内容正文:
人教版英语八年级上册Unit3语法汇总与练习
形容词、副词比较级;as … as
第一部分 语法知识点总结
一、比较级的基本概念
1、比较级表示两者之间的比较
比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较,表示其中一方“更……”。常见结构是 A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B。比较对象必须属于同一类别。
例:Tina is taller than Amy.(蒂娜比埃米高。)
说明:Tina 和 Amy 都是人,可以直接比较身高。
2、形容词比较级与副词比较级
形容词比较级通常放在 be、become、get、feel 等系动词后,描述人或事物的性质;副词比较级修饰实义动词,说明动作完成得怎样。
例:This room is quieter than that one.(这个房间比那个更安静。)
例:Lucy speaks more clearly than before.(露西说得比以前更清楚。)
说明:quiet 描述 room,用形容词;clearly 修饰 speaks,用副词。
二、比较级的构成
1、规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词通常在词尾加‑er;多音节词和多数以‑ly结尾的副词通常在前面加more。拼写变化要同时注意不发音e、辅音字母+y和重读闭音节。
一般单音节词 +‑er tall → taller; fast → faster
以不发音e结尾 +‑r nice → nicer; large → larger
辅音+y结尾 y → i +‑er easy → easier; early → earlier
重读闭音节 双写末字母 +‑er big → bigger; thin → thinner
多音节及部分双音节词 more + 原级 more beautiful; more carefully
2、常见不规则变化
常见不规则形式有 good / well → better,bad / badly / ill → worse,many / much → more,little → less,far → farther / further。它们不能再加‑er或more。
例:This plan is better than the old one.(这个计划比原来的更好。)
说明:不能说 more better。
三、含 than 的基本句型
1、肯定比较
A + be / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B 表示“A 比 B 更……”。than 后可接名词、代词或与前面对应的比较结构。
例:My sister gets up earlier than I do.(我姐姐起得比我早。)
说明:do 代替前面的 get up,避免重复。
2、比较级前的修饰语
much、far、a lot 可表示“……得多”,a little、a bit 表示“稍微”,even 表示“甚至更……”。very 通常修饰原级,不能直接修饰比较级。
例:The blue box is much heavier than the red one.(蓝箱子比红箱子重得多。)
说明:可以说 much heavier,不能说 very heavier。
3、在两者中进行选择
Who / Which + 谓语 + 比较级, A or B? 用于询问两者中哪一个更符合某种特点。若比较对象只有两个,应使用比较级,而不是最高级。
例:Who sings better, Lucy or Lily?(露西和莉莉谁唱得更好?)
四、比较级的常用加强结构
1、比较级 and 比较级
比较级 + and + 比较级表示“越来越……”。单音节词重复比较级;多音节词用 more and more + 原级。
例:The days are getting longer and longer.(白天变得越来越长。)
例:Online learning is becoming more and more convenient.(在线学习变得越来越方便。)
2、the 比较级…, the 比较级…
the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…表示“越……,就越……”。两个 the 都不能省略,后面的词仍使用比较级。
例:The more carefully you plan, the easier the work will be.(你计划得越仔细,工作就会越容易。)
说明:前半句用副词 more carefully,后半句用形容词 easier。
五、同级比较 as … as
1、肯定结构
A + be / 动词 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as + B 表示“A 和 B 一样……”。两个 as 之间必须使用原级,不能使用比较级。
例:Sam is as friendly as Tom.(萨姆和汤姆一样友好。)
2、否定结构
A + be / 动词 + not as / so + 原级 + as + B 表示“A 不如 B……”。它常可以改写为 B + 比较级 + than + A。
例:I don’t run as fast as my brother.(我跑得不如哥哥快。)
说明:可改写为 My brother runs faster than I do.
3、数量和倍数表达
as many + 可数名词复数 + as 表示“数量一样多”;as much + 不可数名词 + as 表示“数量一样多”。twice / three times as + 原级 + as 可表示倍数关系。
例:She has as many books as I do.(她的书和我的一样多。)
例:This room is twice as large as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。)
六、比较对象与相关辨析
1、比较对象必须一致
比较双方在语法和意义上要对应。若比较“我的书包”和“你的书包”,应使用 yours 或 your bag,不能把书包与人 you 比较。
例:My bag is heavier than yours.(我的包比你的重。)
2、any other 的用法
同一范围内比较时,要把主语自身排除在外,常用比较级 + than any other + 单数名词。若比较对象不在同一范围,则不一定使用 other。
例:Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.(汤姆比班里其他任何男孩都高。)
3、fewer、less 与 more
fewer 修饰可数名词复数,less 修饰不可数名词;more 既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词。
例:The new route has fewer cars and less noise.(新路线车辆更少,噪声也更小。)
4、the same as 与 be different from
the same as 表示“与……相同”,be different from 表示“与……不同”。其中介词 as 和 from 是固定搭配,不能互换。
第二部分 专项巩固练习题
一、单项选择(15题)
1. Tom is ____ than Jim.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
2. This story is ____ interesting as that one.
A. as B. so C. more D. much
3. —Who is ____, Lily or Lucy?
—Lucy.
A. smart B. smarter C. smartest D. the smartest
4. He runs ____ than his brother.
A. fast B. more fast C. faster D. much fast
5. My room is not as ____ as yours.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. more big
6. The weather is getting ____.
A. warm and warm B. warmer and warmer
C. more warm and more warm D. more and more warm
7. ____ hard you work, ____ better grades you will get.
A. The; the B. More; more C. Very; very D. Much; much
8. This box is ____ heavier than that one.
A. very B. much C. quite D. so
9. There is ____ water in this cup than in that cup.
A. few B. fewer C. little D. less
10. Shanghai is bigger than ____ city in China.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
11. She writes ____ than me.
A. more carefully B. careful C. more careful D. carefully
12. This building is twice ____ high as that one.
A. so B. as C. more D. much
13. —Is your bag the same ____ mine?
—No, it’s different ____ mine.
A. as; from B. from; as C. as; as D. from; from
14. I have ____ books than you.
A. many B. much C. more D. most
15. He doesn’t sing ____ as his sister.
A. so well B. so good C. as better D. more well
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. Lisa is ____ (outgoing) than her sister.
2. Tom runs as ____ (quick) as Jack.
3. This book is ____ (interesting) than that one.
4. The ____ (much) you read, the ____ (much) you will know.
5. My mother is ____ (tall) than me.
6. Today is ____ (hot) than yesterday.
7. He speaks English ____ (clear) than before.
8. There are ____ (few) students in our class than in yours.
9. This story is not as ____ (funny) as that one.
10. She is becoming ____ and ____ (beautiful).
三、句型转换(5题)
1. Tom is taller than Bob.(改为同义句)
Bob is ____ ____ ____ Tom.
2. This room is as big as that one.(改为否定句)
This room is ____ ____ ____ ____ that one.
3. Lucy works harder than Lily.(对划线部分提问)
____ works ____, Lucy or Lily?
4. Mike is 1.7 metres. John is 1.7 metres.(合并为一句)
Mike is ____ ____ ____ John.
5. The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.(翻译句子)
____________________________________
四、句子翻译(5题)
1. 我的妹妹比我外向。
____________________________________
2. 这本书不如那本书有趣。
____________________________________
3. 你越细心,犯的错误就越少。
____________________________________
4. 他跑得和他爸爸一样快。
____________________________________
5. 我们学校的图书馆比你们的更大。
____________________________________
第三部分 参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
1、B
解析:than 是比较级标志,tall 的比较级 taller。
2、A
解析:as…as 固定同级比较结构,中间用原级。
3、B
解析:两者之间选择,用比较级 smarter。
4、C
解析:than 用比较级,fast比较级 faster。
5、A
解析:not as…as中间必须使用形容词原级 big。
6、B
解析:单音节词比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”warmer and warmer。
7、A
解析:the+比较级,the+比较级,越……越……。
8、B
解析:much可以修饰比较级;very、quite、so不能修饰比较级。
9、D
解析:water不可数名词,than提示用little的比较级 less。
10、B
解析:同一范围比较,than any other +单数名词。
11、A
解析:修饰动词writes用副词,than用比较级 more carefully。
12、B
解析:倍数 + as +原级 + as,倍数表达固定结构。
13、A
解析:the same as 和……一样;be different from 和……不同,固定搭配。
14、C
解析:than提示用many的比较级more。
15、A
解析:not so…as中间用原级;修饰动词sing用副词well。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1、more outgoing
2、quickly
3、more interesting
4、more;more
5、taller
6、hotter
7、more clearly
8、fewer
9、funny
10、more;more beautiful
三、句型转换
1、shorter than
2、not as / so big as
3、Who; harder
4、as tall as
5、你锻炼得越多,你就会越健康。
四、句子翻译
1、My sister is more outgoing than me.
2、This book is not as / so interesting as that one.
3、The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
4、He runs as fast as his father.
5、Our school library is bigger than yours.
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