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中职英语基础模块 3 · Unit 3 Artificial Intelligence
Unit 3 Artificial Intelligence 讲义
00 学习导航 · 重难点总览
一、单元学习目标(四维)
维度
具体目标
语言能力
掌握人工智能、科技发展类话题词汇;理解并运用非谓语动词(doing / done / to do)作定语修饰名词。
文化意识
了解人工智能的发展及其对社会、生活的影响,树立科技向善、理性使用的意识。
思维品质
能借助非谓语作定语梳理“动作—被修饰名词”之间的主动、被动与先后关系。
学习能力
能在“描述一项科技 / 一项发明”的真实情境中运用所学进行表达与交流。
二、重点与难点一览
◆ 重点 / 难点分级说明
★ 重点:AI 话题词汇;现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、不定式(to do)作定语的基本用法。
★★ 难点:判断非谓语与所修饰名词之间的主动 / 被动关系;doing(主动 / 进行)与 done(被动 / 完成)的区别;非谓语作定语与定语从句的相互转换。
01 核心词汇精讲
一、科技与人工智能话题词汇(分类速记)
单词 / 短语
音标 / 词性
例句 / 拓展
artificial intelligence
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
AI 人工智能(统称)
technology
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n.
modern technology 现代科技
robot
/ˈrəʊbɒt/ n.
a robot that cleans the floor
program
/ˈprəʊɡræm/ n./v.
program a computer 编写程序
data
/ˈdeɪtə/ n.
big data 大数据(复数概念)
machine
/məˈʃiːn/ n.
machine learning 机器学习
development
/dɪˈveləpmənt/ n.
develop v. → developing / developed
invention
/ɪnˈvenʃn/ n.
invent v. — inventor n.
scientist
/ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n.
science n. — scientific adj.
future
/ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/ n.
in the future 在未来
change
/tʃeɪndʒ/ v./n.
change our lives 改变生活
depend (on)
/dɪˈpend/ v.
depend on 依赖;取决于
二、动词与派生词汇
1. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展;开发 — development n. — developing(发展中的)/ developed(发达的)
1. invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明 — invention n. — inventor n. 发明家
1. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善 — improvement n.
1. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ v. 取代 → replace ... with ...(用……替换)
1. communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流 — communication n.
1. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象 — imagination n. — imaginative adj.
三、重点词汇辨析
辨析组
词义
要点 / 例句
invent
/ discover
invent 指“发明”原本不存在之物;discover 指“发现”原本就存在的事物
invent the telephone / discover America
developing
/ developed
developing 发展中的;developed 发达的(done 分词作定语,见语法)
developing countries / developed countries
machine
/ equipment
machine 可数名词;equipment 不可数名词
a machine(√) / an equipment(✗)
depend on
短语
依赖;取决于(on 不可省)
It depends on the weather.(√)
⚠ 易错 · invention / inventor / inventive
invention(n. 发明物/发明)、inventor(n. 发明家)、inventive(adj. 有发明才能的)三者词性不同,不可混用。
Edison was a great inventor who made many useful inventions.(inventor 指人 / inventions 指物)
02 核心短语与固定搭配
短语
释义 / 用法
artificial intelligence (AI)
人工智能
machine learning
机器学习
play an important role in
在……中起重要作用
depend on
依赖;取决于
replace ... with ...
用……替换……
communicate with
与……交流
in the future / in future
在未来 / 今后
make full use of
充分利用
be used for (doing) sth.
被用来做……
keep in touch with
与……保持联系
be connected to
与……相连 / 关联
look forward to
期待(to 为介词,后接 doing)
⚠ 易错 · 介词搭配
replace A with B(用 B 替换 A),介词用 with,不用 by。
look forward to doing sth.(to 是介词,后接名词 / doing,不接动词原形)。
be used for doing = be used to do(表示用途)。
03 核心语法:非谓语动词作定语(★★ 难点)
非谓语动词(Non-finite Verbs)指不作谓语的动词形式,包括现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)和不定式(to do)。当它们放在名词前或名词后修饰名词时,就充当定语。本单元重点掌握这三种形式作定语的用法。
一、三种形式总览
形式
构成
与名词的关系
例句
现在分词
doing
主动 / 正在进行
a running machine 一台运转的机器
过去分词
done
被动 / 已完成
a machine controlled by AI 被 AI 控制的机器
不定式
to do
将来 / 目的
a robot to help us 一个要帮我们的机器人
二、现在分词(doing)作定语 —— 主动 / 进行
当被修饰的名词是动作的发出者(主动),或表示正在进行的动作时,用 doing。
1. a talking robot = a robot that talks(robot 主动发出 talk 的动作)
1. the changing world = the world that is changing(正在变化)
1. developing countries = countries that are developing(发展中的)
三、过去分词(done)作定语 —— 被动 / 完成
当被修饰的名词是动作的承受者(被动),或动作已完成时,用 done。这是本单元最易错、最高频的考点。
1. a program written in Python = a program that is written in Python(program 被写,被动)
1. the data collected yesterday = the data that was collected yesterday(数据被收集,已完成)
1. developed countries = countries that are developed(发达的,相对于 developing)
★ 必背考点 · doing 与 done 的核心区别
① doing(主动):名词发出动作。 a moving robot 一个正在移动的机器人(robot 自己动)
② done(被动):名词承受动作。 a moved robot 一个被(人)移动的机器人(罕见)
★ 顺口溜:“名词是主人用 doing,名词是客人用 done”。
四、不定式(to do)作定语 —— 将来 / 尚未发生
不定式作定语表示“将要、有待去做”的动作,或修饰序数词、最高级、the only 等后的名词。
1. I have a lot of work to do.(有工作要做 —— 还没做)
1. He is the first one to arrive.(序数词后常用 to do)
1. This is the best way to solve the problem.(最高级后常用 to do)
五、前置定语 vs. 后置定语
位置
形式
例句
前置(名词前)
单个分词 / to do 短语
a running machine / a developed country
后置(名词后)
分词短语 / 不定式短语
a machine controlled by AI / work to do
固定规则
短语作定语一律后置
the book written by Lu Xun(后置)
六、非谓语作定语 ⇄ 定语从句(相互转换 · 重难点突破)
非谓语作定语本质上就是定语从句的“缩略版”。掌握转换规则,既能看懂长句,也能让写作更简洁。
定语从句
非谓语作定语
转换规则
a machine that runs fast
a running machine
主动进行 → doing
a program that is written ...
a program written ...
被动 → 去掉 that/be,留 done
a problem that we must solve
a problem to solve
将来 / 情态 → to do
★ ★ 三步判断法 · 秒杀非谓语作定语
第 1 步 找名词:确定被修饰的中心名词。
第 2 步 判逻辑:名词与动作是主动(doing)还是被动(done)?
第 3 步 看时间:动作尚未发生 / 表目的用 to do;已发生或常态用 doing/done。
七、重点规则与易错点
1. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语,不表示被动,只表示完成:the risen sun 升起的太阳(rise 不及物,无被动)
1. 现在分词与过去分词修饰“人”的区别:an interesting book(令人感兴趣的,修饰物)/ an interested student(感到感兴趣的,修饰人)
1. 不定式与所修饰名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系:I have a letter to write.(write a letter,主动);The letter is to be written.(被动)
⚠ 易错 · 非谓语作定语
① 名词是被动承受者却误用 doing:
✗ a program writing in Python ✓ a program written in Python
② 后置短语位置摆错:
✗ the written in Python program ✓ the program written in Python
③ to do 与 doing 混淆:
a machine to repair(要去修)≠ a machine repairing(正在修)
04 情景交际 · 谈论科技与人工智能
一、核心句型
1. AI is a technology that / which is developing very fast.(定语从句 + AI 话题)
1. Robots can do some work that is dangerous for humans.
1. What do you think of artificial intelligence? — I think it will change our lives.
1. Do you depend on smart phones in your daily life? — Of course, I can't live without them.
1. I'm looking forward to seeing more inventions in the future.
二、微型对话框架(含非谓语作定语)
◆ 对话示例 · Talking about AI
A: Look at this robot. It's a machine designed by Chinese engineers.
B: What can it do?
A: It can help with housework. It is a helpful invention created to save time.
B: Amazing! I'm looking forward to owning one in the future.
画线部分分析:① a machine designed by ...(过去分词 designed 作定语,machine 与 design 为被动);② an invention created to save time(created 表被动;to save time 不定式表目的);③ looking forward to owning(to 为介词,后接动名词)。
05 阅读与写作
一、长句拆解仿写
原句:AI is a technology used in many areas, such as education, medicine and transport.
拆解:主句 AI is a technology + 过去分词短语 used in many areas 作后置定语(= which is used ...)+ 举例 such as ...。
仿写:The Internet is a tool connecting people all over the world.(现在分词 connecting 作定语,主动)
二、写作:Artificial Intelligence in Our Life(范文)
◆ 范文 · 含非谓语作定语亮点
Artificial intelligence is a fast-developing technology that plays an important role in our life. Today, we can see many machines designed by scientists to make our life easier. For example, smart phones are useful tools connecting us with the whole world. In the future, more problems to be solved by AI will appear. However, we should use AI in a wise way. I believe a better world created by technology is waiting for us.
亮点拆解:① fast-developing(现在分词作前置定语,主动);② machines designed by scientists(过去分词作后置定语,被动);③ tools connecting us ...(现在分词,主动);④ problems to be solved(不定式被动,将来);⑤ a better world created by technology(过去分词,被动)。
06 高频易错点汇总
类别
易错点
正确 / 提示
词汇
invention / inventor 混用
inventor 指人,invention 指物
搭配
replace ... by ...
replace A with B(√)
语法
被动承受误用 doing
a program written ...(done)(必背)
语法
后置分词短语位置错误
名词 + done/doing 短语,一律后置
语法
look forward to do
look forward to doing(√)
辨析
developing / developed 混淆
developing 发展中 / developed 发达
从句
非谓语定语与定语从句转换
主动→doing;被动→done;将来→to do
07 分层巩固练习
A. 用所给动词的适当非谓语形式填空作定语
1. The teacher asked us to read the article ______ (write) by Lu Xun.
1. Look! There is a boy ______ (run) on the playground.
1. I have a lot of homework ______ (do) tonight.
1. This is a factory ______ (build) in 2010.
1. He is a famous ______ (invent) who has made many useful ______ (invent). (invent)
B. 单项选择
1. The book ______ on the desk belongs to Tom.
A. lying B. lain C. lay D. lies
1. The house ______ last year is now a science museum.
A. building B. built C. to build D. is built
1. She is the first student ______ the answer.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. knew
1. AI can help us solve problems ______ difficult for humans.
A. that are B. they are C. which is D. are
C. 句型转换(将定语从句改为非谓语作定语)
1. The machine that is used for cleaning is very useful. →
1. The man who is talking to your teacher is an engineer. →
08 参考答案(含解析)
A 填空
1. written article 与 write 为被动,用过去分词。
2. running boy 与 run 为主动且正在进行,用现在分词。
3. to do homework 有待去做,用不定式。
4. built factory 与 build 为被动且已完成,用过去分词。
5. inventor; inventions 第一空指人(发明家)用 inventor,第二空指物(发明物,复数)用 inventions。
B 单项选择
1. A book 与 lie(平躺 / 放置)为主动且表状态,用现在分词 lying 作后置定语。
2. B house 与 build 为被动且已完成,用过去分词 built。
3. C 序数词 the first 修饰的名词后,常用不定式 to know 作定语。
4. A problems 后接定语从句,先行词为复数,从句谓语用 are,引导词用 that / which(作主语不可省)。
C 句型转换
1. The machine used for cleaning is very useful.(主动词 used 为过去分词,表被动)
2. The man talking to your teacher is an engineer.(talking 为现在分词,表主动 / 进行)
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