Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一轮复习 考点分层版 导学案-2027届人教版高三英语必修第一册

该高中英语导学案以“语篇驱动+考点分层突破”为框架，系统梳理自然灾害主题核心考点，涵盖核心词汇（affect, shock等）、短语（in ruins等）及句型（as if虚拟语气、be doing…when…），通过语篇导入、分层突破与综合运用，引导学生从语篇语境自主构建知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于自主诊断与语用迁移设计，开篇核心语篇标注考点，即学即练即时反馈，综合运用含单句填空、语篇填空等诊断工具，写作迁移提供结构框架与常用表达，培养语言能力与学习能力。助力学生自主梳理薄弱点，教师可依学情精准指导，实现因材施教。

高中英语必修第一册Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 一轮复习 ◆ 单元导入 本单元围绕"自然灾害"展开，以1976年唐山大地震为背景，讲述了灾难的破坏力以及人们在灾难面前的勇气和团结。一轮复习的重点在于：掌握核心词汇的用法和辨析、理解as if虚拟语气和be doing…when…句型、能在语篇中灵活运用这些知识点。本手册采用"语篇驱动+考点分层突破"的方式：先读一篇完整的唐山地震主题语篇，再按词汇、短语、句型三个层次系统突破，最后综合运用和写作迁移。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ◆ 核心语篇 阅读下面短文，注意文中标注的核心词汇和句型。 The Tangshan Earthquake At 3:42 am on July 28, 1976, a terrible earthquake 【struck】 the city of Tangshan. It 【seemed as if】 the world were coming to an end! The ground shook violently, and many buildings fell down. I 【was sleeping】 with my family 【when】 the earthquake happened. We rushed out of the house in 【shock】. Within minutes, the whole city lay 【in ruins】. The earthquake 【affected】 millions of people, and many were 【buried】 under the fallen buildings. The 【effect】 was devastating — thousands of people lost their lives, and even more were injured. But the people of Tangshan did not give up. Rescue workers made every 【effort】 to save the trapped. Soldiers and volunteers came from all over the country to help. With the support of the whole nation, Tangshan slowly recovered. Today, the city has been rebuilt, and the people there have shown the world the power of courage and determination. The Tangshan earthquake is a reminder that natural disasters can be destructive, but human spirit can overcome any difficulty. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ◆ 考点分层突破 第一层·核心词汇 ❶ affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 be affected by 受……影响；被……感动 be affected with 感染……疾病 effect n. 影响；结果 affective adj. 情感的 affect（动词）= have an effect on（名词短语） 注意拼写：affect vs effect 【即学即练】 1. With the government's aid, those ________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2. The quality of my life ________ (affect) greatly by the stress from work. 3. The baby was affected ________ a high fever and had to be sent to the hospital immediately. 4. The new policy will have a positive ________ (affect) on the environment. ❷ shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 （使）震惊 be a shock to sb 令某人震惊 with/in shock 震惊地 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 shocked adj. 震惊的（修饰人） shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰物） shock作名词时可与不定冠词连用：a shock 类似：a surprise, a pleasure 【即学即练】 1. My wife was also ________ shock when she realised it wasn't a dream. 2. I was equally ________ (shock) — and overjoyed — when she invited me to join the team. 3. All the people present felt very ________ at the ________ news. (shock) 4. The news of the disaster was ________ great shock to everyone. ❸ bury vt. 埋藏；覆盖；安葬 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 埋藏；覆盖；安葬 bury oneself in (doing) sth 埋头于（做）某事 be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 bury one's face in hands 双手掩面 burial n. 埋葬；葬礼 bury的过去式/过去分词：buried be buried in = bury oneself in（状态 vs 动作） 【即学即练】 1. In AD 79 the city of Pompeii ________ (bury) under a layer of ash seven metres deep. 2. The time capsule, ________ (bury) 50 feet below the ground, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. 3. The girl was sitting on the bench, ________ (bury) her head in the book in her hands. 4. Because he ________ (bury) himself in reading, he didn't know it was raining outside. ❹ effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 make efforts/an/every effort to do sth 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事 with (an) effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地 in an effort to do sth 试图做某事 effortless adj. 不费力的；轻松的 effort作"努力"时可数/不可数均可 make every effort = spare no effort 【即学即练】 1. He's jogging around the park every morning ________ an effort to get fit. 2. Efforts ________ (improve) teaching at the university level have recently emerged. 3. The local clubs are making every effort ________ (interest) more young people. 4. We should ________ (不遗余力地保护) our cultural legacies. ❺ strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；给（某人以……）印象 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 侵袭；突击；击打；给人印象 罢工；袭击 be struck by/with 被……击中；被……打动 It strikes sb that… 某人突然想到…… strike…into one's heart 使某人感到…… be/go on strike 罢工 striker n. 罢工者；前锋 strike的过去式：struck 过去分词：struck/stricken It strikes sb that = It occurs to sb that 【即学即练】 1. He ________ (strike) me as a very serious but friendly person. 2. A powerful earthquake ________ (strike) the Italian island of Sicily early this morning. 3. At this point, it suddenly ________ (strike) me that I was wasting my time. 4. Just as I was going downstairs, ________ (我忽然想起来) I had left the door unlocked. ❻ effect n. 影响；结果；效果 释义 搭配/用法 派生词 辨析 影响；结果；效果 have an effect/influence/impact on 对……产生影响 have no/a good/a bad effect on 对……没有/有好的/有坏的影响 take/come/go into effect 生效 in effect 实际上；事实上；有效 effective adj. 有效的；生效的 effectively adv. 有效地 effect（名词）vs affect（动词） have an effect on = affect 【即学即练】 1. Humour raises your energy, and that can have an effect ________ everything you do. 2. The decision was taken yesterday and will remain ________ effect until further instructions. 3. It is confirmed that the new timetable will come ________ effect next week. 4. Some students are hopelessly addicted to smartphones, ________ (对……产生负面影响) their grades and family relationships. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第二层·核心短语 ❶ in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 用法：lie/be in ruins 成为废墟；ruin oneself 毁掉自己；ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途。 【即学即练】 1. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood ________ ruins. 2. The party, which had been greatly looked forward to, ________ (ruin) by the rude behaviour of an uninvited guest. 3. After the big fire, the main building of the church was ________ (破败不堪). ❷ 灾难主题相关短语 dig out 挖掘出；发现 ｜ cut across 抄近路穿过 ｜ blow away 吹走 ｜ give out 分发；耗尽 ｜ in time of 在……的时候 ｜ at an end 结束 ｜ in honour of 为纪念…… ｜ take measures 采取措施 ｜ raise awareness 提高意识 ｜ make a difference 有影响；起作用 —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 第三层·核心句型 ❶ (It seems) as if/though… 似乎/好像…… as if/though可引导表语从句或方式状语从句，意为"仿佛，好像"。 ① 当从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，用陈述语气。 ② 当从句表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大的比喻时，用虚拟语气： - 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时（be动词用were） - 与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时（had done） - 与将来事实相反：从句用would/could/might + 动词原形 【即学即练】 1. When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it ________ (break). 2. I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ (close) the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new world. 3. Becky looked out of the window and saw the wolf standing over Mac's bicycle as if it ________ (be) a kill. 4. That boy munched his way through the meal ________ (好像他一个星期没见到食物了). ❷ be doing…when… 正在做……这时…… when在此是并列连词，连接并列句，意为"这时"。主句谓语动词常表示正在做、刚做完或将要做。 相关结构： ① be about to do…when… 正要做……这时…… ② be on the point of doing…when… 正要做……这时…… ③ had (just) done…when… 刚做了……这时…… 【即学即练】 1. He ________ (walk) for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. 2. I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, ________ fear seized me. 3. I was just about ________ (leave) when the hummingbird appeared. 4. She ________ (刚做完作业) her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ◆ 综合运用 Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. The 65-year-old man was found ________ (suffer) from early Alzheimer's disease. 2. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village ________ (destroy). 3. When the hurricane struck the coastal town, rescuers immediately came to the aid of those ________ (affect) by the disaster. 4. Seeing such a terrible sight, I could feel the coldness ________ (flood) from my back. 5. Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in and to be accepted, which means peer pressure can be ________ (power) and harmful. 6. At some 2,300 miles in ________ (long), the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. 7. Luckily, Tom survived the terrible car crash but he was the only ________ (survive) of the accident. 8. Finally, she managed to reach the top of the mountain, but she was ________ (breath) and tired out. 9. Some natural disasters, such as typhoons, tsunamis and floods, cause thousands of ________ (die) each year. 10. It suddenly ________ (strike) me that I would have an important meeting the next day. 11. My mother, who had a ________ (shelter) upbringing, has fantastic memories of childhood. 12. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. 13. Bad news came that the snowstorm delayed the ________ (deliver) of the mail. 14. For thousands of years, people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on ________ (wise). 15. We decided to collect as many school ________ (supply) as possible, and make them into kits. Ⅱ. 短语运用 1. He had a big task ________ (在手头) and he began to do it without delay. 2. After the big fire, the main building of the church was ________ (破败不堪). 3. He suddenly rushed out, leaving all the people in the room ________ (震惊，吃惊). 4. Before you ________ (实施) the plan, make sure it is practical. 5. It will probably take weeks or longer to ________ (挖掘出) and find out what is buried here. 6. The girl was well dressed, ________ (和往常一样), though in a more conservative style. 7. Audiences loved the show and many people were very sad when it ________ (结束). 8. There is no doubt that reading books can ________ (对……有好的影响) children. 9. The government has promised to ________ (采取措施) to reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. 10. We should ________ (不遗余力) to protect the environment for future generations. Ⅲ. 句型转换 1. When he woke up, he found that he ________ (太虚弱而站不起来了). (too+adj.+to…) 2. Joe remained immobile, ________ (好像他是由石头雕刻出来的). (as if) 3. Unfortunately, his parents were killed in the earthquake, ________ (留下他一人). (v.-ing作结果状语) 4. One day he ________ (正在看) in a second-hand furniture shop ________ he saw an amazing thing among many different vases and jewels. (be doing…when…) 5. ________ (有这么多工作要做), I can't go out to see a film with you. (with的复合结构) Ⅳ. 语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were 1.________ (sign) for an earthquake. But the people in the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am, everything began to shake. It seemed 2.________ the world were coming to an end! A huge crack cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds, the whole city lay 3.________ ruins. The number of people 4.________ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. But hope was not lost. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organized to dig out the trapped and to bury the 5.________ (die). Workers built shelters for survivors 6.________ homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to 7.________ (breath) again. Today, Tangshan has been rebuilt. The people there have shown great 8.________ (determine) and courage in the face of disaster. It is a city 9.________ will always be remembered for the spirit of its people. The Tangshan earthquake reminds us that natural disasters can be 10.________ (destroy), but human spirit can overcome any difficulty. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ◆ 语言素养提升 Ⅰ. 动词变形练 1. When I looked at her, she ________ (cast) a welcoming smile in my direction. 2. In order not to ________ (catch) in the heavy traffic, Daddy went to work half an hour earlier than usual. 3. I was having fun ________ (chat) online with my friend last night when suddenly the electricity was cut off. 4. He ________ (choose) his words carefully as he spoke. 5. The winner ________ (choose) out of thousands of people who sent their photos to the judges. 6. Mandy laughed and ________ (clap) her hands in delight. 7. Now he works in a huge company ________ (control) half of the world's coffee trade. Ⅱ. 构词法——前缀 mis- 表示"错误；坏" 指出下列黑体词的含义： 1. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the normal ones. 2. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately claimed. 3. Kevin's concern about the dog is that they may misbehave. 4. It would not matter if these misjudgements were just a matter of people's opinions. 5. Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. Ⅲ. 熟词生义练 指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义： 1. branch Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened a new branch in Bangkok. 2. break Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along the river and taking a break from the busy city life. 3. build She was of slim build with short, dark hair. 4. buy ① This was still a good buy even at the higher price. ② You could say you were ill but I don't think they'd buy it. 5. can ① You'll need a can of tuna for this recipe. ② He works in a factory where they can fruit. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ◆ 写作迁移——防灾减灾主题 【写作说明】 防灾减灾是高考应用文写作的常考主题，包括活动报道信、演讲稿、倡议书等。通过前面的语篇学习和考点突破，你已经掌握了自然灾害主题的核心词汇和句型。现在将所学迁移到写作中：模仿核心语篇的结构（灾难描述→救援行动→希望与反思），运用本单元词汇和as if虚拟语气、be doing…when…句型，写出一篇高质量的防灾主题作文。 【结构框架】 第一段：告知——引出话题（活动背景/目的） With…approaching, our school carried out a series of events which were of great significance. 第二段：活动内容介绍（具体活动+个人收获） Awareness events include… / The events are beneficial, for they not only…but also… 第三段：活动总结（个人感受+号召） In conclusion, / Let us… 【常用表达】 活动描述：carry out / a series of / be of great significance / raise awareness of / in time of 防灾知识：natural disasters / take measures / reduce the effect / make every effort / spare no effort 高级句型：It seemed as if… / I was doing…when… / with的复合结构 / 定语从句 【参考范文】 假定你是红星中学的李华，在全国防灾减灾日即将到来之际，你校开展了一系列活动。请你写信和你的国外笔友Jack分享活动开展的情况。内容包括：1. 活动内容；2. 个人收获。 Dear Jack, How is everything going? With National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day approaching, our school carried out a series of events which were of great significance. I'm writing to share some details with you. The events included professional seminars introducing theoretical knowledge and workshops teaching survival skills. We also participated in an earthquake drill, where we learned how to evacuate in order and protect ourselves during a disaster. I was listening to the teacher's lecture when the alarm suddenly rang — it was the drill! At first, it seemed as if the whole building were shaking, but we quickly calmed down and followed the instructions. The events are beneficial, for they not only raise our awareness of self-protection but also prepare us better for emergencies. I have learned that natural disasters can be destructive, but with proper preparation and knowledge, we can reduce the damage and save lives. What do you usually do to prepare for natural disasters? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua —————————————————————————————————————————————————— 参考答案与解析 ◆ 考点分层突破 第一层·核心词汇 ❶ affect 1. affected 过去分词作定语，"受影响的"。 2. was affected 一般过去时被动语态，"被影响"。 3. with be affected with"感染……疾病"。 4. effect 名词作宾语，have a positive effect on"对……有积极影响"。 ❷ shock 1. in in shock"震惊地"。 2. shocked 形容词作表语，修饰人"感到震惊的"。 3. shocked; shocking 第一空修饰人"感到震惊的"，第二空修饰物"令人震惊的"。 4. a a great shock to sb"令某人非常震惊的事"。 ❸ bury 1. was buried 一般过去时被动语态，"被埋藏"。 2. buried 过去分词作定语，"被埋藏的"。 3. burying 现在分词作伴随状语，"埋头于"。 4. buried 一般过去时，bury oneself in"埋头于"。 ❹ effort 1. in in an effort to do sth"试图做某事"。 2. to improve 不定式作后置定语，efforts to do sth"做某事的努力"。 3. to interest make every effort to do sth"努力做某事"。 4. spare no effort to protect spare no effort to do sth"不遗余力做某事"。 ❺ strike 1. struck 一般过去时，strike sb as"给某人……印象"。 2. struck 一般过去时，"侵袭"。 3. struck 一般过去时，It strikes sb that"某人突然想到"。 4. it suddenly struck me that It strikes sb that"某人突然想到"。 ❻ effect 1. on have an effect on"对……产生影响"。 2. in in effect"有效；实际上"。 3. into come into effect"生效"。 4. having a negative effect on / which has a negative effect on "对……产生负面影响"。 第二层·核心短语 ❶ in ruins 1. in in ruins"破败不堪"。 2. was ruined 一般过去时被动语态，"被毁掉"。 3. in ruins "破败不堪"。 第三层·核心句型 ❶ as if/though 1. were broken as if虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，be动词用were。 2. had closed as if虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。 3. were as if虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，be动词用were。 4. as if he hadn't seen food for a week as if虚拟语气，与过去事实相反。 ❷ be doing…when… 1. had been walking / was walking be doing…when…"正在做……这时……"。 2. when 并列连词，"这时"。 3. to leave be about to do…when…"正要做……这时……"。 4. had just finished her homework when had just done…when…"刚做了……这时……"。 ◆ 综合运用 Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. suffering find sb doing sth"发现某人正在做某事"。 2. were destroyed 一般过去时被动语态，"被摧毁"。 3. affected 过去分词作定语，"受影响的"。 4. flooding feel sth doing"感觉某物正在……"。 5. powerful 形容词作表语，"强大的"。 6. length 名词作介词宾语，in length"在长度上"。 7. survivor 名词作表语，"幸存者"。 8. breathless 形容词作表语，"气喘吁吁的"。 9. deaths 名词复数，"死亡人数"。 10. struck 一般过去时，It strikes sb that"某人突然想到"。 11. sheltered 形容词作定语，"受庇护的"。 12. had been trapped 过去完成时被动语态，"已经被困"。 13. delivery 名词作宾语，"递送；投递"。 14. wisdom 名词作宾语，"智慧"。 15. supplies 名词复数，"物资；供应品"。 Ⅱ. 短语运用 1. in hand "在手头"。 2. in ruins "破败不堪"。 3. in shock "震惊；吃惊"。 4. carry out "实施；执行"。 5. dig out "挖掘出"。 6. as usual "和往常一样"。 7. came to an end / was at an end "结束"。 8. have a good effect on "对……有好的影响"。 9. take measures "采取措施"。 10. spare no effort "不遗余力"。 Ⅲ. 句型转换 1. was too weak to stand up too+adj.+to do sth"太……而不能……"。 2. as if he were carved out of stone as if虚拟语气。 3. leaving him alone 现在分词作结果状语。 4. was looking; when be doing…when…"正在做……这时……"。 5. With so much work to do with的复合结构。 Ⅳ. 语篇填空 1. signs 名词复数，"迹象；征兆"。 2. as if as if"好像；仿佛"，引导表语从句。 3. in in ruins"破败不堪"。 4. who/that 定语从句关系代词，指人。 5. dead the dead"死者"，the+形容词表示一类人。 6. whose 定语从句关系代词，表所属关系。 7. breathe 动词，begin to do sth"开始做某事"。 8. determination 名词作宾语，"决心"。 9. which/that 定语从句关系代词，指物。 10. destructive 形容词作表语，"破坏性的"。 ◆ 语言素养提升 Ⅰ. 动词变形练 1. cast 一般过去时，cast的过去式还是cast。 2. be caught in order not to do sth，被动语态"被困住"。 3. chatting have fun doing sth"做某事很开心"。 4. chose 一般过去时，choose的过去式。 5. was chosen 一般过去时被动语态，"被选中"。 6. clapped 一般过去时，clap的过去式。 7. controlling 现在分词作定语，"控制"。 Ⅱ. 构词法 1. misshapen 畸形的；形状怪异的 2. miscomprehension 误解；理解错误 3. misbehave 行为不端；举止不当 4. misjudgements 判断错误；误判 5. misfortune 不幸；厄运 Ⅲ. 熟词生义练 1. branch 分店；分部 2. break 休息；小憩 3. build 身材；体格 4. buy ①便宜货；划算的买卖 ②相信；接受（借口等） 5. can ①罐头；一听 ②把（食品）装罐保存 ◆ 写作迁移——防灾减灾主题 （本部分为写作指导和范文，无配套练习题） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $