Unit 3 完形填空专项训练 2026-2027学年外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 外研版八年级上册Unit 3完形填空专项训练，8篇短文80题，以发明创造为主线，融合语法应用与语篇理解，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法应用|32题（如1-5题动词形式）|聚焦非谓语动词（不定式/动名词）、介词搭配|从基础语法规则到语境中灵活运用，构建"形式-意义-使用"逻辑链| |词汇辨析|28题（如7题difference/signal）|考查核心名词、形容词及固定搭配（make a difference）|围绕"发明过程"主题词群，形成"问题-解决-影响"语义网络| |语篇理解|20题（如15题Instead逻辑词）|通过上下文语境推断逻辑关系与情感态度|以真实发明案例为载体，渗透"观察-尝试-创新"的思维路径|

Unit 3 完形填空专项训练 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册（学生版） Passage 1 Ryan is a 15-year-old boy from Canada. He was born with a special talent for engineering. When he saw his grandfather 1 to walk because of a leg injury, he decided 2 something to help. “I want 3 a light but strong walking stick for him,” Ryan said. He kept 4 on different materials. At first, he tried 5 wood, but it was too heavy. Then he tried aluminum (铝) and it worked much better. He also added a small flashlight and a seat that could fold out. “My grandfather was blown 6 when he saw the final product. He said it made a big 7 to his daily life,” Ryan said proudly. Ryan posted the design online for 8 . To his surprise, many people downloaded it and sent him thank-you messages. One old man wrote, “Your invention gives me a helping 9 . Now I can go to the park alone.” Ryan said, “I enjoy 10 problems that matter. And I hope more young people will use their skills to help others.” 1．A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 2．A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 3．A．design B．designing C．designed D．to design 4．A．work B．working C．to work D．worked 5．A．use B．to use C．using D．used 6．A．away B．off C．out D．over 7．A．decision B．difference C．condition D．signal 8．A．free B．cost C．money D．sale 9．A．hand B．arm C．leg D．foot 10．A．solve B．to solve C．solved D．solving Passage 2 Many great inventions were not created 11 purpose. They happened by accident. One famous example is the invention of penicillin. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, was 12 an experiment in his lab. He left some Petri dishes on the table and went on a holiday. When he 13 ， he found that a special kind of mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria (细菌) in one dish. This unexpected 14 led to the invention of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives. Another example is the Post-it note. Spencer Silver was trying to invent a super-strong glue. 15 ， he created a weak glue that could stick and peel off easily. At first, he thought it was a 16 . But years later, his friend Arthur Fry used this glue to keep his bookmarks in place. That's how the Post-it note was born. These stories tell us that failure doesn't always mean the end. Sometimes, failure can 17 to great success. Inventors are often 18 about the world around them. They are not afraid to 19 risks and try new things. As Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately 20 ." 11．A．in B．on C．at D．for 12．A．doing B．making C．trying D．testing 13．A．returned B．left C．started D．finished 14．A．discovery B．invention C．exploration D．exhibition 15．A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 16．A．success B．failure C．joke D．wonder 17．A．take B．lead C．drive D．let 18．A．creative B．imaginative C．curious D．talented 19．A．make B．do C．take D．have 20．A．curious B．creative C．lucky D．brave Passage 3 Elon Musk: A Curious Inventor Elon Musk is a really famous inventor. He has done many 21 things, and his great 22 makes him successful. When Musk was young, he loved 23 science-fiction (科幻小说). He always lost himself in (沉浸于) stories about rockets (火箭), planets, and strange things about space. He asked so many questions 24 space and new technologies (科技). This curiosity still stayed with him 25 he grew up. As an adult, Musk started SpaceX. He was very 26 about space. He dreamed of 27 people to Mars to start a new life there. At the same time, he founded (创建) Tesla. Musk wanted to know how to make cars much 28 . So he made electric cars (电车) popular. Also, he started The Boring Company to dig tunnels (挖隧道) for faster travel. Elon Musk shows us that curiosity can lead 29 great things. We should stay curious, 30 like him! 21．A．amazing B．funny C． friendly D．careful 22．A．money B．curiosity C．hobby D．skill 23．A．touching B．reading C．writing D．producing 24．A．about B．with C．for D．at 25．A．what B．why C．how D．when 26．A．curious B．worried C．excited D．interested 27．A．sending B．applying C．bringing D．blowing 28．A．good B．well C．better D．best 29．A．with B．to C．at D．by 30．A．very B．bit C．just D．still Passage 4 When I was a kid, I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside. My room was full of screws, springs, and broken parts. My interest in 31 started from these little games. One day in the sixth grade, our teacher asked us to 32 a small vehicle powered by a rubber band. At first, I had no clue. After reading several books, I 33 decided to build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands. It took me two whole weekends. When I saw it roll across the classroom floor, I felt very 34 of my work. My father noticed my interest and 35 me to join the school science club. There, I learned to draw plans before building. Once, I 36 my teammates by making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself. Later, I saw a 37 product in a shop, but mine used fewer materials. I learned that good inventors always try to make things 38 and cheaper. Working with my teacher, I began to understand that failure is normal. Not every idea will 39 at once. She was always 40 better ways to solve problems, and her guidance, together with my growing interest, helped me become a young inventor. 31．A．teaching B．inventing C．reading D．writing 32．A．draw B．buy C．design D．borrow 33．A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 34．A．afraid B．tired C．proud D．ashamed 35．A．refused B．encouraged C．forced D．warned 36．A．surprised B．bored C．worried D．disappointed 37．A．different B．similar C．large D．expensive 38．A．bigger B．simpler C．heavier D．darker 39．A．work B．fail C．start D．stop 40．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through Passage 5 I have always been interested in how things work. When I was a kid, I used to take apart my toys just to see what was inside. My love of 41 began when I was very young. I really became excited about creating new things after I visited a science museum. One day in the sixth grade, our 42 gave us a project in class. We had to design a simple machine and explain how it works. After thinking it over, I 43 decided to make a wind-powered car. I spent weeks collecting materials and building the model. When I finished, I was so proud of my 44 ! It could move across the floor using only the power of wind. My dad noticed my interest in making things and 45 me. He showed me how to draw plans and turn my ideas into real objects. Once, I surprised my dad 46 a remote-control boat I made. Later, we found a 47 boat in a store. I learned that different inventors often create similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen. I also learned that not all great ideas 48 . Failure is just a part of the process. As my father and I worked together, I began to realise that my dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 49 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my 50 in creating, led me to become an engineer and inventor. 41．A．playing B．making C．reading D．writing 42．A．teacher B．inventor C．farmer D．engineer 43．A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 44．A．invention B．suggestion C．collection D．experiment 45．A．mistook B．refused C．chose D．encouraged 46．A．with B．about C．into D．from 47．A．different B．similar C．large D．small 48．A．work B．fail C．come D．end 49．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 50．A．habit B．story C．interest D．plan Passage 6 Do you know anything about the invention of the microwave oven?   A self-taught engineer named Percy Spencer found it was 51 to heat food quickly using radio waves. In 1945, he was working on a radar system when he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food. Spencer decided to 52 this idea further. Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven. The system did work 53 , but it was very large and expensive. If the invention was to become 54 in homes, the problems had to be solved. Finally, after many improvements, smaller and cheaper models were produced. The patent for the microwave oven was 55 for in 1945, but it was not granted until 1947. 56 this patent was granted, the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price. In 1967, a company named Amana 57 the first affordable microwave oven for home use. It became very popular and 58 changed the way people cooked. Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world. The microwave oven shows how a simple 59 can lead to a great invention. It also teaches us that curiosity and observation are important for 60 . 51．A．easy B．difficult C．interesting D．boring 52．A．give up B．look up C．put up D．follow up 53．A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in turn 54．A．lively B．cheap C．perfect D．popular 55．A．applied B．tested C．made D．divided 56．A．As B．Although C．If D．Since 57．A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 58．A．completely B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly 59．A．mistake B．discovery C．tool D．machine 60．A．scientists B．engineers C．inventors D．users Passage 7 My grandfather was an inventor. He always 61 problems and tried to solve them. When I was young, he showed me his workshop. It was full of tools and 62 parts. He said, “Curiosity is the key. Never stop 63 questions.” One day, he noticed that our street had no streetlights. People often tripped in the dark. He decided to 64 a solar-powered light. He 65 many hours designing it. At first, it didn’t work well. But he didn’t 66 up. He fixed the problems one by one. Finally, it worked perfectly. The whole street was lit up. Our neighbors were so 67 . They said, “You are a hero!” My grandfather taught me that inventions can 68 lives. He also said that you don’t need to be a genius to invent. You just need to be 69 and willing to try. He always 70 to share his ideas with others. He believed that teamwork could make inventions even better. I hope to be like him one day. 61．A．ignored B．noticed C．caused D．avoided 62．A．plastic B．wooden C．metal D．electronic 63．A．asking B．answering C．writing D．reading 64．A．buy B．sell C．invent D．copy 65．A．saved B．wasted C．spent D．counted 66．A．give B．take C．get D．make 67．A．angry B．grateful C．worried D．nervous 68．A．improve B．shorten C．destroy D．change 69．A．lazy B．curious C．careless D．selfish 70．A．refused B．regretted C．loved D．hated Passage 8 In 1905, a young boy named Frank Epperson was making a 71 of soda powder and water. He accidentally left the drink 72 on the porch with a stick in it. That night, the temperature dropped 73 freezing. The next morning, Frank 74 that the drink had frozen solid with the stick 75 inside. He pulled out the frozen treat and 76 it. It was delicious! Frank had accidentally 77 the ice lolly, a popular frozen treat that children still 78 today. He didn't start selling it 79 many years later, but his accidental invention 80 joy to millions of people around the world. 71．A．box B．cup C．bottle D．plate 72．A．inside B．outside C．upstairs D．downstairs 73．A．above B．over C．below D．under 74．A．forgot B．hoped C．decided D．discovered 75．A．still B．never C．already D．almost 76．A．threw away B．looked at C．tasted D．broke 77．A．bought B．invented C．sold D．borrowed 78．A．enjoy B．hate C．fear D．forget 79．A．after B．before C．until D．when 80．A．kept B．brought C．took D．made 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 完形填空专项训练 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册（教师版） Passage 1 Ryan is a 15-year-old boy from Canada. He was born with a special talent for engineering. When he saw his grandfather 1 to walk because of a leg injury, he decided 2 something to help. “I want 3 a light but strong walking stick for him,” Ryan said. He kept 4 on different materials. At first, he tried 5 wood, but it was too heavy. Then he tried aluminum (铝) and it worked much better. He also added a small flashlight and a seat that could fold out. “My grandfather was blown 6 when he saw the final product. He said it made a big 7 to his daily life,” Ryan said proudly. Ryan posted the design online for 8 . To his surprise, many people downloaded it and sent him thank-you messages. One old man wrote, “Your invention gives me a helping 9 . Now I can go to the park alone.” Ryan said, “I enjoy 10 problems that matter. And I hope more young people will use their skills to help others.” 1．A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 2．A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 3．A．design B．designing C．designed D．to design 4．A．work B．working C．to work D．worked 5．A．use B．to use C．using D．used 6．A．away B．off C．out D．over 7．A．decision B．difference C．condition D．signal 8．A．free B．cost C．money D．sale 9．A．hand B．arm C．leg D．foot 10．A．solve B．to solve C．solved D．solving 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了加拿大男孩Ryan发挥工程天赋，为受伤祖父设计轻便拐杖，并免费分享设计帮助他人的感人故事。 【详解】1．句意：当他看到爷爷因为腿部受伤而尝试走路时，他决定做点什么来帮忙。see sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“看到某人正在做某事”，表示当时正在进行的动作，trying符合题意。try（原形）、to try（不定式）、tried（过去式），均不符合。 2．句意：当他看到爷爷因为腿部受伤而尝试走路时，他决定做点什么来帮忙。decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，to do符合题意。do（原形）、doing（动名词）、did（过去式），均不符合。 3．句意：Ryan说：“我想为他设计一个轻便而结实的拐杖。”want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，to design符合题意。design（原形）、designing（动名词）、designed（过去式），均不符合。 4．句意：他不断在不同材料上做实验。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“一直做某事”，working符合题意。work（原形）、to work（不定式）、worked（过去式），均不符合。 5．句意：起初，他尝试使用木头，但它太重了。try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”，表示试着做某事看看效果，using符合题意。use（原形）、to use（不定式）、used（过去式），均不符合。 6．句意：“我的爷爷看到成品时非常惊讶。”be blown away为固定搭配，意为“被深深打动/大吃一惊”，away符合题意。off“离开”、out“出去”、over“结束/在……上方”，均不符合。 7．句意：他说这对他的日常生活产生了很大的影响。make a big difference为固定搭配，意为“产生很大影响/起很大作用”，difference符合题意。decision“决定”、condition“状况”、signal“信号”，均不符合。 8．句意：瑞恩把设计图免费发布在网上。根据后文many people downloaded it“许多人下载了它”，说明是免费提供的，for free“免费”符合题意。cost“费用”、money“钱”、sale“销售”，均不符合。 9．句意：你的发明给了我一只援助之手。a helping hand为固定搭配，意为“援助之手/帮助”，hand符合题意。arm“手臂”、leg“腿”、foot“脚”，均不符合。 10．句意：Ryan说：“我喜欢解决重要的问题。”enjoy doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，solving符合题意。solve（原形）、to solve（不定式）、solved（过去式），均不符合。 Passage 2 Many great inventions were not created 11 purpose. They happened by accident. One famous example is the invention of penicillin. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, was 12 an experiment in his lab. He left some Petri dishes on the table and went on a holiday. When he 13 ， he found that a special kind of mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria (细菌) in one dish. This unexpected 14 led to the invention of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives. Another example is the Post-it note. Spencer Silver was trying to invent a super-strong glue. 15 ， he created a weak glue that could stick and peel off easily. At first, he thought it was a 16 . But years later, his friend Arthur Fry used this glue to keep his bookmarks in place. That's how the Post-it note was born. These stories tell us that failure doesn't always mean the end. Sometimes, failure can 17 to great success. Inventors are often 18 about the world around them. They are not afraid to 19 risks and try new things. As Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately 20 ." 11．A．in B．on C．at D．for 12．A．doing B．making C．trying D．testing 13．A．returned B．left C．started D．finished 14．A．discovery B．invention C．exploration D．exhibition 15．A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 16．A．success B．failure C．joke D．wonder 17．A．take B．lead C．drive D．let 18．A．creative B．imaginative C．curious D．talented 19．A．make B．do C．take D．have 20．A．curious B．creative C．lucky D．brave 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文通过青霉素和便利贴的发明故事，说明伟大发明常源于偶然，失败可通向成功，发明家应保持好奇心。 【详解】11．句意：许多伟大发明不是故意创造的。“on purpose”为固定短语，意为“故意地”。 12．句意：亚历山大·弗莱明正在实验室做实验。“do an experiment”是固定搭配，意为“做实验”。 13．句意：当他回来时，发现霉菌杀死了细菌。根据前文“went on a holiday”可知，度假后应该是“回来”。 14．句意：这个意外的发现导致了青霉素的发明。根据语境，观察到霉菌杀菌现象属于“发现”，青霉素才是“发明”。 15．句意：相反，他创造了一种弱胶水。根据前后句意存在相反关系，本想造“super-strong glue”强胶水却造出“weak glue”弱胶水，“Instead”在此处强调实际结果替代了预期目标。 16．句意：起初，他认为这是个失败。根据前文想要强胶水却得到弱胶水和后文“But”表示转折可知，起初应视为“失败”。 17．句意：有时，失败能通向巨大成功。“lead to”是固定短语，意为“导致/通向”，符合语境。 18．句意：发明家通常对周围世界好奇。“be curious about”是固定搭配，意为“对……好奇”，其他动词不符合。 19．句意：他们不怕冒险。“take risks”是固定短语，意为“冒险”。 20．句意：我只是充满好奇。根据爱因斯坦名言及上文强调的好奇心，可知填curious，其他选项不符合名言原意及语境。 Passage 3 Elon Musk: A Curious Inventor Elon Musk is a really famous inventor. He has done many 21 things, and his great 22 makes him successful. When Musk was young, he loved 23 science-fiction (科幻小说). He always lost himself in (沉浸于) stories about rockets (火箭), planets, and strange things about space. He asked so many questions 24 space and new technologies (科技). This curiosity still stayed with him 25 he grew up. As an adult, Musk started SpaceX. He was very 26 about space. He dreamed of 27 people to Mars to start a new life there. At the same time, he founded (创建) Tesla. Musk wanted to know how to make cars much 28 . So he made electric cars (电车) popular. Also, he started The Boring Company to dig tunnels (挖隧道) for faster travel. Elon Musk shows us that curiosity can lead 29 great things. We should stay curious, 30 like him! 21．A．amazing B．funny C． friendly D．careful 22．A．money B．curiosity C．hobby D．skill 23．A．touching B．reading C．writing D．producing 24．A．about B．with C．for D．at 25．A．what B．why C．how D．when 26．A．curious B．worried C．excited D．interested 27．A．sending B．applying C．bringing D．blowing 28．A．good B．well C．better D．best 29．A．with B．to C．at D．by 30．A．very B．bit C．just D．still 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了著名的发明家埃隆·马斯克的故事，强调好奇心对他的成功至关重要，鼓励大家像他一样保持好奇心。 【详解】21．句意：他做了许多了不起的事，而他极强的好奇心使他取得了成功。 根据上文“Elon Musk is a really famous inventor.”及语境，他做的事情是令人惊叹的。 22．句意：他做了许多了不起的事，而他极强的好奇心使他取得了成功。 根据标题“Elon Musk: A Curious Inventor”及下文“This curiosity still stayed with him”，取得成功的关键是拥有好奇心。 23．句意：马斯克年幼时喜欢读科幻小说。 下文“He always lost himself in (沉浸于) stories about rockets (火箭), planets, and strange things about space.”表明，马斯克喜欢阅读科幻小说，而不是写科幻小说。 24．句意：他问了这么多关于太空的问题。 根据下文“space and new technologies (科技)”，问关于某方面的问题，用介词about。 25．句意：这种好奇心当他长大时仍伴随着他。 根据上文“still stayed with him”及下文“he grew up”，此处用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，指好奇心一直伴随他。 26．句意：他对太空非常好奇。 下文“He dreamed of...to Mars to start a new life there.”是提示，指他好奇太空，用curious。 27．句意：他梦想着把人们送到火星，在那里开始新的生活。 根据下文“to Mars to start a new life there”及语境，可知是送人去太空生活。 28．句意：马斯克想知道如何让汽车变得更好。 “much”修饰比较级，暗含与以前的车的情况进行比较，因此用比较级better。 29．句意：埃隆·马斯克向我们展示了好奇心能通向伟大的事物。 lead to是固定短语，意为“通向”，因此空处用to。 30．句意：我们应该保持好奇心，就像他一样！ 此处指向他学习，像他一样一直保持好奇心；just like是固定短语，意为“就像，正如”，因此用just。 Passage 4 When I was a kid, I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside. My room was full of screws, springs, and broken parts. My interest in 31 started from these little games. One day in the sixth grade, our teacher asked us to 32 a small vehicle powered by a rubber band. At first, I had no clue. After reading several books, I 33 decided to build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands. It took me two whole weekends. When I saw it roll across the classroom floor, I felt very 34 of my work. My father noticed my interest and 35 me to join the school science club. There, I learned to draw plans before building. Once, I 36 my teammates by making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself. Later, I saw a 37 product in a shop, but mine used fewer materials. I learned that good inventors always try to make things 38 and cheaper. Working with my teacher, I began to understand that failure is normal. Not every idea will 39 at once. She was always 40 better ways to solve problems, and her guidance, together with my growing interest, helped me become a young inventor. 31．A．teaching B．inventing C．reading D．writing 32．A．draw B．buy C．design D．borrow 33．A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 34．A．afraid B．tired C．proud D．ashamed 35．A．refused B．encouraged C．forced D．warned 36．A．surprised B．bored C．worried D．disappointed 37．A．different B．similar C．large D．expensive 38．A．bigger B．simpler C．heavier D．darker 39．A．work B．fail C．start D．stop 40．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 【答案】 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者从小对机器工作原理充满好奇，通过拆解玩具、动手制作橡皮筋小车、加入科学俱乐部等经历，最终在老师和父亲的引导下成长为一名年轻发明家的故事。 【详解】31．句意：我对发明的兴趣就是从这些小游戏开始的。 上文“I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside.”表明作者对机械运作原理好奇且喜欢拆解玩具，这属于“发明创造”的兴趣范畴。inventing“发明”符合语境，teaching“教学”、reading“阅读”和writing“写作”均与上下文无关。 32．句意：六年级的一天，老师要求我们设计一个由橡皮筋驱动的小型车辆。 下文“build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands”表明需要先有设计方案再动手制作，design“设计”符合语境，draw“画”、buy“买”和borrow“借”均不符合“制作前需规划”的逻辑。 33．句意：在阅读了几本书之后，我终于决定用塑料瓶和橡皮筋做一辆小车。 上文“At first, I had no clue.”说明起初毫无头绪，经过阅读学习后“最终”做出决定，finally“最终”符合语境，hardly“几乎不”、nearly“将近”和usually“通常”语义不通。 34．句意：当我看到它滚过教室地板时，我感到非常自豪。 上文“I saw it roll across the classroom floor”表明作品成功运行，作者应感到“自豪”，proud“自豪的”符合语境，afraid“害怕的”、tired“疲倦的”和ashamed“羞愧的”均与成功带来的积极情绪不符。 35．句意：父亲注意到了我的兴趣，并鼓励我加入学校科学俱乐部。 下文“I learned to draw plans before building”表明加入俱乐部后获得了成长，这是父亲“鼓励”的结果，encouraged“鼓励”符合语境，refused“拒绝”、forced“强迫”和warned“警告”均不符合父亲支持孩子兴趣的正面态度。 36．句意：有一次，我做了一个能自己吹灭蜡烛的小风扇，这让我的队友们感到惊讶。 “making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself”是一项有创意的发明，会让队友感到“惊讶”，surprised“使惊讶”符合语境，bored“使无聊”、worried“使担心”和disappointed“使失望”均不合逻辑。 37．句意：后来我在商店里看到了一个类似的产品，但我的用料更少。 下文“mine used fewer materials”表明两者功能或外观相近，similar“类似的”符合语境，different“不同的”、large“大的”和expensive“昂贵的”均不能体现比较关系中的相似性。 38．句意：我明白好的发明家总是努力让东西更简单、更便宜。 上文“mine used fewer materials”说明作者意识到减少材料意味着设计更“简单”，simpler“更简单的”符合语境，bigger“更大的”、heavier“更重的”和darker“更暗的”均与“节省材料”的优化方向相反。 39．句意：不是每个想法都会立刻成功。 上文“failure is normal”及下文“better ways to solve problems”表明发明过程中想法可能不会立刻“奏效”，work“起作用/成功”符合语境，fail“失败”与句意矛盾（若说“不会失败”则不合逻辑），start“开始”和stop“停止”语义不搭。 40．句意：她总是在寻找更好的解决问题的方法。 “better ways to solve problems”需要主动“寻找”，looking for“寻找”符合语境，looking at“看”、looking after“照顾”和looking through“浏览”均不能准确表达“寻求解决方案”的含义。 Passage 5 I have always been interested in how things work. When I was a kid, I used to take apart my toys just to see what was inside. My love of 41 began when I was very young. I really became excited about creating new things after I visited a science museum. One day in the sixth grade, our 42 gave us a project in class. We had to design a simple machine and explain how it works. After thinking it over, I 43 decided to make a wind-powered car. I spent weeks collecting materials and building the model. When I finished, I was so proud of my 44 ! It could move across the floor using only the power of wind. My dad noticed my interest in making things and 45 me. He showed me how to draw plans and turn my ideas into real objects. Once, I surprised my dad 46 a remote-control boat I made. Later, we found a 47 boat in a store. I learned that different inventors often create similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen. I also learned that not all great ideas 48 . Failure is just a part of the process. As my father and I worked together, I began to realise that my dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 49 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my 50 in creating, led me to become an engineer and inventor. 41．A．playing B．making C．reading D．writing 42．A．teacher B．inventor C．farmer D．engineer 43．A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 44．A．invention B．suggestion C．collection D．experiment 45．A．mistook B．refused C．chose D．encouraged 46．A．with B．about C．into D．from 47．A．different B．similar C．large D．small 48．A．work B．fail C．come D．end 49．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 50．A．habit B．story C．interest D．plan 【答案】 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．A 49．B 50．C 【导语】本文讲述作者从小就对事物的工作原理充满兴趣，喜欢拆解、制作物件。在一次课堂项目中他制作出风力小车，父亲注意到他的爱好并给予鼓励指导。作者从中懂得并非所有好想法都会成功，失败是过程的一部分，这份热爱最终让他成为工程师和发明家。 【详解】41．句意：我对制作的热爱在我很小的时候就开始了。 结合“I used to take apart my toys just to see what was inside”可知，making（制作）符合拆解玩具、动手造物的语境；playing（玩耍）；reading（阅读）；writing（写作）均不符。 42．句意：在六年级的某一天，我们老师在课堂上给我们布置了一个项目。 结合“gave us a project in class”可知，teacher（老师）符合课堂上老师布置项目作业的语境；inventor（发明者）；farmer（农民）；engineer（工程师）均不符。 43．句意：在仔细思考之后，我最终决定制作一辆风力驱动小车。 结合“After thinking it over”可知，finally（最终）符合反复思考后做出决定的语境；hardly（几乎不）；nearly（几乎）；usually（通常）均不符。 44．句意：当我完成的时候，我为我的发明感到无比自豪！ 结合“It could move across the floor using only the power of wind”可知，invention（发明）符合自制风力小车的语境；suggestion（建议）；collection（收藏品）；experiment（实验）均不符。 45．句意：我的爸爸注意到我动手制作东西的兴趣并且鼓励我。 结合“He showed me how to draw plans and turn my ideas into real objects”可知，encouraged（鼓励）符合父亲帮助指导我的语境；mistook（误解）；refused（拒绝）；chose（选择）均不符。 46．句意：有一次，我用自己制作的一艘遥控船给了爸爸一个惊喜。 固定搭配surprise sb. with sth.表示“用某物使某人惊喜”，with符合短语搭配语境；about（关于）；into（进入）；from（来自）均不符。 47．句意：后来，我们在一家商店里发现了一艘相似的船。 结合“I learned that different inventors often create similar things”可知，similar（相似的）符合不同发明者造出相似物品的语境；different（不同的）；large（大的）；small（小的）均不符。 48．句意：我也了解到并非所有好的想法都会成功奏效。 结合“Failure is just a part of the process”可知，work（奏效，起作用）符合想法不一定成功，失败是过程一部分的语境；fail（失败）；come（到来）；end（结束）均不符。 49．句意：他总是寻找更好的方法去完成简单的工作。 结合“my dad was quite an inventor himself”可知，looking for（寻找）符合父亲善于钻研、探寻更好办法的语境；looking at（看）；looking after（照顾）；looking through（浏览）均不符。 50．句意：他的指引，加上我对创造的兴趣，促使我成为一名工程师和发明家。 文章开篇就提到我从小热爱动手创造，interest（兴趣）符合我热爱造物的语境；habit（习惯）；story（故事）；plan（计划）均不符。 Passage 6 Do you know anything about the invention of the microwave oven?   A self-taught engineer named Percy Spencer found it was 51 to heat food quickly using radio waves. In 1945, he was working on a radar system when he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food. Spencer decided to 52 this idea further. Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven. The system did work 53 , but it was very large and expensive. If the invention was to become 54 in homes, the problems had to be solved. Finally, after many improvements, smaller and cheaper models were produced. The patent for the microwave oven was 55 for in 1945, but it was not granted until 1947. 56 this patent was granted, the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price. In 1967, a company named Amana 57 the first affordable microwave oven for home use. It became very popular and 58 changed the way people cooked. Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world. The microwave oven shows how a simple 59 can lead to a great invention. It also teaches us that curiosity and observation are important for 60 . 51．A．easy B．difficult C．interesting D．boring 52．A．give up B．look up C．put up D．follow up 53．A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in turn 54．A．lively B．cheap C．perfect D．popular 55．A．applied B．tested C．made D．divided 56．A．As B．Although C．If D．Since 57．A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 58．A．completely B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly 59．A．mistake B．discovery C．tool D．machine 60．A．scientists B．engineers C．inventors D．users 【答案】 51．A 52．D 53．A 54．D 55．A 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述微波炉的发明历程，介绍了Percy Spencer偶然发现微波可以加热食物；微波炉最初体积大、价格昂贵，经过改良之后，最终走进千家万户的故事。 【详解】51．句意：一位自学成才的工程师名叫Percy Spencer，他发现利用无线电波快速加热食物是容易的。 结合“He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food”可知，easy“容易的”符合微波可以加热食物的语境；difficult“困难的”、interesting“有趣的”、boring“无聊的”均不符。 52．句意：Spencer决定进一步跟进钻研这个想法。 结合下文“Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven”可知，follow up“跟进，继续探究”符合深入研究该想法的语境；give up“放弃”、look up“查阅”、put up|“张贴”均不符。 53．句意：这个系统起初确实可以工作，但是它体积很大而且价格昂贵。 结合“but it was very large and expensive”可知，at first“起初”符合初代微波炉能用但有缺陷的语境；for example“例如”、on time“准时”、in turn“反过来”均不符。 54．句意：如果这项发明想要在家庭中变得普及，这些问题就必须被解决。 结合后文“the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price”可知，popular“受欢迎的，普及的”符合走入普通家庭的语境；lively“活泼的”、cheap“便宜的”、perfect“完美的”均不符。 55．句意：微波炉的专利在1945年被申请，但是直到1947年才被授予。 结合“but it was not granted until 1947”可知，applied“申请”符合专利先申请后授权的语境；tested“测试”、made“制作”、divided“划分”均不符。 56．句意：虽然这项专利被授予了，但由于高昂的价格，这款微波炉在家庭中仍然并不普及。 前后句为转折关系，Although“虽然，尽管”符合让步转折语境；As“当……时；因为”、If“如果”、Since“自从，既然”均不符。 57．句意：1967年，一家名叫Amana的公司发明出第一款价格亲民的家用微波炉。 结合“the first affordable microwave oven for home use”可知，invented“发明”符合公司研制家用微波炉的语境；found“找到”、mentioned“提及”、remained“保持”均不符。 58．句意：它变得十分受欢迎，并且彻底改变了人们做饭的方式。 结合“Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world”可知，completely“完全地，彻底地”符合微波炉极大改变烹饪模式的语境；hardly“几乎不”、nearly“几乎”、suddenly“突然”均不符。 59．句意：微波炉向我们展示一个简单的发现如何造就一项伟大的发明。 结合上文工程师偶然留意到巧克力融化这一现象可知，discovery“发现”符合偶然发现催生发明的语境；mistake“错误”、tool“工具”、machine“机器”均不符。 60．句意：这也告诉我们，好奇心和观察力对于发明家来说十分重要。 结合全文围绕发明创造展开可知，inventors“发明家”符合文章主题语境；scientists“科学家”、engineers“工程师”、users“使用者”均不符。 Passage 7 My grandfather was an inventor. He always 61 problems and tried to solve them. When I was young, he showed me his workshop. It was full of tools and 62 parts. He said, “Curiosity is the key. Never stop 63 questions.” One day, he noticed that our street had no streetlights. People often tripped in the dark. He decided to 64 a solar-powered light. He 65 many hours designing it. At first, it didn’t work well. But he didn’t 66 up. He fixed the problems one by one. Finally, it worked perfectly. The whole street was lit up. Our neighbors were so 67 . They said, “You are a hero!” My grandfather taught me that inventions can 68 lives. He also said that you don’t need to be a genius to invent. You just need to be 69 and willing to try. He always 70 to share his ideas with others. He believed that teamwork could make inventions even better. I hope to be like him one day. 61．A．ignored B．noticed C．caused D．avoided 62．A．plastic B．wooden C．metal D．electronic 63．A．asking B．answering C．writing D．reading 64．A．buy B．sell C．invent D．copy 65．A．saved B．wasted C．spent D．counted 66．A．give B．take C．get D．make 67．A．angry B．grateful C．worried D．nervous 68．A．improve B．shorten C．destroy D．change 69．A．lazy B．curious C．careless D．selfish 70．A．refused B．regretted C．loved D．hated 【答案】 61．B 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．C 66．A 67．B 68．A 69．B 70．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的祖父是一名发明家，他善于发现问题、勇于动手创造，自制太阳能路灯造福邻里。祖父告诉作者，发明不需要天赋过人，保持好奇、敢于尝试就可以，让作者深受启发。 【详解】61．句意：我的祖父是一名发明家，他总能发现问题并努力解决它们。 后文写他留意街上没有路灯的问题，体现发明家善于观察发现问题，noticed意为“注意到，发现”；ignored“忽视”、caused“造成”、avoided“避免”，和发明家解决问题的人设不符，因此填noticed。 62．句意：工坊里摆满工具和电子零件。 祖父要发明太阳能灯具，需要用到电子零部件，electronic意为“电子的”；plastic“塑料的”、wooden“木制的”、metal“金属的”，不能对应发明灯具所需配件，因此填electronic。 63．句意：好奇心是关键，永远不要停止提问。 前文出现curiosity（好奇心），好奇心就来源于不断提出问题，stop asking questions表示“停止提问”；answering“回答”、writing“书写”、reading“阅读”，和好奇心的内涵不匹配，因此填asking。 64．句意：他决定发明一盏太阳能路灯。 上文街道没有路灯，祖父是发明家，他要动手创造出新灯具，invent意为“发明”；buy“购买”、sell“售卖”、copy“复制”，不符合祖父动手创造的情节，因此填invent。 65．句意：他花费许多个小时来设计这盏灯。 联系上下文，祖父打算自制太阳能路灯，需要投入大量时间做设计工作。spent符合spend time doing sth固定结构，表示“花费时间做某事”；saved“节省”、wasted“浪费”、counted“数”，都和祖父潜心搞发明的语境不符，因此填spent。 66．句意：但他并没有放弃。 根据前文“一开始装置运行并不理想”，可知祖父遇到了失败，但后文写他逐个修复故障，可见他没有就此放弃。give up意为“放弃”；take up“开始从事”、get up“起床”、make up“编造”，无法体现遭遇失败后的态度，因此填give。 67．句意：整条街道亮起来了，邻居们十分感激。 祖父造出路灯解决大家夜里出行绊倒的难题，邻居心怀感激，grateful意为“感激的”；angry“生气的”、worried“担忧的”、nervous“紧张的”，和后文夸赞他是英雄的情节矛盾，因此填grateful。 68．句意：祖父教会我，发明可以改善人们的生活。 路灯方便街坊生活，体现发明改善生活的作用，improve意为“改善、提升”；shorten“缩短”、destroy“毁坏”、change“改变”，不能体现发明带来的正向作用，因此填improve。 69．句意：你只需要保持好奇心，并且愿意不断尝试。 前文祖父提到“Curiosity is the key”，此处呼应上文，curious意为“好奇的”；lazy“懒惰的”、careless“粗心的”、selfish“自私的”，都是负面品质，不符合发明需要的特质，因此填curious。 70．句意：他总是喜爱和别人分享自己的想法。 后文中他相信团队协作可以让发明变得更好，说明他乐于分享想法，loved意为“喜爱”；refused“拒绝”、regretted“后悔”、hated“讨厌”，和推崇团队合作的内容相悖，因此填loved。 Passage 8 In 1905, a young boy named Frank Epperson was making a 71 of soda powder and water. He accidentally left the drink 72 on the porch with a stick in it. That night, the temperature dropped 73 freezing. The next morning, Frank 74 that the drink had frozen solid with the stick 75 inside. He pulled out the frozen treat and 76 it. It was delicious! Frank had accidentally 77 the ice lolly, a popular frozen treat that children still 78 today. He didn't start selling it 79 many years later, but his accidental invention 80 joy to millions of people around the world. 71．A．box B．cup C．bottle D．plate 72．A．inside B．outside C．upstairs D．downstairs 73．A．above B．over C．below D．under 74．A．forgot B．hoped C．decided D．discovered 75．A．still B．never C．already D．almost 76．A．threw away B．looked at C．tasted D．broke 77．A．bought B．invented C．sold D．borrowed 78．A．enjoy B．hate C．fear D．forget 79．A．after B．before C．until D．when 80．A．kept B．brought C．took D．made 【答案】 71．B 72．B 73．C 74．D 75．A 76．C 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．B 【导语】本文讲述了1905年男孩Frank Epperson意外发明冰棍的故事，以及这一发明给世界带来的快乐。 【详解】71．句意：正在调制一杯苏打粉和水。根据“making...soda powder and water”可知调制饮料常用杯子，盒子、盘子无法盛液体，瓶子通常指密封容器。 72．句意：把饮料留在门廊外面。根据“on the porch”可知门廊位于室外，inside/upstairs/downstairs均指室内位置。 73．句意：气温降至冰点以下。根据“freezing”及水结冰事实，温度需在冰点以下，above/over意思相反，under多指物理位置下方。 74．句意：Frank发现饮料冻住了。根据“The next morning”及客观事实，应是醒来后发现，forget/hope/decide不符合语境。 75．句意：棍子仍然在里面。根据前文“with a stick in it”，强调状态持续未变，never/already/almost逻辑不通。 76．句意：拿出来尝了尝。根据“It was delicious”可知只有尝过才知道美味，threw away/looked at/broke无法得出美味结论。 77．句意：意外发明了冰棍。根据后文“accidental invention”可知是发明，bought/sold/borrowed与发明语境不符。 78．句意：孩子们至今仍然喜爱。根据“popular frozen treat”可知是受欢迎，hate/fear/forget与popular矛盾。 79．句意：直到多年后才开始卖。根据“didn’t start...later”可知是not...until固定搭配，意为“直到……才”，after/before/when搭配不当。 80．句意：给数百万人带来快乐。根据“joy to millions”可知是带来快乐，bring joy to为固定搭配，kept/took/made搭配不当。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $