Unit 1 Happy Holiday（单元语法任务单）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 1 Happy Holiday”重点语法，涵盖复合不定代词和一般过去时两大核心内容，包含概念定义、用法规则、易错提示及分层练习，搭建从基础认知到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比（如some-与any-类代词用法）、规则分类（动词过去式变化）、高频考点标注（形容词后置）呈现知识体系，结合教材原句实例，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计“即学即用”即时练习和“语篇拔高练”综合应用，不同水平学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 Happy Holiday重点语法 考点一：复合不定代词—— “某人/某物/任何人/一切”的表达 一、知识精讲 复合不定代词是由some-、any-、no-、every- 四个前缀分别加上 -one、-body、-thing 三个后缀组合而成，用来指代不明确的人或事物。 1. 复合不定代词完整列表 前缀 \ 后缀 -one（人） -body（人） -thing（事物） some-（一些） someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某物/某事 any-（任何） anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物 no-（没有） no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有什么 every-（每一） everyone 每人 everybody 每人 everything 一切 2. 四大核心用法 （1）指代对象——-one/-body指人，-thing指物 含 -one 和 -body 的复合不定代词只用来指人，两者在意义上完全相同，可以互换。 教材原句： Someone/Somebody is crying.（有人在哭。） 含 -thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。 教材原句： Are you going to buy anything?（你要去买东西吗？） （2）作主语时——谓语动词用单数 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，当它们作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 教材原句： Is everyone here today?（今天大家都到了吗？） （3）形容词修饰——必须后置 形容词、动词不定式等修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在复合不定代词的后面。 教材原句： Can you tell something interesting?（你能讲些有趣的事情吗？） 教材原句： Did you do anything special?（你做了什么特别的事吗？） （4）some-类与any-类的用法区别（最高频考点） some-类（someone/somebody/something） any-类（anyone/anybody/anything） 肯定句 ✅ 通常用于肯定句 ✅ 表示“任何人/任何事”时可用 否定句 ❌ 一般不用于否定句 ✅ 常用于否定句 疑问句 ⚠️ 表示请求/邀请/建议，希望得到肯定答复时可用 ✅ 常用于一般疑问句 肯定句用something： He found something strange but interesting.（他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。） 否定句用anything： I don't have anything to say.（我没什么要说的。） 疑问句用anything： Do you have anything to say?（你有话要说吗？） 表请求/建议用something： Would you like something to eat?（你想吃点什么吗？） any-表“任何”用于肯定句： Anything is OK.（什么都行。） 3. 特殊考点提示 · no one 写为两个词，nobody 写为一个词，两者都指“没有人”。 · everyone 和 everybody 指“每个人”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 · nothing 本身就表示否定含义，句中不再使用否定词。 · 形容词else 修饰复合不定代词时也要后置。 示例： I have something else to say.（我还有别的话要说。） 二、即学即用 一、用适当的复合不定代词填空 1. Listen! ______ is knocking at the door. Maybe it's your sister. 2. The box is empty. There's ______ in it. 3. Is there ______ interesting in today's newspaper? 4. Don't worry! ______ will help you with your problem. 5. I can't find my keys ______. Did you see them? 6. —Would you like ______ to drink? —Yes, please. 7. I am thirsty. I would like to have ______ to drink. 8. ______ is here today. We're all here. 9. The math exam is very difficult. I don't think ______ can pass it. 10. I can't find my pen. I think ______ took it. 二、选词填空（something / anything / nothing / everything） 1. I have ______ to tell you. It's very important. 2. There is ______ wrong with my bike. It doesn't work. 3. In spring, ______ begins to grow. 4. —Is there ______ in the black box? —No, there is ______ in it. 5. I want ______ to eat, and ______ is OK. 考点二：一般过去时—— “过去发生的事” 一、知识精讲 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 1. 时间标志词（看到这些词，立刻想到一般过去时！） 类别 示例 yesterday 系列 yesterday（昨天）, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening last 系列 last night/week/month/year/weekend ago 系列 two days ago, three months ago, a moment ago just now just now（刚才） in + 过去年份 in 2020, in 1993 其他 at that time, the day before yesterday, in the past 2. 动词过去式的变化规则 （1）规则动词变化（四大规则） 规则 示例 ① 一般情况直接加 -ed play → played, work → worked, want → wanted ② 以不发音的 -e 结尾，加 -d like → liked, live → lived, hope → hoped ③ 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study → studied, try → tried, cry → cried ④ 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写后加 -ed stop → stopped, plan → planned, fit → fitted 注意： 如果是“元音字母 + y”结尾，直接加 -ed，如 play → played, enjoy → enjoyed。 （2）常见不规则动词过去式（必须熟记！） 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am/is was are were go went do/does did have/has had see saw eat ate drink drank swim swam buy bought bring brought think thought teach taught catch caught fly flew grow grew know knew draw drew give gave get got forget forgot take took make made come came run ran read read put put cut cut let let keep kept sleep slept feel felt leave left speak spoke say said tell told 3. 四大句型结构 （1）含 be 动词（was / were） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 She was at home yesterday. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他 They were not (weren't) on vacation. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Was he a teacher last year? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, he was. 否定回答 No, 主语 + was/were + not. No, he wasn't. （2）含实义动词 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I went to the beach. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn't visit the Great Wall. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go anywhere interesting? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + did. Yes, I did. 否定回答 No, 主语 + didn't. No, I didn't. ⚠️ 易错警示： 否定句和疑问句中，did 已经体现了“过去”，后面的动词必须用原形！千万不能说 I didn't went ❌，要说 I didn't go ✅。 4. 特殊疑问句 结构 示例 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you yesterday? 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Where did you go on vacation? 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时间标志词！） 1. Jane ______ (be) at home yesterday. 2. They ______ (be) on vacation last month. 3. I ______ (go) to Guizhou last week. 4. He just ______ (stay) at home to read last weekend. 5. An apple ______ (drop) from the tree to the ground just now. 6. We ______ (watch) a movie with my friends last Sunday. 7. She ______ (not finish) her homework yesterday. 8. Billy ______ (not visit) the Great Wall with his parents last month. 9. My parents ______ (not be) at home the day before yesterday. 10. ______ (be) he a teacher last year? 11. ______ (be) they in the classroom just now? 12. ______ he ______ (buy) anything special yesterday? 二、写出下列动词的过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 is/am ______ are ______ go ______ do ______ have ______ eat ______ drink ______ swim ______ buy ______ take ______ make ______ read ______ put ______ cut ______ fly ______ study ______ stop ______ play ______ 3、 句式转换 1. 将下列句子改为否定句： I went to the beach last Sunday. → I ______ ______ to the beach last Sunday. 2. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句： She visited her uncle last weekend. → ______ she ______ her uncle last weekend? 3. 对划线部分提问： I went to Yunnan on vacation. → ______ ______ you ______ on vacation? 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—How ________ your vacation? —It was great. I went to Mount Huangshan. A．was B．are C．is D．were 2．—Is there ________ wrong with your bike? —Yes, I want to ask ________ to help me repair it. A．nothing; anyone B．anything; someone C．nothing; someone D．something; anyone 3．—Where did you go on holiday? —I ________ back to the US with my mum and sister. A．went B．go C．going D．goes 4．—Did you do anything interesting on your holiday? —No, ________ special. But I met someone interesting. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 5．We stayed in the old town ________ ten days. A．in B．on C．for D．at 6．I ________ to the mountains with my family last summer. A．go B．went C．going D．goes 7．—How ________ your trip to the mountain village last weekend? —Wonderful! We had great fun. A．is B．were C．are D．was 8．—What was the beach like? —________ A．It was sunny and hot. B．We loved its soft sand. C．We went there by bus. D．It is great fun. 9．—________ did you stay in the lakeside camp? —For three nights. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 10．Everyone in the group enjoyed ________ during the five‑day trip. A．them B．theirs C．their D． themselves 11．When we got to the top of the hill, the sun ________ behind thick clouds. A．hide B．hides C．hid D．hiding 12．There was ________ special in the small museum, so we left soon. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 二、完成句子 13．那么，你在那里做了有趣的事吗？ So, did you do ________ ________ there? 14．They have ___________________ than money—they have love. 他们拥有比金钱重要得多的东西——那就是爱。 15．你在假期做了什么有趣的事吗? Did you do ____________________________ on your holiday? 16．Ann bought something special in the gift shop. (改为否定句) Ann ________ buy ________ special in the gift shop. 17．在假期里你做了什么特别的事情吗？ Did you do ________ special on your holiday? 18．我在旅途中遇到了有趣的人。 I met ________ ________ on the trip. 19．我没有买任何特别的东西。 I ________ buy ________ special. 20．I think _____________ is happier than staying with family. 我认为没有什么比陪伴家人更幸福。 21．There is some beef in the bowl. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ beef in the bowl. 22．There are some whales in the ocean. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ ________ whales in the ocean? 23．没有什么比看着它们长成毛茸茸的大团子更令人满足了。 There is ________ ________ satisfying than watching them grow into a big ball of fur. 24．There is a library in our school. (改为复数句) There ________ ________ ________ in our school. 25．我们每年都会举行家庭团聚。 We ________ a family reunion ________ year. 26．2017年之后，游客就能够坐火车更快地来到这座城市。 After 2017, visitors ________ ________ ________ get to the city much faster by train. 27．令人吃惊的是，尽管我和我的实验搭档之前不熟，但我们合得来。 Surprisingly, I ____________ my lab partner although we barely knew each other before. 28．The weather was sunny and cool in the mountain area.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the weather in the mountain area? 29．我刚考完历史考试，不知道自己是否通过了。 I just had my history exam, and I don’t know ________ ________ ________ it. 30．山间景色如此美丽，让我惊叹! The mountain scenery was so beautiful that it _____________________. 三、翻译 31．女孩把杯子装满了热水。(fill…with…) ______________________________________________________________________________ 32．我什么也看不见，也不知道周围还有没有其他人。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 33．然后我听到了人们激动的叫喊声。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 34．她上周参加了学校的网球比赛。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 35．她努力学习并实现了她的目标。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 36．我们在旅行中参观了很多著名的地标。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 一、短文填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给词的正确形式。 Hello! I’m back from my vacation. I think this is one of my 1 (good) vacations that I have had. I went to a beach with my parents. We spent two weeks 2 (visit) there. We lived in a hotel. Our room faced the sea, 3 we could see the sea at any time of the day! There was a shopping street and many 4 (restaurant) around. We bought many things and enjoyed lots of seafood. I also bought something special 5 my friends. The workers in the hotel were nice and 6 (friend). They always answered our questions with smiles. We had many kinds 7 food and drinks for breakfast. The food was so delicious 8 I ate a lot every morning. The happy hour was waiting for us after we came back from the beach! Everything was 9 (comfort). If I go to the beach next time, I will decide 10 (stay) at that hotel again. Passage B 阅读下面文章，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式。 The summer vacation is important to everyone. I’ll never forget this year’s summer vacation. At first I thought the vacation would not be 11 (excite), because I was going to the sea. I think there 12 (be) nothing interesting on the beach. I wanted to come back home on the 13 (one) day, but I wasn’t right. I went with my family to Whitby 14 July 15th. We spent three weeks there! We stayed at a nice hotel. The rooms were all large and clean. The hotel was near the sea. We often 15 (go) back late at night. Then I 16 (meet) lots of interesting people during those three weeks. I spent most of the time 17 them. Soon we became friends. We built 18 few sandcastles (沙堡), swam and visited many fun places. The weather was quite wonderful. Every morning when I woke up, I could see the sun 19 (shine) and the sky was blue. It rained only once, 20 the sun came out soon. I enjoyed this vacation and I will never forget it. It’s the best time in my life. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I’m an English schoolboy, but now I live in Shanghai with my parents. One day, I watched 21 video online about the life of animals in the Hongshan Forest Zoo in Nanjing. Through the video, I learned a lot about the zoo. There are some 22 (difference) between the Hongshan Forest Zoo and other zoos. Visitors to the Hongshan Forest Zoo can join in some 23 (activity). So people can 24 (easy) know how animals live. I was interested in the zoo, so I 25 (plan) to visit the Hongshan Forest Zoo with my dad. The zoo is in the north of Nanjing, and more 26 200 different kinds of animals live there. After 27 (reach) Nanjing, we couldn’t wait to take a bus to the zoo. When we walked into the zoo, we were 28 (surprise) to see lots of birds flying in the sky freely and monkeys running and jumping up and down. We spent hours walking around the zoo. Although we were tired and hungry, we still got a feeling of satisfaction (满足感). We almost 29 (forget) the time. What a wonderful trip it was! I expect to 30 (visit) other interesting places with my parents next time. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My sister finished high school two weeks ago. As a special gift, our parents took us to India. Last weekend was 31 (interest) but scary. We went camping in a small village in India. First, we took a long bus ride to a lake near a forest. There we put 32 our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. On the first night, we just sat under the moon and told each other 33 (story), eating the food happily. But I was so tired 34 I went to sleep early. The next morning, my sister and I 35 (get) a terrible surprise. When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. I was too scared 36 (move). We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger. My dad started to jump up and down in 37 (they) tent. This woke the snake up and it moved into 38 forest. My dad told me 39 (late) that snakes don’t have ears but can feel things moving. He also told me it was important 40 (stay) away from a snake. This was a useful lesson for me. 二、选词填空 Passage E 阅读下面短文，用方框中单词的适当形式填空，使之通顺、完整。(每个单词限用一次，每空填一个单词。) you; build; read; important; museum; achieve; difficult; nation; show; visit (n.) Have you ever traveled by train? Do you like the feeling of a railway journey? Do you want to see how historic items (物件) tell the story and legend of China’s railway development? If 41 answer is “Yes” to our questions, the Zhengyangmen Exhibition (展览) Hall of the China Railway 42 is a good place for you to visit. It stands to the southeast of Tian’anmen Square. Our hall was 43 from a century-old railway station. Over 100 years ago, it was the starting point of the Beijing-Fengtian Railway. Today, a century later, it has been turned into an exhibition hall of the museum. It 44 the world the great railway development of China. Here in this hall, you can learn how Mr. Zhan Tianyou (1861—1919) —our 45 railway pioneer—realized his railroad dream in those hard times. More 46 , you will see how today’s railway engineers and scientists put Zhan Tianyou’s wisdom (智慧) together with new ideas and technology to solve 47 problems of all times for high-speed railway. After the 48 , many people have expressed that they had the feeling of travelling on the “train through time”. They say that exhibits as well as the way they’re organized “really bridge the time and space”, and that they “have 49 a century-old story of China’s railway progress”. Seeing is believing! We are here waiting for you to see the changes and 50 of China’s railway during a period of a century! Passage F 阅读短文，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they   write   in   die   ten   friend   final   different   however   fantastic How do you usually go travelling? Most people usually travel by train or plane. But Tom Turcich was 51 . He traveled around the world on foot. And he did it with a special friend. The 52 name is Savannah and she is a dog. A few years ago, one of Tom’s friends 53 . He started to know life was short, so he decided to go out to see the world. Tom went to many places on foot. The trips were long but 54 for Tom. He was happy that he could meet different people along the way. He was also thankful (感激的) when people welcomed him to 55 homes and gave him delicious food. 56 , he also met some problems. Once, he hurt(使受伤) his legs. Luckily, he could still walk. 57 , Tom finished his trips and went back home. He got a surprise when he learnt he became the 58 person to walk around the world. He was never interested 59 writing before, but now he spends at least two hours 60 every day. He wants to work as a writer to tell more people about his trips. Passage G man    easy    so    nod    sun    swim    with    fight    he    careful It was a summer holiday. The weather was 61 and it was very hot. I was excited to go to the beach 62 my mother. My father was busy with his work, 63 he couldn’t come. There were many people on the beach. Several 64 sat on the beach, enjoying the sun. We went into the water. I said, “The water is really cool. It feels so comfortable to be in the water in such hot weather.” My mother 65 to show she agreed with me. After 66 for a while, my mother found a good place on the beach. We put up a big umbrella and sat under it to see people playing happily. Just then, a boy came over and asked me to build a castle with 67 . I was happy to help. We finished it 68 in just a few minutes. It looked great. Then we wanted to go into the water for fun again. “Be 69 !” my mother said. Then, we started to have a water 70 , laughing happily. I had fun and made a friend. What a great holiday we had! Passage H 短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整正确。（每个单词限用一次。每空限填一个单词。） she     one     quick     building     minute     be     delicious     meet     sleep     dress Susan went on a trip to Hastings with her friends last summer holiday. They were very happy because it was their 71 trip. The night before, Susan prepared enough things for the trip. She put a sweater and a new umbrella in 72 bag because it was cold and might rain there. She also took some 73 food and drinks—hamburgers, cakes and juice. Susan didn’t 74 very well that night, but she still got up early the next morning. She got 75 , washed her face and had breakfast at home. Then her father drove her to the bus station. Susan 76 her friends at the bus station. They waited for the bus for ten 77 . When it arrived, everyone got on the bus very quickly. The ride took about two hours. They spent most of the time singing and talking, so time went by 78 . When they arrived in Hastings, it was a little cold. They visited a castle (城堡) and all of them thought it was a great 79 . About two hours later, they were hungry. Then they had lunch in the park. In the afternoon, Susan and her friends traveled around the town. At 6:30 in the afternoon, they went back home. Susan 80 really tired, but she liked this great trip. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Happy Holiday重点语法 考点一：复合不定代词—— “某人/某物/任何人/一切”的表达 一、知识精讲 复合不定代词是由some-、any-、no-、every- 四个前缀分别加上 -one、-body、-thing 三个后缀组合而成，用来指代不明确的人或事物。 1. 复合不定代词完整列表 前缀 \ 后缀 -one（人） -body（人） -thing（事物） some-（一些） someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某物/某事 any-（任何） anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物 no-（没有） no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有什么 every-（每一） everyone 每人 everybody 每人 everything 一切 2. 四大核心用法 （1）指代对象——-one/-body指人，-thing指物 含 -one 和 -body 的复合不定代词只用来指人，两者在意义上完全相同，可以互换。 教材原句： Someone/Somebody is crying.（有人在哭。） 含 -thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。 教材原句： Are you going to buy anything?（你要去买东西吗？） （2）作主语时——谓语动词用单数 复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，当它们作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 教材原句： Is everyone here today?（今天大家都到了吗？） （3）形容词修饰——必须后置 形容词、动词不定式等修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在复合不定代词的后面。 教材原句： Can you tell something interesting?（你能讲些有趣的事情吗？） 教材原句： Did you do anything special?（你做了什么特别的事吗？） （4）some-类与any-类的用法区别（最高频考点） some-类（someone/somebody/something） any-类（anyone/anybody/anything） 肯定句 ✅ 通常用于肯定句 ✅ 表示“任何人/任何事”时可用 否定句 ❌ 一般不用于否定句 ✅ 常用于否定句 疑问句 ⚠️ 表示请求/邀请/建议，希望得到肯定答复时可用 ✅ 常用于一般疑问句 肯定句用something： He found something strange but interesting.（他发现了奇怪但有趣的事情。） 否定句用anything： I don't have anything to say.（我没什么要说的。） 疑问句用anything： Do you have anything to say?（你有话要说吗？） 表请求/建议用something： Would you like something to eat?（你想吃点什么吗？） any-表“任何”用于肯定句： Anything is OK.（什么都行。） 3. 特殊考点提示 · no one 写为两个词，nobody 写为一个词，两者都指“没有人”。 · everyone 和 everybody 指“每个人”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 · nothing 本身就表示否定含义，句中不再使用否定词。 · 形容词else 修饰复合不定代词时也要后置。 示例： I have something else to say.（我还有别的话要说。） 二、即学即用 一、用适当的复合不定代词填空 1. Listen! ______ is knocking at the door. Maybe it's your sister. 2. The box is empty. There's ______ in it. 3. Is there ______ interesting in today's newspaper? 4. Don't worry! ______ will help you with your problem. 5. I can't find my keys ______. Did you see them? 6. —Would you like ______ to drink? —Yes, please. 7. I am thirsty. I would like to have ______ to drink. 8. ______ is here today. We're all here. 9. The math exam is very difficult. I don't think ______ can pass it. 10. I can't find my pen. I think ______ took it. 参考答案： 1. Someone/Somebody 2. nothing 3. anything 4. Someone/Somebody 5. anywhere 6. something 7. something 8. Everyone/Everybody 9. anyone/anybody 10. someone/somebody 二、选词填空（something / anything / nothing / everything） 1. I have ______ to tell you. It's very important. 2. There is ______ wrong with my bike. It doesn't work. 3. In spring, ______ begins to grow. 4. —Is there ______ in the black box? —No, there is ______ in it. 5. I want ______ to eat, and ______ is OK. 参考答案： 1. something 2. something 3. everything 4. anything; nothing 5. something; anything 考点二：一般过去时—— “过去发生的事” 一、知识精讲 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 1. 时间标志词（看到这些词，立刻想到一般过去时！） 类别 示例 yesterday 系列 yesterday（昨天）, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening last 系列 last night/week/month/year/weekend ago 系列 two days ago, three months ago, a moment ago just now just now（刚才） in + 过去年份 in 2020, in 1993 其他 at that time, the day before yesterday, in the past 2. 动词过去式的变化规则 （1）规则动词变化（四大规则） 规则 示例 ① 一般情况直接加 -ed play → played, work → worked, want → wanted ② 以不发音的 -e 结尾，加 -d like → liked, live → lived, hope → hoped ③ 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed study → studied, try → tried, cry → cried ④ 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写后加 -ed stop → stopped, plan → planned, fit → fitted 注意： 如果是“元音字母 + y”结尾，直接加 -ed，如 play → played, enjoy → enjoyed。 （2）常见不规则动词过去式（必须熟记！） 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am/is was are were go went do/does did have/has had see saw eat ate drink drank swim swam buy bought bring brought think thought teach taught catch caught fly flew grow grew know knew draw drew give gave get got forget forgot take took make made come came run ran read read put put cut cut let let keep kept sleep slept feel felt leave left speak spoke say said tell told 3. 四大句型结构 （1）含 be 动词（was / were） 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 She was at home yesterday. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他 They were not (weren't) on vacation. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Was he a teacher last year? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, he was. 否定回答 No, 主语 + was/were + not. No, he wasn't. （2）含实义动词 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I went to the beach. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn't visit the Great Wall. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go anywhere interesting? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + did. Yes, I did. 否定回答 No, 主语 + didn't. No, I didn't. ⚠️ 易错警示： 否定句和疑问句中，did 已经体现了“过去”，后面的动词必须用原形！千万不能说 I didn't went ❌，要说 I didn't go ✅。 4. 特殊疑问句 结构 示例 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you yesterday? 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Where did you go on vacation? 二、即学即用 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时间标志词！） 1. Jane ______ (be) at home yesterday. 2. They ______ (be) on vacation last month. 3. I ______ (go) to Guizhou last week. 4. He just ______ (stay) at home to read last weekend. 5. An apple ______ (drop) from the tree to the ground just now. 6. We ______ (watch) a movie with my friends last Sunday. 7. She ______ (not finish) her homework yesterday. 8. Billy ______ (not visit) the Great Wall with his parents last month. 9. My parents ______ (not be) at home the day before yesterday. 10. ______ (be) he a teacher last year? 11. ______ (be) they in the classroom just now? 12. ______ he ______ (buy) anything special yesterday? 参考答案： 1. was 2. were 3. went 4. stayed 5. dropped 6. watched 7. didn't finish 8. didn't visit 9. were not (weren't) 10. Was 11. Were 12. Did; buy 二、写出下列动词的过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 is/am ______ are ______ go ______ do ______ have ______ eat ______ drink ______ swim ______ buy ______ take ______ make ______ read ______ put ______ cut ______ fly ______ study ______ stop ______ play ______ 参考答案：was; were; went; did; had; ate; drank; swam; bought; took; made; read; put; cut; flew; studied; stopped; played 3、 句式转换 1. 将下列句子改为否定句： I went to the beach last Sunday. → I ______ ______ to the beach last Sunday. 2. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句： She visited her uncle last weekend. → ______ she ______ her uncle last weekend? 3. 对划线部分提问： I went to Yunnan on vacation. → ______ ______ you ______ on vacation? 参考答案：1. didn't go 2. Did; visit 3. Where did; go 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—How ________ your vacation? —It was great. I went to Mount Huangshan. A．was B．are C．is D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的假期过得怎么样？——很棒。我去了黄山。 根据答语“It was great.”及“I went to Mount Huangshan.”可知，对话谈论的是过去的假期，时态应用一般过去时；主语“your vacation”为单数，be动词应用was。 2．—Is there ________ wrong with your bike? —Yes, I want to ask ________ to help me repair it. A．nothing; anyone B．anything; someone C．nothing; someone D．something; anyone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的自行车有什么毛病吗？——是的，我想找个人帮我修一下。 第一空所在句子是一般疑问句，应用anything表示“某事/任何事”；第二空所在句子是肯定句，应用someone表示“某人”。nothing“没有什么”和anyone“任何人”不符合。应填anything；someone。 3．—Where did you go on holiday? —I ________ back to the US with my mum and sister. A．went B．go C．going D．goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你假期去了哪里？——我和我的妈妈及妹妹回到了美国。 根据问句“Where did you go on holiday?”中的助动词“did”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，询问过去发生的动作。答语描述过去的经历，谓语动词应用过去式went。 4．—Did you do anything interesting on your holiday? —No, ________ special. But I met someone interesting. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你假期做了什么有趣的事吗？——没有，没什么特别的。但我遇到了一些有趣的人。 something某事；anything任何事；nothing没有什么；everything每件事。根据答语“No”可知，此处表示否定含义，指“没什么特别的事”，应用nothing。 5．We stayed in the old town ________ ten days. A．in B．on C．for D．at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们在古镇待了十天。 in在……内；on在具体某天；for达……之久；at在……时刻。根据“ten days”可知是一段时间，表示动作持续了一段时间用介词for。 6．I ________ to the mountains with my family last summer. A．go B．went C．going D．goes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年夏天我和我的家人一起去了山里。 根据时间状语“last summer”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式went。 7．—How ________ your trip to the mountain village last weekend? —Wonderful! We had great fun. A．is B．were C．are D．was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你上周末去山村的旅行怎么样？——太棒了！我们玩得很开心。 根据时间标志词“last weekend”以及主语“your trip”是单数，要用一般过去时的单数be动词，应填was。 8．—What was the beach like? —________ A．It was sunny and hot. B．We loved its soft sand. C．We went there by bus. D．It is great fun. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——海滩怎么样？——我们喜欢它柔软的沙滩。 It was sunny and hot. 天气晴朗炎热（描述天气）；We loved its soft sand. 我们喜欢它柔软的沙滩（描述海滩的特征）；We went there by bus. 我们坐公交去的（描述到达方式）；It is great fun. 很有趣（描述活动，一般现在时）。根据问句“What was the beach like?”询问海滩的特征，应回答其质地/感受，应填We loved its soft sand. 9．—________ did you stay in the lakeside camp? —For three nights. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在湖边营地待了多久？——三个晚上。 How soon多久之后；How often多久一次；How long多长时间；How far多远。根据答语“For three nights.”可知此处询问时间段，疑问词用How long。 10．Everyone in the group enjoyed ________ during the five‑day trip. A．them B．theirs C．their D． themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小组里的每个人在这次为期五天的旅行中都玩得很开心。 them他们；themselves他们自己；their他们的；theirs他们的。固定短语enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，空格处需填反身代词。选项只有themselves是反身代词，指代小组中的成员们，应填themselves。 11．When we got to the top of the hill, the sun ________ behind thick clouds. A．hide B．hides C．hid D．hiding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们到达山顶时，太阳藏在了厚厚的云层后面。 hide隐藏（原形）；hides隐藏（一般现在时，第三人称单数形式）；hid隐藏（过去式）；hiding隐藏（动名词或现在分词形式）。根据从句“When we got to the top of the hill”中的“got”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式hid。 12．There was ________ special in the small museum, so we left soon. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小博物馆里没有什么特别的东西，所以我们很快就离开了。 something某物；anything任何事物；nothing没有任何东西；everything一切。根据“so we left soon”可知因为博物馆没什么特别的东西，才很快离开，表示否定含义，应用nothing。 二、完成句子 13．那么，你在那里做了有趣的事吗？ So, did you do ________ ________ there? 【答案】 anything interesting 【详解】原句中“有趣的”、“事”是关键词；疑问句中表示“事”要用anything；“有趣的”用interesting表示，形容词修饰不定代词要后置，应填anything；interesting。 14．They have ___________________ than money—they have love. 他们拥有比金钱重要得多的东西——那就是爱。 【答案】something much more important 【详解】原句中“比金钱重要得多的东西”是关键词，表示“重要得多”的短语为much more important，much用来修饰比较级加强程度，表示“东西”需用不定代词something；整合为something much more important。 15．你在假期做了什么有趣的事吗? Did you do ____________________________ on your holiday? 【答案】 anything interesting 【详解】原句中“有趣的事”是关键词，本句为一般疑问句，疑问句中要用anything表示“事情”，形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面，“有趣的”对应interesting，修饰不定代词需要后置。 16．Ann bought something special in the gift shop. (改为否定句) Ann ________ buy ________ special in the gift shop. 【答案】 didn’t anything 【详解】句意：安在礼品店买了一些特别的东西。原句是一般过去时，句中“bought”是实义动词，变为否定句需要借助助动词didn’t，助动词后动词变回原形buy，something用于肯定句，否定句中要变为anything。 17．在假期里你做了什么特别的事情吗？ Did you do ________ special on your holiday? 【答案】anything 【详解】原句中“任何事情”是关键词，表示“任何事情”的英文是anything，用在一般疑问句中。 18．我在旅途中遇到了有趣的人。 I met ________ ________ on the trip. 【答案】 someone interesting 【详解】原句中“有趣的人”是关键词，表示“有趣的”的单词是“interesting”，修饰不定代词，表示“人”的不定代词是someone，放在形容词interesting前。故填someone；interesting。 19．我没有买任何特别的东西。 I ________ buy ________ special. 【答案】 didn’t anything 【详解】原句中关键词是“没有”和“任何东西”，didn’t意为“没有”，表示一般过去时的否定；anything意为“任何东西”，用于否定句中。 20．I think _____________ is happier than staying with family. 我认为没有什么比陪伴家人更幸福。 【答案】nothing 【详解】原句中“没有什么”是关键词，表示“没有什么”的单词是nothing，不定代词在宾语从句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。所以填nothing。 21．There is some beef in the bowl. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ beef in the bowl. 【答案】 isn’t any 【详解】句意：碗里有一些牛肉。题干要求改为否定句，there be句型变否定，直接在be动词后加not，is not缩写为isn’t；some用于肯定句，否定句中要替换为any，beef为不可数名词保持不变，因此填isn’t；any。 22．There are some whales in the ocean. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ ________ whales in the ocean? 【答案】 Are there any 【详解】句意： 海洋里有一些鲸鱼。原句为There be句型的一般现在时(are)，改为一般疑问句时，将“are”提到句首，首字母大写，主语“there”不变，“some”在疑问句中变为any。 23．没有什么比看着它们长成毛茸茸的大团子更令人满足了。 There is ________ ________ satisfying than watching them grow into a big ball of fur. 【答案】 nothing more 【详解】原句中“没有什么比……更令人满足了”表示最高级含义，即“这是最令人满足的”，常用“否定词（nothing/nobody 等）+比较级+than”的结构来表达最高级的含义，“没有什么”用不定代词nothing；satisfying是多音节形容词，其比较级形式前需加more，且后面有than提示用比较级。 24．There is a library in our school. (改为复数句) There ________ ________ ________ in our school. 【答案】 are some libraries 【详解】句意：我们学校有一个图书馆。改为复数句时，对应替换各成分的复数形式，原句主语是单数，be动词用is；改为复数句后，be动词相应变为are；主语library的复数是libraries，单数不定冠词a在复数肯定句中通常改为some。 25．我们每年都会举行家庭团聚。 We ________ a family reunion ________ year. 【答案】 hold/have every 【详解】原句中“举行”、“每年”是关键词，hold/have表示“举行”，主语为We，本句为一般现在时，谓语动词使用原形；every year表示“每年”，是固定时间短语，故填hold/have；every。 26．2017年之后，游客就能够坐火车更快地来到这座城市。 After 2017, visitors ________ ________ ________ get to the city much faster by train. 【答案】 were able to 【详解】原句中“能够”是关键词，表示“能够”的短语为be able to，描述过去的状态，用一般过去时，主语”visitors“是复数，be动词是were，故填were；able；to。 27．令人吃惊的是，尽管我和我的实验搭档之前不熟，但我们合得来。 Surprisingly, I ____________ my lab partner although we barely knew each other before. 【答案】got on well with/got along well with 【详解】原句中“合得来”是关键词，表示“与……相处融洽”的短语是get on well with/get along well with。本句根据后面从句knew为一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时got on well with或got along well with。故填got on well with/got along well with。 28．The weather was sunny and cool in the mountain area.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the weather in the mountain area? 【答案】 How was 【详解】句意：山区的天气晴朗凉爽。划线部分表示天气状况，对天气提问用how“怎么样”，句子时态是一般过去时，be动词为was，特殊疑问句把was提到主语the weather前面。 29．我刚考完历史考试，不知道自己是否通过了。 I just had my history exam, and I don’t know ________ ________ ________ it. 【答案】 if/whether I passed 【详解】原句关键词是“是否通过”，“是否”对应连接词“if/whether”。“通过”对应动词“pass”。根据know可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，故需在pass前补充主语I；考试已经结束，所以宾语从句用一般过去时，动词用过去式passed。 30．山间景色如此美丽，让我惊叹! The mountain scenery was so beautiful that it _____________________. 【答案】 took my breath away 【详解】原句中“让我惊叹”是关键词，表示“使某人惊叹”可用短语take one’s breath away，主句为一般过去时，从句时态需要和主句保持一致，take的过去式为took。因此应填took my breath away。 三、翻译 31．女孩把杯子装满了热水。(fill…with…) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The girl filled the cup with hot water. 【详解】“女孩把杯子装满了热水”译为“The girl filled the cup with hot water”。句子描述已经完成的动作，使用一般过去时；主语是“女孩”，对应The girl；题目给的动词短语“fill…with…”，表示“用……把……装满”，谓语动词fill要变为过去式filled；cup“杯子”，作filled的宾语；介词with后接hot water，表示“热水”，其中形容词hot作定语修饰名词water。 32．我什么也看不见，也不知道周围还有没有其他人。 _____________________________________________ 【答案】I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was around me. 【详解】“我什么也看不见，也不知道周围还有没有其他人”译为I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was around me。其中“我”用I；“什么也看不见”用“could not see anything at all”表示；“不知道……是否……”可用“did not know if...”表达；“其他人”用“anyone else”；“在周围”用“around me”来呈现位置关系。 33．然后我听到了人们激动的叫喊声。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Then I heard shouts from excited people. 【详解】“然后我听到了人们激动的叫喊声”可译为Then I heard shouts from excited people，“然后”用then表示，作时间状语；“我”用I表示，作主语；“听到”用heard表示，作谓语，hear的过去式为heard；“人们激动的叫喊声”用shouts from excited people表示，作宾语，其中shouts表示“叫喊声”，from excited people作后置定语修饰shouts。 34．她上周参加了学校的网球比赛。 ________________________________________________ 【答案】She took part in the school tennis match last week. 【详解】“她上周参加了学校的网球比赛。”译为“She took part in the school tennis match last week.”。“她”译为She，作主语；“参加了”译为take part in，因时间状语“上周”译为last week，表明动作发生在过去，take的过去式为took；“学校的网球比赛”译为the school tennis match。 35．她努力学习并实现了她的目标。 ________________________________________________ 【答案】She studied hard and achieved her goal. 【详解】“她努力学习并实现了她的目标。”译为“She studied hard and achieved her goal.” “她”表达为She，作句子主语。“努力学习”表达为study hard，根据“实现了”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故译为studied hard。“并”表达为and，用于连接两个并列的谓语动词。“实现了她的目标”表达为achieve her goal，时态与前文保持一致用过去式，故译为achieved her goal。 36．我们在旅行中参观了很多著名的地标。 ________________________________ 【答案】We visited many famous landmarks during our trip. 【详解】“我们在旅行中参观了很多著名的地标。”译为“We visited many famous landmarks during our trip.”。“参观了”这一动作发生在过去，本句时态为一般过去时。“我们”英文为“We”，作主语；“参观了”英文为“visited”，为“visit”的过去式；“很多著名的地标”英文为“many famous landmarks”，作宾语，其中“famous”意为“著名的”，“landmarks”意为“地标”；“在旅行中”英文为“during our trip”，作时间状语，其中“our”意为“我们的”。 语篇拔高练 一、短文填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给词的正确形式。 Hello! I’m back from my vacation. I think this is one of my 1 (good) vacations that I have had. I went to a beach with my parents. We spent two weeks 2 (visit) there. We lived in a hotel. Our room faced the sea, 3 we could see the sea at any time of the day! There was a shopping street and many 4 (restaurant) around. We bought many things and enjoyed lots of seafood. I also bought something special 5 my friends. The workers in the hotel were nice and 6 (friend). They always answered our questions with smiles. We had many kinds 7 food and drinks for breakfast. The food was so delicious 8 I ate a lot every morning. The happy hour was waiting for us after we came back from the beach! Everything was 9 (comfort). If I go to the beach next time, I will decide 10 (stay) at that hotel again. 【答案】 1．best 2．visiting 3．so 4．restaurants 5．for 6．friendly 7．of 8．that 9．comfortable 10．to stay 【导语】本文讲述作者和父母去海滩度假的经历，介绍了住宿环境、美食以及酒店服务，表达了对这次度假的喜爱。 【详解】1．句意：我认为这是我经历过的最好的假期之一。“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，good的最高级是best。 2．句意：我们在那里花了两周时间游览。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“花费时间做某事”，visit的动名词形式是visiting。 3．句意：我们的房间面朝大海，所以我们一天中任何时候都能看到大海。前后两个分句是因果关系，前半句表示原因，后半句表示结果，so意为“所以”。 4．句意：有一条购物街，周围有许多餐馆。many后接可数名词复数，restaurant的复数形式是restaurants。 5．句意：我也给我的朋友们买了一些特别的东西。buy sth. for sb.是固定搭配，意为“为某人买某物”，填介词for。 6．句意：酒店的工作人员很好而且友善。and连接并列的形容词作表语，friend的形容词形式friendly意为“友好的”。 7．句意：早餐我们有各种各样的食物和饮料。many kinds of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，填介词of。 8．句意：食物如此美味，以至于我每天早上吃很多。so…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，填that。 9．句意：一切都很舒适。was后面接形容词作表语，comfort的形容词形式comfortable意为“舒适的”。 10．句意：如果我下次去海滩，我会决定再次住在那家酒店。decide to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，填to stay。 Passage B 阅读下面文章，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式。 The summer vacation is important to everyone. I’ll never forget this year’s summer vacation. At first I thought the vacation would not be 11 (excite), because I was going to the sea. I think there 12 (be) nothing interesting on the beach. I wanted to come back home on the 13 (one) day, but I wasn’t right. I went with my family to Whitby 14 July 15th. We spent three weeks there! We stayed at a nice hotel. The rooms were all large and clean. The hotel was near the sea. We often 15 (go) back late at night. Then I 16 (meet) lots of interesting people during those three weeks. I spent most of the time 17 them. Soon we became friends. We built 18 few sandcastles (沙堡), swam and visited many fun places. The weather was quite wonderful. Every morning when I woke up, I could see the sun 19 (shine) and the sky was blue. It rained only once, 20 the sun came out soon. I enjoyed this vacation and I will never forget it. It’s the best time in my life. 【答案】 11．exciting 12．was 13．first 14．on 15．went 16．met 17．with 18．a 19．shining 20．but 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者原本不期待假期，最后收获美好回忆的故事。 【详解】11．句意：一开始我以为假期不会令人兴奋，因为我要去海边。 exciting用来修饰事物vacation，-ing结尾形容词表示“令人…… 的”；be动词后接形容词作表语，故填exciting。 12．句意：我觉得沙滩上没有什么好玩的东西。 主句时态为一般过去时，宾语从句时态保持一致；不定代词nothing作主语，视为单数，there be句型be动词用was，故填was。 13．句意：我第一天就想回家，但我想错了。 定冠词the后面需要使用序数词，表示“第一”；one的序数词形式是first，on the first day意为 “在第一天”，故填first。 14．句意：7 月 15 日，我和家人一起去了惠特比。 在具体某一天前面，介词要用on，on July 15th是固定时间搭配，故填on。 15．句意：我们经常很晚才回去。 整篇文章讲述过去的假期故事，时态为一般过去时；go的过去式是went，故填went。 16．句意：在那三周里，我认识了很多有趣的人。 故事发生在过去，使用一般过去时；meet的过去式为met，故填met。 17．句意：我大部分时间都和他们待在一起。 固定搭配spend time with sb. 表示“和某人共度时光”，with意为“和……一起”，符合上下文交朋友的语境，故填with。 18．句意：我们堆了一些沙堡、游泳，还去了很多好玩的地方。 固定短语a few，表示 “一些”，用来修饰可数名词复数sandcastles，故填a。 19．句意：每天早上我醒来，都能看见阳光照耀，天空蓝蓝的。 固定结构see sb./sth. doing sth.意为“看见某物正在做某事”，强调当时看到阳光正照耀的画面，shine的现在分词形式是shining，故填shining。 20．句意：只下过一次雨，但是太阳很快就出来了。 前半句“下过雨”和后半句“太阳很快出来”是转折关系，连词but表示转折，故填but。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I’m an English schoolboy, but now I live in Shanghai with my parents. One day, I watched 21 video online about the life of animals in the Hongshan Forest Zoo in Nanjing. Through the video, I learned a lot about the zoo. There are some 22 (difference) between the Hongshan Forest Zoo and other zoos. Visitors to the Hongshan Forest Zoo can join in some 23 (activity). So people can 24 (easy) know how animals live. I was interested in the zoo, so I 25 (plan) to visit the Hongshan Forest Zoo with my dad. The zoo is in the north of Nanjing, and more 26 200 different kinds of animals live there. After 27 (reach) Nanjing, we couldn’t wait to take a bus to the zoo. When we walked into the zoo, we were 28 (surprise) to see lots of birds flying in the sky freely and monkeys running and jumping up and down. We spent hours walking around the zoo. Although we were tired and hungry, we still got a feeling of satisfaction (满足感). We almost 29 (forget) the time. What a wonderful trip it was! I expect to 30 (visit) other interesting places with my parents next time. 【答案】 21．a 22．differences 23．activities 24．easily 25．planned 26．than 27．reaching 28．surprised 29．forgot 30．visit 【导语】本文讲述了一个英国男孩随父母住在上海，通过视频了解南京红山森林动物园后，与父亲一起前往参观的经历。 【详解】21．句意：一天，我在网上观看了一个关于南京红山森林动物园动物生活的视频。此处表示“一个视频”，为泛指，且“video”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 22．句意：红山森林动物园和其他动物园之间有一些不同之处。“some”修饰可数名词复数，difference的复数形式为differences，表示“不同之处”。 23．句意：红山森林动物园的游客可以参加一些活动。“some”修饰可数名词复数，activity的复数形式为activities。 24．句意：所以人们可以很容易地了解动物是如何生活的。此处修饰动词“know”，应用副词easily作状语。 25．句意：我对这个动物园很感兴趣，所以我和爸爸计划去参观红山森林动物园。描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，plan的过去式为planned。 26．句意：动物园在南京北部，有200多种不同的动物居住在那里。“more than”为固定短语，表示“超过”，故填than。 27．句意：到达南京后，我们迫不及待地乘公共汽车去了动物园。“After”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，reach的动名词形式为reaching。 28．句意：当我们走进动物园时，我们惊讶地看到许多鸟在天空中自由飞翔，猴子上下跑跳。此处作表语，修饰人，表示“感到惊讶的”，应用surprised。 29．句意：我们几乎忘记了时间。描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，forget的过去式为forgot。 30．句意：我期待下次和父母一起去参观其他有趣的地方。“expect to do sth.”表示“期待做某事”，故填动词原形visit。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My sister finished high school two weeks ago. As a special gift, our parents took us to India. Last weekend was 31 (interest) but scary. We went camping in a small village in India. First, we took a long bus ride to a lake near a forest. There we put 32 our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. On the first night, we just sat under the moon and told each other 33 (story), eating the food happily. But I was so tired 34 I went to sleep early. The next morning, my sister and I 35 (get) a terrible surprise. When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. I was too scared 36 (move). We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger. My dad started to jump up and down in 37 (they) tent. This woke the snake up and it moved into 38 forest. My dad told me 39 (late) that snakes don’t have ears but can feel things moving. He also told me it was important 40 (stay) away from a snake. This was a useful lesson for me. 【答案】 31．interesting 32．up 33．stories 34．that 35．got 36．to move 37．their 38．the 39．later 40．to stay 【导语】本文介绍了作者一家去印度度假既有趣又害怕的经历。 【详解】31．句意：上周末很有趣，但也令人害怕。空前为was，空处作表语修饰Last weekend，应用interest对应的-ing形容词interesting。 32．句意：我们在那里搭起了帐篷，生起篝火来保暖和做饭。“put…our tents”表示搭帐篷。put up意为“搭建”，固定搭配。 33．句意：第一晚，我们坐在月光下，彼此讲着故事，开心地吃着食物。此处表示互相给对方讲故事，表泛指，用story的复数形式stories。 34．句意：但我太累了，所以睡得很早。“I went to sleep early”是“I was so tired”的结果，因此用so…that…结构引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 35．句意：第二天早上，我和妹妹收到了一个可怕的惊喜。文章描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，因此此处用get的过去式got。 36．句意：我太害怕了，不敢动。“too scared…”表示“太害怕了，不敢动”，too…to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”，固定搭配。因此空处填动词不定式to move。 37．句意：我爸爸开始在他们的帐篷里跳上跳下。此处修饰名词tent，应用they的形容词性物主代词their。 38．句意：这把蛇惊醒了，它便跑进了森林。此处特指上文提到的a forest，需填定冠词the。 39．句意：我爸爸后来告诉我，蛇没有耳朵，但能感觉到物体在移动。此处修饰动词told应填副词。此处表示爸爸后来告诉“我”，late对应的副词later（后来）符合语境。 40．句意：他还告诉我，远离蛇很重要。空前it为形式主语，此处需填stay的不定式结构to stay与后面的away from a snake共同作真正的主语。 二、选词填空 Passage E 阅读下面短文，用方框中单词的适当形式填空，使之通顺、完整。(每个单词限用一次，每空填一个单词。) you; build; read; important; museum; achieve; difficult; nation; show; visit (n.) Have you ever traveled by train? Do you like the feeling of a railway journey? Do you want to see how historic items (物件) tell the story and legend of China’s railway development? If 41 answer is “Yes” to our questions, the Zhengyangmen Exhibition (展览) Hall of the China Railway 42 is a good place for you to visit. It stands to the southeast of Tian’anmen Square. Our hall was 43 from a century-old railway station. Over 100 years ago, it was the starting point of the Beijing-Fengtian Railway. Today, a century later, it has been turned into an exhibition hall of the museum. It 44 the world the great railway development of China. Here in this hall, you can learn how Mr. Zhan Tianyou (1861—1919) —our 45 railway pioneer—realized his railroad dream in those hard times. More 46 , you will see how today’s railway engineers and scientists put Zhan Tianyou’s wisdom (智慧) together with new ideas and technology to solve 47 problems of all times for high-speed railway. After the 48 , many people have expressed that they had the feeling of travelling on the “train through time”. They say that exhibits as well as the way they’re organized “really bridge the time and space”, and that they “have 49 a century-old story of China’s railway progress”. Seeing is believing! We are here waiting for you to see the changes and 50 of China’s railway during a period of a century! 【答案】 41．your 42．Museum 43．built 44．shows 45．national 46．importantly 47．difficult 48．visit 49．read 50．achievements 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国铁路博物馆正阳门馆的地理位置、历史渊源、展览内容及其展示的中国铁路发展历程和成就。 【详解】41．句意：如果你的答案是“是的”，那么中国铁路博物馆正阳门展馆就是一处适合你前来参观的地方。 此处需要一个形容词性物主代词，在句中作定语修饰名词answer。结合语境表示“你的”，所以选择your。 42．句意：如果你的答案是“是的”，那么中国铁路博物馆正阳门展馆就是一处适合你前来参观的地方。此处需要一个名词，在句中作句子的主语，方框内museum可供选用，表示“博物馆、展览馆”，专有名词首字母需大写。 43．句意：这座大厅修建于一处有着百年历史的老火车站。 此处需要动词的过去分词，本句为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was+过去分词；方框内build可供选用，表示“建造”，过去分词形式为built。 44．句意：一百多年以前，它是京奉铁路的起点。如今一个世纪过去，它已经被改造成一座展览馆，向世界展示中国伟大的铁路发展历程。 此处需要谓语动词，主语it为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时；方框内show可供选用，表示“展示”，动词需要变为第三人称单数形式shows。 45．句意：在这里你能够了解詹天佑先生（1861‑1919）——我国民族铁路事业的先驱，在那些艰苦岁月当中完成了他的铁路梦想。 此处需要一个形容词，放在名词railway前面作定语；方框内nation可供选用，表示“国家，民族”，形容词形式national。 46．句意：更为重要的是，你将会看到现如今我国铁路工程师与科学家们怎样传承詹天佑的智慧。 此处需要一个副词，用来修饰后面整个句子；方框内important可供选用，表示“重要的”，副词形式importantly。 47．句意：你会看到如今的铁路工程师和科学家如何将詹天佑的智慧与新理念、新技术相结合，为高铁解决历来的各类难题。 此处需要一个形容词，放在名词problems前面作定语；方框内difficult可供选用，表示“困难的”，单词无需变形。 48．句意：在参观结束以后，许多游客都表示，在馆内参观就仿佛一场穿越时光的列车之旅。 此处需要一个名词，放在定冠词the与介词after中间作宾语，方框内visit可供选用，表示“参观”，visit本身可作名词，单词无需变形。 49．句意：他们说展览真正搭建起时空的桥梁，也让他们读到一个世纪以来中国铁路的发展故事。 此处需要动词的过去分词，本句为现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词；方框内read可供选用，表示“阅读、读到”，过去分词仍为read。 50．句意：眼见为实。我们在这里等候着你来亲眼见证一个世纪以来中国铁路所发生的变化与成就。 此处需要可数名词复数，空格前面changes and，并列结构前后名词保持数的一致；方框内achieve可供选用，表示“实现，取得”，名词复数形式achievements。 Passage F 阅读短文，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they   write   in   die   ten   friend   final   different   however   fantastic How do you usually go travelling? Most people usually travel by train or plane. But Tom Turcich was 51 . He traveled around the world on foot. And he did it with a special friend. The 52 name is Savannah and she is a dog. A few years ago, one of Tom’s friends 53 . He started to know life was short, so he decided to go out to see the world. Tom went to many places on foot. The trips were long but 54 for Tom. He was happy that he could meet different people along the way. He was also thankful (感激的) when people welcomed him to 55 homes and gave him delicious food. 56 , he also met some problems. Once, he hurt(使受伤) his legs. Luckily, he could still walk. 57 , Tom finished his trips and went back home. He got a surprise when he learnt he became the 58 person to walk around the world. He was never interested 59 writing before, but now he spends at least two hours 60 every day. He wants to work as a writer to tell more people about his trips. 【答案】 51．different 52．friend’s 53．died 54．fantastic 55．their 56．However 57．Finally 58．tenth 59．in 60．writing 【导语】 本文介绍了汤姆·特尔西奇因朋友去世而决心徒步环游世界，他与狗同伴萨凡纳一起经历了精彩旅程和困难，最终成为第十位完成环球徒步的人，并因此爱上写作，想把自己的故事分享给更多的人。 【详解】51．句意：但汤姆·特尔西奇与众不同。此处需要一个形容词，作表语，说明主语Tom的特点或状态。前一句说大多数人坐火车或飞机旅行，但Tom是步行环游世界，所以他是different“不同的”。其他词都不符合此语境。 52．句意：这位朋友的名字叫萨凡纳，她是一条狗。此处需要一个所有格形式，作定语，修饰名词name。因为上文提到friend，下文出现一个名字，所以用friend’s“朋友的”。 53．句意：几年前，汤姆的一个朋友去世了。此处需要一个动词，作谓语。朋友的去世“die”，让Tom意识到生命短暂；a few years ago为一般过去时的时间状语，所以谓语动词用一般过去时died。 54．句意：旅途很长，但对汤姆来说很精彩。此处需要一个形容词，作表语，说明旅行的特征。空前but表示转折，long意为“长的”，所以空处应填表示正面评价的词。fantastic“精彩的、极好的”，符合语境。 55．句意：人们欢迎他到他们家里，给他美味的食物。此处需要一个所有格代词，作定语，修饰名词homes。when从句主语为people，应用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，来指代。 56．句意：然而，他也遇到了一些问题。此处需要一个副词，修饰句子。前面说人们热情招待他，这里说遇到问题，是转折关系。However“然而”，可放在句首，用逗号隔开，符合该用法。 57．句意：最后，汤姆完成了他的旅程，回到了家。此处需要一个副词，修饰句子。结束旅行回家表示整个故事的结局，用Finally“最后”。 58．句意：他成为了第十个步行环游世界的人。此处需要一个限定词，作定语，修饰名词person。根据语境，person前需要序数词表示“第几个”，ten的序数词是tenth“第十”。 59．句意：他以前对写作从来都不感兴趣。be interested in... 是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。 60．句意：但现在他每天至少花两个小时写作。上文提到写作，本句指花时间写作，选动词write。spend time (in) doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”，所以write要改为writing。 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 Passage G man    easy    so    nod    sun    swim    with    fight    he    careful It was a summer holiday. The weather was 61 and it was very hot. I was excited to go to the beach 62 my mother. My father was busy with his work, 63 he couldn’t come. There were many people on the beach. Several 64 sat on the beach, enjoying the sun. We went into the water. I said, “The water is really cool. It feels so comfortable to be in the water in such hot weather.” My mother 65 to show she agreed with me. After 66 for a while, my mother found a good place on the beach. We put up a big umbrella and sat under it to see people playing happily. Just then, a boy came over and asked me to build a castle with 67 . I was happy to help. We finished it 68 in just a few minutes. It looked great. Then we wanted to go into the water for fun again. “Be 69 !” my mother said. Then, we started to have a water 70 , laughing happily. I had fun and made a friend. What a great holiday we had! 【答案】 61．sunny 62．with 63．so 64．men 65．nodded 66．swimming 67．him 68．easily 69．careful 70．fight 【导语】本文讲述了作者暑假和妈妈一同前往海滩游玩，在享受海滨时光的过程中结识新朋友、度过愉快假期的经历。 【详解】61．句意：天气晴朗，十分炎热。根据“it was very hot”可知此处描述天气状况，且“was”后接形容词作表语，填入sun的形容词形式sunny。 62．句意：我很兴奋能和妈妈一起去海滩。根据“go to the beach...my mother”可知此处表示和妈妈一起去，使用介词with表伴随。 63．句意：爸爸忙于工作，所以他不能来。根据“was busy with his work”和“couldn’t come”可知前后分句构成因果关系，使用连词so连接。 64．句意：几个男人坐在海滩上享受阳光。根据“sat on the beach, enjoying the sun”可知此处缺少指人的主语，“Several”后接可数名词复数，填入man的复数形式men。 65．句意：我的妈妈点头表示同意。根据“she agreed with me”可知此处表示妈妈点头，且根据文章开头“It was a summer holiday.”可知全文时态为一般过去时，填入nod的过去式nodded。 66．句意：游了一会儿泳后，妈妈在海滩上找了个好地方。介词“After”后接动名词形式，由前文“We went into the water.”可知在水里游泳，填入swim的动名词形式swimming。 67．句意：就在这时，一个男孩走过来，邀请我和他一起堆沙堡。介词“with”后需接代词的宾格形式，根据“a boy came over and asked me to”可知是男孩邀请我，填入he的宾格him指代前文的“a boy”。 68．句意：我们在几分钟内轻松地完成了它。此处句子结构已经完整，需要一个副词来修饰动词“finished”，根据“in just a few minutes”可知表示轻松完成，填easy的副词形式easily。 69．句意：“小心点！”妈妈叮嘱我们。此处使用祈使句“Be+形容词”表示“保持某种状态”，根据前文游泳的语境可知，此处表示妈妈让我们小心下水，填入形容词careful。 70．句意：接着我们开始打水仗，笑得十分开心。此处使用搭配have a water fight，意为“打水仗”，“a”后接名词单数fight。 Passage H 短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整正确。（每个单词限用一次。每空限填一个单词。） she     one     quick     building     minute     be     delicious     meet     sleep     dress Susan went on a trip to Hastings with her friends last summer holiday. They were very happy because it was their 71 trip. The night before, Susan prepared enough things for the trip. She put a sweater and a new umbrella in 72 bag because it was cold and might rain there. She also took some 73 food and drinks—hamburgers, cakes and juice. Susan didn’t 74 very well that night, but she still got up early the next morning. She got 75 , washed her face and had breakfast at home. Then her father drove her to the bus station. Susan 76 her friends at the bus station. They waited for the bus for ten 77 . When it arrived, everyone got on the bus very quickly. The ride took about two hours. They spent most of the time singing and talking, so time went by 78 . When they arrived in Hastings, it was a little cold. They visited a castle (城堡) and all of them thought it was a great 79 . About two hours later, they were hungry. Then they had lunch in the park. In the afternoon, Susan and her friends traveled around the town. At 6:30 in the afternoon, they went back home. Susan 80 really tired, but she liked this great trip. 【答案】 71．first 72．her 73．delicious 74．sleep 75．dressed 76．met 77．minutes 78．quickly 79．building 80．was 【导语】本文记叙了Susan去年暑假和好友前往黑斯廷斯旅行的经历，讲述出行准备、候车路程、游览城堡与小镇的全过程。 【详解】71．句意：她们十分开心，因为这是她们第一次旅行。“…trip”表示“第一次旅行”，one为基数词，此处需要序数词修饰名词trip，first表示第一次，契合初次结伴出游的语境，因此选用first。 72．句意：她把毛衣和一把新雨伞放进她的包里……。空格修饰名词bag，需用形容词性物主代词；主格she转换为her，意为她的，对应主语Susan，因此选用her。 73．句意：她还带了一些美味的食物和饮品——汉堡、蛋糕和果汁。空格修饰名词food，需要形容词；delicious意为美味可口的，用来形容吃食，贴合后文列举的各类食物，因此选用delicious。 74．句意：苏珊那天晚上睡得不好。空格前有助动词didn’t，后需接动词原形，sleep意为睡觉，契合出行前一晚的状态语境，因此选用sleep 75．句意：她穿好衣服、洗脸，在家吃完早饭。固定搭配get dressed表示“穿好衣服”，是固定短语，dress变形为dressed。 76．句意：Susan在汽车站和朋友们碰面。“… her friends at the bus station”表示和朋友们碰面，时态为一般过去时，meet的过去式是met。 77．句意：她们等公交车等了十分钟。ten后接可数名词复数，minute复数形式为minutes，ten minutes表示十分钟，因此选用minutes。 78．句意：大部分时间她们都在唱歌聊天，所以时间过得很快。此处修饰动词went，要用副词；形容词quick变为副词quickly，修饰时间流逝的状态，因此选用quickly。 79．句意：她们参观了一座城堡，所有人都认为这是一处很棒的建筑。城堡属于建筑范畴，building意为建筑物，符合游览城堡的语境，因此选用building。 80．句意：Susan真的很累，但是她很喜欢这场精彩的旅行。主语Susan是第三人称单数，全文为一般过去时，be动词选用was，构成主系表结构，因此选用was。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $