Unit 4 Our Memory导学案2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“Our Memory”主题展开，核心语法为疑问词引导的宾语从句，通过“谈论记忆内容—讨论记忆问题—学习记忆方法—阅读记忆科普—写作记忆日记”的递进逻辑整合知识点，以精读范文为支架，将零散语法、词汇、句型融入真实语境，帮助学生建立知识关联。 资料亮点在于精读与精练结合，范文语境化呈现语言点助力语言能力提升，分层训练对标中考实现输入输出闭环，通过分析记忆原理与方法培养思维品质，多样化练习设计提升学习能力，便于教师教学与学生自主学习，有效落实单元核心目标。

九年级英语（人教版）上册 · 精读精练学案 Unit 4 Our Memory 本单元主题为“Our Memory”（我们的记忆），属于“人与自我”范畴，涉及“记忆的特点”“记忆问题与解决方法”“记忆的原理与技巧”“美好回忆的情感价值”等子主题。单元以“How can we have a good memory?”和“What do we remember?”为核心问题，围绕“谈论记忆内容—讨论记忆问题—学习记忆方法—阅读记忆科普—写作记忆日记”的递进逻辑展开。 本单元重点语法为疑问词引导的宾语从句（Object Clauses with Question Words），具体包括 what, who, whose, which, when, where, why, how 等疑问词引导的宾语从句。 精读范文是学案的核心支柱——它将单元中零散分布于各板块的语法规则（疑问词宾语从句）、核心词汇、固定搭配、重点句型系统整合为一篇完整的语篇。通过精读该文，学生能够在真实的语境中理解各项语言点的实际用法，建立知识点之间的逻辑关联，而非孤立地记忆语法规则。精练篇章则是学案的落地保障——通过题型对标中考的分层训练，帮助学生将范文中所学的语言知识转化为实际的解题能力和语用能力，实现从输入到输出的完整学习闭环。 The Secret to a Better Memory ①Good morning, everyone. ②Today I would like to share with you some useful ways to improve your memory. ③I wonder how many of you have ever forgotten something important — a friend's birthday, a homework deadline, or where you put your keys. ④Do you know why we forget things? ⑤Scientists have found that our brain has two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. ⑥I can't remember what I ate for breakfast yesterday — that's short-term memory. ⑦But I still remember how I learned to ride a bike when I was a child — that's long-term memory. ⑧Experts can tell us how to boost our memory. ⑨First, pay attention to details. ⑩Many students ask how they can take better notes. ⑪The answer is simple: write down the key points, not every word. ⑫Second, use it or lose it. ⑬Scientists are studying why some memories stay with us for a lifetime while others disappear quickly. ⑭The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. ⑮But I wonder how long we should study without a break. ⑯The answer: about 40 minutes, then take a rest. ⑰Third, make use of your senses. ⑱Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? ⑲Try creating images in your mind, using graphs, or making mind maps. ⑳Scientists have developed many techniques to help us remember better, and they are still studying how memory works. ㉑I don't know why this works, but scientists say it is very effective. ㉒Fourth, stay healthy. ㉓I understand why sleep is important for memory — while you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. ㉔I am not sure how much water I should drink each day, but doctors say 8 glasses is a good start. ㉕Finally, never lose heart. ㉖Please remember that memory can be improved with practice and patience. ㉗I hope you will all find these tips helpful and enjoy a better memory! 【中文翻译】 大家早上好。今天我想和大家分享一些提高记忆力的实用方法。我想知道你们中有多少人曾经忘记过重要的事情——朋友的生日、作业截止日期，或者把钥匙放在哪里了。 你知道我们为什么会忘记事情吗？科学家发现我们的大脑有两种记忆：短期记忆和长期记忆。我记不起昨天早餐吃了什么——那是短期记忆。但我仍然记得小时候是如何学会骑自行车的——那是长期记忆。 专家可以告诉我们如何增强记忆力。首先，注意细节。许多学生问怎样才能更好地做笔记。答案很简单：记下关键点，而不是每个词。 第二，用进废退。科学家们正在研究为什么有些记忆会伴随我们一生，而另一些则会迅速消失。你复习所学内容的次数越多，就越有可能记住它。但我想知道我们应该学习多长时间而不休息。答案是：大约40分钟，然后休息一下。 第三，利用你的感官。你能告诉我怎样才能更好地记住新单词吗？试着在脑海中创建图像、使用图表或制作思维导图。科学家已经开发了许多帮助我们更好地记忆的技巧，他们仍在研究记忆是如何运作的。我不知道为什么这样有效，但科学家说它非常有效。 第四，保持健康。我理解为什么睡眠对记忆很重要——当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理你的记忆。我不确定每天应该喝多少水，但医生说八杯是一个好的开始。 最后，永远不要气馁。请记住，通过练习和耐心，记忆力是可以提高的。我希望你们都能发现这些建议有帮助，并拥有更好的记忆力！ 【读后思考】 1. What are the two kinds of memory mentioned in the passage? 2. What are the five tips for improving memory according to the passage? 3. Why is sleep important for memory according to the passage? 【范文中的核心知识点索引】 加粗知识点 序号 类别 I wonder how many of you have ever forgotten something important ③ how many引导的宾语从句 Do you know why we forget things? ④ why引导的宾语从句 I can't remember what I ate for breakfast yesterday ⑥ what引导的宾语从句 I still remember how I learned to ride a bike ⑦ how引导的宾语从句 Experts can tell us how to boost our memory ⑧ 疑问词+不定式 Many students ask how they can take better notes ⑩ how引导的宾语从句 Scientists are studying why some memories stay with us ⑬ why引导的宾语从句 I wonder how long we should study without a break ⑮ how long引导的宾语从句 Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? ⑱ how引导的宾语从句 Scientists have developed many techniques to help us remember better ⑳ 核心词汇technique I don't know why this works ㉑ why引导的宾语从句 I understand why sleep is important for memory ㉓ why引导的宾语从句 I am not sure how much water I should drink each day ㉔ how much引导的宾语从句 Please remember that memory can be improved ㉖ that引导的宾语从句 I hope you will all find these tips helpful ㉗ short-term memory / long-term memory ⑤ pay attention to ⑨ use it or lose it ⑫ make use of ⑰ never lose heart ㉕ 【范文逐点解析】 ① Good morning, everyone. 解析：演讲稿开场白，用于正式讲话的开头。 例句：Good morning, everyone. Today I'm going to talk about how to improve our memory.（大家早上好。今天我要谈谈如何提高我们的记忆力。） ② Today I would like to share with you some useful ways to improve your memory. 解析：would like to share with you意为“想要与你们分享”，share sth. with sb. 为固定搭配。ways to improve your memory为不定式作定语修饰ways，意为“提高记忆力的方法”。 例句：I would like to share with you some effective techniques to boost your brain power.（我想和大家分享一些提升脑力的有效技巧。） ③ I wonder how many of you have ever forgotten something important — a friend's birthday, a homework deadline, or where you put your keys. 解析：I wonder how many of you have ever forgotten... 为 how many引导的宾语从句，how many在从句中作定语修饰you。have ever forgotten为现在完成时，表示“曾经忘记过”。破折号后列举具体例子，拉近与听众的距离。 例句：I wonder how many students have experienced memory problems in their daily lives.（我想知道有多少学生在日常生活中经历过记忆问题。） ④ Do you know why we forget things? 解析：Do you know why we forget things? 为 why引导的宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。why we forget things为陈述语序（主语we + 谓语forget），而非疑问语序。该句以问句形式引出话题。 例句：Do you know why some people have better memories than others?（你知道为什么有些人的记忆力比其他人好吗？） ⑤ Scientists have found that our brain has two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. 解析：have found that... 为 that引导的宾语从句（Unit 3语法复习）。short-term memory意为“短期记忆”，long-term memory意为“长期记忆”。冒号后解释说明两种记忆的具体名称。 例句：Psychologists have found that our brain stores information in different ways.（心理学家发现我们的大脑以不同的方式储存信息。） ⑥ I can't remember what I ate for breakfast yesterday — that's short-term memory. 解析：I can't remember what I ate for breakfast yesterday 为 what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作ate的宾语。破折号后解释说明——这种容易忘记的信息属于短期记忆。 例句：I can't remember what I read in the newspaper this morning.（我记不起今天早上在报纸上读了什么。） ⑦ But I still remember how I learned to ride a bike when I was a child — that's long-term memory. 解析：I still remember how I learned to ride a bike 为 how引导的宾语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。when I was a child为时间状语从句。破折号后解释说明——这种持久不忘的信息属于长期记忆。该句与⑥句形成对比，生动说明两种记忆的区别。 例句：I still remember how my grandmother taught me to cook her famous dish.（我仍然记得祖母是如何教我烹饪她的拿手菜的。） ⑧ Experts can tell us how to boost our memory. 解析：how to boost our memory为“疑问词+不定式”结构，作tell的直接宾语。该结构相当于“how we can boost our memory”。boost意为“提升、增强”。该句为过渡句，引出后文的具体方法。 例句：Scientists can tell us how to improve our learning efficiency.（科学家可以告诉我们如何提高学习效率。） ⑨ First, pay attention to details. 解析：pay attention to，意为“注意”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词。First引出第一条建议。 例句：You should pay attention to the key points when you take notes.（你做笔记时应该注意关键点。） ⑩ Many students ask how they can take better notes. 解析：Many students ask how they can take better notes 为 how引导的宾语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。take notes意为“做笔记”，为单元核心短语。该句承接⑨句，进一步解释“注意细节”的具体做法。 例句：Many students ask how they can remember new vocabulary more effectively. （许多学生问如何更有效地记住新词汇。） ⑪ The answer is simple: write down the key points, not every word. 解析：write down意为“写下”。key points意为“关键点”，与“every word”（每个词）形成对比——做笔记要抓重点，而非逐字记录。 例句：The best way to take notes is to write down the main ideas, not every sentence.（做笔记的最佳方法是记下主要观点，而不是每个句子。） ⑫ Second, use it or lose it. 解析：use it or lose it为固定表达，意为“用进废退”。Second引出第二条建议。该谚语强调复习的重要性——不使用的记忆会逐渐消失。 例句：Remember, use it or lose it — you need to practice what you have learned regularly.（记住，用进废退——你需要定期练习所学的内容。） ⑬ Scientists are studying why some memories stay with us for a lifetime while others disappear quickly. 解析：Scientists are studying why some memories stay with us... 为 why引导的宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。stay with us for a lifetime意为“伴随我们一生”。while表示对比，意为“而”。该句对比两种记忆的不同命运。 例句：Psychologists are studying why some experiences are more memorable than others.（心理学家正在研究为什么有些经历比其他经历更令人难忘。） ⑭ The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. 解析：the more..., the more... 为比较级句型，意为“越……越……”。review意为“复习”。what you learn为what引导的宾语从句，作review的宾语。该句强调复习与记忆的正相关关系。 例句：The more you practice speaking English, the more fluent you will become.（你练习说英语越多，就会越流利。） ⑮ But I wonder how long we should study without a break. 解析：I wonder how long we should study without a break 为 how long引导的宾语从句，how long在从句中作时间状语。without a break意为“不休息”。该句通过提问引出下文的答案。 例句：I wonder how long it takes to form a new habit.（我想知道养成一个新习惯需要多长时间。） ⑯ The answer: about 40 minutes, then take a rest. 解析：take a rest意为“休息”。40分钟是科学研究的建议学习时长——学习一段时间后需要休息，让大脑有时间巩固记忆。 例句：The best way to study is to work for 40 minutes and then take a short break.（最好的学习方法是学习40分钟，然后短暂休息。） ⑰ Third, make use of your senses. 解析：make use of意为“利用”。senses意为“感官”，包括视觉、听觉、触觉等。Third引出第三条建议——调动多种感官辅助记忆。 例句：You should make use of every opportunity to practice your English.（你应该利用每一个机会练习英语。） ⑱ Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? 解析：Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? 为 how引导的宾语从句，用在委婉问句中。Could you tell me... 是礼貌请求信息的常用句型。remember new words better意为“更好地记住新单词”。 例句：Could you tell me how I can improve my listening skills?（你能告诉我如何提高听力技能吗？） ⑲ Try creating images in your mind, using graphs, or making mind maps. 解析：creating images、using graphs、making mind maps为三个并列的动名词短语，作try的宾语。images意为“图像”，graphs意为“图表”，mind maps意为“思维导图”。这三种方法都属于“调动感官”的具体策略。 例句：You can improve your memory by creating images and making mind maps.（你可以通过创建图像和制作思维导图来提高记忆力。） ⑳ Scientists have developed many techniques to help us remember better, and they are still studying how memory works. 解析：techniques意为“技巧、方法”。how memory works为how引导的宾语从句，作studying的宾语。该句补入technique一词，并与疑问词宾语从句结合，同时补充说明科学研究的持续性。 例句：Researchers have developed many techniques to help students learn more effectively.（研究人员已经开发了许多帮助学生更有效学习的方法。） ㉑ I don't know why this works, but scientists say it is very effective. 解析：I don't know why this works 为 why引导的宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。effective意为“有效的”。but连接两个并列分句——虽然原理不明，但效果确实显著。 例句：I don't know why this method is so effective, but many students have benefited from it.（我不知道为什么这个方法如此有效，但许多学生已经从中受益。） ㉒ Fourth, stay healthy. 解析：Fourth引出第四条建议——保持健康。该建议承接前文，强调身体健康对记忆力的基础性作用。 例句：Fourth, remember that a healthy body leads to a healthy mind.（第四，记住健康的身体带来健康的大脑。） ㉓ I understand why sleep is important for memory — while you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. 解析：I understand why sleep is important for memory 为 why引导的宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。organizes your memories意为“整理你的记忆”。破折号后解释睡眠对记忆的作用机制——大脑在睡眠中整理记忆。 例句：I understand why exercise is important for brain health — it increases blood flow to the brain.（我理解为什么运动对大脑健康很重要——它能增加大脑的血流量。） ㉔ I am not sure how much water I should drink each day, but doctors say 8 glasses is a good start. 解析：I am not sure how much water I should drink each day 为 how much引导的宾语从句，how much在从句中作定语修饰water。how much修饰不可数名词water，意为“多少”。8 glasses is a good start意为“八杯是一个好的开始”。 例句：I am not sure how much time I should spend on homework each day.（我不确定每天应该花多少时间在作业上。） ㉕ Finally, never lose heart. 解析：never lose heart意为“永不气馁”。Finally引出最后一条——态度决定一切，保持信心是提升记忆力的前提。 例句：Never lose heart — everyone can improve their memory with practice.（永不气馁——每个人都可以通过练习提高记忆力。） ㉖ Please remember that memory can be improved with practice and patience. 解析：Please remember that... 为祈使句后接that引导的宾语从句。with practice and patience意为“通过练习和耐心”。 例句：Please remember that Rome was not built in a day — learning takes time.（请记住罗马不是一天建成的——学习需要时间。） ㉗ I hope you will all find these tips helpful and enjoy a better memory! 解析：I hope you will all find these tips helpful 为that引导的宾语从句（that省略）。find + 宾语 + 宾补结构，these tips为宾语，helpful为宾补。该句为全文总结句——以美好的祝愿结尾。 例句：I hope you will all find this book useful and enjoy reading it.（我希望你们都会发现这本书有用，并享受阅读它。） （一）重点词汇 词汇 词性 释义 词形变换 用法与搭配要点 memory n. 记忆、记忆力、回忆 memorize (v.) 记住；memorable (adj.) 难忘的 have a good/poor memory 记忆力好/差 forget v. 忘记 forgot (过去式)；forgotten (过去分词)；forgetful (adj.) 健忘的 forget to do（忘记要做）；forget doing（忘记做过） remember v. 记住、回想起 — remember to do（记得要做）；remember doing（记得做过） improve v. 提高、改善 improvement (n.) 提高 improve one's memory 提高记忆力 boost v. 提升、增强、促进 — boost one's memory/confidence 提升记忆力/信心 review v. 复习 — review what you have learned 复习所学内容 organize v. 整理、组织 organization (n.) 组织；organized (adj.) 有条理的 organize one's thoughts/memories 整理思路/记忆 detail n. 细节 detailed (adj.) 详细的 pay attention to details 注意细节 technique n. 技巧、方法 — memory techniques 记忆技巧 effective adj. 有效的 effectively (adv.) 有效地；effect (n.) 效果 be effective in doing 在做……方面有效 stress n. 压力 — under stress 在压力下 stable adj. 稳定的、稳固的 stability (n.) 稳定性 stable memory 稳定的记忆 recognize v. 认出、识别 recognition (n.) 识别 recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/某物 recall v. 回忆起、回想起 — recall doing 回想起做过某事 panic v. 慌张、惊慌 — don't panic 不要慌张 lecture n. 讲座、讲课 — attend/give a lecture 听/做讲座 （二）重点短语 短语 释义 例句 注意事项 short-term memory 短期记忆 Short-term memory helps you remember things for a short time. 反义词：long-term memory long-term memory 长期记忆 Long-term memory can last for years or even a lifetime. 反义词：short-term memory pay attention to 注意 Pay attention to the key points. to为介词，后接名词/动名词 take notes 做笔记 Taking notes helps you remember better. 同义：make notes make use of 利用 Make use of your senses to remember. 同义：take advantage of use it or lose it 用进废退 The more you use your memory, the better it becomes. 固定表达 never lose heart 永不气馁 Never lose heart — you can improve. 同义：never give up run out (of) 用完、耗尽 The milk has run out. run out（不及物）vs. run out of（及物） mix up 混淆、弄乱 I often mix up these two words. go through 经历、仔细检查 She went through many difficulties. keep...in mind 牢记…… Keep the rules in mind. happen to 发生于、碰巧 What happened to you? happen to后接sb./sth. react to 对……作出反应 How did she react to the news? react为不及物动词 divide...into... 把……分成…… Divide the speech into short sections. （三）重点句型 句型 结构 例句 考点说明 I wonder + wh-从句 疑问词引导宾语从句（想知道） I wonder how many of you have forgotten something. wh-词在从句中充当成分，不可省略 Could you tell me + wh-从句 疑问词引导宾语从句（礼貌询问） Could you tell me how I can remember better? 宾语从句用陈述语序 I am not sure + wh-从句 疑问词引导宾语从句（不确定） I am not sure how much water I should drink. 表“不确定” Do you know + wh-从句 疑问词引导宾语从句（询问信息） Do you know why we forget things? wh-词不可省略 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词+不定式作宾语 Experts can tell us how to boost our memory. 可转化为“疑问词+主语+谓语” the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……越…… The more you review, the better you remember. 比较级句型 have trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难 Many students have trouble remembering. in可省略 （四）单元语法：疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. 核心概念 在复合句中，用作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。本单元重点学习由 疑问代词（what, who, whom, whose, which）和疑问副词（when, where, why, how）引导的宾语从句。 基本结构：主语 + 谓语 + 疑问词 + 从句（陈述语序） 2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句 连接代词 在从句中充当的成分 例句 what 主语、宾语、表语 I can't remember what I ate for breakfast. who 主语、宾语 Do you know who will come tomorrow? whose 定语 He asked whose bike this was. which 主语、宾语、定语 I wonder which one she chose. 3. 连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接副词 在从句中充当的成分 例句 when 时间状语 Do you know when they will arrive? where 地点状语 Could you tell me where you bought it? why 原因状语 I don't know why he hasn't come. how 方式状语 Could you tell me how I can read this word? how many/much/long 定语/状语 I wonder how many students are here. 4. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须用陈述语序，即“疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语”的顺序。 ✘ I wonder what is he doing.（疑问语序，错误） ✔ I wonder what he is doing.（陈述语序，正确） ✘ Could you tell me where does she live?（疑问语序，错误） ✔ Could you tell me where she lives?（陈述语序，正确） 5. 疑问词作主语与作状语的区别（易错点） 情况 语序 例句 疑问词作主语 疑问词 + 谓语（本身就是陈述语序） I wonder who came to the party.（who作主语） 疑问词作状语 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 I wonder how he came to the party.（how作方式状语） 易错辨析： I wonder who came. → who是疑问词，但在从句中作主语，所以直接用“who + 谓语”，不需加助动词。 I wonder who he is. → who在从句中作表语，主语是he，所以用“who + 主语 + 谓语”。 6. 疑问词不可省略 与that引导的宾语从句不同，疑问词在宾语从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、状语等），因此不可省略。 ✘ I wonder you can help me.（缺少疑问词，错误） ✔ I wonder if you can help me.（有引导词，正确） ✘ Can you tell me the library is?（缺少疑问词，错误） ✔ Can you tell me where the library is?（有疑问词，正确） 7. 时态呼应 主句为一般现在时 → 从句可用任何所需时态： I wonder where he is now. I wonder where he went yesterday. I wonder where he will go tomorrow. 主句为一般过去时 → 从句用相应的过去时态： He asked where she lived. He asked what she had bought. 8. 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词后可接不定式，相当于一个宾语从句： I don't know how to do it. = I don't know how I should do it. Could you tell me what to do? = Could you tell me what I should do? 9. 常见错误警示 错例1：宾语从句误用疑问语序 错句：I wonder what is she doing. 正句：I wonder what she is doing. 解析：疑问词引导的宾语从句必须用陈述语序（疑问词+主语+谓语），助动词不能提前到主语之前。该句is应放在she之后。 同类错误： Could you tell me where does she live? → Could you tell me where she lives? I don't know when will he come. → I don't know when he will come. 错例2：疑问词在宾语从句中省略 错句：I don't know she is. 正句：I don't know who she is. 解析：疑问词在宾语从句中充当成分（who作表语），不可省略。若省略who，则从句缺少表语，结构不完整。 同类错误： Can you tell me the library is? → Can you tell me where the library is? I wonder she went. → I wonder where she went. 错例3：how many/much后名词位置错误 错句：I wonder how many students are there in the room. 正句：I wonder how many students there are in the room. 解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，there be句型在宾语从句中应为“there are”，而非“are there”。学生在转换时容易保留疑问句的倒装语序。 同类错误： I wonder how much water is there in the bottle. → I wonder how much water there is in the bottle. 错例4：疑问词作主语与作状语的混淆 错句：I wonder who did he meet at the party. 正句：I wonder who he met at the party. 解析：who在从句中作宾语（met的宾语），主语为he，故用“who + he + met”。若who作主语（如I wonder who came），则直接用“who + came”，不加助动词。 同类错误： I wonder what does she like. → I wonder what she likes.（what作宾语） I wonder who is he. → I wonder who he is.（who作表语） （五）写作常用句式 1. 引出记忆话题 ① I wonder how many of you have ever forgotten something important. 我想知道你们中有多少人曾经忘记过重要的事情。 ② Do you know why we forget things? 你知道我们为什么会忘记事情吗？ 2. 描述记忆类型 ③ Our brain has two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. 我们的大脑有两种记忆：短期记忆和长期记忆。 ④ I can't remember what I ate for breakfast — that's short-term memory. 我记不起早餐吃了什么——那是短期记忆。 ⑤ I still remember how I learned to ride a bike — that's long-term memory. 我仍然记得如何学会骑自行车——那是长期记忆。 3. 提出记忆建议 ⑥ Experts can tell us how to boost our memory. 专家可以告诉我们如何增强记忆力。 ⑦ Pay attention to details when you take notes. 你做笔记时要注意细节。 ⑧ The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. 你复习所学内容越多，就越有可能记住它。 ⑨ Make use of your senses — create images, use graphs, or make mind maps. 利用你的感官——创建图像、使用图表或制作思维导图。 4. 表达不确定与询问 ⑩ I wonder how long we should study without a break. 我想知道我们应该学习多长时间而不休息。 ⑪ Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? 你能告诉我怎样才能更好地记住新单词吗？ ⑫ I am not sure how much water I should drink each day. 我不确定每天应该喝多少水。 5. 总结与鼓励 ⑬ Never lose heart — memory can be improved with practice and patience. 永不气馁——通过练习和耐心，记忆力是可以提高的。 ⑭ Please remember that a healthy lifestyle is important for a good memory. 请记住健康的生活方式对良好的记忆力很重要。 一、选词填空 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。 why，what，how，why，how，attention，better，why，organize，long Do you know 1. ______ we sometimes forget things? Scientists have found that our brain has two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. I can't remember 2. ______ I read in the newspaper this morning — that's short-term memory. But I still remember 3. ______ I learned to swim when I was a child — that's long-term memory. Many students ask 4. ______ they can improve their memory. First, pay 5. ______ to details when you take notes. Second, use it or lose it — the more you review, the 6. ______ you will remember. I wonder how 7. ______ we should study without a break. The answer is about 40 minutes. Third, make use of your senses. Try creating images or making mind maps. I don't know 8. ______ this works, but it is very effective. Fourth, stay healthy. I understand 9. ______ sleep is important for memory — while you sleep, your brain 10. ______ your memories. 二、短文填空（首字母提示） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文和首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Do you know w 1 we sometimes forget things? Our brain has two kinds of memory: short-term memory and l 2 -term memory. I can't remember w 3 I ate for breakfast yesterday — that's short-term memory. But I still remember h 4 I learned to ride a bike — that's long-term memory. Many students don't know w 5 to do to improve their memory. First, pay a 6 to details when you take notes. Second, u 7 it or lose it — the more you review, the better you will remember. Third, make u 8 of your senses. Try creating images or making mind maps. Fourth, stay healthy. I understand w 9 sleep is important for memory — while you sleep, your brain o 10 your memories. Finally, never lose heart — memory can be improved with practice and patience. 三、句型转换 按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. I wonder, “How many of you have forgotten something important?”（改为宾语从句） I wonder ______ ______ of you have forgotten something important. 2. “What did you eat for breakfast?” I can't remember.（合并为宾语从句） I can't remember ______ I ______ for breakfast. 3. “How can I remember new words better?” Could you tell me?（合并为宾语从句） Could you tell me ______ I ______ remember new words better? 4. “Why is sleep important for memory?” I understand.（合并为宾语从句） I understand ______ sleep ______ important for memory. 5. I don't know how to solve this problem.（改为同义句，用宾语从句） I don't know ______ I ______ solve this problem. 6. The more you review, the better you will remember.（改为同义句，用if） ______ you review more, you ______ remember better. 四、补全对话 阅读下面对话，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话（有两项多余）。 A. Could you tell me how I can remember new words better? B. I wonder why I always forget things. C. That's a good idea! I'll try that. D. Do you know what short-term memory is? E. I am not sure how much time I should spend on it. F. What do you mean by “use it or lose it”? G. I suggest that you review what you have learned regularly. Student A and Student B are talking about memory problems. A: Hey, you look worried. What's the matter? B: 1. ______ I studied for the history test for two hours, but I can't remember most of what I read. A: That's because you didn't review it. 2. ______ B: 3. ______ I mean, how often should I review? A: You should review what you have learned within 24 hours. The more you review, the better you will remember. B: I see. 4. ______ A: You can use flashcards or make mind maps. They are very effective. B: 5. ______ Thanks for your advice! 五、完成句子 根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我想知道你们中有多少人曾经忘记过重要的事情。 I ______ how many of you have ever ______ something important. 2. 你知道我们为什么会忘记事情吗？ Do you know ______ we ______ things? 3. 我记不起昨天早餐吃了什么。 I can't remember ______ I ______ for breakfast yesterday. 4. 我仍然记得小时候是如何学会骑自行车的。 I still remember ______ I ______ to ride a bike when I was a child. 5. 许多学生问如何才能更好地做笔记。 Many students ask ______ they can take ______ notes. 6. 专家可以告诉我们如何增强记忆力。 Experts can tell us ______ to ______ our memory. 7. 我想知道我们应该学习多长时间而不休息。 I wonder ______ ______ we should study without a break. 8. 你能告诉我怎样才能更好地记住新单词吗？ ______ you tell me ______ I can remember new words better? 9. 我不知道为什么这样有效。 I ______ know ______ this works. 10. 你学得越多，就记得越好。 ______ more you learn, the ______ you will remember. 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各项任务。 How to Boost Your Memory Would you like to improve your memory? To start with, it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory helps you remember things that you may only need for a short time, like phone numbers when you need to make a phone call. Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days, years, or even a lifetime. So the real question is: How do you make sure what you learn enters your long-term memory? By using some clever memory techniques and leading a healthy life, you will see some great results. First, pay attention. However, you might fail to remember all the details. So, try taking notes by writing down key points. After all, it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage. Second, use it or lose it. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. However, you should not wear out your brain. Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break. You can also review information by discussing it with others or by teaching others. A third way is to make use of your senses. Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps to organize information. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. In addition, make use of your other senses. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. Sleep well. While you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. Eat well. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. 任务一：根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写T，错误的写F。 1. Short-term memory helps you remember things for a long time. （　） 2. Taking notes by writing down key points is a good way to remember details. （　） 3. The more you review what you learn, the less likely you will remember it. （　） 4. You should study for 40 minutes and then take a break. （　） 5. Listening to recorded information can help improve your memory. （　） 任务二：根据短文内容，用完整句子回答下列问题。 6. What are the two main kinds of memory mentioned in the passage? 7. Why should we take notes by writing down key points? 8. How long should we study before taking a break? 9. What can we do to make use of our senses? 10. Why is sleep important for memory? 任务三：根据短文内容，完成下面的信息梳理（每空不超过四个词）。 Information Details Two kinds of memory Short-term memory and 11. _____________ First tip 12. ____________ attention Second tip Use it or 13. ____________ it How to make use of senses Create images, graphs, and 14. ____________ Why sleep is important Your brain 15. ____________ your memories while you sleep 任务四：将文中画线句子翻译成中文。 16. ____________________________________________________________________ 任务五：开放性回答问题。 17. What memory problems do you have in your daily life? What methods would you like to try to improve your memory? （请用完整句子回答，观点明确，理由充分。） 参考答案与解析 精读范文读后思考 1. The two kinds of memory are short-term memory and long-term memory. 2. The five tips are: (1) pay attention to details; (2) use it or lose it (review regularly); (3) make use of your senses; (4) stay healthy; (5) never lose heart. 3. Sleep is important because while you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. 一、选词填空 1. why —— 句意：你知道我们为什么会忘记事情吗？引导宾语从句，作原因状语。从句“we forget things”结构完整，缺少表示“原因”的连接词。若填how则语义为“如何忘记”，不符合语境。 2. what —— 句意：我记不起今天早上在报纸上读了什么。引导宾语从句，在从句中作read的宾语。从句“I read ___ in the newspaper”缺少宾语，需填what。若填how/why则从句结构不完整。 3. how —— 句意：我仍然记得小时候是如何学会游泳的。引导宾语从句，作方式状语。从句“I learned to swim”结构完整，缺少表示“方式”的连接词。what无法充当状语。 4. how —— 句意：许多学生问如何提高记忆力。引导宾语从句，作方式状语。从句“they can improve their memory”结构完整，缺少表示“方式”的连接词。 5. attention —— 固定搭配：pay attention to，意为“注意”。句意：做笔记时注意细节。 6. better —— 固定结构：the + 比较级，the + 比较级，意为“越……越……”。句意：你复习得越多，就记得越好。better为well的比较级。 7. long —— 句意：我想知道我们应该学习多长时间而不休息。how long为固定搭配，对时间段提问。从句中“we should study”已有完整主谓结构，需用how long作时间状语。 8. why —— 句意：我不知道为什么这样有效。引导宾语从句，作原因状语。从句“this works”结构完整，询问有效的原因。 9. why —— 句意：我理解为什么睡眠对记忆很重要。引导宾语从句，作原因状语。从句“sleep is important for memory”结构完整，询问“重要”的原因。 10. organizes —— 句意：大脑整理你的记忆。主谓一致：主语your brain为单数，谓语用第三人称单数organizes。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 二、短文填空（首字母提示） 1. why —— Do you know why...为why引导的宾语从句，表示“为什么”。 2. long —— long-term memory为“长期记忆”，与short-term memory相对。 3. what —— what引导宾语从句，在从句中作ate的宾语，表示“什么”。 4. how —— how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”。 5. what —— what to do表示“做什么”，此处考查what引导的宾语从句（what to do = what I can do）。 6. attention —— pay attention to为固定短语，意为“注意”。 7. use —— use it or lose it为固定表达，意为“用进废退”。 8. use —— make use of为固定短语，意为“利用”。 9. why —— why引导宾语从句，在从句中作原因状语，表示“为什么”。 10. organizes —— organize意为“整理”，主语your brain为单数，用第三人称单数organizes。 三、句型转换 1. how many —— 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，保留疑问词how many，从句用陈述语序。 2. what; ate —— what引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序what I ate，时态为一般过去时。 3. how; can —— how引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序I can。 4. why; is —— why引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序sleep is。 5. how; can/should —— 疑问词+不定式转化为宾语从句，how + 主语 + can/should + 动词原形。 6. If; will —— if引导条件状语从句，主将从现：从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 四、补全对话 1. B —— 上文说“你看起来很担心”，下文说“我学了两个小时历史，但记不住大部分内容”，应表达“我想知道为什么我总是忘记事情”。I wonder why I always forget things.符合。 2. G —— 上文说“你没有复习”，下文问“多久复习一次”，中间应建议“定期复习所学内容”。I suggest that you review what you have learned regularly.符合。 3. F —— 下文解释“24小时内复习”，上文应问“你说‘用进废退’是什么意思”。What do you mean by “use it or lose it”?符合。 4. A —— 下文回答“你可以使用抽认卡或制作思维导图”，上文应问“你能告诉我怎样才能更好地记住新单词吗”。Could you tell me how I can remember new words better?符合。 5. C —— 上文提出建议，下文感谢，中间应表达“好主意！我会试试”。That's a good idea! I'll try that.符合。 五、完成句子 1. wonder; forgotten —— I wonder how many...；have ever forgotten。 2. why; forget —— Do you know why...；why引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。 3. what; ate —— what引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序what I ate。 4. how; learned —— how引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序how I learned。 5. how; better —— how引导宾语从句；take better notes。 6. how; boost —— how to boost为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 7. how long —— how long引导宾语从句，表示“多长时间”。 8. Could; how —— Could you tell me...为委婉问句；how引导宾语从句。 9. don't; why —— I don't know why...，why引导宾语从句。 10. The; better —— the more..., the better...为比较级句型。 六、任务型阅读 任务一 1. F —— 原文“Short-term memory helps you remember things that you may only need for a short time”说明短期记忆帮助记住短期需要的东西，而非长期。 2. T —— 原文“try taking notes by writing down key points”直接对应。 3. F —— 原文“The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it”说明复习越多越可能记住，而非越少。 4. T —— 原文“Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break”直接对应。 5. T —— 原文“listening to recorded information can be very effective”直接对应。 任务二 6. The two main kinds of memory are short-term memory and long-term memory. 7. Because it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage. 解析：原文“it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage”直接提取。 8. We should study for 40 minutes before taking a break. 解析：原文“Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break”直接提取。 9. We can create images, use tables, graphs, and mind maps, or listen to recorded information. 解析：原文“Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps... listening to recorded information can be very effective”直接提取。 10. Because while you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. 解析：原文“While you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory”直接提取。 任务三 11. long-term memory —— 原文“There are two main kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory”直接提取。 12. Pay —— 原文“First, pay attention”直接提取。 13. lose —— 原文“Second, use it or lose it”直接提取。 14. mind maps —— 原文“Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps”直接提取。 15. organizes —— 原文“your brain organizes your memories”直接提取。 任务四 16. 你复习所学内容越多，就越有可能记住它。 解析：the more..., the more...为比较级句型，意为“越……越……”；what you learn为what引导的宾语从句。 任务五 17. Sample answer: I often have trouble remembering new English words. I learn them one day but forget them the next day. To improve my memory, I would like to try making mind maps and reviewing what I have learned every day. I also plan to use flashcards to help me remember new words. I believe that with practice and patience, my memory will get better. 评分参考：能清楚说明自己的记忆问题计2分；能提出具体可行的改进方法计2分；语言表达正确、观点完整计1分。满分5分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $