内容正文:
译林版《英语》九年级上册
Unit 2 Teenage problems Grammar教学设计
一、教材分析
本单元的话题是“常见青少年问题”,属于“人与自我”主题范畴下的“生活与学习”主题群中的“身心健康,抗挫能力”子主题和“自我管理,自我提升”子主题。涉及的语篇类型有音频、图片、对话、信件、书面指令、日记、介绍类短文、表格、电子邮件等。本单元的教学旨在引导学生识别常见青少年问题,理性分析成因,掌握有效的应对策略并积极实践,在解决问题的过程中形成良好习惯,提升情绪调节能力,培养心理韧性,树立积极向上的成长观。本单元的主题句为“It takes courage to grow up.”,旨在引导学生深刻认识到成长是一个需要勇气的过程,鼓励学生勇于面对成长过程中的各种挑战,分析问题根源,寻求应对策略,增强自信与韧性,实现提升与进步。
本课是Unit 2 Grammar板块,计划2课时。本板块围绕单元话题,以“常见青少年问题”为情境,引导学生在语境中学习两个语法知识点:A部分为if或whether引导的宾语从句,B部分为连接代词和连接副词(即疑问词)引导的宾语从句。每个语法知识点教学均包含三个部分:第一部分引导学生在语篇中观察目标语法的形式特征,理解其表意功能,并自主归纳总结核心语法规则;第二部分组织学生通过各类形式的练习,准确运用目标语法,内化新知;第三部分通过开放性活动,引导学生围绕单元话题,在真实、有意义的语境中运用目标语法,完成表达输出任务,最终实现“形式—意义—使用”的统一。A部分呈现Amy与好友争吵后向母亲求助的语篇,引出“We use if or whether to introduce an object clause that expresses a yes-no question”的规则,并说明此类从句常跟在ask, see, wonder, find out等动词之后、从句用陈述语序、正式场合常用whether代替if;配套练习为A1日记填空与A2口语输出。B部分呈现青少年与父母沟通的语篇,引出疑问词引导的宾语从句,并通过Work out the rule!明确其语序与疑问句不同;配套练习为B1选词填空、B2句式改写、B3对话填空与B4书信写作。
二、学情分析
从语言知识与技能层面来看,学生在Unit 1已系统学习过that引导的宾语从句,能识别其基本结构并初步运用,这为本课的学习奠定了良好基础。但学生常把疑问句语序直接照搬到宾语从句中,出现“I wonder if is this normal.”“I don’t know where can I find it.”等典型错误;对if与whether的语体差异缺乏意识;对疑问词在从句中充当句子成分、以及从句时态与主句呼应的规则理解不深。此外,学生在口语与写作中主动使用宾语从句来委婉表达困惑与诉求的意识不强。
从认知与情感层面来看,九年级学生具备一定的观察、比较与归纳推理能力,能够通过对比两组句子自主发现语法规则,但宾语从句涉及语序转换、引导词选择、时态呼应等多个维度,认知负荷较大,容易出现顾此失彼的情况。本板块话题紧贴学生的真实困惑,有利于激发表达动机;但语法规则本身较为抽象,需要教师设计由浅入深、由形式到意义的递进活动,并给予充分的练习、反馈与鼓励。
三、教学目标
通过本课的学习,学生能够:
1. 通过对比观察,识别if或whether引导的宾语从句,理解其表达“是否”疑问的表意功能,归纳其语序规则与使用场合;
2. 完成A1日记填空,在语境中准确选用that与if/whether;
3. 运用if或whether引导的宾语从句,与同伴谈论自己的学习困扰(A2),做到表达准确、语气自然;
4. 识别并归纳疑问词(连接代词和连接副词)引导的宾语从句的结构特征与语序规则;
5. 完成B1、B2、B3练习,辨析并准确运用that、if/whether与疑问词三类引导词;
6. 综合运用三类宾语从句,给Mr Friend写一封短信倾诉烦恼并寻求帮助(B4)。
四、教学过程
教学目标
学习活动
效果评价
1. 通过对比观察,识别if或whether引导的宾语从句,理解其表意功能,归纳其语序规则与使用场合。
Step 1:Lead in
学生比较两组句子,回答问题。
Group 1
I believe that he will win the game.
He says that he wants to be a doctor.
Group 2
I wonder if we understand each other at all.
I wonder whether I should cut back on football.
Q: What do the sentences in Group 1 and Group 2 have in common? And what is the difference between the words introducing the clauses?
Possible answer: They all contain object clauses. Sentences in Group 1 introduce object clauses with “that”, while sentences in Group 2 introduce object clauses that express yes-no questions with “if” or “whether”.
Step 2:Presentation (A)
学生阅读第26页关于Amy的语篇,关注黑体部分的宾语从句。
Amy often argues with her best friend about silly small things. She wonders if this is normal, so she talks to her mum about it. Amy asks her mum whether she has any advice. Her mum tells her to talk to her friend about the situation. Amy wants to improve their friendship, but she isn’t sure if talking about it will help.
学生两人一组,完成疑问句到宾语从句的转换表格。
Original yes-no questions → Object clauses in the sentences
“Is this normal?” → Amy wonders (1) ________ ...
“Does she have any advice?” → Amy asks her mum (2) ________ .
“Will talking about it help?” → ... but she isn’t sure (3) ________ .
Answer
(1) if this is normal (2) whether she has any advice (3) if talking about it will help
根据学生对两组句子的比较,评估学生能否激活Unit 1已学的that宾语从句知识,并发现新句式的不同之处;根据学生转换表格的完成情况,评估学生能否将疑问句正确转换为宾语从句;根据学生的推理过程,评估其观察与归纳能力。
设计意图:以Unit 1已学的that宾语从句为起点进行对比导入,既激活旧知、建立知识联结,又通过反差凸显新知的形式与意义特征;引导学生带着问题自主阅读语篇、完成句式转换,在“做”中感知语序的变化规律,为自主归纳规则积累感性材料。
2. 归纳if或whether引导的宾语从句的核心规则,完成A1日记填空。
Step 3:Work out the rule & Practice (A)
学生观察转换后的句子,回答问题,归纳规则。
Q1: What words do we use to introduce the clause when the original idea is a yes-no question?
Q2: Compare the word order inside the clause with the original question. What important change do you notice?
Q3: What kind of verbs or phrases (like “wonder”) come before these clauses?
Possible answer
(1) We use if or whether to introduce the clause when the original idea is a yes-no question. Both words have the same meaning here, indicating uncertainty or a question that can be answered with “yes” or “no”.
(2) The important change is that the inverted word order of the direct question changes back to the statement word order (subject + verb) in the object clause.
(3) The verbs and phrases that often come before if/whether object clauses express uncertainty or a question. They show that the speaker is unsure about something.
Rules:
We use if or whether to introduce an object clause that expresses a yes-no question.
此类从句常跟在 ask, see, wonder, find out 等动词(短语)之后;
从句一律用陈述语序;正式场合常用 whether 代替 if。
学生完成语序改错练习。
(1) She asks me if can I help her. (✗) → She asks me if I can help her. (✓)
(2) We don’t know whether is he at home. (✗) → We don’t know whether he is at home. (✓)
(3) I’m not sure if did I pass the test. (✗) → I’m not sure if I passed the test. (✓)
学生完成A1,用that或if/whether补全Amy的日记。
Answer
(1) if/whether (2) that (3) if/whether (4) that (5) if/whether (6) if/whether
学生对比教材中的正误示例。
She wonders if this is normal. 😊 She wonders if is this normal. ☹
根据学生对三个探究性问题的回答,评估学生能否自主归纳出语序规则与适用动词;根据学生语序改错的准确率,评估学生是否突破“疑问句语序照搬”这一难点;根据学生A1填空的准确性,评估学生能否依据意义正确选用that与if/whether。
设计意图:引导学生从自己转换出的例句中自主发现并归纳规则,把被动接受转化为主动建构;语序改错练习直击本课最大的形式难点,通过显性的正误对比强化陈述语序意识;A1把that与if/whether置于同一语篇中考查,促使学生依据意义而非形式进行选择,实现从形式操练到意义表达的过渡。
3. 运用if或whether引导的宾语从句,与同伴谈论自己的学习困扰(A2)。
Step 4:Production (A2)
学生两人一组,运用if或whether引导的宾语从句谈论自己的学习困扰。
Model
A: I’m worried about my studies. I don’t know if I can pass the Maths exam.
B: I feel the same. I’m not sure whether I’m studying in the right way.
A: Me too. My parents ask me every day whether I’ve done my homework. It makes me feel stressed.
B: I understand. Maybe you should find out if your classmates want to study together.
A: Good idea. I also wonder whether asking the teacher for help will make a difference.
B: I’m sure it will. Let’s go and ask her if she has time after class.
学生展示对话,师生共同就“引导词选用正确”“从句语序正确”“表达自然流畅”进行点评。
根据学生对话中if/whether使用的准确性与丰富度,评估学生对目标语法的运用能力;根据学生从句语序的正确率,评估学生是否内化了陈述语序规则;根据学生交流的互动性与内容的真实性,评估其口语交际能力。
设计意图:A2把语法知识置于“谈论学习困扰”这一真实且贴近学生生活的交际任务中,让语法学习服务于意义表达。if/whether从句天然带有委婉、不确定的语气,恰好契合学生倾诉困惑时的心理,使语言形式与交际功能高度统一,帮助学生在“用中学”,同时增进同伴间的理解与支持。
4. 识别并归纳疑问词(连接代词和连接副词)引导的宾语从句的结构特征与语序规则。
Step 5:Presentation (B)
学生阅读第27页语篇,关注疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Teenagers often have problems with their parents. They do not always understand why their parents have so many rules. Although this is a common problem, many teenagers do not know what they should do. They are not sure how they can have an honest dialogue with their parents. They do not know who they can ask for advice either.
学生完成“Work out the rule!”。
We use a question word to introduce an object clause that expresses a wh-question. The word order in the clause introduced by a question word should be different from that in a wh-question.
Rules:
疑问词(what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等)引导的宾语从句表达特殊疑问;
从句一律用陈述语序(与疑问句语序不同);
疑问词在从句中充当一定的句子成分;从句时态与主句保持一致。
学生自主阅读教材第166—167页 Grammar check,教师答疑。
根据学生能否在语篇中准确识别疑问词引导的宾语从句,评估学生对结构特征的把握;根据学生对Work out the rule!的完成情况,评估学生能否通过与疑问句语序的对比归纳出陈述语序规则;根据学生的提问质量,评估其自主学习的深度。
设计意图:延续“观察—发现—归纳”的探究路径,引导学生自主建构疑问词引导的宾语从句的形式与意义;通过与疑问句语序的显性对比,强化陈述语序意识,并与A部分形成规则上的呼应,帮助学生构建完整的宾语从句知识网络;引导学生自主查阅Grammar check,培养其借助工具书进行自主学习的习惯。
5. 完成B1、B2、B3练习,辨析并准确运用that、if/whether与疑问词三类引导词。
Step 6:Practice (B1, B2, B3)
学生完成B1,用恰当的疑问词补全宾语从句。
Answer
(1) how (2) who/whom (3) why (4) when (5) how (6) what
学生完成B2,用if/whether或疑问词引导的宾语从句改写Daniel的问题。
Answer
(1) why I argued with my friends yesterday
(2) if/whether Millie can help me get along well with my friends
(3) where I can find useful articles on friendship
(4) how much sleep we need every day
(5) if/whether I need to buy an English dictionary
(6) whether/if the students need to exercise for two hours every day
(7) what life would be like without science
学生完成B3,用that、if/whether或疑问词补全Sandy与Millie的对话。
Answer
(1) that (2) if/whether (3) what (4) if/whether (5) who/whom (6) where/how
教师引导学生归纳三类引导词的辨析要点。
that — 引导陈述句,无词义,不作成分,口语中常省略
if/whether — 引导一般疑问句,表“是否”,不作成分
疑问词 — 引导特殊疑问句,保留疑问词义,在从句中充当成分
根据学生B1选词的准确率,评估学生能否依据从句所缺成分与句意选择恰当的疑问词;根据学生B2句式改写的正确性,评估学生语序转换与引导词选用能力;根据学生B3综合填空的准确率,评估学生辨析三类引导词的能力;根据学生对辨析要点的归纳,评估学生知识结构化程度。
设计意图:三个练习层次分明——B1聚焦疑问词选择,B2聚焦疑问句到从句的转换,B3则要求在同一语篇中综合运用三类引导词,实现了由单一到综合、由形式到意义的递进。最后的辨析归纳帮助学生把零散的规则系统化为清晰的三维对比框架,突破“三类引导词混用”这一学习难点。
6. 综合运用三类宾语从句,给Mr Friend写一封短信倾诉烦恼并寻求帮助(B4)。
Step 7:Production (B4)
学生运用that、if/whether和疑问词引导的宾语从句,给Mr Friend写一封短信,倾诉烦恼并寻求帮助。
Model
Dear Mr Friend,
My name is Li Lei, and I am a Grade 9 student. Many times, I want to tell my parents how I really feel. But they just think that I’m thinking too much or being silly. When I say that I’m tired, they think I don’t want to work hard. I feel that neither of them truly understands me. I’m not sure if they even know how lonely I am. Sometimes I wonder whether I should keep trying to talk to them or just stay silent.
Mr Friend, could you please tell me what I should do? I really hope that you can give me some advice.
Yours sincerely,
Li Lei
Sharing
学生在小组内朗读短信,同伴依据“引导词选用正确”“从句语序正确”“内容真实具体”三项标准互评,教师点评并总结。
根据学生短文中三类宾语从句使用的数量与准确性,评估学生对本板块语法的综合运用能力;根据从句语序的正确率,评估学生是否内化了陈述语序规则;根据短信内容与单元主题的契合度及情感表达的真实性,评估学生的书面表达能力与思维品质。
设计意图:B4是本板块的综合性输出任务,要求学生同时调用三类宾语从句与单元话题词汇,在“向Mr Friend倾诉困惑”这一真实语境中完成有意义的书面表达,实现从“形式感知”到“意义理解”再到“真实运用”的完整进阶。写作任务与Reading板块的求助信形成呼应,使语法学习真正服务于学生的表达需求,并通过同伴互评强化评价促学。
Homework
For All: Rewrite your letter to Mr Friend, using at least one object clause introduced by that, one by if/whether and one by a question word.
For some: Interview a classmate about his or her teenage problems and write a short report, using as many object clauses as possible.
Unit 2 Teenage problems
Grammar Object clauses
A if / whether 引导的宾语从句
一般疑问句 → if/whether + 陈述语序
常跟在 ask, see, wonder, find out 等之后
正式场合常用 whether
B 疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句 → 疑问词 + 陈述语序(与疑问句语序不同)
what, who, whom, whose, which / when, where, why, how
三类引导词辨析:
that — 陈述句,无词义,常省略
if/whether — 一般疑问句,表“是否”
疑问词 — 特殊疑问句,保留词义,充当成分
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