摘要:
本讲义聚焦蒙内铁路主题的说明性短文阅读与语言运用,通过读前预测激活背景,读中数字双栏法对比旧(1901/10h)新(2017/480km/5–6h/2 million)铁路信息,理解“交通发展—民生改善—国际合作”主线,读后结合数字匹配、问答及讨论巩固,构建“预测—提取—应用”的学习支架,重点掌握benefit from、be happy with、be convenient (for sb) to do等结构。
资料以核心素养为导向,语言能力上通过阅读策略提升信息提取与表达,文化意识上借蒙内铁路体现国际合作培育人类命运共同体意识,思维品质上对比数据培养分析能力。课中数字双栏法助教师清晰授课,课后练习及易错提醒帮助学生查漏补缺,“总—分—总”讨论结构提升语言运用与逻辑思维。
内容正文:
Unit 1 The Changing World
Section B (1a–1f) · 蒙内铁路阅读与语言运用 (讲义 · 学生用)
课时基本信息
课题
Unit 1 The Changing World Section B(1a–1f)
课型
阅读·语言运用课(说明性短文与意义探究)
年级
九年级上册
课时
第 5 课时(对应教材 Section B 1a–1f)
教材
人教版(2024)九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World Section B(1a–1f),课本第 6–7 页
主题
蒙巴萨—内罗毕铁路(蒙内铁路);交通发展惠及民生; benefit from / be happy with / be convenient
教学重难点
重点
读懂介绍蒙内铁路的说明性短文,提取时间、里程、人数等关键信息,理解“交通发展—民生改善—国际合作”主线;
掌握 benefit from、be happy with、be convenient (for sb) to do 三个重点结构;
能运用比较/数据说明家乡或他乡的交通变化。
难点
阅读中长难句较多(built with China's help / It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money),需理清修饰关系;
benefit from 与 benefit(及物)易混;be convenient 主语通常是物,不用“人作主语 + convenient”;
用数据支撑观点时,易把 old(1901/10h) 与 new(2017/480km/5–6h/2 million) 两组信息张冠李戴。
突破策略
突破策略 ① 读前预测:看标题 On the Fast Track 与配图,预测“这是一条更快的铁路/发展故事”。
突破策略 ② 数据双栏法:左栏 old(1901 / 10 hours / rough roads),右栏 new(2017 / 480 km / 5–6 hours / 2 million),对比一目了然。
突破策略 ③ benefit from(从…受益)是固定搭配,后接名词/动名词;benefit 作及物时直接接宾语(benefit sb)。
突破策略 ④ be convenient 公式:It is convenient for sb to do sth(主语用 it,不用人)。
(一)Warm-up:你坐过火车吗?(课本 p.6)
看图思考并回答:你坐过火车吗?你的家乡有火车站吗?铁路给你的生活带来了哪些变化?(课本 p.6 导入)
图 1 导入:Did you take a train? Does your hometown have a train station?(课本 p.6)
A: Did you take a train? — Yes, I did. I took the high-speed train to Beijing last summer.
B: Does your hometown have a train station? — Yes, and the new line has made my trips much faster and cheaper.
【过渡语】用 take a train / train station / faster / cheaper 引入“铁路改变生活”主题,自然进入 1a–1f 蒙内铁路阅读。
(二)核心新词(课本 p.6–7)
熟读下列新词,注意音标与词性(课本 p.6–7 词汇表)。
核心词汇(一)
link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线;联系 v. 连接
port /pɔːt/ n. 港口
capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成;结束 adj. 完全的;彻底的
Kenyan /ˈkenjən/ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的;肯尼亚人的
convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的(以上均课本 p.6–7)
核心词汇(二)
business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意;商业
ease /iːz/ n. 容易;自在
lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. 卡车
manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理
comment /ˈkɒment/ n.&v. 评论;批评
conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结(以上均课本 p.6–7)
【提示框】with ease = 轻而易举地(ease 名词);make business deals = 做生意/谈成生意。link 作动词“连接”时等于 connect。
(三)读前 1a 与预测 1b(课本 p.6–7)
1a:你的家乡有铁路系统吗?它怎样惠及当地生活?1b:看标题与图片预测文章内容(课本 p.6–7)。
图 2 课本 1a:Does your hometown have a train system? How does it benefit local lives?(课本 p.6)
图 3 课本 1b:Look at the title and the picture. What is the text probably about?(课本 p.7)
预测技巧(Making predictions):标题 On the Fast Track 与配图(铁路/列车)暗示——这是一篇关于“一条更快的铁路及其影响”的说明性短文。
fast track 本义“快车道”,文中引申为“快速发展 / 快速进步”。
【知识点】读前预测能激活背景知识;读后回看预测是否准确,是说明文阅读的有效策略。
(四)阅读正文:On the Fast Track(课本 p.7)
阅读短文,完成数字匹配、问答与信息表(课本 p.7 活动 1c–1e)。
The only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened.
However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about five to six hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year.
Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease."
"The railway has also made the transport of food easier." It used to take hundreds of lorries to carry food between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains," said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat.
Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.
【过渡语】先抓时间线(1901 旧线 → 2017 新线),再抓“变化”关键词(cut travel time / benefited / convenient / fresh food),理解“交通—民生—合作”三层意义。
(五)语言点:benefit from(课本 p.7)
例句:Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.(肯尼亚当地人从新铁路中受益匪浅。)
benefit from sth / doing sth(不及物)意为“从……中受益”;
例:We will all benefit from the new subway in our city. 我们都将从我市新建的地铁中受益。
例:Students benefit from good learning habits. 学生得益于良好的学习习惯。
辨析:benefit 也可作及物(benefit sb 使某人受益),benefit from 必须用 from。
小试:1. We can ______ more good habits. A. benefit from B. benefit C. benefit in D. benefit at (答案:A)
2. You will benefit from ________ (practice) English more. (答案:practicing)
(六)语言点:be happy with(课本 p.7)
例句:I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends.
be happy with sth. 意为“对……感到满意”,相当于 be pleased with;
例:His parents are happy with his progress in his studies. 他父母对他在学习上的进步感到满意。
例:Everyone was happy with the result of the match. 每个人对比赛结果感到满意。
小试:1. She isn't happy ______ the new dress. A. with B. at C. for D. in (答案:A)
2. My mother ______ (be) happy with my behaviour just now. (答案:was)
(七)语言点:be convenient(课本 p.7)
例句:It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money.
be convenient for sth 对……来说方便;It's convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很方便(主语用 it,不用人);
例:It's convenient for us to take the subway to school. 对我们来说,乘地铁上学很方便。
例:The new bus stop is convenient for old people. 这个新公交站对老年人来说很方便。
【提示框】convenient 描述“事物”方便,不说 “I am convenient”。人作主语要用 It is convenient for me to ...。
小试:1. My neighbourhood is very ____ because it's near the shopping center. A. smart B. peaceful C. friendly D. convenient (答案:D)
2. It isn't convenient ______ him ______ get up so early. A. for; to B. to; for C. for; / D. of; to (答案:A)
(八)读后任务:数字匹配 · 问答 · 信息表(课本 p.7)
1. 数字匹配(连线):将年份/数据与其含义对应。
数字 / 数据
含义
2017
新铁路开通年份
1901
旧铁路线建成年份
480
蒙巴萨—内罗毕铁路长度(公里)
over 2 million
每年使用新列车的人数
10
过去乘火车从蒙巴萨到内罗毕所需小时数
about five to six
现在乘火车所需时间(小时)
2. 读后问答(要点):
① What type of writing is the text? — 一篇介绍铁路及其影响的说明性短文(兼有新闻报道色彩)。
② What was the problem with the old railway? — 很慢,需 10 小时;只有 1901 年的旧线与坑洼道路。
③ How have local Kenyans benefited? — 方便、便宜、准时、轻松做生意、食品运输更易、变得更富裕。
④ Why is easier food transport important? — 如今只需两三列火车运粮,民众有更新鲜的食物可吃。
⑤ What does "on the fast track" mean? — 快速发展 / 快速进步。
3. 信息表(旧线 vs 新线):
方面
旧铁路 (Old)
新铁路 (New)
建成
built in 1901
built with China's help (2017)
速度
very slow (10 hours)
very fast (5–6 hours)
惠及民生
—
happy / became rich; convenient; cheap; fresh food; countries work together
(九)1f 讨论:交通改变世界(课本 p.7)
小组讨论以下两个问题(课本 p.7 活动 1f)。
图 4 课本 1f:Discuss the questions(课本 p.7)
Q1: Have you seen or heard of any similar changes in the world over the last several years? Where were they and what happened?
Q2: In what other ways can China work together with other countries to build a better world?
参考:China has helped build railways / ports in many countries, bringing faster transport and more jobs to local people.
【答题技巧】讨论用“总—分—总”:先点明变化(A similar change is ...),再给事实(It has cut travel time / created jobs),最后说意义(It shows countries can work together)。
(十)核心词汇与句型(课本 p.6–7)
本课时重点词汇与表达,音标以课本新词表为标准,统一标注页码「课本 p.6–7」。
核心词汇
link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线;联系 port /pɔːt/ n. 港口 capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成 convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的
business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意 ease /iːz/ n. 容易 lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. 卡车
manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 comment /ˈkɒment/ n.&v. 评论 conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结(均课本 p.6–7)
【提示框】重点句型:Local Kenyans have benefited from the new railway. / I'm happy with ... / It's convenient for sb to do sth. / with ease(轻而易举地)。
(十一)随堂练习(课本 p.6–7 语言点)
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The new railway ______ (complete) in 2017.
2. Local Kenyans ______ (benefit) a lot from the new railway.
3. It used to ______ (take) hundreds of lorries to carry food.
4. I'm very happy ______ the new railway built by our friends. (with)
二、单项选择。
1. The new railway has cut the travel time ______ about five to six hours.
A. to B. for C. in D. at
2. People are happy ______ the changes in their town.
A. with B. at C. for D. on
3. It's convenient ______ us ______ take the train to school.
A. for; to B. to; for C. for; / D. of; to
4. We can all ______ from the new subway in our city.
A. benefit B. benefit from C. benefit in D. benefit at
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 肯尼亚当地人从新铁路中受益匪浅。
Local Kenyans ______ ______ ______ ______ the new railway.
2. 对我们来说乘地铁上学很方便。
______ ______ for us ______ ______ to school by subway.
四、数字匹配(连线)。
1. 2017 A. 旧铁路建成年份
2. 1901 B. 新铁路开通年份
3. 480 C. 新铁路长度(公里)
4. over 2 million D. 每年使用人数
参考答案
一、1. was completed 2. have benefited 3. take 4. with
二、1. A (cut ... to 缩减到) 2. A (be happy with) 3. A (It's convenient for sb to do) 4. B (benefit from)
三、1. have benefited a lot from 2. It's convenient; to take
四、1-B 2-A 3-C 4-D
【答题技巧】被动填空看时间(2017→was completed);benefit from 固定接 from;be convenient 主语用 it;数字题先分 old/new 两组再连线。
易错提醒
① benefit from 是固定搭配(from 不可省);benefit 作及物时直接接人/物(benefit sb),二者勿混。
② be happy with(对…满意)后接 with,不是 at / for。
③ convenient 描述事物,主语用 it:It is convenient for sb to do,不说 I am convenient。
④ 旧/新铁路数据易混:old=1901/10h/rough roads;new=2017/480km/5–6h/2 million。
⑤ with ease = 轻而易举地,ease 是名词,不与 easily(副词)混用。
答题技巧
① 说明文阅读先抓标题与图片预测,再按“时间线 + 变化词”提取信息。
② 数字匹配题把 old 与 new 各列一栏,避免张冠李戴。
③ 完成句子先定句型:benefit from / be happy with / It's convenient for sb to do。
④ 讨论用“变化 + 事实 + 意义”三步组织语言,条理更清晰。
语言点归纳
● benefit from sth / doing sth:从……中受益。
● be happy with sth:对……感到满意(= be pleased with)。
● It is convenient for sb to do sth:对某人来说做某事很方便。
● with ease:轻而易举地(= easily,但 ease 为名词)。
● 核心词:link, port, capital, complete, Kenyan, convenient, business, ease, lorry, manager, comment, conclusion。
课堂总结
本课时通过蒙内铁路短文,读懂“交通发展—民生改善—国际合作”三层意义,并用数据(1901/2017/480km/5–6h/2 million)支撑理解;
掌握 benefit from、be happy with、be convenient (for sb) to do 三个重点结构及 with ease 的用法;
通过数字匹配、问答、信息表与 1f 讨论,学会用对比与数据说明交通变化。
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