摘要:
本讲义围绕“人与自然——世界自然奇观”主题,系统梳理景观地理类核心词汇(如border、distance)、短语(be located in、be known as),通过阅读旅行社宣传册语篇理解《Wonders of Nature》,重点讲解直接引语与间接引语转换规则(引导词、时态、人称变化),并结合情景交际与景点介绍写作,构建从词汇到语用的学习支架。
该资料以四维学习目标为框架,突出语言能力(词汇语法运用)、文化意识(中外自然奇观认知与保护观念)、思维品质(比较景观特征、归纳结构化表达)的培养。如间接引语中客观真理时态不变的专项讲解,结合游客采访对话实例,课中辅助教师分层教学,课后助力学生通过高频易错点汇总查漏补缺,提升学习效率。
内容正文:
Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World · 讲义
Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World讲义
00 学习导航 · 重难点总览
⚠ 单元主题与目标
主题:
人与自然——世界自然奇观(石林、伊瓜苏瀑布、东非大裂谷、喜马拉雅山、茶卡盐湖等)。
以旅行社宣传册、记者采访游客/导游的对话为语篇载体,训练“询问、介绍、推荐自然景观”的语言能力,树立与自然和谐共生的意识。
① 学习目标(四维)
维度
目标内容
语言能力
掌握景观、地理类核心词汇与短语,能听懂、读懂有关自然奇观的介绍与采访,就景观位置、特征进行问答。
文化意识
了解中外世界自然奇观及其地理文化背景,尊重自然、树立保护自然与可持续发展的观念。
思维品质
能比较三处景观的位置、形成、数据特征,归纳景观介绍的结构化表达方式。
学习能力
通过采访、转述等活动,学会用间接引语整理与传递信息。
② 重点难点一览
类型
内容说明
★ 重点
景观地理类词汇(border, distance, range, rift, impressive, towering 等);短语 be located in / be known as / be home to / be filled with;课文《Wonders of Nature》理解。
★★ 难点
核心语法:直接引语与间接引语的转换——引导词、人称、时态倒退、时间/地点状语变化,以及客观真理时态不变的特殊规则。
高频考点
语法填空中的词形转换(wide→width, locate→located, vary→variety);间接引语陈述语序;客观事实时态不倒退。
01 核心词汇精讲
① 核心名词(地理·景观·动物·旅游,考试高频)
单词 / 音标
词义与搭配 · 例句
border /ˈbɔːdə(r)/
n. 边界、边境
national border 国境;cross the border 越境
The mountain lies on the border of two countries.(此山位于两国边境。)
distance /ˈdɪstəns/
n. 距离、远方;distant adj. 遥远的
in the distance / from a distance 从远处
These stones look like a forest from a distance.
fall /fɔːl/
n. 瀑布(常用复数 falls)
Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布;water falls 瀑布
The falls are 1.7 miles long.(瀑布长 1.7 英里。)
rift /rɪft/
n. 裂缝、裂谷
the Great Rift Valley 东非大裂谷
It is the longest rift in the world.
width /wɪdθ/
n. 宽度;wide adj. 宽的;widen v. 加宽
vary in width 宽度各异
No one knows the exact width of the rift.
destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 目的地、终点
travel destination 旅行目的地
The Grand Canyon is a popular destination.
figure /ˈfɪɡə/
n. 人物;体型;(人的)体形
a historical figure 历史人物;human figures 人物造型
The stones developed into plants, animals and human figures.
buffalo /ˈbʌfələʊ/
n. 水牛(复数 buffaloes)
wild buffalo 野水牛
…from lions and elephants to the African buffalo.
gorilla /ɡəˈrɪlə/
n. 大猩猩
mountain gorilla 山地大猩猩
…and mountain gorillas.
devil /ˈdevl/
n. 魔鬼
the Devil’s Throat 魔鬼咽喉
The most impressive part is called “The Devil’s Throat”.
② 核心形容词(描绘自然风光,写作高频)
单词
词义与拓展
impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/
adj. 令人印象深刻的 → impress v. / impression n.;an impressive view 震撼的景色
lifelike /ˈlaɪflaɪk/
adj. 栩栩如生的、逼真的(life + like);lifelike stone figures 栩栩如生的石像
towering /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/
adj. 高耸的 → tower v. 高耸;towering mountains 巍峨群山
unique /juːˈniːk/
adj. 独特的、独一无二的;unique scenery 独特风光(⚠ 无比较级/最高级)
flat-topped /ˌflæt ˈtɒpt/
adj. 平顶的(复合形容词);a flat-topped mountain 平顶山
③ 核心动词(语法填空词形变换核心)
单词
词义与变形 · 搭配
locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/
v. 位于、定位 → located adj. 坐落于;be located in / on 位于;过去分词作后置定语
lie /laɪ/
v. 位于、坐落(lay / lain / lying);lie in / on / to 坐落于;⚠ 勿与 lay 混淆
range /reɪndʒ/
v. (在……内)变动、延伸;range from…to… 从……到……不等
vary /ˈveərɪ/
v. 不同、变化 → variety n. 多样性;various adj. 各种各样的;vary in width 宽度不同
attract /əˈtrækt/
v. 吸引 → attraction n. 景点;attract tourists 吸引游客
discover /dɪsˈkʌvə(r)/
v. 发现 → discovery n. 发现;discover wild animals 发现野生动物
claim /kleɪm/
v. 声称、宣称;claim that…;Many travelers claim…(课文原句)
forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/
v. & n. 预测、预报;forecast the weather 预报天气
interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/
v. & n. 采访;interview tourists 采访游客
④ 词形转换必背表
动词 / 原词
名词
形容词 / 其他
locate
location 位置
located 坐落于(be located in)
vary
variety 多样性
various 各种各样的
wide
width 宽度
wide / widen v. 拓宽
impress
impression 印象
impressive 令人印象深刻的
attract
attraction 景点 / 吸引力
attractive 有吸引力的
discover
discovery 发现
—
deep
depth 深度
deep / deepen v. 加深
⑤ 重点辨析
1. be located in / lie in / stand in:三者都表“位于”,located 为过去分词作表语最常用;lie 为不及物动词,注意 lied(撒谎)/ lay(放置)的形近干扰。
1. be known as / be known for / be famous for:be known as = 被称作(身份/名称);be known/famous for = 因……而出名(原因)。如 The Stone Forest is known as a wonder;It is famous for its lifelike stones.
1. range from…to… / vary from…to…:range 强调“在某一范围内变动”,vary 强调“彼此不同”,都接 from…to…。
⚠ 易错提醒
① “瀑布”作“一处瀑布景观”常用复数 falls(Iguassu Falls, Niagara Falls),谓语动词可用单数/复数;
② distance 前的介词:in the distance(在远处);from a distance(从远处)— 两者含义不同,不可混用;
③ unique 意为“独一无二的”,本身已含最高级意义,不加 more / most。
02 核心短语与固定搭配
短语
含义与例句
work out
设计出、拟定;Our travel agency has worked out a list of natural wonders.
travel agency
旅行社;a list of… 一份……清单
be located in / on
坐落于……;located on the border between… 位于……边境
be known as
被称为、被誉为;known as one of the world’s greatest wonders
be famous / known for
因……而出名;famous for its lifelike stones
from / in the distance
从/在远处;look like a forest from a distance
a wide variety of
丰富多样的;a wide variety of wildlife
be home to
是……的家园 / 所在地;The rift is home to lots of wildlife.
be filled with
充满;filled with surprises(课文原句)
range / vary from…to…
从……到……变动;range from 197 to 269 feet high
point to
指向;if Qiyun is pointing to the west
according to
根据……;According to the travel brochure…
cover an area of
占地面积为……;covers an area of 105 square kilometers
be regarded as
被视作;regarded as the eastern gateway to…
more than (just)
不仅仅;This place is more than just beautiful.
⚠ 搭配易错框
① “以……而出名”用 be famous/known for(接名词/doing),不是 be famous as;
② “从远处看”是 from a distance,不是 from distance(需冠词);
③ work out 在本单元意为“拟定、设计”,勿误译为“解出 / 锻炼”。
03 阅读精读:《Wonders of Nature》
⚠ 语篇导读
语篇类型:旅行社宣传册(总分式说明文)。开篇以问句引出“自然奇观清单”,随后分三段依次介绍中国石林、伊瓜苏瀑布、东非大裂谷,结构清晰、层层分明。
① 课文原文与译文(节选)
Want a trip to discover the natural world? Our travel agency has worked out a list of natural wonders for your travel destinations.
想来一场探索自然世界的旅行吗?我们旅行社已为你的旅行目的地拟定了一份自然奇观清单。
The first wonder … is the Stone Forest in China, which lies about 80 miles from Kunming city. … They are all lifelike. These 20–50 meters high stones look like a forest from a distance. That’s why people call it “Stone Forest”.
我们要介绍的第一处奇观是中国石林,位于昆明市约 80 英里外……它们全都栩栩如生。这些高 20–50 米的巨石从远处望去就像一片森林,这就是它被称作“石林”的原因。
The second wonder is Iguassu Falls, located on the border between Brazil and Argentina and known as one of the world’s greatest wonders. … “We have visited many waterfalls, and the Iguassu Falls are the most beautiful and powerful waterfalls we’ve ever seen”, many of our travelers said.
第二处奇观是伊瓜苏瀑布,位于巴西与阿根廷的边境,被誉为世界最壮观的奇观之一……“我们看过许多瀑布,伊瓜苏瀑布是我们见过最美丽、最壮观的”,许多游客说。
The last wonder … is the Great Rift Valley which can be seen from space, the longest rift in the world with a length of 6,400 kilometers along East Africa. … “This place is more than just beautiful. It is filled with surprises”, many travelers claim.
最后一处奇观是东非大裂谷,它从太空可见,是世界上最长的裂谷,沿东非延伸 6400 公里……“这里不只是美丽,它充满了惊喜”,许多游客声称。
② 长难句拆解与仿写
原句
拆解与考点
The first wonder (that) we will introduce to you is the Stone Forest in China, which lies about 80 miles from Kunming city.
① (that) we will introduce to you 定语从句,关系代词作 introduce 的宾语可省;先行词 wonder;
② which lies… 非限制性定语从句,which 指代 the Stone Forest;
③ lie v. 位于,语法填空常考 lies / lying。
These 20–50 meters high stones look like a forest from a distance.
① 复合形容词 20–50 meters high 作前置定语;
② look like 看起来像;from a distance 从远处。
…located on the border between Brazil and Argentina and known as one of the world’s greatest wonders.
① located…、known as… 两个过去分词短语并列作后置定语;
② between…and… 两者之间。
It varies in width from 30 to 100 kilometers and ranges from 500 feet below sea level to towering, snow-covered mountains.
① vary in width / range from…to… 并列谓语;
② snow-covered 复合形容词“被雪覆盖的”。
③ 三处奇观信息对照表
奇观
位置
关键特征
Stone Forest 石林
中国,昆明约 80 英里外
历经 2.8 亿年形成;高 20–50 m;形似植物/动物/人物;lifelike
Iguassu Falls 伊瓜苏瀑布
巴西与阿根廷边境
长 1.7 英里,高 197–269 英尺;“Devil’s Throat”魔鬼咽喉
Great Rift Valley 东非大裂谷
沿东非,长 6400 公里
世界最长裂谷,太空可见;宽 30–100 km;野生动物家园
04 核心语法:直接引语与间接引语(★★重点·难点)
① 概念区分
类型
定义
标志
例句
直接引语 Direct Speech
原封不动引用说话人的原话
有双引号 "...”
Many travelers said, "The Great Rift Valley is full of surprises."
间接引语 Indirect / Reported Speech
用自己的话转述他人话语,改为宾语从句
去掉引号,加引导词
Many travelers said (that) the Great Rift Valley was full of surprises.
本单元场景:游客、导游、记者对自然景观的评价与采访,转述时多用间接引语。
② 四大核心变化(直接引语 → 间接引语)
变化 1:引导词
直接引语句式
间接引语引导词
陈述句
加 that(口语/写作可省略);said → told sb.
一般疑问句
whether / if(是否);said → asked
特殊疑问句
保留原疑问词(what/when/where/how…),不用 that/if
祈使句
ask / tell / order sb. (not) to do sth.
变化 2:人称(口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新)
✅ 人称变化口诀
① 一随主:
引号内的 I / we → 随主句主语;
② 二随宾:
引号内的 you → 随主句宾语(无宾语时按语境);
③ 第三人称不更新:
he / she / it / 人名 / 地名 → 不变。
变化 3:时态(主句为过去时,从句时态“倒退一格”)
直接引语(原时态)
间接引语(主句过去时)
例句
一般现在时
一般过去时
says → said: …the Stone Forest lies → …the Stone Forest lay
一般将来时
过去将来时
will go → would go
现在进行时
过去进行时
is visiting → was visiting
一般过去时
过去完成时
went → had gone
现在完成时
过去完成时
have seen → had seen
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
had done → had done
⚠ ⚠ 客观真理 / 固定地理事实——时态不变(本单元最高频考点)
当转述的是客观真理、固定地理事实、经常性习惯时,即使主句为过去时,从句时态也不倒退:
The guide said, “The Stone Forest lies in Kunming.”
→ The guide said (that) the Stone Forest lies in Kunming.(地理事实,仍用一般现在时)
He said, “The Great Rift Valley runs through East Africa.” → …the Great Rift Valley runs through East Africa.(固定地理,不变)
变化 4:指示代词 / 时间 / 地点状语
类别
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this / these
that / those
时间
now / today / tomorrow / yesterday / ago
then / that day / the next day / the day before / before
地点
here
there
方向动词
come / bring
go / take
③ 四类句式转换精讲(结合本单元景观例句)
类型
直接引语 → 间接引语
要点拆解
陈述句
Many travelers claimed, “This rift has unique scenery.”
→ Many travelers claimed (that) that rift had unique scenery.
加 that(可省);this→that;has → had;第三人称 rift 不变。
一般疑问句
The reporter asked the tourist, “Do you find the falls impressive?”
→ The reporter asked the tourist if/whether he found the falls impressive.
if/whether 引导;语序改陈述语序;you→he;find → found。
特殊疑问句
The guide asked us, “How wide is the Devil’s Throat?”
→ The guide asked us how wide the Devil’s Throat was.
保留 how wide;不用 if/that;疑问语序 → 陈述语序;is → was。
祈使句
The guide said to visitors, “Walk carefully on the shallow lake.”
→ The guide told visitors to walk carefully on the shallow lake.
said to sb. → told sb.;动词原形 → to do;否定:not to do。
④ 高考 / 学业水平考易错点专项
① 陈述语序陷阱:
间接引语一律用陈述语序,不能保留疑问倒装。
错:He asked where was the Stone Forest. 对:He asked where the Stone Forest was.
② 只用 whether 不用 if:
后接 or / or not、与不定式连用、在介词后时只用 whether。
③ 主句为现在时(says / tells):
从句时态无需变化。
④ 情态动词变化:
can→could, may→might, will→would, must→had to(表示“必须”时)。
✅ 三步判断法(做题通用)
第 1 步:看主句时态 —— said/told/asked(过去式)→ 需倒退;says/tells(现在式)→ 不变;
第 2 步:判断句式 —— 陈述/一般疑问/特殊疑问/祈使,确定引导词与语序;
第 3 步:换人称 + 调状语 + 区分客观事实(时态不变特例)。
05 情景交际:询问 · 介绍 · 推荐自然奇观
① 核心句型
1. 询问位置 / 特征:Where is … located? / How long / wide / high is …? / What is it famous for?
1. 介绍景观:It is located in… / It lies on the border between… / It is known as… / It is home to… / It covers an area of…
1. 表达评价(直接引语,可转间接):“This place is more than just beautiful.” / “It is the most impressive wonder I’ve ever seen.”
1. 推荐:I’d like to recommend … to you. / As one of the top natural wonders, it attracts thousands of travelers every year.
② 完整对话框架(记者采访导游)
Reporter: Good morning. Could you tell me something about the Great Rift Valley?
Guide: Sure. It is located in East Africa and is about 6,400 kilometers long. It is home to lots of wildlife.
Reporter: That’s amazing! Many travelers say this is the most special wonder they have ever seen, don’t they?
Guide: Yes. As one of the greatest natural wonders in the world, it attracts thousands of visitors every year.
✅ 转述练习(间接引语)
The reporter asked the guide
whether/if he could tell him something about the Great Rift Valley.
The guide said (that) it was located in East Africa and was about 6,400 kilometers long.
06 写作:景观宣传册 / 景点介绍
① 写作要点与句型库
1. 位置:is located in / lies in / on the border of
1. 规模数据:is … kilometers long / high / wide; covers an area of; ranges from…to…
1. 特征与评价:is known as; is famous for; be home to; is filled with; impressive / unique / lifelike
1. 游客评价(引用,可转间接):Many visitors say (that) … / It is more than just beautiful.
亮点拆解:
1. ① 定语从句 which look lifelike、关系代词省略 that they have ever seen;
1. ② 复合形容词 20–50 meters high、介词短语 from a distance;
1. ③ 间接引语 Many travelers say that…(主句现在时,时态不变)。
07 高频易错点汇总(考前速查)
考点
易错点
正确表达
词形
wide(adj.)误当“宽度”
width n. 宽度;vary in width
词形
locate 直接作表语
be located in(过去分词作表语)
搭配
from distance / be famous as
from a distance / be famous for
搭配
work out 误译为“锻炼”
此处意为“拟定、设计”
间接引语
疑问句保留倒装语序
一律用陈述语序:where the Stone Forest was
间接引语
一般疑问用 that 引导
用 if / whether
时态
地理事实也倒退
客观真理/固定事实时态不变:lies → lies
人称
you 不知改为谁
“二随宾”:随主句宾语确定
第 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$