Unit 5 Nature's Temper重点知识清单2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper的核心内容，涵盖灾害天气、准备救援、事件影响等主题词汇，重点短语，句型用法，过去进行时语法及易错对照，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到易错辨析的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类、用法对比、语法分层等方式构建知识体系，如将词汇按“灾害与天气”“准备与救援”等主题归类，句型部分对比rise与raise的用法差异，语法模块详解过去进行时的构成与应用场景，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“词形变化表”和“易错对照”，如prepare—preparation的词形转换及heavy与heavily的词性辨析，帮助学生高效掌握要点，教师可据此优化教学策略，提升课堂实效。

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 重点知识清单 2026—2027学年 人教版八年级英语下册 一、重点词汇 1. 灾害与天气 earthquake n. 地震；typhoon n. 台风；wildfire n. 野火；snowstorm n. 雪暴；flood n. 洪水 drought n. 干旱；tsunami n. 海啸；tornado n. 龙卷风；landslide n. 滑坡；heatwave n. 热浪 wave n. 波浪；thunder n. 雷声；rainstorm n. 暴风雨；floodwater n. 洪水；temper n. 脾气 2. 准备与救援 warn v. 警告；supply n. 补给，v. 供应；preparation n. 准备；guard n. 保安，v. 保卫 rescue n. & v. 救援；firefighter n. 消防员；volunteer n. 志愿者，v. 自愿做；safeguard v. 保护 knowledge n. 知识；thinking n. 思考；hero n. 英雄；manpower n. 人力 3. 事件与影响 interview n. & v. 采访；report n. & v. 报道；trouble n. 困难；relative n. 亲戚；roof n. 屋顶 power n. 电力供应；truck n. 卡车；beat v. 敲打；hide v. 躲藏；refuse v. 拒绝；scream v. 尖叫 nearly adv. 几乎；thick adj. 浓密的；nearby adj. 附近的；soundly adv. 酣畅地 alarm n. 警报；review v. 复习；sudden adj. 突然的；usual adj. 通常的；unlucky adj. 不幸的 4. 常用词形 prepare—preparation；supply—supplies；hero—heroes；roof—roofs；relative—relatives safe—safety；sudden—suddenly；fortunate—unfortunately；thankful—thankfully beat—beat—beaten；hide—hid—hidden；hit—hit—hit；shake—shook—shaken；rise—rose—risen 二、重点短语 do chores 做家务；warn sb. about / of sth. 警告某人某事；in time 及时；slow down 减速 come off 脱落；pay attention to 注意；get into an accident 遭遇事故；make preparations 做准备 at the time of 在……的时候；all of a sudden 突然；take sb. by surprise 使某人措手不及 beat against 敲打；put out 扑灭；stay inside 待在室内；emergency supplies 应急物资 security guard 保安人员；jump into action 立即行动；as soon as 一……就……；make it to 到达 alarm clock 闹钟；go off 发出响声；by the time 到……的时候；out of breath 上气不接下气 as a result 因此；because of 因为；clear the streets 清理街道；keep ... safe 使……安全 三、重点词语与句型用法 1. warn 的常用结构 warn sb. about / of sth. 提醒某人注意某事；warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做/不要做某事。 The report warned people not to travel during the storm. 报道警告人们不要在暴风雨期间出行。 2. trouble 的用法 have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，in 可省略；have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难。 We had trouble getting home. 我们回家遇到了困难。不能写 have trouble to get home。 3. prepare 与 preparation prepare for sth. 为某事做准备；be prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备；make preparations for sth. 作准备。 We made preparations for the storm. 我们为暴风雨作了准备。preparation 在这一搭配中通常用复数。 4. rise 与 raise rise 表示事物自行上升，不接宾语；raise 表示把某物提高，后接宾语。 The water was rising. 水位正在上涨。He raised his hand. 他举起了手。rise—rose—risen；raise—raised—raised。 5. beat 与 hit beat 常指连续敲打；hit 常指碰撞或击中。过去式分别是 beat 与 hit，不能加 -ed。 The rain was beating against the window. 雨正打在窗户上。A truck hit the wall. 一辆卡车撞上了墙。 6. when、while 与 during when、while 是连词，后接句子；during 是介词，后接名词性短语。 during the storm 在暴风雨期间；while the storm was passing 暴风雨经过时。不写 during it was raining。 7. refuse 与 continue refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事；continue to do / doing sth. 继续做某事。 They refused to give up. 他们拒绝放弃。He continued walking. 他继续走。refuse 后不接 doing。 8. make it 与 safety make it 可表示“成功做到”；make it to + 地点 表示“成功到达”，home 前通常不加 to。 We made it to the hotel before dark. 我们在天黑前赶到了旅馆。bring sb. to safety 把某人带到安全处。 9. go off、go out 与 turn off go off 指闹钟、警报器等响起；go out 可指灯熄灭或供电中断；turn off 指人为关掉开关。 The alarm went off at six. 闹钟六点响了。The power went out. 停电了。Turn off the light. 关灯。 10. as a result 与 because of as a result 引出结果，常用逗号与后句隔开；because of 后接名词、代词或动词 -ing。 It rained hard. As a result, we stayed home. 雨下得很大，因此我们待在家里。 We stayed home because of the rain. 我们因为下雨待在家里。不能写 because of it rained。 四、重点语法 过去进行时 1. 意义与构成 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作：主语 + was / were + 动词 -ing。 I / he / she / it 等单数主语用 was；you / we / they 等用 were。 At eight last night, I was reading the weather report. 昨晚八点，我正在看天气预报。 2. 否定句与一般疑问句 否定在 was / were 后加 not：They weren't sleeping then. 那时他们没有在睡觉。 疑问把 was / were 提到主语前：Were they sleeping?——Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. 不能用 did 另构成 Did they were sleeping?；一个句子不要重复使用两套助动词结构。 3. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词 -ing?：What was she doing when the storm started? 回答：She was waiting for the bus. 她正在等公交车。回答的 be 与实际主语一致。 4. 持续动作中发生了短动作 过去进行时提供背景，另一个一般过去时动作在此期间发生。 I was reading when the lights went out. 我正在读书，这时灯灭了。 也可说 While I was reading, the lights went out. while 从句表示持续动作，went out 表示灯熄灭这一事件。 5. 两个动作同时进行 两个动作都持续进行时，可用 while 连接，两边都用过去进行时。 Mum was packing supplies while Dad was checking the windows. 妈妈在装物资，爸爸在检查窗户。 不要机械记成“while 前后必须都用进行时”；是否同时持续，要看两个动作的实际关系。 6. when 与 while 的选择 when 可以连接短暂或持续的动作；while 常连接持续的动作或状态。不是只看连词就能决定时态。 When the earthquake happened, she was doing her homework. 地震发生时，她正在做作业。 此处 happened 表示发生的那一刻，不宜把 when 换成 while 而其他内容不变。 7. 与一般过去时区别 I watched TV last night. 昨晚我看了电视。陈述过去做过的事。 I was watching TV at nine last night. 昨晚九点我正在看电视。强调过去特定时刻的进行状态。 五、易错对照 It was raining heavily. 表示正在下大雨；The rain was heavy. 描述雨势。heavy 与 heavily 的词性不同。 过去进行时中并列动作要一致：They were shouting and running. 不能写 were shouting and ran 表示同时进行。 先判断时间，再判断动作是否正在进行：now 对应 is / are doing；at that time 常对应 was / were doing。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $