Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版（第三版）拓展模块

本讲义聚焦专业技能提升主题，系统梳理实习、技能大赛等相关核心词汇与短语，通过词形转换、深度辨析构建词汇支架，结合时态（现在完成时等）与被动语态对比表及转换步骤搭建语法体系，同步训练情景交际（表扬鼓励）与读写技能（实习证明阅读、志愿者日记写作）。 该资料以核心素养为导向，语言能力方面通过分层练习强化词汇语法应用，文化意识融入世界技能大赛认知增强职业自豪感，思维品质训练信息提取与社会实践意义评价。课中助教师高效授课，课后易错点汇总与范文供学生查漏补缺，实现语言学习与职业素养培育的有机融合。

Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills 磨砺技能 Unit 2 Sharpening Your Skills 讲义 项目 内容 单元话题 专业技能提升：实习经历、技能大赛、志愿者活动、表扬与鼓励 语言技能 听懂关于实习/实训/技能大赛的对话；介绍参赛与志愿者经历；读懂实习证明与招聘文本；写志愿者日记 重点词汇 internship, volunteer, competition, skill, training, attitude, effort, certificate, recruit, participant, outstanding, practical 等 重点短语 apply for, take part in, make efforts to, show passion for, work hard on, be designed for, expect to, be good at 等 核心语法 时态与语态（一般现在/过去/完成时、被动语态）；表扬与鼓励的表达 情感价值 理解专业技能训练与社会实践的重要性，培养工匠精神与职业教育自豪感 一、单元学习目标 维度 具体目标 语言能力 掌握实习、技能大赛、志愿者服务相关词汇与固定搭配，能在语境中正确理解与运用 文化意识 了解世界技能大赛（World Skills Contest），增强对职业教育的认同感与自豪感 思维品质 能提取对话中的实习/实训信息，比较并评价社会实践对个人发展的意义 学习能力 能听懂并参与介绍实习、参赛、志愿者经历的对话，能写志愿者活动日记 ★ 本单元重难点：重点——① 现在完成时的用法（have/has + 过去分词，表经历与结果）；② 被动语态（be + 过去分词）；难点——各种时态的辨析与正确选用，以及主动语态与被动语态的转换。 二、核心词汇精讲 ▍ 1. 实习·实训·竞赛类核心词（含音标与派生） 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 派生与搭配 internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ n. 实习（期） do / take an internship volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. & v. 志愿者；自愿做 volunteer work / to do competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ n. 比赛，竞争 compete v. / competitor n. skill /skɪl/ n. 技能，技巧 skill training / skilled adj. training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n. 训练，培训 skill training attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度 attitude towards / to… effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力 make efforts to do sth certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ n. 证书，证明 internship certificate recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ v. 招募，招聘 recruitment n. participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ n. 参与者 participate v. / participation n. outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 杰出的 an outstanding student practical /ˈpræktɪkəl/ adj. 实际的，实用的 practical skills ▍ 2. 重点词汇深度辨析 辨析点 用法说明 例句 attitude towards / to 对……的态度（介词固定用 towards 或 to） a positive attitude towards work take part in vs join take part in 参加活动；join 加入组织/团体 take part in the contest compete vs match / race compete 强调竞争；match 指对抗赛；race 指竞速 compete in the contest make efforts to do 努力去做某事（to 是不定式符号） make efforts to improve skills be designed for / to 为……而设计；目的是…… The program is designed for students. expect to do vs look forward to expect to 期待做某事；look forward to 中的 to 是介词 expect to receive training ▍ 3. 词形转换（必背） 动词 / 名词 名词 / 形容词 说明 compete competition / competitor competition 名词 participate participant / participation participant 参与者 recruit recruitment recruitment 招募 train training / trainee training 训练 improve improvement improvement 改进 succeed success / successful successful 成功的 organize organization organization 组织 communicate communication communication 交流 ⚠ 词形转换易错： attitude 后接 towards / to（不用 of / for）；participant 是“参与者”，participate 才是动词；recruitment 的 c 不发音但拼写保留。 三、核心短语与固定搭配 短语 含义 例句 apply for 申请 He applied for a summer internship. take part in 参加（活动） She took part in the World Skills Contest. make efforts to do 努力做某事 He made efforts to improve his skills. show passion for 对……表现出热情 She showed great passion for her work. work hard on 努力从事/钻研 They worked hard on a team project. be designed for 为……设计 The program is designed for trainees. expect to do 期待做某事 Participants expect to receive training. be good at 擅长 He is good at communicating. do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙 Do yourself a favor and sign up. cooperate with 与……合作 He cooperated closely with colleagues. prove to be 结果是，证明是 He proved to be a good team player. gain experience 获得经验 Students gain related work experience. ⚠ 介词固定搭配： apply for（申请职位/实习，for 不丢）、take part in（in 不丢）、make efforts to do（to 后接动词原形）、attitude towards（不用 of）、look forward to doing（to 是介词，后接名词/doing）。 四、核心语法一：时态（Tenses）★★ 本单元涉及四种基本时态，重点是与“实习经历、技能训练”相关的时间表达。判断时态的关键是：看动作发生的时间以及是否对现在有影响。 ▍ 1. 四种时态对比表（必记） 时态 结构 主要用法 例句 一般现在时 主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数 经常、习惯；客观事实 I work as a receptionist. 一般过去时 主语 + 动词过去式 过去某时发生，与现在无关 She won the contest last year. 一般将来时 主语 + will + 动词原形 将来将要发生 He will take part in the contest. 现在完成时 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 过去发生，对现在有影响 / 表经历 I have sent some applications. ▍ 2. 现在完成时（本单元重点） 结构： 用法 说明 例句 表经历（曾做过） 常与 ever, never, before 连用 Have you applied before? 表结果（已完成的现在影响） 强调对现在的影响 I have got a reply.（已收到回复） for / since 表持续 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 He has trained for two years. ▍ 3. 时态辨析（高频考点） 辨析点 核心区别 例句 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 过去时只讲过去；完成时强调与现在的关联 I lost the letter.（仅过去）/ I have lost the letter.（现在没了） 现在完成时 vs 一般将来时 完成时指已经发生的经历；将来时指计划 I have finished. / I will finish tomorrow. since vs for since + 起点；for + 时长 since 2020 / for three years have been to vs have gone to been to 曾去过（已回）；gone to 去了（未回） He has been to Beijing.（去过） ⚠ 时态易错： ① 现在完成时不能接具体过去时间（如 yesterday, last year），此类只用过去时；② 第三人称单数用 has，不用 have；③ 不规则动词过去分词要专门记忆（如 send → sent, take → taken, write → written）。 五、核心语法二：被动语态（Passive Voice）★★ 当主语是动作的承受者（而非执行者）时，用被动语态。本单元课文多介绍赛事、培训项目，常用被动语态。 ▍ 1. 被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词（P.P.） 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + P.P. The contest is held in China. 一般过去时 was/were + P.P. The event was held last August. 一般将来时 will be + P.P. The winners will be chosen next week. 现在完成时 have/has been + P.P. The project has been completed. ▍ 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换（三步） 例： 步骤 操作 ① 找宾语 把主动句的宾语（training）提到句首作主语 ② 改谓语 谓语改为 be + 过去分词（is offered） ③ 处理主语 原主语前加 by；若不重要可省略 ▍ 3. 被动语态使用场景（本单元常见） 场景 例句 介绍赛事/项目 The long-term internship program is designed for students. 强调承受者 He was awarded the first prize. 不知道/不必说出执行者 Practical skills are taught in this course. ⚠ 被动语态易错： ① 被动语态的核心是“be + 过去分词”，缺一不可（漏 be 是最常见的错误）；② be 的时态要与句子一致；③ 不及物动词（如 happen, occur）无被动语态。 ★ 时态 + 语态判断口诀：① 先看时间定时态；② 再看主语是“做”还是“被做”——主语是动作承受者就用被动；③ 被动 = be + 过去分词，务必保持 be 的人称、数、时态一致。 六、情景交际：表扬、鼓励与经历介绍 ▍ 1. 表扬与鼓励的表达（本单元核心功能） 功能 句型 表扬表现 Well done! / Good job! / Excellent! / You did a great job. 肯定努力 You have worked really hard. / Your effort has paid off. 表示钦佩 I admire your courage / skills. / That's amazing! 鼓励他人 Keep it up! / Don't give up. / You can do it! / I believe in you. 回应表扬 Thank you. / It's very kind of you to say so. ▍ 2. 介绍实习 / 参赛经历的核心句型 功能 句型 说明经历 I have done an internship at… / I took part in… 说明时间地点 from July 1 to July 31 / at our company / in China 说明职责表现 My position is… / I showed passion for… / made efforts to… 评价结果 I have successfully completed… / He proved to be a good team player. ▍ 3. 完整对话框架（教材仿写） A: How was your summer vacation? B: It was great. I did an internship at a hotel. A: Really? What did you do there? B: I worked as a receptionist. I showed great passion for my work and made efforts to improve my professional skills. A: You have worked really hard. Keep it up! B: Thank you. I hope the experience will help me find a good job. 七、阅读与写作 ▍ 1. 阅读：文本类型与关键词（Reading） 本单元阅读板块围绕“实习、志愿者招募、培训项目”四类真实文本展开，训练“读标题—划关键词—匹配”的技能。 文本类型 关键信息（抓取点） 实习证明 (Internship Certificate) 姓名、专业、实习时间、岗位、表现评价 志愿者招募 (Volunteers Needed) 招募方、条件、语言要求、服务时间 培训项目 (Training Program) 对象、时长、培训内容、可获得证书 酒店实习机会 (Hospitality Internship) 岗位方向、时长、部门（餐饮/客房/前厅） ▍ 2. 写作：志愿者活动日记（A Diary about Volunteer Work） ★ 写作要点（日记格式：日期 + 人称 + 时态）：① 日期与开场（Today / On July 10th…）；② 活动内容（what I did）；③ 感受与评价（I felt… / It was meaningful because…）；④ 收获（I learned that…）。多用现在完成时与一般过去时。 范文：A Volunteer Diary July 10th Sunny Today I worked as a volunteer at the city stadium. I helped the organizers check in the guests and showed them the way to their seats. At first I was a little nervous, but soon I became confident. I have learned a lot from this experience. It was meaningful because I not only improved my communication skills but also made many new friends. I feel proud to be a volunteer and I will keep helping others in the future. 八、高频易错点汇总（考前速查） 类型 易错点 正确表达 词汇 attitude 后介词用错 attitude towards / to（✗ attitude of） 搭配 take part 后缺介词 take part in（✗ take part） 搭配 look forward to 后接动词原形 look forward to doing（✗ to do） 时态 现在完成时 + 具体过去时间 I finished it yesterday.（✗ have finished yesterday） 时态 第三人称用 have He has finished.（✗ He have finished） 语态 被动语态漏掉 be It is held…（✗ It held…） 语态 不及物动词用被动 The accident happened.（✗ was happened） 词形 participate 与 participant 混淆 participate (v.) / participant (n.) 九、分层巩固练习 ▍ A. 词汇与短语填空（基础） 1. He has ________ (apply) for a summer internship, but he hasn't got a reply yet. 2. The training program is ________ (design) for students who want to gain work experience. 3. During his internship, he made great ________ (effort) to improve his skills. 4. She is good ________ communicating with customers. ▍ B. 语法单项选择（提升：时态与语态） 1. —Have you ever taken part in a skill competition? —Yes, I ________. A. have B. did C. do 2. The World Skills Contest ________ in China this August. A. is held B. was held C. will be held 3. He ________ as a volunteer for two years. A. works B. has worked C. worked 4. The certificates ________ to the trainees tomorrow. A. will be given B. are given C. gave 5. I ________ my application last week. A. send B. sent C. have sent ▍ C. 微写作（拓展） 以“My Internship / Volunteer Experience”为题，写一段 5 句话的经历介绍（可用 I have… / I took part in… / I learned that…），注意时态与被动语态的使用。 十、参考答案 ▍ A. 词汇与短语填空 1. applied 2. designed 3. efforts 4. at ▍ B. 单项选择 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B ⚠ 解析要点： 1. 现在完成时问句 Have you…? 简答用 Yes, I have；2. 将来被动（this August / tomorrow 用将来时）；3. for two years 用现在完成时；4. tomorrow 用将来被动；5. last week 用一般过去时。 ▍ C. 微写作（参考框架） Last summer I did an internship at a hotel. I worked as a receptionist. During the internship, I showed great passion for my work and made efforts to improve my communication skills. I have learned a lot from this experience. I feel proud because I have become a good team player. 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $