Unit 1 The Changing World 语法 (一般过去时 vs 现在完成时，used to do vs be used to doing）导学案 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案以人教版九年级上Unit 1 “The Changing World”为主题，聚焦一般过去时与现在完成时、used to结构等核心语法，通过“语法精讲-专项练习-综合应用”的递进式设计，结合对比表格构建知识框架，任务间紧密关联，形成从基础到综合的完整学习路径。 亮点在于主题探究与语言能力培养的融合，如阅读理解通过雅万高铁案例渗透文化意识，书面表达“Changes in My Life”要求运用目标语法描述生活变化，提升思维品质。练习附详细解析，为教师单元复习提供清晰指导，有效支持学生深度学习与能力发展。

一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 人教版九年级上Unit 1 The Changing World 第一部分 核心语法精讲与练习 一、一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 1. 概念对比 时态 核心含义 时间标志词 教材例句 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态,与现在没有联系。 yesterday, last week, in 2017, ago, when I was young He became a good friend about 20 years ago. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响;或从过去持续到现在的动作/ 状态。 already, yet, since, for, ever, never, so far, in the lastyears Our village has just built a new hospital. 易错提醒:① 现在完成时不能与表示过去的具体时间短语连用(如 yesterday, in 2017, two days ago)。② 现在完成时常与 just, already, yet 搭配:just/already 用于肯定句,yet 用于否定句和疑问句(通常放句末)。 2. 语法练习 A — 选择正确的时态填空:用括号内动词的正确形式填空(一般过去时或现在完成时)。 1. A: you (visit) the new museum yet? B: Yes, I (go) there last Sunday with my classmates. 2. Great changes (take) place in my hometown since I (be) a child. 3. The old man (live) in this village all his life. He (move) here in 1962. 4. A: Where is Li Hua? B: He (go) to the library. He (leave) ten minutes ago. 5. My grandfather (not see) my cousin for two years. He (miss) him very much. 二、used to do vs be used to doing 1. 用法对比 结构 含义 例句 used to do 过去常常做某事(现在不做了) I used to walk to school. (现在不走了) be used to doing 习惯于做某事(to 是介词,后接动名词) I am used to taking the bus now. (现在已经习惯) be used to do 被用来做某事(被动语态) The knife is used to cut bread. 口诀:used to do 表过去,be used to doing 表习惯,be used to do 表被动。 2. 语法练习 B — used to 综合练习 用 used to do, be used to doing 或 be used to do 的适当形式填空。 1. My grandmother (get) up at 5 a.m., but now she sleeps until 8 o'clock. 2. Are you (live) in a big city? You seem so comfortable here. 3. This knife (cut) bread. Please be careful. 4. your father (smoke)? — Yes, but he gave it up three years ago. 5. I (not / like) math, but now it's my favourite subject. 6. She (drink) coffee every morning, so she feels sleepy without it now. 7. We (walk) a long way to school in the past, but now we (take) the school bus. 8. Wood (make) paper in this factory. 9. Tom (get) up early, but now he (get) up late on weekends. 10. My eyes (read) on screens for a long time, so I don't feel tired. 三、综合语法练习 C — 语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My hometown is a small village in Guizhou. In the past, it 1. (be) very difficult to travel around. There used to 2. (be) no bridges, and most roads were just dirt tracks. My father 3. (tell) me that he 4. (walk) five kilometers to school every day when he was young. However, great changes 5. (take) place in recent years. The government 6. (build) thousands of kilometers of highways. A journey that used to 7. (take) a whole day now takes only a few hours. Many young people who 8. (leave) for big cities in the past 9. (come) back to start businesses. Our village 10. (become) a tourist attraction. 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 — A New Railway Changes Indonesia The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway is the first high-speed railway in Southeast Asia. It opened in October 2023. The railway connects Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, and Bandung, a large city 142 kilometres away. Before the new railway opened, the train journey between the two cities used to take more than three hours. Now, the high-speed train can finish the same journey in only 40 minutes. The highest speed is 350 kilometres per hour. More than 20,000 people travel on it every day. The railway has brought many changes to local people. First, it has created thousands of new jobs. Many young people have found work at the stations, in the restaurants, and in the hotels along the line. Second, more tourists now visit Bandung because the trip is so fast and easy. Small business owners are very happy. "I used to sell only a few cups of coffee a day," said Mr Adi, a shop owner near the station. "Now I sell hundreds of cups. My business has improved a lot." Third, the areas around the railway stations have changed quickly. New buildings, shops, and parks have appeared. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway was built with China's help. It shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. As one passenger said, "This train has changed my life. I can now live in Bandung and work in Jakarta. It saves me so much time." 1. When did the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway open? A. In 2017. B. In 2020. C. In 2023. D. In 2026. 2. How long did the train journey from Jakarta to Bandung use to take? A. About 40 minutes. B. About one hour. C. More than three hours. D. More than ten hours. 3. What does Mr Adi do? A. He is a train driver. B. He is a shop owner. C. He is a government worker. D. He is a hotel manager. 4. Which of the following is NOT a change brought by the railway? A. More jobs for local people. B. More tourists visiting Bandung. C. New buildings around the stations. D. Fewer trains between the two cities. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of Indonesia B. A New Railway Changes Indonesia C. How to Build a High-Speed Railway D. Life in Jakarta and Bandung B. 任务型完形填空 — Changes in My Hometown 请从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。(每词限用一次) one subway find hungry safely happy order technology when you Dear Peter, How's everything going? I'm in Shenzhen, China right now. Although I have learned something about China before, it is my 1. time here. What I have experienced changed my opinion about China. One morning, I planned to go to a park by 2.. When I walked into the station, I was surprised 3. it was so clean and modern. In the park, I saw many people doing Taichi, jogging and dancing 4.. Everyone was enjoying themselves. At noon, I felt tired and 5.. So I 6. food online. You know what? It was a drone (无人机) that delivered my lunch! High 7. has already been a part of Chinese daily life. In the afternoon, I rode a shared electric scooter around the city. However, 8. I was going to pay, I found I had left my bag on the scooter. So I went back to look for it at once. It was still there! That's amazing! Believe me, there is no place 9. and more convenient than China. It is the best choice for 10. next trip. Yours, Tom C. 词汇考查:用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Don't (stand) against the door in the lift. 2. Doctors say we should drink enough (water) every day. 3. Today is my (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 4. His cousin keeps on painting in order to become an (art). 5. Lanzhou (receive) a large number of visitors every year. 6. I am 15 years old and I'm able to look after (I) well. 7. Look, the kids are (jump) rope in the sports field. 8. Please check your paper (careful) after finishing it. 9. The sweet memories in junior high school will be (remember) forever. 10. Keep studying hard in the future because (learn) is a lifelong journey. 三、书面表达 题目:请以 Changes in My Life 为题,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。 要点提示: 1. 介绍你生活中发生的一两项变化(如居住环境、学习方式、家乡面貌等); 2. 用一般过去时、现在完成时和 used to 描述这些变化; 3. 谈谈你对这些变化的感受,并以"One thing that stays the same is"结尾。 参考范文框架: My life has changed a lot since I entered junior high school. I used to Now I have Although many things have changed, one thing that stays the same is 参考词汇:used to, since, already, change, improve, proud of, although 参考答案与解析 第一部分 语法练习 A 1. Have; visited; went【解析】第一空:yet 是现在完成时的标志词,用于疑问句,故用 Havevisited。第二空:last Sunday 是具体的过去时间,只能用一般过去时 went。 2. have taken; was【解析】since I was a child 表示"自从我小时候起",主句用现在完成时 have taken;since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时 was。 3. has lived; moved【解析】all his life 表示"一生",是从过去持续到现在的时间段,用现在完成时 has lived;in 1962 是具体过去时间,用一般过去时 moved。 4. has gone; left【解析】has gone to 表示"去了某地(现在还没回来)",强调对现在的影响——人现在不在这里;ten minutes ago 是具体过去时间,用一般过去时 left。 5. hasn't seen; misses【解析】for two years 表示持续两年,用现在完成时 hasn't seen;后句描述现在的状态,用一般现在时 misses。 语法练习 B 1. used to get【解析】句中 but now 表示转折,说明"过去常常5点起床,现在睡到8点",用 used to do 表示过去常常做某事(现在不做了)。 2. used to living【解析】句意为"你习惯住在大城市了吗?"be used to doing 表示"习惯于做某事",to 是介词,后接动名词 living。 3. is used to cut【解析】句意为"这把刀被用来切面包",be used to do 是被动语态结构,表示"被用来做某事"。 4. Did; use to smoke【解析】答句"但他三年前戒了"说明问的是"过去是否常常吸烟",used to 的一般疑问句用 Diduse to结构。 5. didn't use to like【解析】but now 表示转折,说明"过去不喜欢数学,现在是最喜欢的科目",used to 的否定式为 didn't use to。 6. is used to drinking【解析】后半句"所以不喝就犯困"说明"她已经习惯每天早上喝咖啡了",be used to doing 表示"习惯于做某事"。 7. used to walk; are used to taking【解析】前半句 in the past 提示用 used to walk(过去常常走路上学);后半句 but now 提示用 are used to taking(现在习惯于坐校车)。 8. is used to make【解析】句意为"木头在这个工厂被用来造纸",be used to do 表示"被用来做某事",是被动语态。 9. used to get; is used to getting【解析】前半句 but now 提示过去与现在的对比,用 used to get(过去常常早起);后半句说明现在习惯周末晚起,用 is used to getting。 10. are used to reading【解析】后半句"所以我不觉得累"说明"我的眼睛已经习惯长时间看屏幕了",be used to doing 表示"习惯于做某事"。 综合语法练习 C 1. was【解析】In the past 表示过去的时间,用一般过去时,主语 it 为第三人称单数,故填 was。 2. be【解析】used to 后接动词原形,表示"过去常常/过去有",故填 be。 3. told【解析】父亲"告诉"我这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时 told。 4. walked【解析】when he was young 表示过去的具体时间,用一般过去时 walked。 5. have taken【解析】in recent years 是现在完成时的标志词,表示"近年来",故填 have taken。 6. has built【解析】政府修建高速公路是从过去开始并持续到现在对家乡产生影响的动作,用现在完成时 has built。 7. take【解析】used to 后接动词原形,表示"过去常常花费一整天",故填 take。 8. left【解析】in the past 表示过去的时间,定语从句中 who 指代 young people,用一般过去时 left。 9. have come【解析】"过去离开去大城市的人现在已经回来了",强调过去动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时 have come。 10. has become【解析】村庄"已经成为"旅游景点,强调过去变化对现在的结果,用现在完成时 has become。 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"It opened in October 2023."可知,雅万高铁于2023年开通,故选C。 2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Before the new railway opened, the train journeyused to take more than three hours."可知,过去需要三个多小时,故选C。 3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中"said Mr Adi, a shop owner near the station"可知,Mr Adi 是一位商店老板,故选B。 4. D【解析】推理判断题。A、B、C三项在第三段均有提及(new jobs, more tourists, new buildings),而D项"两城之间火车变少了"文中未提及,且与事实相反——高铁开通后出行更便利,故选D。 5. B【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕雅万高铁给印尼带来的变化展开,B项"一条新铁路改变了印尼"最能概括主旨,故选B。 B. 任务型完形填空 1. first【解析】it is one's first time here 表示"这是某人第一次来这里",one 的序数词形式为 first。 2. subway【解析】by subway 表示"乘地铁",根据下文 walked into the station 可知是乘坐地铁出行。 3. to find【解析】be surprised to do sth. 是固定搭配,表示"惊讶地做某事",故填 to find。 4. happily【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词 dancing,happy 的副词形式为 happily。 5. hungry【解析】根据 At noon 和 tired 可知,中午感到又累又饿,故填 hungry。 6. ordered【解析】order food online 表示"在网上订餐",全文时态为一般过去时,故填 ordered。 7. technology【解析】无人机送餐属于高科技,high technology 表示"高科技",故填 technology。 8. when【解析】when 引导时间状语从句,表示"当我要付款时",故填 when。 9. safer【解析】根据 and more convenient 可知此处需用比较级,safe 的比较级为 safer,与 more convenient 并列。 10. your【解析】your next trip 表示"你的下一次旅行",用形容词性物主代词 your 修饰名词 trip。 C. 词汇考查 1. stand【解析】Don't 开头的否定祈使句后接动词原形,故填 stand。 2. water【解析】water 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故填 water。 3. brother's【解析】表示"弟弟的生日",需用名词所有格形式 brother's。 4. artist【解析】不定冠词 an 后接可数名词单数,art 对应的表示"艺术家"的名词为 artist。 5. receives【解析】every year 表示一般现在时,主语 Lanzhou 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 receives。 6. myself【解析】look after oneself 表示"照顾自己",I 的反身代词为 myself。 7. jumping【解析】Look 提示动作正在进行,用现在进行时 be + doing,故填 jumping。 8. carefully【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词 check,careful 的副词形式为 carefully。 9. remembered【解析】memories 与 remember 之间是被动关系,用一般将来时的被动语态 will be remembered。 10. learning【解析】because 引导的原因状语从句中缺少主语,需用动名词 learning 作主语。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $