Unit1&Unit2语法知识点总结与练习2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义以Unit 1动词不定式和Unit 2情态动词should/could、反身代词为核心，按语法功能分类构建知识体系。通过“基本形式-句法功能-特殊用法”框架梳理动词不定式，用搭配列表呈现宾语、宾补等用法，以对比说明区分should与could语气差异，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 练习设计紧扣知识点，如动词不定式作目的状语题（We went to the library...）、反身代词固定短语题（help yourselves...），通过具体语境强化语言运用，培养语言能力和思维品质。解析标注核心结构（如plan to do, It is adj. of sb. to do），帮助基础学生掌握规则，优秀学生深化理解，支持自主复习并为教师提供精准教学依据。

八下英语单元U1&U2语法知识点总结与练习 Unit 1 动词不定式 一、语法知识点总结 1、基本形式 动词不定式的基本结构是 to + 动词原形，否定形式是 not to do。它在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语、定语和主语。 2、作宾语 有些动词后常接不定式作宾语，表示“想要、决定、希望、计划做某事”。 常见搭配：want to do sth., hope to do sth., decide to do sth., plan to do sth., agree to do sth., learn to do sth., choose to do sth., fail to do sth. 例：She decided to join the English club. 3、作宾语补足语 常见结构：ask / tell / want / invite / teach / encourage / advise / expect sb. to do sth. 否定形式：ask / tell / advise sb. not to do sth. 例：The teacher told us not to run in the hallway. 4、作目的状语 不定式可以表示目的，意为“为了……”。 例：He got up early to catch the first bus. 5、作定语 不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词后面。 常见表达：something to eat, a room to live in, a lot of homework to do。 例：I have many books to read this summer. 6、作主语 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语。结构为 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.。 当形容词描述人的品质时，常用 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.，如 kind, nice, clever, careless 等。 例：It is important for us to learn English well. 例：It is kind of you to help me. 7、省略to的不定式 在部分感官动词和使役动词后，作宾补的不定式要省略to。 常见结构：make / let / have sb. do sth.；see / watch / hear / notice sb. do sth. 例：The joke made us laugh. 二、巩固练习 1. —What do you plan ____ this weekend? —I plan ____ my grandparents. A. doing; visit B. to do; to visit C. do; visiting D. to do; visit 2. It is necessary for students ____ enough sleep every night. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 3. The doctor advised my father ____ too much coffee. A. not drink B. not to drink C. don’t drink D. drinking 4. We went to the library ____ some information about Chinese festivals. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found 5. The movie was so funny that it made everyone ____. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 6. I have no time ____ TV because I have a report ____. A. watch; write B. to watch; to write C. watching; writing D. watched; to write 7. It was careless ____ him ____ the same mistake again. A. for; to make B. of; to make C. for; making D. of; make 8. My English teacher often encourages us ____ English aloud in the morning. A. read B. reading C. to read D. readed 参考答案 1、B 解析：plan to do sth 计划做某事。 2、C 解析：It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth 形式主语结构。 3、B 解析：advise sb. not to do sth 建议某人不要做某事。 4、C 解析：不定式作目的状语，说明去图书馆的目的。 5、A 解析：make sb. do sth 使某人做某事，宾补省略to。 6、B 解析：have no time to do sth 没时间做某事；have sth to do 有某事要做，不定式作后置定语。 7、B 解析：careless 描述人的性格品质，用 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth。 8、C 解析：encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事。 Unit 2 情态动词should / could；反身代词 一、语法知识点总结 1、should的用法 should是情态动词，后接动词原形，表示“应该”，常用于提出建议、表达责任或义务。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形。否定形式为should not = shouldn’t。 例：You should drink more water. 例：You shouldn’t stay up too late. 2、could的用法 could可以用于提出建议，语气比can更委婉，意为“可以；不妨”。 结构：主语 + could + 动词原形。 例：You could talk with your parents. 3、should与could的区别 should语气较强，强调“应该做”；could语气较委婉，表示“可以考虑做”。 例：You should see a doctor. 例：You could call your friend for help. 4、反身代词的构成 反身代词表示“某人自己”。 单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself；复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves。 5、反身代词作宾语 当主语和宾语指同一个人时，宾语常用反身代词。 例：He hurt himself yesterday. 6、反身代词作同位语 反身代词可以用来强调“亲自；本人”。 例：I finished the work myself. 7、常见反身代词短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；help oneself to… 随便吃/喝……；teach oneself 自学；by oneself 独自地；look after oneself 照顾自己；hurt oneself 伤到自己；dress oneself 自己穿衣服。 二、巩固练习 1. —I have a sore throat. —You ____ drink some warm water. A. should B. shouldn’t C. could not D. would 2. —I feel nervous before the exam. —You ____ listen to some light music to relax. A. mustn’t B. could C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 3. You ____ play with fire. It is very dangerous. A. should B. could C. shouldn’t D. may 4. Boys and girls, please help ____ to some fruit. A. yourself B. yourselves C. himself D. themselves 5. My little brother is old enough to dress ____. A. him B. his C. himself D. he 6. We finished the difficult work by ____. No one helped us. A. us B. our C. ourselves D. ours 7. Mary taught ____ to play the piano during the summer holiday. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 8. —Can you make the model plane for me? —Why not try to make it by ____? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 参考答案 1、A 解析：should 应该，给出合理建议。 2、B 解析：could 语气委婉，用来提建议。 3、C 解析：shouldn’t 不应该，玩火是危险行为。 4、B 解析：主语boys and girls是复数，help yourselves 请随便吃。 5、C 解析：dress oneself 自己穿衣服。 6、C 解析：by oneself 独自；主语we，对应反身代词ourselves。 7、D 解析：teach oneself 自学。 8、C 解析：by yourself 靠你自己独立完成。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $