Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习 2026-2027学年上海沪教版（五四学制）英语七年级上册

**基本信息** 围绕现在完成时核心知识点，通过语法梳理-情境听力-分层练习构建“概念-辨析-应用”的完整训练体系，突出智能家居主题下的语言能力与思维品质培养。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法要点梳理|4个必备知识点|结构规则/时态辨析/副词用法/功能分类|概念生成→原理推导→应用拓展| |听力热身|6题（智能家居场景）|情境理解训练|主题语境→语法功能识别| |单项选择|45题（覆盖结构/副词/时态辨析）|考点分层突破|基础应用→易混点辨析→综合运用| |语法选择|10题（语篇综合）|语篇语法应用|单句语法→语篇连贯逻辑|

One, listening comprehension. 听力。理解a，listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question. Smart home technology has become very popular in recent years. Many people have already installed smart devices in their homes. Last month, my family bought a smart speaker in some smart lights. We have used the smart speaker every day. Since then. He can play music, tell the weather and set alarms. My mother is not learned how to use all the functions yet, but he likes the smart lights very much. SHE has already connected them to her phone. My father has just put a smart lock on the door. Now we do not need to worry about losing keys. Our smart home has also helped us save energy. The heating system turns off when no one is at home. I have never forgotten to turn off the lights because the smart system does IT for me. In the future, we plan to buy a smart fridge. I think smart homes make our lives easier and more comfortable. Smart home technology has become very popular in recent years. Many people have already installed smart devices in their homes. Last month, my family bought a smart speaker in some smart lights. We have used the smart speaker every day since then. He can play music, tell the weather and set alarms. My mother is not learned how to use all the functions yet, but he likes the smart lights very much. SHE has already connected them to her phone. My father has just put a smart lock on the door. Now we do not need to worry about losing keys. Our smart home has also helped us save energy. The heating system turns off when no one is at home. I have never forgotten to turn off the lights because the smart system does IT for me. In the future, we plan to buy a smart fridge. I think smart homes make our lives easier and more comfortable. This is the end of the listening comprehension. 听力部分到此结束。 学校：___________ 姓名：___________ 班级：___________ 考号：___________ 上海沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习 （教师版） 上海沪教版（五四学制） 七年级上册英语 本专题依据教材七年级上册 Unit 4 Smart home 中现在完成时的四个必备知识点，梳理其结构、意义、常用副词及功能用法，并结合智能家居主题提供例句与辨析。 听力热身（共6分） A.（共6分，每题1分） Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question（根据你听到的短文，选出每个问题最恰当的答案）【此处可播放相关音频，请去听力文件查看】 1. What have many people already done in their homes? A. Installed smart devices B. Bought new houses C. Sold their old TVs 2. What did the speaker's family buy last month? A. A smart TV and a fridge B. A smart speaker and some smart lights C. A smart lock and a robot 3. How often has the family used the smart speaker since then? A. Every day B. Once a week C. Twice a month 4. What has the speaker's mother already done? A. Learned all the functions B. Connected the smart lights to her phone C. Installed a smart lock 5. What has the father just done? A. Put a smart lock on the door B. Bought a smart fridge C. Turned off the heating 6. Why has the speaker never forgotten to turn off the lights? A. Because the smart system does it B. Because the mother reminds him C. Because he has no lights at home 听力原文与答案解析 A. 短文选择 【答案】1. A 【解析】短文中第一段提到 Many people have already installed smart devices in their homes，所以答案选 A。 【答案】2. B 【解析】短文中明确说 Last month, my family bought a smart speaker and some smart lights，所以答案选 B。 【答案】3. A 【解析】短文中提到 We have used the smart speaker every day since then，所以答案选 A。 【答案】4. B 【解析】短文中说 My mother has not learned how to use all the functions yet, but she likes the smart lights very much. She has already connected them to her phone，因此她已经完成的是把智能灯连接到手机，答案选 B。 【答案】5. A 【解析】短文中提到 My father has just put a smart lock on the door，所以答案选 A。 【答案】6. A 【解析】短文最后说 I have never forgotten to turn off the lights because the smart system does it for me，所以答案选 A。 【原文】Smart home technology has become very popular in recent years. Many people have already installed smart devices in their homes. Last month, my family bought a smart speaker and some smart lights. We have used the smart speaker every day since then. It can play music, tell the weather, and set alarms. My mother has not learned how to use all the functions yet, but she likes the smart lights very much. She has already connected them to her phone. My father has just put a smart lock on the door. Now we do not need to worry about losing keys. Our smart home has also helped us save energy. The heating system turns off when no one is at home. I have never forgotten to turn off the lights because the smart system does it for me. In the future, we plan to buy a smart fridge. I think smart homes make our lives easier and more comfortable. 二、本单元语法要点梳理 1. 现在完成时的基本结构 （1）现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。主语是第三人称单数时用 has，其他人称用 have。 （2）过去分词的变化规则与过去式相似：规则动词在词尾加 -ed；不规则动词需单独记忆，常见的有 been, done, gone, had, made, seen, taken, come 等。 （3）I have connected the smart speaker to the internet. She has turned on the air conditioner. （4）注意 have/has 与主语的搭配，不要漏用或错用：例如“He have done”是错误的，应为“He has done”。 2. 表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果 （1）现在完成时常用来表示过去发生的动作对说话时造成了结果或影响，动作虽发生在过去，但结果现在仍存在或与现在有关。 （2）The cleaning robot has already finished its work, so the floor is clean now. （3）与一般过去时不同，一般过去时只说明过去发生了某动作，而不强调对现在的影响；现在完成时则更关注当前的结果。例如：“He turned off the lights.”只说明他关了灯，而“He has turned off the lights.”暗示现在灯是关着的。 3. 与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 （1）already 常用于肯定句，表示“已经”，通常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间；yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，表示“尚、已经”，常置于句末；just 表示“刚刚”，位置同 already；ever 用于疑问句表示“曾经”；never 表示“从未”，用于否定含义。 （2）Have you ever used a smart lock? I haven't tried a smart oven yet. The smart speaker has just answered my question. She has never seen such a clever home system. （3）注意 yet 不能用于肯定陈述句，already 不用于否定句；never 本身已表否定，不能再加 not。 4. 描述经历、变化和已完成的事情 （1）现在完成时可以表示某人的经历，常与 ever, never, before 等连用，强调到目前为止是否做过某事。 （2）I have visited several smart homes. Have you ever controlled a robot with your phone? （3）现在完成时也可表示已经开始并持续到现在的状态或变化，或强调已经完成的动作及其结果。 （4）Our home has become much smarter than before. The smart curtains have closed automatically. （5）have/has been to 表示“去过某地”，人已经回来；have/has gone to 表示“去了某地”，人还没回来。例如：I have been to the smart home exhibition. My father has gone to the electronics store. 三、单项选择（共45题） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. My brother ____ his room, so it looks very tidy now. A. has cleaned B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. cleans 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】正确答案是A。现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，主语My brother是第三人称单数，所以用has cleaned，表示已经打扫完房间，对现在造成结果（房间整洁）。B选项cleaned是一般过去时，缺少助动词has；C选项have cleaned与主语不一致；D选项cleans是一般现在时，不能表示已经完成。 2. The children ____ all the biscuits, so there aren't any left for the guests. A. ate B. have eaten C. eat D. are eating 【答案】B 【知识点】表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】正确答案是B。现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响，孩子们吃完饼干导致现在没有饼干给客人。A选项ate是一般过去时，只说明过去动作，不强调对现在影响；C选项eat是一般现在时，表示经常性动作；D选项are eating是现在进行时，表示正在吃。 3. She hasn't finished her project ____, so she can't go to the party. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 【答案】B 【知识点】可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】正确答案是B。yet常用于现在完成时的否定句中，表示“还没”。A选项already用于肯定句；C选项just意为“刚刚”，用于肯定句；D选项ever用于疑问句，表示“曾经”。 4. I ____ the new robot exhibition twice, and it's really amazing. A. visited B. visit C. have visited D. am visiting 【答案】C 【知识点】可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】正确答案是C。现在完成时可描述经历，have visited表示“参观过”，与twice连用。A选项visited是一般过去时，缺少与现在的联系；B选项visit是一般现在时；D选项am visiting是现在进行时。 5. The smart home system ____ the temperature automatically since we installed it. A. controlled B. have controlled C. has controlled D. controls 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】正确答案是C。现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，主语The smart home system是第三人称单数，用has controlled，且since引导时间状语表示从过去持续到现在。A选项controlled是一般过去时，不能与since连用表示持续；B选项have controlled与主语不一致；D选项controls是一般现在时，不能表示从过去开始的持续动作。 6. Last weekend, my family ____ a smart home exhibition at the city museum. A. visited B. have visited C. has visited D. visit 【答案】A 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去发生的动作（last weekend）；现在完成时强调对现在造成影响或结果，不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。 【解析】选项A 'visited' 是一般过去时，与last weekend搭配表示过去动作；选项B 'have visited' 和 C 'has visited' 是现在完成时，虽表示经历但通常不与明确的过去时间点连用；D 'visit' 是一般现在时，表示习惯性动作，不符合语境。因此选A。 7. Tom has not cleaned his room ____, so his mother is angry now. A. yet B. already C. just D. ever 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时中，否定句和疑问句常用yet表示“已经，尚未”；already用于肯定句，just表示“刚刚”。 【解析】选项A 'yet' 用于否定句表示“尚未”，符合语境；选项B 'already' 和 C 'just' 通常用于肯定句，不用于否定句；选项D 'ever' 多用于疑问句或肯定句表示“曾经”，与否定句的“尚未”不符。因此选A。 8. Look! The children ____ a smart home model in the classroom right now. A. are building B. have built C. built D. build 【答案】A 【知识点】现在进行时表示此刻正在发生的动作（right now, Look!）；现在完成时描述经历或已完成的事情，与现在进行时形成对比。 【解析】选项A 'are building' 是现在进行时，与Look!和right now表示正在进行的动作一致；选项B 'have built' 是现在完成时，表示已经完成或经历，与正在发生的语境不符；选项C 'built' 是一般过去时，选项D 'build' 是一般现在时，均不符合。因此选A。 9. My father usually ____ the smart lights off before he goes to bed. A. turns B. has turned C. turned D. has turn 【答案】A 【知识点】一般现在时表示习惯性动作（usually）；现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，强调过去动作对现在的影响，与习惯性动作形成对比。 【解析】选项A 'turns' 是一般现在时，与usually表示经常性动作，且主语为第三人称单数；选项B 'has turned' 是现在完成时，强调影响或结果，与经常性动作不搭配；选项C 'turned' 是一般过去时，选项D 'has turn' 结构错误。因此选A。 10. I can't find my keys, so I think I ____ them in the car. A. left B. have left C. leave D. am leaving 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果（现在找不到），结构为have/has+过去分词。 【解析】选项B 'have left' 是现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在产生影响（现在找不到钥匙）；选项A 'left' 是一般过去时，只强调过去动作，未体现对现在的影响；选项C 'leave' 是一般现在时，选项D 'am leaving' 是现在进行时，均不符合语境。因此选B。 11. Many students know that the earth ____ around the sun, but they rarely think about it. A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has already gone 【答案】A 【知识点】一般现在时表示普遍真理或客观事实；与现在完成时中 already 等标志词的用法进行辨析。 【解析】A 项 goes 正确，因为地球绕太阳是客观事实，应用一般现在时。B 项 has gone 和 D 项 has already gone 为现在完成时，虽然 already 常与现在完成时连用，但描述客观事实时不能用现在完成时；C 项 went 为一般过去时，也不能表示恒常事实。 12. Last weekend, my family ____ to the new science museum and saw many interesting robots. A. has gone B. went C. has been D. goes 【答案】B 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的事情；与现在完成时描述经历、变化等用法进行辨析。 【解析】B 项 went 正确，因为 Last weekend 是明确的过去时间，应用一般过去时。A 项 has gone 和 C 项 has been 为现在完成时，一般不与具体过去时间连用；D 项 goes 为一般现在时，不符合过去语境。 13. My father ____ a smart speaker in our living room, and it works very well. A. installed B. is installing C. has installed D. installs 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词。 【解析】C 项 has installed 正确，现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词，主语 father 为第三人称单数，用 has。A 项 installed 为一般过去时，缺少现在完成时助动词；B 项 is installing 为现在进行时，表示正在安装，与后文 it works very well 矛盾；D 项 installs 为一般现在时，表示习惯性动作，不符合语境。 14. Look! The children ____ a new game in the park, and they are having great fun. A. play B. have played C. have just played D. are playing 【答案】D 【知识点】现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作；与现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响或结果进行辨析。 【解析】D 项 are playing 正确，Look! 和 they are having great fun 提示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。A 项 play 为一般现在时，表示习惯性动作；B 项 have played 和 C 项 have just played 为现在完成时，表示动作已完成或刚刚完成，与正在进行的语境矛盾。 15. At eight o'clock last night, my sister ____ her homework in her room when I called her. A. was doing B. has done C. did D. has already done 【答案】A 【知识点】过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作；与现在完成时中 already 等标志词的用法进行辨析。 【解析】A 项 was doing 正确，At eight o'clock last night 和 when I called her 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。B 项 has done 和 D 项 has already done 为现在完成时，虽然 already 常与现在完成时连用，但此处不能与具体过去时间连用；C 项 did 为一般过去时，不能强调那个时刻正在进行的动作。 16. Our city ____ a lot in the past ten years, and it looks very different now. A. changed B. has changed C. changes D. is changing 【答案】B 【知识点】可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情；现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词，此处主语 our city 为单数，用 has changed。 【解析】空格处需表达从过去十年至今城市发生了很大变化，强调对现在的影响（看起来不同），应用现在完成时 has changed。A 项 changed 是一般过去时，只表示过去发生，不强调对现在的影响；C 项 changes 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与 in the past ten years 及现在的不同结果不符；D 项 is changing 是现在进行时，表示正在变化，而句子强调已经完成的变化。因此 B 正确。 17. I don't know if she ____ her keys yesterday, but she looks worried now. A. lose B. has lost C. lost D. will lose 【答案】C 【知识点】宾语从句的时态：主句为一般现在时（I don't know），从句可根据句意使用所需时态；此处从句有 yesterday 表示明确的过去时间，所以用一般过去时 lost。同时辨析现在完成时 has lost 通常不与 yesterday 等明确的过去时间连用。 【解析】空格处需表达“昨天是否丢了钥匙”，有明确的过去时间 yesterday，应用一般过去时 lost。A 项 lose 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与 yesterday 不符；B 项 has lost 是现在完成时，虽然可表示影响，但通常不与 yesterday 连用，且这里强调过去发生的动作；D 项 will lose 是一般将来时，表示将来，语义错误。因此 C 正确。 18. Our class ____ a picnic in the park next Saturday, and everyone is excited. A. has B. had C. will have D. has had 【答案】C 【知识点】一般将来时表示从现在看将要发生的动作或状态，常用 will + 动词原形；此处有 next Saturday 表示将来时间。同时辨析现在完成时 has had 表示已发生，与将来时间不符。 【解析】空格处需表达“下周六将要去野餐”，时间 next Saturday 表明是将来的动作，应用一般将来时 will have。A 项 has 是一般现在时，不能表示将来的安排；B 项 had 是一般过去时，与 next Saturday 矛盾；D 项 has had 是现在完成时，表示已经完成，与将来时间不符。因此 C 正确。 19. My brother ____ just come back from school, and he is hungry. A. comes B. came C. has come D. will come 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时常与 just, already, yet, ever, never 等副词连用，表示动作已经发生，对现在造成影响（饿了）；结构为 has/have + 过去分词，此处主语 my brother 为第三人称单数，用 has come。 【解析】空格处需表达“刚刚从学校回来”，just 常与现在完成时连用，表示动作刚刚完成且对现在有影响（他饿了）。A 项 comes 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与 just 和现在的结果不符；B 项 came 是一般过去时，虽然可表示过去，但 just 更常用于现在完成时，且句子强调对现在的影响；D 项 will come 是一般将来时，表示将来，与 just 和“已经回来”矛盾。因此 C 正确。 20. Tom told me he ____ his uncle in the countryside the next week. A. visits B. visited C. would visit D. has visited 【答案】C 【知识点】过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或状态，常用 would + 动词原形；此处主句 Tom told me 为一般过去时，从句用过去将来时 would visit 表示当时计划将来要做的动作。同时辨析现在完成时 has visited 表示已经完成，与主句过去时和“下周”的时间矛盾。 【解析】空格处需表达“汤姆告诉我他下周将去看望叔叔”，主句 told 为过去时，从句应使用过去将来时 would visit，表示从过去看将来的动作。A 项 visits 是一般现在时，与主句过去时不一致；B 项 visited 是一般过去时，表示过去已发生，但 the next week 表示将来；D 项 has visited 是现在完成时，表示已经完成，与主句过去时和将来的时间不符。因此 C 正确。 21. My brother ______ his homework, so he can play outside with his friends now. A. has finish B. has finished C. have finished D. finished 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词；对比一般过去时和错误结构 【解析】正确选项为 has finished，因为主语 My brother 是第三人称单数，须用 has，且 finish 的过去分词是 finished。选项 A has finish 缺少过去分词形式；选项 C have finished 主谓不一致；选项 D finished 是一般过去时，不能表达对现在造成的影响（so he can play outside now），且句中无明确过去时间状语，故不选。 22. My younger sister ______ her leg, so she cannot walk to school today. A. breaks B. has broken C. broke D. is breaking 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果） 【解析】正确选项为 has broken，表示“摔断了腿”这一过去动作对现在造成影响（不能走路上学）。选项 A breaks 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不合语境；选项 C broke 是一般过去时，只陈述过去事实，未强调与现在的联系；选项 D is breaking 是现在进行时，表示正在摔断，不合逻辑。 23. My father ______ to Beijing last week, and he will return next Monday. A. has gone B. goes C. went D. is going 【答案】C 【知识点】一般过去时（与现在完成时辨析：一般过去时常与明确过去时间连用，而现在完成时常与 already, yet 等连用且不与 last week 连用） 【解析】正确选项为 went，因为句中有明确过去时间 last week，须用一般过去时。选项 A has gone 是现在完成时，表示“去了某地（未归）”，与 will return next Monday 矛盾，且不与 last week 连用；选项 B goes 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作；选项 D is going 是现在进行时，表示正在前往，与 last week 不符。 24. Look! The children ______ in the playground with their new ball, and they look very happy. A. have played B. are playing C. played D. play 【答案】B 【知识点】现在进行时（表示正在发生的动作；与现在完成时描述经历、变化对比） 【解析】正确选项为 are playing，因为 look 表明动作正在发生，需用现在进行时。选项 A have played 是现在完成时，表示已经玩过，与“正在看”的语境不符；选项 C played 是一般过去时，表示过去玩，与 look 的现场感矛盾；选项 D play 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作。 25. They ______ in Shanghai for three years, and they like the city very much. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词；与一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时对比 【解析】正确选项为 have lived，因为主语 They 为复数，且 for three years 表示持续到现在，须用现在完成时。选项 A live 是一般现在时，不合持续意义；选项 B lived 是一般过去时，缺乏明确过去时间，且不能表达持续到现在；选项 D are living 是现在进行时，虽然可表示现阶段居住，但不如现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在更符合 for three years 的语境。 26. The smart speaker usually ____ my voice commands correctly when I give them in the morning. A. has recognized B. recognizes C. recognized D. is recognizing 【答案】B 【知识点】一般现在时：表示经常性动作或习惯；对比现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。 【解析】句意为“智能音箱通常在我早上发出指令时正确识别我的语音命令。” 由usually可知表示习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，主语the smart speaker为第三人称单数，故动词用recognizes；has recognized是现在完成时，强调已经识别，与usually的习惯性语境不符；recognized是一般过去时，表示过去动作，而句子描述目前通常情况；is recognizing是现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生，也不符合usually表达的经常性行为。 27. My mother ____ a cup of tea every afternoon after she finishes her housework. A. has drunk B. drank C. drinks D. is drinking 【答案】C 【知识点】一般现在时：表示经常性习惯动作；对比现在完成时：可与already, yet, just, ever, never等连用。 【解析】句意为“我妈妈每天下午做完家务后喝一杯茶。” 由every afternoon可知表示习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，主语my mother为第三人称单数，动词用drinks；has drunk是现在完成时，通常与already, yet, just等连用，表示已经完成的动作，不适用于every afternoon的经常性语境；drank是一般过去时，表示过去某次动作；is drinking是现在进行时，表示此刻正在喝，与every afternoon不符。 28. My aunt ____ Beijing twice, and she plans to visit again next year. A. visited B. visits C. is visiting D. has visited 【答案】D 【知识点】现在完成时：可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情。 【解析】句意为“我阿姨去过北京两次，她计划明年再去。” 由twice可知表示过去经历，应用现在完成时，主语my aunt为第三人称单数，用has visited；visited是一般过去时，只表示过去某时去过，不强调经历次数对现在的影响；visits是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与twice搭配不自然；is visiting是现在进行时，表示正在访问，与twice和plans to visit again矛盾。 29. Last weekend, my father ____ a new smart lock on our front door. A. has installed B. installed C. installs D. is installing 【答案】B 【知识点】一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作；对比现在完成时结构：have/has + 过去分词。 【解析】句意为“上周末，我父亲在我们前门安装了一把新智能锁。” 由Last weekend可知表示过去具体时间发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词用installed；has installed是现在完成时，强调过去动作对现在的影响，但不与过去具体时间连用；installs是一般现在时，表示习惯性动作，与Last weekend矛盾；is installing是现在进行时，表示正在安装，也与过去时间不符。 30. Look! The children ____ a model of a smart home in the classroom at the moment. A. are building B. have built C. build D. built 【答案】A 【知识点】现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作；对比现在完成时：表示过去动作对现在造成影响或结果。 【解析】句意为“看！孩子们此刻正在教室里搭建智能家居模型。” 由Look!和at the moment可知表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语the children为复数，用are building；have built是现在完成时，强调已经完成，与正在进行的语境不符；build是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不适用于Look!提示的当下情景；built是一般过去时，表示过去动作，与at the moment矛盾。 31. My brother ____ already ____ all of his homework, so he can watch TV now. A. has, finished B. have, finished C. did, finish D. does, finish 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时与 already 连用；主语 my brother 为第三人称单数，用 has + 过去分词 finished。 【解析】正确答案 A。题干中 already 常与现在完成时连用，表示已经完成某事；主语 my brother 是单数，所以用 has finished。选项 B have finished 主谓不一致；选项 C did finish 是一般过去时，与 already 连用不自然且不能表达对现在的影响；选项 D does finish 是一般现在时，时态错误。 32. When I entered the room yesterday, my sister ____ the smart speaker with her phone. A. was connecting B. has connected C. connected D. is connecting 【答案】A 【知识点】过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作（was/were + doing）；对比现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情。 【解析】正确答案 A。when 引导的时间状语从句表示过去某一时刻，主句动作正在发生，用过去进行时 was connecting。选项 B has connected 是现在完成时，表示已经完成，但语境强调当时正在连接，且与 yesterday 的过去时间点冲突；选项 C connected 是一般过去时，只表示发生过，不体现进行；选项 D is connecting 是现在进行时，时间错误。 33. She said that she ____ never ____ such a clever smart home system before. A. has, seen B. had, seen C. did, see D. was, seeing 【答案】B 【知识点】宾语从句时态：主句为过去时态时，从句用相应的过去时态；过去完成时 had + 过去分词表示过去某时之前已完成的动作；对比现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词用于主句现在时。 【解析】正确答案 B。主句 said 是一般过去时，宾语从句需用过去时态；never 与完成时连用，且 before 表示在 said 之前已经经历，因此用过去完成时 had seen。选项 A has seen 是现在完成时，不能与主句过去时搭配；选项 C did see 是一般过去时，但无法体现 before 所强调的过去之过去；选项 D was seeing 是过去进行时，语境要求用过去完成时表示经历，所以错误。 34. Oh no! I ____ my keys, so I can't open the smart lock. A. have lost B. lost C. lose D. am losing 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果，结构为 have/has + 过去分词。 【解析】正确答案 A。现在完成时 have lost 表示钥匙已经丢失，对现在造成无法开锁的结果。选项 B lost 是一般过去时，只陈述过去事实，不强调对现在的影响；选项 C lose 是一般现在时，时态错误；选项 D am losing 是现在进行时，时态错误且语义不符。 35. Please don't worry about it. I ____ the smart home system for you tomorrow. A. will set up B. have set up C. set up D. am set up 【答案】A 【知识点】一般将来时 will + 动词原形表示将来动作；对比现在完成时常与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用，表示已完成或经历。 【解析】正确答案 A。tomorrow 表示将来时间，用一般将来时 will set up 表达承诺。选项 B have set up 是现在完成时，不能与 tomorrow 连用；选项 C set up 是一般现在时，虽可表将来但多用于安排好的计划，不如 will 自然；选项 D am set up 是被动语态，语义错误。 36. Last night, Lucy clearly told me that she ____ her homework before dinner. A. has finished B. would finish C. finished D. finishes 【答案】B 【知识点】过去将来时（would/be going to + 动词原形）表示从过去看将要发生的动作；对比目标：现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】主句谓语 told 为过去时，从句表示从过去看来将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时 would finish，故 B 正确。A 项 has finished 为现在完成时，强调已完成，但此处是从过去看未来，不适用；C 项 finished 为一般过去时，表示过去完成，与从过去看将来的语义不符；D 项 finishes 为一般现在时，时态错误。 37. Since this morning, my brother ____ his room, so it looks very clean now. A. cleaned B. has cleaned C. cleans D. is cleaning 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】句中有 since this morning 表示动作从过去持续到现在且结果现在可见，需用现在完成时 has cleaned（主语 my brother 为第三人称单数）。A 项 cleaned 为一般过去时，仅表示过去动作，未强调与现在的联系；C 项 cleans 为一般现在时，表示习惯动作；D 项 is cleaning 为现在进行时，强调动作正在进行，与 so it looks clean now 的结果不符。 38. The students are very happy now because they ____ all their homework already. A. finished B. have finished C. finish D. are finishing 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果；对比目标：现在完成时（补充）表示已经发生的事情 【解析】句中有 already 和 now 暗示动作已完成且对现在有影响（学生们高兴），需用现在完成时 have finished（主语 the students 为复数）。A 项 finished 为一般过去时，虽然可表示完成，但通常不与 already 连用且不强调对现在的影响；C 项 finish 为一般现在时，表示经常性动作；D 项 are finishing 为现在进行时，表示正在完成，与 already 矛盾。 39. Actually, I ____ my old phone last month and bought a new one. A. have sold B. sold C. sell D. am selling 【答案】B 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去发生的动作；对比目标：现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】句中有明确过去时间 last month，且动作已结束，需用一般过去时 sold。A 项 have sold 为现在完成时，虽然可表示完成，但与 last month 连用不合适，因为现在完成时不与具体的过去时间连用；C 项 sell 为一般现在时，时态错误；D 项 am selling 为现在进行时，表示正在卖，与 bought a new one 的先后顺序矛盾。 40. My uncle ____ to many countries, so he has many stories to tell. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时描述经历 【解析】表示“去过某地”的经历且对现在有影响（有故事可讲），需用现在完成时 has been，强调曾经去过许多国家。B 项 went 为一般过去时，仅表示过去去了，不强调经历；C 项 goes 为一般现在时，表示习惯动作；D 项 is going 为现在进行时，表示正在去，与句意不符。 41. Look! The children ____ in the garden right now, and they are having a great time. A. have played B. are playing C. has played D. played 【答案】B 【知识点】现在进行时表示此刻正在发生或现阶段正在进行的动作；与现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词进行辨析。 【解析】句首有 Look! 和 right now，表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时 are playing（选项 B）。选项 A 和 C 是现在完成时，强调动作已经完成，与语境不符；选项 D 是一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，也与 right now 矛盾。 42. My father usually ____ to work by bus, but today he is driving because of the rain. A. has gone B. goes C. went D. is going 【答案】B 【知识点】一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作、日常安排和客观事实；与现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响或结果进行辨析。 【解析】句中有 usually，表示经常性习惯动作，应用一般现在时，主语 My father 为第三人称单数，动词用 goes（选项 B）。选项 A 是现在完成时，表示“已经去了”，与 usually 的习惯意义矛盾；选项 C 是一般过去时，表示过去特定动作；选项 D 是现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生或将要发生，都不符合 habit 语境。 43. I ____ my homework already, so I can go out and play now. A. finished B. have finished C. finish D. am finishing 【答案】B 【知识点】可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用；现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词。 【解析】句中有 already，常与现在完成时连用，表示动作已经完成，因此选 have finished（选项 B）。选项 A 是一般过去时，不与 already 连用；选项 C 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作；选项 D 是现在进行时，表示正在做，与 already 的“已经”含义矛盾。 44. The earth ____ around the sun, and this is a scientific fact everyone knows. A. has moved B. moves C. moved D. is moving 【答案】B 【知识点】一般现在时表示普遍真理或客观事实；与现在完成时描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情进行辨析。 【解析】该句描述地球绕太阳转的客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语 The earth 为第三人称单数，动词用 moves（选项 B）。选项 A 是现在完成时，表示已经发生的变化；选项 C 是一般过去时，表示过去特定动作；选项 D 是现在进行时，虽然可表示现阶段持续的动作，但客观真理不随时间变化，故用一般现在时最为准确。 45. She ____ Paris twice, and she wants to go there again next summer. A. visited B. has visited C. visits D. is visiting 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词。 【解析】该句表达她去过巴黎两次的经历，且对现在有影响（想再次去），应用现在完成时，结构为 has + 过去分词，故选 has visited（选项 B）。选项 A 是一般过去时，只强调过去动作，不体现与现在的联系；选项 C 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作；选项 D 是现在进行时，表示正在发生，均不符合句意。 四、语法选择（共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My family lives in a smart home. 1 home is full of clever devices. Every morning, the lights turn on 2 six o'clock automatically. I usually wake up at 6:30, and the coffee machine 3 already making coffee. My parents 4 the house at 7:00, 5 I have breakfast first. After breakfast, I go to school by bus. In the evening, the lights turn off automatically when we go to bed. Our smart home also has a smart lock on the door. My parents can open it with their phones. The temperature is always comfortable because the system adjusts it. I like living in a smart home very much. Last weekend, we 6 hardly wait to buy a new smart speaker. It can play music, answer questions, and control other devices. I asked 7 it would rain tomorrow, and it told me the answer quickly. Now, I often ask 8 to set reminders for my homework. Sometimes I ask it to tell me jokes when I am bored. My little brother thinks the speaker is 9 interesting than a toy. He likes to talk to it every day. In our smart home, 10 many devices that make life easier. We feel safe and comfortable. My father says the smart home saves a lot of energy. It makes our daily life easier. 1．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 2．A．in B．at C．on D．for 3．A．is B．was C．are D．were 4．A．leaves B．leave C．left D．is leaving 5．A．but B．and C．or D．so 6．A．can B．could C．may D．must 7．A．that B．if C．what D．which 8．A．it B．its C．itself D．me 9．A．more B．most C．very D．too 10．A．there is B．there are C．it is D．they are 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本篇围绕单元主题设置语法语境，答案与解析对应各小题。 【详解】 前文已提到 a smart home，此处再次提到同一 home，表特指，故用定冠词 The。 具体钟点 six o'clock 前用介词 at，故填 at。 主语 the coffee machine 是第三人称单数，且表示正在进行的动作，故用 is making。 主语 My parents 为复数，根据语法一致原则，一般现在时谓语动词用原形 leave。 前句说父母七点离开，后句说我先吃早餐，语义转折，故用 but。 文章叙述上周的事，用过去式 could，且 could hardly wait 意为“迫不及待”。 动词 asked 后接宾语从句，根据句意“我问它明天是否会下雨”，用 if 引导。 ask 后接宾语，指代上文 smart speaker，用宾格 it。 interesting 为多音节形容词，比较级需用 more 构成，且 than 提示比较级。 主语 many devices 为复数，故用 There are。 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校：___________ 姓名：___________ 班级：___________ 考号：___________ 上海沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习 （学生版） 上海沪教版（五四学制） 七年级上册英语 本专题依据教材七年级上册 Unit 4 Smart home 中现在完成时的四个必备知识点，梳理其结构、意义、常用副词及功能用法，并结合智能家居主题提供例句与辨析。 听力热身（共6分） A.（共6分，每题1分） Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question（根据你听到的短文，选出每个问题最恰当的答案）【此处可播放相关音频，请去听力文件查看】 1. What have many people already done in their homes? A. Installed smart devices B. Bought new houses C. Sold their old TVs 2. What did the speaker's family buy last month? A. A smart TV and a fridge B. A smart speaker and some smart lights C. A smart lock and a robot 3. How often has the family used the smart speaker since then? A. Every day B. Once a week C. Twice a month 4. What has the speaker's mother already done? A. Learned all the functions B. Connected the smart lights to her phone C. Installed a smart lock 5. What has the father just done? A. Put a smart lock on the door B. Bought a smart fridge C. Turned off the heating 6. Why has the speaker never forgotten to turn off the lights? A. Because the smart system does it B. Because the mother reminds him C. Because he has no lights at home 二、本单元语法要点梳理 1. 现在完成时的基本结构 （1）现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。主语是第三人称单数时用 has，其他人称用 have。 （2）过去分词的变化规则与过去式相似：规则动词在词尾加 -ed；不规则动词需单独记忆，常见的有 been, done, gone, had, made, seen, taken, come 等。 （3）I have connected the smart speaker to the internet. She has turned on the air conditioner. （4）注意 have/has 与主语的搭配，不要漏用或错用：例如“He have done”是错误的，应为“He has done”。 2. 表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果 （1）现在完成时常用来表示过去发生的动作对说话时造成了结果或影响，动作虽发生在过去，但结果现在仍存在或与现在有关。 （2）The cleaning robot has already finished its work, so the floor is clean now. （3）与一般过去时不同，一般过去时只说明过去发生了某动作，而不强调对现在的影响；现在完成时则更关注当前的结果。例如：“He turned off the lights.”只说明他关了灯，而“He has turned off the lights.”暗示现在灯是关着的。 3. 与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 （1）already 常用于肯定句，表示“已经”，通常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间；yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，表示“尚、已经”，常置于句末；just 表示“刚刚”，位置同 already；ever 用于疑问句表示“曾经”；never 表示“从未”，用于否定含义。 （2）Have you ever used a smart lock? I haven't tried a smart oven yet. The smart speaker has just answered my question. She has never seen such a clever home system. （3）注意 yet 不能用于肯定陈述句，already 不用于否定句；never 本身已表否定，不能再加 not。 4. 描述经历、变化和已完成的事情 （1）现在完成时可以表示某人的经历，常与 ever, never, before 等连用，强调到目前为止是否做过某事。 （2）I have visited several smart homes. Have you ever controlled a robot with your phone? （3）现在完成时也可表示已经开始并持续到现在的状态或变化，或强调已经完成的动作及其结果。 （4）Our home has become much smarter than before. The smart curtains have closed automatically. （5）have/has been to 表示“去过某地”，人已经回来；have/has gone to 表示“去了某地”，人还没回来。例如：I have been to the smart home exhibition. My father has gone to the electronics store. 三、单项选择（共45题） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. My brother ____ his room, so it looks very tidy now. A. has cleaned B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. cleans 2. The children ____ all the biscuits, so there aren't any left for the guests. A. ate B. have eaten C. eat D. are eating 3. She hasn't finished her project ____, so she can't go to the party. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 4. I ____ the new robot exhibition twice, and it's really amazing. A. visited B. visit C. have visited D. am visiting 5. The smart home system ____ the temperature automatically since we installed it. A. controlled B. have controlled C. has controlled D. controls 6. Last weekend, my family ____ a smart home exhibition at the city museum. A. visited B. have visited C. has visited D. visit 7. Tom has not cleaned his room ____, so his mother is angry now. A. yet B. already C. just D. ever 8. Look! The children ____ a smart home model in the classroom right now. A. are building B. have built C. built D. build 9. My father usually ____ the smart lights off before he goes to bed. A. turns B. has turned C. turned D. has turn 10. I can't find my keys, so I think I ____ them in the car. A. left B. have left C. leave D. am leaving 11. Many students know that the earth ____ around the sun, but they rarely think about it. A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has already gone 12. Last weekend, my family ____ to the new science museum and saw many interesting robots. A. has gone B. went C. has been D. goes 13. My father ____ a smart speaker in our living room, and it works very well. A. installed B. is installing C. has installed D. installs 14. Look! The children ____ a new game in the park, and they are having great fun. A. play B. have played C. have just played D. are playing 15. At eight o'clock last night, my sister ____ her homework in her room when I called her. A. was doing B. has done C. did D. has already done 16. Our city ____ a lot in the past ten years, and it looks very different now. A. changed B. has changed C. changes D. is changing 17. I don't know if she ____ her keys yesterday, but she looks worried now. A. lose B. has lost C. lost D. will lose 18. Our class ____ a picnic in the park next Saturday, and everyone is excited. A. has B. had C. will have D. has had 19. My brother ____ just come back from school, and he is hungry. A. comes B. came C. has come D. will come 20. Tom told me he ____ his uncle in the countryside the next week. A. visits B. visited C. would visit D. has visited 21. My brother ______ his homework, so he can play outside with his friends now. A. has finish B. has finished C. have finished D. finished 22. My younger sister ______ her leg, so she cannot walk to school today. A. breaks B. has broken C. broke D. is breaking 23. My father ______ to Beijing last week, and he will return next Monday. A. has gone B. goes C. went D. is going 24. Look! The children ______ in the playground with their new ball, and they look very happy. A. have played B. are playing C. played D. play 25. They ______ in Shanghai for three years, and they like the city very much. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living 26. The smart speaker usually ____ my voice commands correctly when I give them in the morning. A. has recognized B. recognizes C. recognized D. is recognizing 27. My mother ____ a cup of tea every afternoon after she finishes her housework. A. has drunk B. drank C. drinks D. is drinking 28. My aunt ____ Beijing twice, and she plans to visit again next year. A. visited B. visits C. is visiting D. has visited 29. Last weekend, my father ____ a new smart lock on our front door. A. has installed B. installed C. installs D. is installing 30. Look! The children ____ a model of a smart home in the classroom at the moment. A. are building B. have built C. build D. built 31. My brother ____ already ____ all of his homework, so he can watch TV now. A. has, finished B. have, finished C. did, finish D. does, finish 32. When I entered the room yesterday, my sister ____ the smart speaker with her phone. A. was connecting B. has connected C. connected D. is connecting 33. She said that she ____ never ____ such a clever smart home system before. A. has, seen B. had, seen C. did, see D. was, seeing 34. Oh no! I ____ my keys, so I can't open the smart lock. A. have lost B. lost C. lose D. am losing 35. Please don't worry about it. I ____ the smart home system for you tomorrow. A. will set up B. have set up C. set up D. am set up 36. Last night, Lucy clearly told me that she ____ her homework before dinner. A. has finished B. would finish C. finished D. finishes 37. Since this morning, my brother ____ his room, so it looks very clean now. A. cleaned B. has cleaned C. cleans D. is cleaning 38. The students are very happy now because they ____ all their homework already. A. finished B. have finished C. finish D. are finishing 39. Actually, I ____ my old phone last month and bought a new one. A. have sold B. sold C. sell D. am selling 40. My uncle ____ to many countries, so he has many stories to tell. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 41. Look! The children ____ in the garden right now, and they are having a great time. A. have played B. are playing C. has played D. played 42. My father usually ____ to work by bus, but today he is driving because of the rain. A. has gone B. goes C. went D. is going 43. I ____ my homework already, so I can go out and play now. A. finished B. have finished C. finish D. am finishing 44. The earth ____ around the sun, and this is a scientific fact everyone knows. A. has moved B. moves C. moved D. is moving 45. She ____ Paris twice, and she wants to go there again next summer. A. visited B. has visited C. visits D. is visiting 四、语法选择（共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My family lives in a smart home. 1 home is full of clever devices. Every morning, the lights turn on 2 six o'clock automatically. I usually wake up at 6:30, and the coffee machine 3 already making coffee. My parents 4 the house at 7:00, 5 I have breakfast first. After breakfast, I go to school by bus. In the evening, the lights turn off automatically when we go to bed. Our smart home also has a smart lock on the door. My parents can open it with their phones. The temperature is always comfortable because the system adjusts it. I like living in a smart home very much. Last weekend, we 6 hardly wait to buy a new smart speaker. It can play music, answer questions, and control other devices. I asked 7 it would rain tomorrow, and it told me the answer quickly. Now, I often ask 8 to set reminders for my homework. Sometimes I ask it to tell me jokes when I am bored. My little brother thinks the speaker is 9 interesting than a toy. He likes to talk to it every day. In our smart home, 10 many devices that make life easier. We feel safe and comfortable. My father says the smart home saves a lot of energy. It makes our daily life easier. 1．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 2．A．in B．at C．on D．for 3．A．is B．was C．are D．were 4．A．leaves B．leave C．left D．is leaving 5．A．but B．and C．or D．so 6．A．can B．could C．may D．must 7．A．that B．if C．what D．which 8．A．it B．its C．itself D．me 9．A．more B．most C．very D．too 10．A．there is B．there are C．it is D．they are 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $