”的一方,故用被动形式 were filled with。
The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys.
a sense of achievement
意为“成就感”,a sense of + 抽象名词还可构成 a sense of humour(幽默感)等。
I found a sense of achievement in my job.
五、重难点突破(被动语态(1):一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态)
◆ 语法要点速记
要点
说明
例句
① 何时用被动语态
想强调动作的承受者而非执行者时用被动语态。对比:Children love this book.(孩子们喜爱这本书,侧重谁“爱”)→ This book is loved by children.(这本书为孩子们所喜爱,侧重书“被爱”)。两个句组均出自教材附录 Guide to the language use。
② 一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + am / is / are + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者);否定句:am / is / are + not + 过去分词;一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 过去分词;特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 过去分词。例:This camera is not made in Japan. 这部相机不是日本制造的。
③ 一般将来时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + will / be (am / is / are) going to + be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)。例:The result will be put up on the school website. 结果将公布在学校的网站上。Will cashiers be replaced by machines in the future? 收银员在未来会被机器取代吗?The decision is going to be announced soon. 决定将很快公布。
④ 过去分词怎么构成
规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同:fill→filled, consider→considered, replace→replaced, provide→provided, remind→reminded;不规则动词需单独记忆:keep→kept。
⑤ 本单元易错点
1) 漏掉 be 动词:❌ The book loved by children. → is loved;2) will 后忘记 be:❌ will kept → will be kept;3) be going to 结构中 be 忘记随主语变化:❌ The decision are going to be announced → is going to be announced;4) 不规则过去分词写错:❌ keeped → kept。
◆ 易混辨析(中考易错)
词 A / 释义
词 B / 释义
辨析与例句
job
n. 工作,职业(可数,指具体的一份工作):a good job, try 20 jobs
work
n. 工作(不可数);v. 工作:go to work, work hard
I found a sense of achievement in my job.(具体职业用 job);Many people will work in virtual reality.(抽象意义的工作用 work)
reality
n. 真实;现实(in reality 实际上)
virtual
adj. 虚拟的,模拟的
People will work and play in virtual reality. 人们将在虚拟现实中工作和娱乐。(virtual + reality 构成固定搭配“虚拟现实”)
◆ 语音聚焦(锚定本单元辅音)
音标
说明与语篇例词
/sk/
skill /skɪl/ 技能;skirt /skɜːt/ 裙子;sky /skaɪ/ 天空——/s/ 后的 /k/ 不送气
/sm/
smart /smɑːt/ 聪明的;smoke /sməʊk/ 烟;small /smɔːl/ 小的
/sp/
special /ˈspeʃl/ 特别的;speak /spiːk/ 说;spring /sprɪŋ/ 春天——/s/ 后的 /p/ 不送气
/st/
story /ˈstɔːri/ 故事;student /ˈstjuːdnt/ 学生;still /stɪl/ 仍然——/s/ 后的 /t/ 不送气
六、学习锦囊(易错音标 · 中考链接 · 记忆口诀)
学习锦囊(易错 · 中考 · 口诀)
易错音标
surely /ˈʃʊəli/ 开头是 /ʃ/ 而非 /s/,勿读成 /ˈsuːli/;skill /skɪl/、speech /spiːtʃ/ 中 /s/ 后的 /k/ /p/ 不送气,听起来接近 /sg/ /sb/——这正是本单元语音聚焦 /sk/ /sm/ /sp/ /st/ 辅音连缀的共同特点。
中考链接
被动语态是中考单选与语篇填空高频考点:一般现在时用 am / is / are + done,一般将来时用 will be done 或 be going to be done。判断关键是看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者,如 The result will be put up on the school website.(结果“被公布”)。
记忆口诀
被动语态口诀:谁做动作用主动,谁挨动作用被动;be 后分词不能忘,时态人称看主语。记职业词家族:job(可数的一份工作)→ career(一生的事业)→ work(不可数的工作)。
第二部分 默写部分(掩卷自测)
一、语篇挖空(根据课文原文填空,每空一词)
Hello, everyone. It's so nice to see you on my last day at work. The past 30 years were ______ with both challenges and joys. All my days up high in the air will be ______ in my memory.
I still remember my first summer as a "______". It was a day much hotter than today! I was ______ all over. Drops of ______ fell in my eyes. When I opened them, I saw a kind woman smiling brightly at me. She opened the window and handed me a piece of juicy ______. That was the sweetest watermelon of my life.
I'm ______ of some other friends I met through the glass. There was this sweet ______ baby. She was always ______ when I appeared outside her window. She laughed as her cat tried to "catch" my ______.
Window cleaning is not always ______ a good job, but I'll never regret it. I have met a lot of kind people and been part of many warm stories. I found a sense of ______ in my job.
Today I am saying goodbye to my job as a "spiderman". And you are going to start your days up in the air. The city shines ______ because of us, and the job will make us ______, too. Best wishes to you all!
二、音标听写(给出音标,写出单词)
音标
单词
/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/
/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
/ˈnesəsəri/
/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/
/ˌliːdəʃɪp/
/kəˈrɪə/
/prəˈvaɪd/
/rɪˈpleɪs/
/ˈpaɪlət/
三、词汇巩固·英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义)
英文
中文释义
spiderman
wet
drop
sweat
watermelon
remind
newborn
brush
speech
challenging
context
company
interview
communication
skill
personality
require
organise
leadership
career
cashier
necessary
replace
pilot
autopilot
tourism
surely
provide
low
beyond
virtual
reality
fashionable
market
四、词汇巩固·汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文单词)
中文释义
英文
“蜘蛛人”(高空作业工)
湿的,潮的,潮湿的
(液体的)滴
汗,汗水
西瓜
使想起
新生的
刷子,毛刷
演说,演讲
富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的
上下文,语境
公司
面试;面谈
信息交流;沟通
技能,技巧,技艺
个性,性格
需要
组织,筹划,安排
领导才能,领导素质
职业,事业
出纳员
必要的,必需的,必不可少的
取代
(飞机或宇宙飞船上的)驾驶员,飞行员
(飞机上的)自动驾驶仪
旅游业,观光业
确实地,无疑地
提供,供应,供给
(数量、水平或价值)少的,低的
在更远处;往更远处
虚拟的,模拟的
真实;现实
时髦的,流行的
市场
五、单词变形(用括号内单词的适当形式填空)
题号
题目
提示
1
Window cleaning is a ______ (challenge) job, but Robert never regrets it.
challenge 的形容词形式
2
Good ______ (communicate) skills are necessary in every job.
communicate 的名词形式
3
The company will ______ (organisation) a job interview next month.
organisation 的动词形式
4
With the ______ (develop) of new technology, some traditional jobs may disappear.
develop 的名词形式
5
A good ______ (lead) should have strong leadership skills.
lead 的名词“领导者”
6
Space ______ (tour) began in 2001.
tour 的名词“旅游业”
7
People will need cool and ______ (fashion) clothes in virtual reality.
fashion 的形容词形式
8
In the future, travelling to space will ______ (sure) be provided at a lower cost.
sure 的副词形式
9
It is ______ (necessity) for students to learn new skills.
necessity 的形容词形式
10
Machines may ______ (replacement) cashiers in supermarkets.
replacement 的动词形式
11
His hands were ______ (sweat) after a day of hard work.
sweat 的形容词形式
12
She handed him a piece of ______ (juice) watermelon.
juice 的形容词形式
六、重难点闯关·被动语态填空实战
训练题
你的答案
This book ______ (love) by children.
Computers ______ (use) every day.
The result ______ (put) up on the school website tomorrow.
______ cashiers ______ (replace) by machines in the future?
The decision ______ (announce) soon.
Space tour guides ______ (need) to lead people to the moon and beyond in the future.
VR fashion designers ______ (need) greatly in the future!
All my days up high in the air ______ (keep) in my memory.
七、短语在句中(用本单元短语的适当形式填空)
语境句子
应填短语
The past 30 years were ______ both challenges and joys.
Today Robert is saying ______ to his job as a "spiderman".
I found a ______ in my job and never regretted it.
Cashiers may soon be ______ machines in the near future.
______ new technology, there might be no need for human pilots.
People can pay on ______ in shops and supermarkets.
八、短语归纳·英译汉(根据英文写出中文释义)
英文
中文释义
say goodbye to
be filled with
bit by bit
be reminded of
a sense of achievement
be considered ...
in the near future
be replaced by
pay on one's own
with the development of
at a lower cost
lead ... to ...
spring up
make a difference
九、短语归纳·汉译英(根据中文释义写出英文)
中文释义
英文
向……告别
充满……
一点一点地;逐渐地
想起……;被唤起对……的回忆
成就感
被认为……
在不久的将来
被……取代
自行支付
随着……的发展
以更低的成本
带领……去……
涌现;出现
产生影响;发挥作用
十、金句积累·汉译英(将下列句子翻译成英语)
中文
英文
过去30年充满了挑战与欢乐。
我在高空的所有日子都将珍藏在我的记忆里。
幸福穿过玻璃,走进了我的心里。
擦窗这份工作并不总被认为是一份好工作,但我永不后悔。
城市因为我们而更加闪亮,这份工作也会让我们闪闪发光。
在未来,太空旅行肯定会以更低的成本被提供。
十一、我的仿写(用本单元句型写 3 句)
仿写
我的句子(用本单元句型/词汇)
第1句
________________________
第2句
________________________
第3句
________________________
十二、分层闯关·基础关(12 词,人人过关)
中文释义
英文
湿的,潮的,潮湿的
汗,汗水
西瓜
使想起
刷子,毛刷
演说,演讲
公司
面试;面谈
技能,技巧,技艺
个性,性格
职业,事业
市场
十三、分层闯关·培优关(8 词,拔高挑战)
中文释义
英文
富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的
上下文,语境
信息交流;沟通
领导才能,领导素质
出纳员
取代
提供,供应,供给
虚拟的,模拟的
参考答案
一、语篇挖空
1. filled; 2. kept; 3. spiderman; 4. wet; 5. sweat; 6. watermelon; 7. reminded; 8. newborn; 9. excited; 10. brush; 11. considered; 12. achievement; 13. brighter; 14. shine
二、音标听写
/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/: challenging; /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/: communication; /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/: personality; /ˈnesəsəri/: necessary; /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/: organise; /ˌliːdəʃɪp/: leadership; /kəˈrɪə/: career; /prəˈvaɪd/: provide; /rɪˈpleɪs/: replace; /ˈpaɪlət/: pilot
三、词汇巩固·英译汉
spiderman: “蜘蛛人”(高空作业工); wet: 湿的,潮的,潮湿的; drop: (液体的)滴; sweat: 汗,汗水; watermelon: 西瓜; remind: 使想起; newborn: 新生的; brush: 刷子,毛刷; speech: 演说,演讲; challenging: 富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的; context: 上下文,语境; company: 公司; interview: 面试;面谈; communication: 信息交流;沟通; skill: 技能,技巧,技艺; personality: 个性,性格; require: 需要; organise: 组织,筹划,安排; leadership: 领导才能,领导素质; career: 职业,事业; cashier: 出纳员; necessary: 必要的,必需的,必不可少的; replace: 取代; pilot: (飞机或宇宙飞船上的)驾驶员,飞行员; autopilot: (飞机上的)自动驾驶仪; tourism: 旅游业,观光业; surely: 确实地,无疑地; provide: 提供,供应,供给; low: (数量、水平或价值)少的,低的; beyond: 在更远处;往更远处; virtual: 虚拟的,模拟的; reality: 真实;现实; fashionable: 时髦的,流行的; market: 市场
四、词汇巩固·汉译英
“蜘蛛人”(高空作业工): spiderman; 湿的,潮的,潮湿的: wet; (液体的)滴: drop; 汗,汗水: sweat; 西瓜: watermelon; 使想起: remind; 新生的: newborn; 刷子,毛刷: brush; 演说,演讲: speech; 富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的: challenging; 上下文,语境: context; 公司: company; 面试;面谈: interview; 信息交流;沟通: communication; 技能,技巧,技艺: skill; 个性,性格: personality; 需要: require; 组织,筹划,安排: organise; 领导才能,领导素质: leadership; 职业,事业: career; 出纳员: cashier; 必要的,必需的,必不可少的: necessary; 取代: replace; (飞机或宇宙飞船上的)驾驶员,飞行员: pilot; (飞机上的)自动驾驶仪: autopilot; 旅游业,观光业: tourism; 确实地,无疑地: surely; 提供,供应,供给: provide; (数量、水平或价值)少的,低的: low; 在更远处;往更远处: beyond; 虚拟的,模拟的: virtual; 真实;现实: reality; 时髦的,流行的: fashionable; 市场: market
五、单词变形
1. challenging; 2. communication; 3. organise; 4. development; 5. leader; 6. tourism; 7. fashionable; 8. surely; 9. necessary; 10. replace; 11. sweaty; 12. juicy
六、重难点闯关·被动语态填空实战
训练题
参考答案
This book ______ (love) by children.
is loved
Computers ______ (use) every day.
are used
The result ______ (put) up on the school website tomorrow.
will be put
______ cashiers ______ (replace) by machines in the future?
Will; be replaced
The decision ______ (announce) soon.
is going to be announced
Space tour guides ______ (need) to lead people to the moon and beyond in the future.
will be needed
VR fashion designers ______ (need) greatly in the future!
will be needed
All my days up high in the air ______ (keep) in my memory.
will be kept
七、短语在句中
1. filled with; 2. goodbye; 3. sense of achievement; 4. replaced by; 5. With the development of; 6. their own
八、短语归纳·英译汉
say goodbye to: 向……告别; be filled with: 充满……; bit by bit: 一点一点地;逐渐地; be reminded of: 想起……;被唤起对……的回忆; a sense of achievement: 成就感; be considered ...: 被认为……; in the near future: 在不久的将来; be replaced by: 被……取代; pay on one's own: 自行支付; with the development of: 随着……的发展; at a lower cost: 以更低的成本; lead ... to ...: 带领……去……; spring up: 涌现;出现; make a difference: 产生影响;发挥作用
九、短语归纳·汉译英
向……告别: say goodbye to; 充满……: be filled with; 一点一点地;逐渐地: bit by bit; 想起……;被唤起对……的回忆: be reminded of; 成就感: a sense of achievement; 被认为……: be considered ...; 在不久的将来: in the near future; 被……取代: be replaced by; 自行支付: pay on one's own; 随着……的发展: with the development of; 以更低的成本: at a lower cost; 带领……去……: lead ... to ...; 涌现;出现: spring up; 产生影响;发挥作用: make a difference
十、金句积累·汉译英
1. The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys.
2. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
3. Happiness passed through the glass and into my heart.
4. Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but I'll never regret it.
5. The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too.
6. In the future, travelling to space will surely be provided at a lower cost.
十一、我的仿写
(开放性仿写题,用本单元重点句型造句,无固定答案,供课堂互评。)
十二、分层闯关·基础关(12 词,人人过关)
湿的,潮的,潮湿的: wet; 汗,汗水: sweat; 西瓜: watermelon; 使想起: remind; 刷子,毛刷: brush; 演说,演讲: speech; 公司: company; 面试;面谈: interview; 技能,技巧,技艺: skill; 个性,性格: personality; 职业,事业: career; 市场: market
十三、分层闯关·培优关(8 词,拔高挑战)
富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的: challenging; 上下文,语境: context; 信息交流;沟通: communication; 领导才能,领导素质: leadership; 出纳员: cashier; 取代: replace; 提供,供应,供给: provide; 虚拟的,模拟的: virtual
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