Unit 2 Community Life 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版（第三版）基础模块3

本中职英语讲义围绕“社区生活”主题，系统梳理社区场所、志愿服务等话题词汇，详解定语从句关系代词基本用法及三步选用法，结合情景交际句型与阅读写作实例，构建从词汇短语到语法应用再到综合表达的学习支架。 资料以四维目标为导向，通过词汇分类速记与辨析（如neighbourhood和community区分）、语法易错点警示（如只用that的三种情况）提升语言能力，分层练习（填空、单选、微写作）助力思维品质培养，课中情景对话辅助互动教学，课后易错点汇总与答案便于学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

中职英语基础模块 3 · Unit 2 Community Life Unit 2 Community Life 讲义 00 学习导航 · 重难点总览 一、单元学习目标（四维） 维度 具体目标 语言能力 掌握社区场所、邻里关系、志愿服务类话题词汇；理解并运用定语从句（一）描述身边的人与事物。 文化意识 了解中西方社区生活与志愿服务的异同，增强社会责任感与参与意识。 思维品质 能借助定语从句梳理信息、准确表达“先行词—修饰”的逻辑关系。 学习能力 能在真实社区情境中运用所学进行描述、交流与合作。 二、重点与难点一览 ◆ 重点 / 难点分级说明 ★ 重点：社区生活话题词汇；关系代词 who / whom / whose / which / that 的基本用法。 ★★ 难点：定语从句中关系代词的选用；介词 + which/whom 结构；定语从句与并列句、简单句的区别。 01 核心词汇精讲 一、社区场所与设施（话题分类速记） 单词 / 短语 音标 / 词性 例句 / 拓展 community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. community center 社区中心 neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. in the neighbourhood 在社区里 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n./v. volunteer to help 自愿帮忙 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. charity event 慈善活动 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. public facilities 公共设施 recycling /riːˈsaɪklɪŋ/ n. a recycling center 回收中心 rubbish / garbage /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ collect rubbish 收集垃圾 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. protect the environment 保护环境 二、动词与描述性词汇 1. organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 组织 — organization n. 组织 1. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集 — collection n. 1. provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供 → provide sb. with sth. 1. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善 — improvement n. 1. communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流 — communication n. 1. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 属于 → belong to（无被动、无进行时） 三、重点词汇辨析 辨析组 词义 要点 / 例句 neighbourhood； community neighbourhood 指“街坊、地段”；community 指“社区、群体” the local community（强调人与组织）；the neighbourhood（强调地理范围） provide；offer provide 侧重“供给所需”；offer 侧重“主动提出” provide us with books / offer to help belongs；belonged 属于（不用被动、不用进行时） This book belongs to me.（√） It is belonged to me.（✗） ⚠ 易错 · belong to belong to 没有被动语态，也不用于进行时。 正确：The bag belongs to Tom. 错误：The bag is belonged to Tom. 02 核心短语与固定搭配 短语 释义 / 用法 take part in / join in 参加（活动） volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 provide ... with ... 为……提供…… belong to 属于 clean up 打扫干净；清理 give out / hand out 分发 put up 张贴；搭建 set up 建立；设立 care for / take care of 照顾；关心 communicate with 与……交流 get on well with 与……相处融洽 be responsible for 对……负责 ⚠ 易错 · 介词搭配 take part in + 活动（in 不可省）；join + 组织/人。 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.（两种形式宾语位置不同）。 communicate with sb. 的 with 不换成 to。 03 核心语法：定语从句（一）（★★ 难点） 定语从句（Attributive Clause）由一个句子充当定语，修饰前面的名词或代词（叫先行词）。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。本单元先学习关系代词引导的定语从句。 一、基本结构 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句（主语 + 谓语 …） 1. The man who is standing there is my uncle.（先行词 the man，指人） 1. This is the book which I bought yesterday.（先行词 the book，指物） 二、关系代词选用一览 关系代词 指代先行词 在从句中成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who is singing is Lucy. whom 人 宾语（正式） The man whom we met is a doctor. whose 人 / 物 定语（……的） That's the boy whose bike was lost. which 物 / 事 主语 / 宾语 The film which we saw was great. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 He is the best player that I know. as / but 特殊（少用） 固定句式 such ... as ... ; the same ... as ... 三、关系代词选用三步法 1. 第 1 步 看先行词：指人 / 指物 / 既有人又有物。 1. 第 2 步 看成分：关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语（whose 作定语）。 1. 第 3 步 看特殊情况：是否有序数词、最高级、不定代词等，决定是否只能用 that。 四、只用 that 的三种情况 ★ 必背考点 · that 的特殊用法 ① 先行词是不定代词：all, something, nothing, everyone 等。 I will tell you everything that I know. ② 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰： This is the best film that I have ever seen. ③ 先行词既有人又有物： We talked about the people and the things that we remembered. 五、重点规则与易错点 1. 关系代词作宾语可省略：The book (which) I like is on the desk. 1. 介词后只用 which / whom：This is the man to whom I spoke. （不说 to who） 1. whose + 名词 = of which the + 名词：the boy whose bag = the boy the bag of whom ⚠ 易错 · 关系代词选用 ① 指人作主语用 who/that，不可用 which。 ✗ The man which is here ... ✓ The man who/that is here ... ② 先行词含最高级 / 不定代词时，避免用 which/who。 ③ whom 只作宾语，口语中常可用 who/that 替代或省略。 04 情景交际 · 谈论社区生活 一、核心句型 1. There are many volunteers who help the old in our community.（定语从句 + 社区话题） 1. Would you like to take part in the charity event? — Sure, I'd love to. 1. What can we do to improve our neighbourhood? — We can clean up the park. 1. Who is the man that is talking to Tom? — He's a community worker. 1. How often do you do volunteer work? — Twice a month. 二、微型对话框架 ◆ 对话示例 · At the community center A: Look at the notice. There's a charity event that will be held this Sunday. B: What is it about? A: It's a program which helps the homeless. Would you like to join in? B: Of course. I'm a volunteer who enjoys helping others. 05 阅读与写作 一、长句拆解仿写 原句：Volunteers are people who give their time to help others without getting paid. 拆解：主句 Volunteers are people + 定语从句 who give their time to help others + 状语 without getting paid。 仿写：A community is a place where people live, work and help each other.（where = in which） 二、写作：My Community Life（范文） ◆ 范文 · 含定语从句亮点 I live in a friendly neighbourhood that is full of green trees and clean streets. There are many volunteers who often help the old and the sick. Last weekend, I took part in a charity event which was organized by our community center. We cleaned up the park and gave out leaflets about protecting the environment. I think a community is a place where people care for each other. I am proud to be a member of such a warm community. 亮点拆解：① that is full of ...（关系代词 that 指物作主语）；② who often help ...（who 指人作主语）；③ which was organized ...（被动语态 + 定语从句）；④ where people care for each other（where 引导定语从句，本单元拓展）。 06 高频易错点汇总 类别 易错点 正确 / 提示 词汇 belong to 误用被动 / 进行时 The bag belongs to me.（√） 搭配 take part in 漏掉 in take part in an activity（√） 语法 指人作主语用 which The man who/that ...（√） 语法 最高级 / 不定代词后用 which 只用 that（必背） 语法 介词后误用 who / that 介词 + which / whom 从句 定语从句与并列句混淆 定从有“先行词 + 关系词”，并列句用 and / but 07 分层巩固练习 A. 用适当的关系代词填空（who / whom / whose / which / that） 1. The woman ______ is standing by the door is our new neighbour. 1. This is the book ______ I bought for my brother. 1. He is a person ______ honesty is well known. 1. I have many friends ______ are volunteers in our community. 1. Is there anything ______ you want to say? B. 单项选择 1. This is one of the most interesting books ______ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 1. The man to ______ you spoke is our headteacher. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 1. Volunteers are people ______ help others without pay. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom C. 微写作（用定语从句合并句子） 1. I know a volunteer. He often helps the old. → 1. We visited a community center. It was built last year. → 08 参考答案 A 填空 1. who / that　　2. which / that（可省略）　　3. whose　　4. who / that　　5. that B 单项选择 1. B 先行词被最高级 most interesting 修饰，关系代词只能用 that。 2. C 介词 to 之后指人作宾语，用 whom（= who / that 的宾格形式）。 3. A 先行词 people 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who（也可用 that）。 C 微写作 1. I know a volunteer who / that often helps the old. 2. We visited a community center which / that was built last year. — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $