选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 分层作业本-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

Unit 1　Science and Scientists 【基础知识达标】 维度一 1.proof　prove　2.infected　infectious　infection 3.defend　defence　4.gifted　gifts　gift 5.steady　steadily　6.intervene　intervention 维度二 1.came down with　2.subscribe to　3.above all 4.in charge of　5.Thanks to 维度三 1.daily　2.automatically　3.making 4.commands　5.The　6.will be sent 7.which　8.In　9.to live　10.development 维度四 1.I will wait until he come to my assistance. 2.I think that I have benefited a lot from reading the English newspaper Youth. 3.It seemed that we had great difficulty solving the math problem. 4.I was so frightened that I screamed at the top of my voice on the back of the horse. 【素养能力培优】 一、阅读理解 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了即兴交流在建立深厚人际关系中的重要性,批评了传统小谈话的局限性,并强调了共同创造在连接中的核心作用。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,导致强烈人际联系的主要因素是参与共同创造的互动。故选D。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段可推知,我们文化中的典型小谈话往往无法建立真正的联系。故选D。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段以及下文对话示例可知,riffing指的是即兴、富有创造性的对话。C选项“我的植物最近看起来很沮丧”“我们可以给它放点爵士乐”最符合riffing的定义,因为它体现了即兴和创造性的交流。故选C。 4.B　主旨大意题。根据文章内容,第一段的“What makes someone feel like a lifelong friend after just a small talk?”,特别是第三段和第四段的对比,以及最后一段“Our aim of conversation, then, is not merely to exchange facts or surface⁃level similarities but to ask:‘What could we create together in this moment?’”可知,文章主要讨论了传统小谈话的局限性,并强调了即兴交流在建立深厚人际关系中的重要性。B选项“你可能做错了小谈话”最符合文章主旨,适合作为文章标题。故选B。 二、七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何通过视觉艺术激发写作灵感,并提供了古希腊“ekphrasis”(艺格敷词)的历史背景和现代应用的三步实践法。 1.F　前文指出文字提示可以用于克服写作瓶颈,后文强调视觉艺术能激发想象力,此处需引出艺术这种方法,因此F项“但还有一种强大的工具能释放创造力:艺术”符合语境,和前文构成转折,后文是对其递进。故选F。 2.G　前文提到古希腊人的“艺格敷词”的概念,后文提到这种方法的作用,此处需解释这一概念,因此G项“他们认为,对艺术进行生动描述能让读者身临其境”符合语境,承前启后。故选G。 3.D　后文举例说明旅行作家和作者本人如何使用照片和画作获得启发,此处是段首句,应总的说明绘画和照片的作用,因此D项“绘画和照片是特别有效的创作提示”符合语境,引出后文的具体案例。故选D。 4.E　前文介绍该方法的第二步,建议让思维发散,记录情绪或想法,后文提醒不必在意思绪纷乱,此处应起到过渡作用,强调保持开放的思维,因此E项“这一步的关键是保持开放,不要困于逻辑”符合语境,承前启后。故选E。 5.B　前文指出艺术有解放思维的作用,后文强调艺术对写作的帮助,此处应起到过渡作用,建议用艺术破解写作瓶颈,因此B项“所以,下次遇到瓶颈时,试试求助于艺术吧”符合语境,和前文是因果关系,引出后文,其中的art是后文It指代的对象。故选B。 三、语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了著名物理学家、诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁先生的生平事迹及其在科学与教育领域的贡献。 1.admission　考查名词。此处应填入名词作动词gained的宾语,动词admit对应的名词形式为admission,且“gain admission into”为固定短语,意为“被……录取”。 2.as 　考查介词。根据“a government⁃sponsored student(政府资助学生)”可知,此处表示的是“以……身份”,应用介词as,表示角色或身份。 3.following 　考查形容词。空格处需填入形容词作定语,修饰名词 year,两者之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用⁃ing形式的形容词,follow的形容词形式是following,意为“接下来的,随后的”。 4.was promoted 　考查动词时态和语态。主语he与谓语promote之间为被动关系,且时间状语为1966年,表示的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was promoted。 5.contributions 　考查名词。空白处在句子中作宾语,使用名词,contribution为可数名词,由many fields修饰,应用复数形式。故填contributions。 6.to obtain 　考查非谓语动词。空白处在句子中作定语,使用非谓语动词,且因空白处前面的名词被序数词修饰,所以空白处应使用动词不定式作定语。故填to obtain。 7.globally 　考查副词。此处需用副词修饰动词elected作状语,形容词global的副词形式为globally。 8.a 　考查冠词、固定短语。“a series of”为固定短语,意为“一系列”。故填a。 9.which 　考查定语从句。逗号前后为主从复合句,先行词为Committee,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。 10.has been 　考查动词时态。根据句子的时间状语since then可知,句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,谓语动词使用现在完成时。故填has been。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1　Science and Scientists (限时训练:50分钟) 　　　　　　　　　　　 维度一词形变化填空 1.With solid 　　　　　　, the lawyer can certainly 　　　　　　that he is innocent.(prove)  2.He was 　　　　　　with an 　　　　　　disease and the serious 　　　　　　likely claimed his life.(infect)  3.To 　　　　　　her from being hurt, I must say something in her 　　　　　　(defend)  4.The 　　　　　　girl who is distributing 　　　　　　among the homeless children has a 　　　　　　for many areas.(gift)  5.With 　　　　　　policies, the company􀆳s exports have been increasing 　　　　　　.(steady)  6.The problem lies in deciding when to 　.  The 　　　　　　will help settle the problem.(intervene)  维度二选词填空 come down with　　subscribe to　　in charge of thanks to　　above all 1.Unfortunately, the poor boy 　　　　　　a severe illness, which was difficult to cure.  2.All the people 　　　　　　the fact that Changbaishan is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.  3.I􀆳d like to buy a house — modern, comfortable and, 　　　　　　, in a quiet neighbourhood.  4.Could I speak to whoever is 　　　　　　International Sales please?  5. 　　　　　　his help, my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.  维度三语境词汇串记 In this not⁃too⁃distant future, we will be living in smart homes, which will transform our present 1. (day) routine. Initially, the electrical appliances will be controlled 2. 　　　　　　(automatic).Hence, we don􀆳t necessarily switch them on and off, 3. (make) our homes more energy⁃efficient. Of course, all controls will respond to voice 4. 　　　　　　(command).  Furthermore, smart homes will be monitoring our health. They will constantly keep track of our state of health.5. 　　　　　　instant some health problems are detected, an immediate warning 6. (send) to our cellphones, potentially saving our lives.  Last but not least, smart homes will prevent serious damage from accidents, 7. 　　　　　　will likely be caused by leaking water pipes or a short circuit in the electrical wiring.8. 　　　　　　this sense,smart homes will enable us 9. 　　　　　　(live) smart lives.   Besides, thanks to the 10. 　　　　　　(develop) of technology, big data will become more relevant in solving crimes. As is predicted,technology will completely change the way we live.  维度四经典句型翻译 1.我会等到他来帮我。(until引导的时间状语从句)   2.我认为我从读英文报Youth 中获益良多。(that引导的宾语从句)     3.似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。(It seemed that …)     4.我是如此害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。 (so … that …)     一阅读理解 (2025·广东佛山一模)There􀆳s a moment in human connection that􀆳s hard to describe — that sudden, electric feeling when you meet someone and feel your minds merge. Where does that spark come from, exactly? What makes someone feel like a lifelong friend after just a small talk? People tend to assume it􀆳s similarity — that they are especially likely to hit it off with someone who shares their background or personality traits. But in our research we􀆳ve found that many of the strongest bonds come less from existing similarity and more from riffing (即兴交流) playfully. In such moments, people create a little world that belongs just to them, a process we call “building a shared reality”. And yet, our culture􀆳s conversational rituals revolve not around playful co⁃creation but around exchanging formalities. Consider the small talk classic: “How was your weekend?” “Good. Just watched TV. You?” The conversation proceeds predictably. “Took my dog to the park, since it was so nice.” “Oh, I have a dog, too. What kind is yours?” “A lab mix. He􀆳s 3 …” Both parties walk away with information but still worlds apart. They may think they􀆳re playing it safe, but that safety traps them in disconnection. Instead, if these two people stray from the script and riff off each other, they may begin to feel that spark of genuine connection. It􀆳s like being a kid again: Kids skip the boring small talk and jump straight into play. “How was your weekend?” “Good, but I spent too much time watching people make tiny food on TikTok.” “Whoa, like…dollhouse⁃size?” “Yes. If you want to learn to make noodles in a bottle cap, let me know.” “That􀆳s amazing. We could organize a tiny food party — and all the dishes could fit on this coaster!” “We􀆳d need tiny furniture, too. Should we ask that guy over there to build it?” Moments like these can make two strangers suddenly feel like co⁃creators of a shared world. Riffing doesn􀆳t require being naturally funny, just being attentive and embracing spontaneity. Like any conversational skill, it takes practice. When riffing, speakers resist the urge to counter every observation with their own example, instead building bridges to new ideas. Our aim of conversation, then, is not merely to exchange facts or surface⁃level similarities but to ask: “What could we create together in this moment?” 1. What is the main factor that leads to a strong human connection? A.Having similar backgrounds. B.Sharing the same character traits. C.Exchanging factual information. D.Engaging in co⁃creative interaction. 2. What does Paragraph 3 suggest about typical small talk in our culture? A.It allows people to avoid arguments. B.It leads to deeper misunderstandings. C.It helps people get to know each other. D.It often fails to build real connections. 3. Which of the following conversations best illustrates “riffing”? A.“Favorite movie?” “Sci⁃fi, you?” “Me too”. B.“How􀆳s your new job?” “Busy. You?” “Same routine.” C.“My plant looks so sad lately.” “We could play it some jazz.” D.“I􀆳m tired from my beach vacation.” “My ski trip was tiring too.” 4. What􀆳s the most suitable title for the passage? A.Sharing Interests is Key to Understanding B.You􀆳re Probably Doing Small Talk Wrong C.The Best Way to Form Lifelong Friendships D.How to impress Others in First Conversations 二七选五 (2025·广东模拟预测)If you􀆳ve ever faced writer􀆳s block, you know how discouraging it can be. Some may use written prompts (提示) to overcome this challenge. 　1　 Visual art, in particular — whether paintings, photographs, or sculptures — can inspire your imagination and help you find your writing voice.  The practice of using art to inspire writing dates to the Greeks, who called it “ekphrasis”.　2　 It could make them feel as if they were seeing the artwork firsthand. Today, writers still use this technique to sharpen their descriptive skills and explore their emotions.  　3　 For example, a travel writer might use photos of a busy city or a peaceful landscape to recall sensory memories from the journey. Similarly, when I look at a painting, I quickly react to certain details — like a block of color or a shape. Then I􀆳ll ask myself what they remind me of, and how they make me feel.  To use art as a writing prompt, I recommend a simple three⁃step approach. First, find a quiet space and focus on the artwork. Let your eyes absorb the details. Next, let your mind wander, noting any emotions or ideas that arise.　4　 If your thoughts feel messy, that􀆳s okay. Let them flow like a stream, and catch whatever comes to mind. Finally, when you feel ready, start writing.  Whether you􀆳re writing about the artwork itself or using it as a tool for other ideas, this visual exercise can help you break through creative blocks. Art has a unique ability to free our minds from everyday limits. 　5　 It might just be the boost your writing needs.  A.It􀆳s time to start organizing your thoughts. B.So, the next time you􀆳re stuck, try turning to art. C.One can always find inspiration in a writing guide. D.Paintings and photographs are particularly effective prompts. E.The key to this step is staying open, not getting stuck in logic. F.But there􀆳s another powerful tool to unlock your creativity: art. G.They believed that describing art in vivid detail could transport readers. 三语法填空 Renowned physicist and Nobel laureate Chen Ning Yang passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. Yang was born in China􀆳s Hefei in 1922. In 1938, he gained 1. 　　　　　　(admit) into the National Southwestern Associated University, and got master􀆳s degree in science from Tsinghua University in 1944. In 1945, he went to the United States 2. a government⁃sponsored student, and earned PhD from the University of Chicago in 1948. The 3. 　　　　　　(follow) year, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1966, he 4. 　　　　　　(promote) Einstein Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and worked there until 1999.  Throughout his career, Yang made groundbreaking 5. 　　　　　　(contribution) in many fields of physics. In 1957, he and Tsung⁃Dao Lee became the first Chinese⁃born scientists 6. (obtain) the Nobel Prize. He was elected an honorary member of over 10 academies of sciences 7. 　　　　　　(global) and received numerous honors.  Yang􀆳s visit to China in 1971 inspired 8. 　　　　　　series of exchanges between Chinese and overseas Chinese scholars. He helped establish the Committee on Scholarly Communication with China, 9. 　　　　　　supported nearly 100 Chinese scholars in pursuing studies in the US.  Yang joined Tsinghua University in 1999. Since then, he 10. 　　　　　　(be) devoted to producing talent and strengthening China􀆳s basic sciences.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $