2027届高考英语一轮复习之阅读理解（说明文）15篇（广东专用）

**基本信息** 2027届高考英语一轮复习（广东专用）阅读理解说明文15篇专项训练，精选社会、科技、文化等多领域话题，系统培养语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |社会文化|4篇|细节理解、词义猜测|从现象描述到原因分析| |生态环境|3篇|推理判断、主旨大意|从问题提出到解决方案| |科技前沿|4篇|实验分析、应用拓展|从技术原理到社会影响| |文化艺术|4篇|文化认知、推理判断|从传统传承到创新发展|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（广东专用） 阅读理解说明文15篇 篇目 核心主题 话题分类 Passage 1 调查研究双职工家庭育儿家务分工现状，探讨父母家庭责任分配失衡问题 社会调查・家庭生活 Passage 2 城市热岛效应，树木降温效果不均衡，需多举措治理城市高温 生态环境・城市气候 Passage 3 洛杉矶郡艺术博物馆创新展览模式，全球多家美术馆革新展品排布方式 文化艺术・博物馆发展 Passage 4 倭黑猩猩想象力实验，探究灵长类动物是否具备人类独有的想象认知能力 科普研究・动物认知 Passage 5 大麦植株可通过挥发性化学物质感知竞争对手，并调整自身生长策略 自然科普・植物交流 Passage 6 受牧羊犬管控羊群策略启发研发新型群体控制算法，可运用于自动驾驶、无人机集群 科技前沿・仿生技术 Passage 7 人工智能机器人修完大学爱情哲学课程，探讨 AI 未来在教育领域的定位 科技人文・人工智能与教育 Passage 8 李小龙 “上善若水” 武术人生哲学的由来与内涵 人物科普・文化哲理 Passage 9 中式烹饪刀工的重要价值，刀工背后蕴藏的中国饮食文化 传统文化・饮食文化 Passage 10 产品卡通拟人化设计潮流兴起的原因以及该趋势带来的品牌同质化隐患 社会文化・品牌设计 Passage 11 2026 世界杯推出免费 AI 分析平台，缩小富国与小国足球备战的技术差距 体育科技・人工智能赋能体育 Passage 12 人工大脑不经教学自主习得数量估算能力，该成果助力数学障碍研究、机器人研发 前沿科技・AI 数感研究 Passage 13 日常烹饪产生的空气污染被长期低估，呼吁更新城市空气治理方案 环境科普・生活污染源 Passage 14 折纸艺术家裴浩正挑战吉尼斯纪录，探索单张 A4 纸拓扑变换的极限 文化艺术・手工创作 Passage 15 海洋酸化造成鱿鱼大脑萎缩、智力受损，或将引发整条海洋食物链危机 生态科普・海洋环境危机 Passage 1 As I sit down to write, I realize that today is the deadline for registering my daughters for winter basketball, and I still haven’t done it. I also need to text the babysitter in case my little daughter, who has a fever, can’t go to school tomorrow. Though my husband does a lot at home, especially spending time with our daughters, most of the planning and scheduling of their activities falls on my shoulders. This is not an uncommon situation for working mothers, according to a recent survey by the Pew Research Center on work-life balance. The survey reveals that in almost half of two-parent households (46%), both parents now work full-time, a sharp rise from 31% in 1970. While many parents in such households claim an equal division of household chores and childcare, a gender divide remains. The survey found that 54% of working parents said mothers handle more of the responsibility when it comes to managing children’s schedules and activities. “There is certainly an ebb and flow,” said Monica Sakala, a mother who works from home. “And there are days when I’m frustrated because I feel like too much of it is falling on my plate, but I think that’s just how we work it out and my husband may feel like he’s very involved and participatory.” The stress of household chores and childcare is not only a concern for mothers. The report found that 56% of all working fathers said stress affects their experiences as parents. Of the working fathers, 32% said being a parent is stressful and 39% said parenthood is tiring. The challenge of handling household chores and childcare is real, and there is a shift towards more equal sharing of responsibilities at home, though the balance is still a work in progress. 1．What do we know about the author as a mother? A．She does more in scheduling kids’ activities. B．She takes full charge of household chores. C．She does more in earning family income. D．She plays an equal role in educating children. 2．What is the percentage of parents working full-time now according to the survey? A．31%. B．46%. C．50%. D．54%. 3．What does the underlined word “frustrated” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relaxed. B．Annoyed. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconscious. 4．What does the author expect working parents to achieve? A．Elimination of unnecessary tests. B．A sense of fair play in family bills. C．Equal division of labor at home. D．A mutually agreed solution on pay. Passage 2 Cities are 1-3℃ hotter than surrounding rural areas, a phenomenon called the urban heat island effect. This heat threatens human safety, causing heat exhaustion and even death during extremely hot spells. Urban trees act as natural air conditioners through ground shading and the release of water from leaves, yet their cooling power is distributed unevenly across the globe. Researchers analyzed temperature and tree cover data of nearly 9,000 global cities housing 3.6 billion residents, comparing real urban environments with an imagined situation without any trees. Unlike previous satellite studies measuring overheated building and road surfaces, this research centered on air temperature that directly reflects people’s real experience of heat. The outcome exceeded expectations: trees nearly halve urban heat island warming, cooling most cities by 0.5-1.5℃ and effectively relieving heat pressure for over 200 million people. Cooling effects differ greatly — dry hot cities show obvious temperature differences between leafy and bare lands, while mild temperate (温带的) cities enjoy gentler, more consistent cooling. However, a city’s trees are not spread evenly. They’re often concentrated in wealthier neighbourhoods and suburban areas. Cities in cooler or more humid (湿润的) climates tend to have more. There’s a strong link with wealth. In the United States, lower-income areas average 15% fewer trees than wealthier areas — and are 1.5℃ hotter. This means vulnerable populations who need free cooling from trees the most are often the least likely to receive it. Though low-cost and beneficial to air quality and mental health, trees alone cannot fix urban overheating. Current urban trees only reduce 10% of predicted heat rise under moderate (适度的) climate conditions, and ambitious tree planting can merely raise this proportion to 20%. Therefore, cities must combine targeted tree planting in heat-baked neighborhoods with reflective building materials, green roofs and well-designed airflow plans. All local cooling strategies still depend on deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to slow global climate change and secure comfortable living spaces for future urban residents. 1．How is the new research different from earlier studies? A．It covers more global cities. B．It focuses on building surfaces. C．It tracks actual air temperature. D．It models a treeless environment. 2．What can we learn about tree cooling effects from paragraph 2? A．They change with climate types. B．They match the predicted heat rise. C．They average a 1.5℃ drop globally. D．They work best in low-income cities. 3．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Permanent. B．Uneducated. C．Disadvantaged. D．Urbanized. 4．What does the writer suggest to deal with urban overheating effectively? A．Stopping greenhouse gas release. B．Focusing on low-cost roof projects. C．Adopting multiple measures together. D．Expanding living spaces for the youth. Passage 3 A massive concrete-and-glass structure hangs above traffic on Wilshire Boulevard. It is the new home of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the largest art museum in western America. Its daring architecture is not the only unusual thing about it. “We’ve given up traditional categories of geography,” says Michael Govan, LACMA’s director. “The idea is to wander.” The museum’s single floor treats all artworks equally: no one movement is presented as more important than another. The museum is loosely organized around oceans to emphasize trade and cultural exchange. The Indian Ocean section, for example, includes Turkish ceramics (瓷器) with blue-and-white flower patterns, influenced by earlier Chinese designs. LACMA’s break from conventional organization symbolizes a movement towards global galleries as the global economy expands. London’s Tate Modern traditionally centered on Western European art. However, it rearranged its works by theme after 2000 to highlight cultural links. The press hated it. In 2019, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) rejected fixed long-term displays. Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” will probably always be on view but the neighbouring wall will sometimes hold photography. Such an adaptable approach allows for unexpected encounters. Yet not everyone may appreciate it. What is a thoughtful contrast to one visitor may be hard to understand for another. At LACMA a giant coffee table shows off ceramics from various eras. Why? Visitors who can scan QR codes will find out; the rest will merely wonder. But if such experiments fail to impress, curators (策展人) can rearrange the art again. Museums should not be inflexible palaces for artworks, many curators argue: they should reflect their surroundings and times. At the new LACMA, says Govan, “We don’t go into a dark box and somebody tells us what to think.” Rather, it tries to be in conversation with Los Angeles (LA). Architecturally, the museum’s uneven shape and floor-to-ceiling windows frame the palm trees (棕榈树) and hills, putting LA itself on display. 1．What is special about the new LACMA? A．Displaying artworks flexibly. B．Stressing ocean movement. C．Treating artworks differently. D．Featuring Chinese designs. 2．Why does the writer mention Tate Modern and MoMA? A．To compare them with LACMA． B．To highlight an exhibition trend. C．To promote long-term displays. D．To explain economic globalization. 3．What is a potential problem with the new exhibition style? A．It limits the variety of artworks. B．It depends on QR code technology. C．It brings little profit to art galleries. D．It causes confusion for some visitors. 4．What can be inferred about the new museum from the last paragraph? A．It values architecture over artworks. B．It may raise argument over art styles. C．It can mirror environments and times. D．It guides how visitors view the art world. Passage 4 Is the ability to pretend and imagine situations uniquely human? To find out the answer, a team of evolutionary scientists conducted a study with Kanzi, a language-trained bonobo (倭黑猩猩), exploring whether primates (灵长目动物) can fully understand the concept of imaginary objects. In the experiment, researchers tested Kanzi’s imagination through pretend play. A researcher sat across a table, placing an empty container and a pair of see-through cups on the table between them. The scientist then “poured” imaginary juice into each empty cup before pretending to tip one cup back into the container. Kanzi was then asked to visually locate the remaining juice. The team also recreated this setup by carefully “transferring” pretend grapes between two containers. Kanzi showed a remarkable capacity to trace the invisible items. He correctly pointed at the cup containing the imaginary liquid in 68% of the trials, and successfully identified the nonexistent fruit in 69% of the grape trials. To rule out that Kanzi was simply confused or failing to perceive reality, researchers ran a control test. Asked to choose between an empty cup used for pretend juice and a glass containing real orange juice, Kanzi routinely chose the real one, proving he engaged in make-believe consciously rather than merely copying human actions. While originally set up to investigate simple behaviors during structured trials, and conducted against the background that primates lack abstract thought, the study produced findings that go far beyond these initial expectations. “Our evidence shows some primates possess complex cognitive (认知的) processes once thought unique to humans,” said co-author Christopher Krupenye. This breakthrough casts new light on the deep evolutionary origins of human imagination. Importantly, however, Kanzi spent his entire life interacting with human scientists, acquiring advanced communication skills along the way. It remains unclear whether wild bonobos naturally share this cognitive ability. As psychologist Natalie Awad Schwob noted, “I’d love to see data from more typically raised bonobos to confirm if this imaginative tendency is universal or largely a result of human influence.” 1．What was Kanzi required to do in the experiment in paragraph 2? A．Mark the location of the cups. B．Choose between pretend and real juice. C．Track the movements of imaginary objects. D．Copy the pouring actions of the researchers. 2．What can we learn about Kanzi from the control test? A．He purposely mirrored humans. B．He naturally shared the cognitive ability. C．He distinguished reality from imagination. D．He failed to identify the physical objects. 3．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Its purpose. B．Its process. C．Its background. D．Its significance. 4．What do Natalie Awad Schwob’s words suggest? A．The need for data review. B．The negative effect of the research. C．A barrier to potential application. D．A possible direction for further study. Passage 5 Botanists have known that plants can communicate via chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). When plants are attacked by pests, the composition of the VOCs they release changes. Previous work has shown that this drives nearby plants to raise their own defences in anticipation of being attacked in turn. What has gone unexplored is whether plants detect VOCs released by their neighbours when they are healthy. So ecologist Velemir Ninkovic decided to run an experiment. Dr. Ninkovic and his colleagues planted three varieties of barley (大麦) that grow at different rates — one quick, one slow, and one middling. The plants were put in growing containers next to one another, but with no way for them to shade their neighbours. The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. The results were striking. The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. Fast-growing plants exposed to air from the containers of their slow-growing cousins reacted in the opposite way. With less need to race for the sun, they cut their growth rates notably. While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource-intensive defensive measures. Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. Farmers are already experimenting with using VOCs to boost productivity. Dr. Ninkovic’s results suggest VOCs could be used to stimulate protective compounds when pests are expected, or to accelerate growth when risk is low. 1．What role did the one-way air channels play in the experiment? A．They allowed sharing nutrients. B．They helped defend against pests. C．They regulated experiment conditions. D．They prevented plants’ overshadowing. 2．What does the underlined phrase “get a shift on” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Give in. B．Speed up. C．Move away. D．Watch out. 3．What happened to the fast-growing barley when exposed to air from its rivals? A．They invested more in self-protection. B．They stopped growing to avoid competition. C．They grew faster to maintain their advantage. D．They released more VOCs to warn their rivals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The role of VOCs in plant defense. B．Why plants grow at different rates. C．How plants keep spying on the competition. D．The benefits of planting crops in different places. Passage 6 The image of a sheepdog controlling a chaotic group of sheep with intense stares is a familiar one. However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm (算法) for managing “noisy” groups of robots. For sheepdogs, managing a large group is relatively straightforward; the safety of numbers creates predictable, collective movement. The true test of skill comes in the century-old tradition of sheepdog contests, where a dog must guide only four or five sheep. In these small groups, individual personalities dominate. Without the comfort of the crowd, each sheep constantly and randomly switches between “follow” and “run away” and quickly breaks their formation. This randomness makes small flocks significantly more difficult to control. Researchers, after analyzing countless YouTube videos and consulting with shepherds, found out the sheepdog’s strategy. The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.” Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. Old methods either make all robots follow one leader, or make them copy the average of everyone’s movements. If the leader messes up, the whole group messes up. If you average movements, different directions cancel each other out. Both weaken the controller’s commands. The new way avoids both problems. The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. “A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,” says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. 1．What does the finding of the recent study inspire scientists to develop? A．A control system for managing sheep groups. B．A method to manage a single robot effectively. C．A strategy to eliminate noisiness in robot groups. D．A new algorithm for robot group control. 2．What is the sheepdog’s key strategy for controlling a small group? A．Constantly chasing them to keep the movement. B．Taking advantage of the sheep’s random changes. C．Using force to fight the sheep’s indecisiveness. D．Keeping all the sheep in a fixed formation. 3．How does the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm” improve robot control? A．By reducing randomness among a group of robots. B．By having robots follow a shared human controller. C．By enabling robots to shift their source of guidance. D．By preventing robots from copying others’ movements. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control B．Sheepdogs: A New Blueprint for Robot Design C．Sheepdogs’ Strategy: A Lost Art for Modern Technology D．Indecisiveness: A Problem to Be Overcome in Robotics Passage 7 A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California. According to course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world’s first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, an achievement he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution. Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry’s classes for several years. One day when addressing Barry’s class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, a desire that Barry and his students enthusiastically supported. Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy of Love instead. Love is a concept Bina48 doesn’t understand, said Barry. Therefore, the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is. “Some interesting things happened in the class,” said Barry. He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, “is fairly simple — it’s a feeling,” said Barry. But the reality was different. Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future. Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point. Bina48’s contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube. It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate. In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely. 1．What was Bina48’s performance like in class? A．Extraordinary. B．Insignificant. C．Far-reaching. D．Unattractive. 2．What does the underlined word “addressing” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Dealing with B．Consulting with C．Giving a speech to D．Sending a letter to 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Humans can launch a challenge to artificial intelligence. B．Learning about love proved quite challenging for Bina48. C．Artificial intelligence may somehow be superior to man. D．Learning about love was an interesting experience for Bina48. 4．What does Barry think of the future development of Bina48? A．It will surely be able to serve as a teacher. B．It will be able to promote learning and teaching. C．It will completely take the place of instructors. D．It will be smart enough to control human beings. Passage 8 With his singular blend of physical mastery and philosophical wisdom, legendary Chinese-American Kung Fu actor Bruce Lee is one of those rare cultural icons whose morals and appeal remain timeless, attracting generation after generation of devotees. In 1971, at the peak of his career, Lee delivered his most cited metaphor for the philosophy of Kung Fu: “Be water, my friend.” This idea, however, did not come easily — it was born from years of struggle and a moment of unexpected enlightenment. At thirteen, Lee began studying Wing Chun, a traditional Chinese martial art, under Master Yip Man. For four years, he trained intensely, yet he grew frustrated. No matter how hard he tried, he struggled to grasp what Yip Man called “the art of detachment” — the ability to flow naturally without forcing or resisting. The more Lee tried to control his movements, the more rigid they became. One day, after another unsuccessful practice, Yip Man sent him home with unusual instructions: “Don’t practice this week. Go home and think about it.” Lee spent days meditating but found no answers. Frustrated, he rented a boat and sailed alone on the sea. As his anger built up, he suddenly punched the water with all his strength. That moment changed everything. The water did not suffer hurt. He struck it again — still no damage. He tried to grasp a handful, but it slipped through his fingers. “This water, the softest substance in the world,” he later wrote, “only seemed weak. In reality, it could penetrate the hardest substance in the world.” Then a bird flew overhead, casting its reflection on the water. In that instant, Lee understood Yip Man’s teaching. Our thoughts and emotions, he realized, should pass like the bird’s reflection — present but not lingering, felt but not blocking our response. This revelation shaped Lee’s approach to martial arts and life. He quoted Lao Tzu’s ancient wisdom: “Nothing is weaker than water, but when it attacks something hard, nothing withstands it.” Water has no fixed shape — it adapts, flows, and overcomes. 1．How does Bruce Lee initially feel about “the art of detachment”? A．Resistant. B．Confused. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical. 2．What does Lee’s interaction with water eventually reveal to him? A．The power of flexibility and resilience. B．The weakness of nature against human force. C．The importance of physical strength in fighting. D．The need to control one’s emotions completely. 3．What does the bird’s reflection on water symbolize in Lee’s understanding? A．The beauty of nature that inspires creativity. B．The importance of observing the world around us. C．The way emotions should pass through without sticking. D．The connection between humans and the natural world. 4．Which of the following scenes reflects Bruce Lee’s philosophy of “Be water”? A．A mountain stands firm through a violent storm. B．A martial artist forcefully overpowers an opponent. C．A student memorizes textbook answers before an exam. D．A dancer adjusts her movements flexibly to a new rhythm. Passage 9 Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped. This is partly because of the popularity of fast stir-frying as a cooking method. For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential. Careful cutting is not a superficial matter: it is key to the success of the final dish. Chopsticks, used in China for two, maybe even three thousand years, make their own demands. Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces. At grand feasts, you may find whole ducks, chickens or pork knuckles, braised (men) so lovingly that they melt away at the touch of a chopstick, but for everyday meals, almost everything is finely cut. But these are simply the practicalities of cutting. What are even more fascinating are the beautiful presentations it brings. Skilful cutting adds an extra dimension to the enjoyment of a dish. Think only of a stir-fry of eel (鳝鱼) and vegetables, where all the ingredients, different though they may be in colour, taste and texture, are cut into similar snaking strands. Delicate cutting is part of a refined and civilised culinary culture that has existed in China for thousands of years. “Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef. 1．What can be learned about stir-frying in China? A．It changes ancient Chinese cooking methods. B．It means cooking over a high heat for long. C．It works well with precise chopping of food. D．It is the first step to be a trainee Chinese chef. 2．Why are chopsticks mentioned in the passage? A．To demonstrate how Chinese use them to eat. B．To give an example of how Chinese usually eat. C．To prove their role on the Chinese dinner table. D．To reveal their influences on the way of cutting. 3．What does a Chinese chef have to learn about? A．Food and animals. B．Cutting and frying. C．Cutting and cooking. D．Presentation and nutrition. 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The cutting edge. B．The cutting board. C．Chinese cooking methods. D．Traditional Chinese dishes. Passage 10 In recent years, a new trend has become common in branding: everyday products such as food, drinks and even tools are given human features, like smiling faces and simple arms and legs. These lively images can now be seen in shops, advertisements and online platforms. They are often bright in color and simple in form, which makes them easy to notice and remember. This raises a question: why are such cartoon-like designs so popular? One reason is their emotional appeal. In a fast-paced and sometimes stressful world, people are naturally drawn to things that are simple and enjoyable. Compared with more serious or formal designs, these playful images can make people feel relaxed. By giving human qualities to ordinary objects, brands can create a friendly image and connect more easily with consumers. In this way, products become more engaging and easier to remember, which may influence people’s choices. Another reason is the inheritance of earlier artistic styles. This kind of design can be traced back to early animation, where characters were drawn with simple shapes and clear expressions. Today’s designers combine these elements with modern tastes, creating images that feel both familiar and new. As a result, such designs are accepted by people of different ages and are widely used in different industries, from food to fashion. However, the wide use of this style has also caused problems. With the help of digital tools, many businesses can produce similar designs with little effort. In some cases, companies even rely on ready-made templates (模板) instead of original ideas. As a result, different brands may begin to look alike, making it harder for consumers to tell them apart. This may weaken the unique image that a brand tries to build. Despite these concerns, this trend is unlikely to disappear soon. It reflects people’s desire for simple and enjoyable experiences in modern life. The key issue, therefore, is how such designs can be used in a more creative way, rather than simply copied. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The popularity of cartoon images in diverse places. B．The wide use of human-like features in product branding. C．The variety of industrial products with cartoon-like designs. D．The bright colors and simple forms used on product packages. 2．What kind of designs do consumers tend to prefer? A．Those helping to ease their pressure. B．Those stressing serious product qualities. C．Those bearing complicated human features. D．Those sticking to traditional formal styles. 3．What does the underlined word “inheritance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Origin. B．Copy. C．Objection. D．Influence. 4．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．Digital tools can encourage unique design ideas. B．Ready-made templates help improve design efficiency. C．Consumers will actively support creative brand images. D．A brand’s unique identity may suffer from similar designs. Passage 11 Traditionally, deep strategic analysis required extensive financial support and massive data teams, giving wealthy footballing nations a distinct advantage. Smaller countries with limited budgets could rarely afford dedicated data scientists or custom analytics software, creating an unfair gap in competitive preparation. This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co-developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo. The core of this AI revolution is Football AI Pro, a generative AI platform open free of charge to all 48 competing teams across Canada, Mexico and the United States. Powered by Lenovo’s advanced AI technology and built on FIFA’s tailored Football Language model, the platform processes hundreds of millions of data points from every match. It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy-to-digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations. Supporting over 15 human languages, the AI assistant lets coaches type natural-language questions before kickoff to study opposing teams’ patterns, and after games to fix their own team’s weak spots. To protect independent human coaching judgment, FIFA has set a strict rule: Football AI Pro cannot be used during live match play. FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity. The software can process endless match data, but it cannot copy a coach’s intuition, a referee’s sense of fair play, or a player’s spontaneous (自然发生的) in-game brilliance. Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. For decades, cutting-edge sports technology was a luxury reserved for well-funded top leagues and wealthy national teams. This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition. 1．Why is the AI platform developed? A．To narrow the divide. B．To maximize profits. C．To encourage creativity. D．To gain global popularity. 2．What can be learned about Football AI Pro from paragraph 3? A．It dominates live matches. B．It sets limits on language. C．It simplifies complex data. D．It determines human judgement. 3．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Limitations of AI platforms. B．Significance of AI-based sports tech. C．Prospect of top sports teams. D．Application of AI in football competitions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Football AI Pro: A Game Controller B．FIFA World Cup: A Highly Anticipated Event C．Football AI Pro: A Capable Assistant D．Football Match Model: A Charged Service Passage 12 A team of scientists, led by Marco Zorzi at the University of Padua in Italy, has discovered that an artificial brain can teach itself to estimate the number of objects in an image without counting them directly. This ability is similar to a natural skill shown by humans and animals, such as fish and lions. The computer model was not preprogrammed with numerical capabilities. Instead, it learned by examining many images and finding patterns on its own. “It answers the question of how numerosity emerges without teaching anything about numbers in the first place,” said Zorzi. The skill in question is known as approximate number sense, or ANS. A simple test of ANS involves looking at two groups of spots on a page and intuitively (凭直觉) knowing which has more dots, even though you have not counted them. For example, fish rely on this ability to choose the larger group to swim with, which increases their safety. To investigate ANS, Zorzi and his coworker Ivilin Stoianov used a computerised neural (神经的) network that responds to images and generates new ones based on learned rules. The software included several layers, similar to how the human visual system works. The first layer responded to simple visual details, while deeper layers processed more complex information. The pair fed the network 51,800 images, each containing up to 32 rectangles (矩形) of varying sizes. When Zorzi and Stoianov analyzed the network’s behaviour, they discovered a subset of neurons in the deepest layer that fired more often as the number of objects in the image decreased. This suggested that the network had learned to estimate the number of objects in each image as part of its rules for generating images. This behaviour was independent of the total surface area of the objects, emphasising that the neurons were detecting number. This discovery could help researchers understand dyscalculia, a condition that makes learning basic math very difficult for some people. It may also open up possibilities for AI in fields like robotics and computer vision, where fast estimation is often needed. 1．The computer model in the study develops a sense of numerosity through ________. A．counting objects B．preset number rules C．observing images D．updated information 2．How do fish benefit from ANS? A．They establish a natural habitat. B．They escape danger and stay safe. C．They can swim in deep waters. D．They can attack enemies quietly. 3．What can we infer about the finding? A．It will lower the cost of robots. B．It may offer a cure for diseases. C．It will enhance higher education. D．It may enhance AI’s performance. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Role of Neural Networks in Robots B．AI and Its Impacts on Learning Numbers C．An Artificial Brain Learns Number Sense D．ANS Poses a Challenge to Human Beings Passage 13 When people think of urban air pollution, vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions usually come to mind first. For decades, these have been the primary targets of environmental regulations. However, a new study suggests that everyday cooking may be a much larger contributor to urban air pollution than previously recognized. The research, published in ACS ES&T Air, analyzed air samples and applied an advanced data-driven approach to identify the sources of organic aerosols (有机气溶胶) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban environments. The team found that cooking emissions account for about 7% of total VOCs. More importantly, they identified cooking organic aerosols as making up roughly 21% of total organic aerosols in the air. These cooking-emitted VOCs contribute to both secondary pollution formation and health risks. The study also pointed out a significant defect. Previously, cooking-emitted VOCs had been largely overlooked in VOC assessments as they are difficult to identify among the complex mixture of urban pollutants. The researchers confirmed their findings by directly comparing them with kitchen cooking experiments, which showed strong relation. “These findings challenge the previous practice of simply emitting cooking gas outdoors to protect indoor air quality,” the study suggests. “More effective measures to deal with cooking exhaust before it is released may be necessary.” The discovery is particularly significant for cities with greater populations, where millions of meals are prepared daily in both homes and restaurants. While cooking is an essential part of daily life, the study indicates that its environmental impact has been underestimated. The researchers emphasized that this does not mean people should stop cooking, but rather that urban air quality management strategies need to be updated to include this previously overlooked source. As cities continue to strengthen regulations on vehicle and industrial emissions, the relative importance of cooking-related pollution is likely to grow. The study serves as a reminder that solving the air pollution problems requires looking beyond the usual suspects. 1．What does the new study find about cooking emissions? A．They are more dangerous than vehicle exhaust. B．They were underestimated as an air pollutant source. C．They have been the focus of regulations for decades. D．They account for the largest part of the VOCs. 2．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Statistic. B．Shortcoming. C．Discussion. D．Prediction. 3．What may the researchers suggest based on their findings? A．Reducing the frequency of home cooking. B．Treating cooking exhaust before releasing it. C．Shifting the focus to industrial emissions. D．Conducting more kitchen cooking experiments. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Cooking pollution will decrease as vehicle emissions drop. B．Cooking will replace vehicles as the main pollution source. C．The relative importance of cooking pollution may become more evident. D．Current regulations on cooking are already strict enough. Passage 14 Chinese origami (折纸艺术) artist Pei Haozheng, also known as Hotz Pei, is no stranger to Guinness World Records. He once folded the most origami flowers made from a single sheet of paper (100), and then created the largest origami snail ever, but this year he embarked on his most challenging record attempt yet — cutting the longest continuous strip of paper from a single A4 sheet. Technically, it should have been a walk in the park for this master of paper art, as the length to beat was a modest 2.5 meters, but he challenged himself to cut the longest strip possible, so he spent about a year experimenting with different types of paper, cutting techniques and instruments. In the end, he managed to cut a thin, continuous strip 108.15 meters in length. “The strip I created measured 108.15 meters long and 0.5 millimeters wide,” Hotz Pei told Guinness World Records. “The entire process, from initial preparation to trials and errors to the official attempt and the final artwork, Between Chaos and Order, took approximately one year.” To maximize his chances of success, the talented artist first had to identify the most appropriate medium for the challenges, and he ultimately settled on a silver piece of A4 paper with a mirror-like reflective surface. Once that was over, he had to figure out the best cutting method, and although he experimented with some advanced techniques and instruments, he found the most “primitive” option — cutting with scissors — to be the most effective. “The third step was the formal attempt, which demanded precision, patience, and technical skill,” the artist explained. “I carefully cut the paper, resulting in a strip that resembled a tangle of raffia grass. In the fourth step, I transformed the 108.15m of paper strips into an artistic and organized artwork shaped like a cerebral (大脑的) nerve slice.” “This world record was a personal challenge to discover the limits of topological (拓扑的) transformation of this single sheet of paper,” Pei added. How he managed to cut a thin, continuous strip of paper about the length of a football stadium without accidentally breaking it is a mystery, but it’s hard to imagine someone breaking his record anytime soon. 1．What does the underlined phrase “a walk in the park” mean? A．A task that requires great patience and precision. B．A creative challenge that brings great pleasure. C．A short outdoor activity for relaxation. D．An easy task that can be accomplished effortlessly. 2．Why did Pei finally choose scissors in the challenge? A．Professional cutting tools would damage the paper. B．He has got used to using them. C．They are the only usable tool. D．He found they worked best after testing. 3．What was the core motivation for Pei to launch the challenge this year? A．To break the previous record. B．To explore the extreme shape of a sheet of paper. C．To create artwork for public exhibition. D．To promote traditional Chinese paper-cutting art. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Pei’s record will remain unbroken for at least a decade. B．Guinness will raise the difficulty level for the record. C．The difficulty of Pei’s achievement is greater than expected. D．Pei will continue to challenge more world records. Passage 15 Squid (鱿鱼) are widely regarded as one of the most intelligent groups of animals living in the ocean. Across roughly 375 species, squid can hunt cooperatively, recognize individual humans and learn from experience. However, according to an ongoing scientific study, ocean acidification (酸化), an often overlooked effect of human-caused climate change, could change this within decades. Researchers raised newly hatched squid in separate tanks-one reflecting present-day ocean CO₂, (pH 8.2) and the other representing CO₂ levels in the year 2100 based on a climate change prediction model (pH 7.8). After 90 days, the squid were removed and their heads were kept for analysis. Dr. Allen discovered that the brains of squid from the high-acid tank were 49% smaller in volume than the brains of squid raised under current CO₂ conditions. The most striking damage occurs in the squid’s optic lobes and optic tracts — brain regions responsible for handling visual information-which shrink (收缩) by over 50%. This brain damage directly leads to changes in behaviour. An earlier study found that squid exposed to high CO₂, hunt less often, and Dr. Allen links this to weaker vision. He believes the shrinking brain makes it harder for brain cells to pass signals correctly, which in turn affects their judgment and makes them more hesitant while hunting. The oceans take in nearly 30% of human-released CO₂ which has raised seawater acidity by about 30%, says the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA predicts ocean acidity could rise another 100%-150% by the end of this century if we keep releasing CO₂, at the current rate. If wild squid suffer the same brain damage, the impact could spread through the entire ocean food chain. Squid are not the only sea creatures at risk, but their sharp ability to learn makes their loss especially troubling. As our oceans grow more acidic, we may not only be changing what lives in the sea-but also how smart those creatures can be. 1．What did Dr. Allen’s research find about squid? A．Acidic water caused their brains to shrink. B．Present-day oceans sped up their growth. C．High CO₂ boosted their learning abilities. D．Climate change shortened their life span. 2．What causes squid to hunt less often? A．A lack of available food sources. B．A drop in overall physical strength. C．A decline in visual processing ability. D．A change in their living temperatures. 3．Why does the author mention the data from NOAA in paragraph 4? A．To predict what will happen to different sea creatures. B．To warn of the severity of ongoing ocean acidification. C．To prove human activities have caused global warming. D．To compare the CO₂ absorption rates of different periods. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Squid: A Smart Indicator of Ocean Acidification B．Climate Change: A Big Killer of Intelligent Squid C．The Food Chain Crisis: A Result of Human Actions D．Acidification: A Hidden Threat to Marine Intelligence 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（广东专用） 阅读理解说明文15篇 篇目 核心主题 话题分类 Passage 1 调查研究双职工家庭育儿家务分工现状，探讨父母家庭责任分配失衡问题 社会调查・家庭生活 Passage 2 城市热岛效应，树木降温效果不均衡，需多举措治理城市高温 生态环境・城市气候 Passage 3 洛杉矶郡艺术博物馆创新展览模式，全球多家美术馆革新展品排布方式 文化艺术・博物馆发展 Passage 4 倭黑猩猩想象力实验，探究灵长类动物是否具备人类独有的想象认知能力 科普研究・动物认知 Passage 5 大麦植株可通过挥发性化学物质感知竞争对手，并调整自身生长策略 自然科普・植物交流 Passage 6 受牧羊犬管控羊群策略启发研发新型群体控制算法，可运用于自动驾驶、无人机集群 科技前沿・仿生技术 Passage 7 人工智能机器人修完大学爱情哲学课程，探讨 AI 未来在教育领域的定位 科技人文・人工智能与教育 Passage 8 李小龙 “上善若水” 武术人生哲学的由来与内涵 人物科普・文化哲理 Passage 9 中式烹饪刀工的重要价值，刀工背后蕴藏的中国饮食文化 传统文化・饮食文化 Passage 10 产品卡通拟人化设计潮流兴起的原因以及该趋势带来的品牌同质化隐患 社会文化・品牌设计 Passage 11 2026 世界杯推出免费 AI 分析平台，缩小富国与小国足球备战的技术差距 体育科技・人工智能赋能体育 Passage 12 人工大脑不经教学自主习得数量估算能力，该成果助力数学障碍研究、机器人研发 前沿科技・AI 数感研究 Passage 13 日常烹饪产生的空气污染被长期低估，呼吁更新城市空气治理方案 环境科普・生活污染源 Passage 14 折纸艺术家裴浩正挑战吉尼斯纪录，探索单张 A4 纸拓扑变换的极限 文化艺术・手工创作 Passage 15 海洋酸化造成鱿鱼大脑萎缩、智力受损，或将引发整条海洋食物链危机 生态科普・海洋环境危机 Passage 1 As I sit down to write, I realize that today is the deadline for registering my daughters for winter basketball, and I still haven’t done it. I also need to text the babysitter in case my little daughter, who has a fever, can’t go to school tomorrow. Though my husband does a lot at home, especially spending time with our daughters, most of the planning and scheduling of their activities falls on my shoulders. This is not an uncommon situation for working mothers, according to a recent survey by the Pew Research Center on work-life balance. The survey reveals that in almost half of two-parent households (46%), both parents now work full-time, a sharp rise from 31% in 1970. While many parents in such households claim an equal division of household chores and childcare, a gender divide remains. The survey found that 54% of working parents said mothers handle more of the responsibility when it comes to managing children’s schedules and activities. “There is certainly an ebb and flow,” said Monica Sakala, a mother who works from home. “And there are days when I’m frustrated because I feel like too much of it is falling on my plate, but I think that’s just how we work it out and my husband may feel like he’s very involved and participatory.” The stress of household chores and childcare is not only a concern for mothers. The report found that 56% of all working fathers said stress affects their experiences as parents. Of the working fathers, 32% said being a parent is stressful and 39% said parenthood is tiring. The challenge of handling household chores and childcare is real, and there is a shift towards more equal sharing of responsibilities at home, though the balance is still a work in progress. 1．What do we know about the author as a mother? A．She does more in scheduling kids’ activities. B．She takes full charge of household chores. C．She does more in earning family income. D．She plays an equal role in educating children. 2．What is the percentage of parents working full-time now according to the survey? A．31%. B．46%. C．50%. D．54%. 3．What does the underlined word “frustrated” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relaxed. B．Annoyed. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconscious. 4．What does the author expect working parents to achieve? A．Elimination of unnecessary tests. B．A sense of fair play in family bills. C．Equal division of labor at home. D．A mutually agreed solution on pay. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了职业父母在家庭责任分配方面的现状，指出尽管双职工家庭增多，但母亲在安排孩子日程和活动方面仍承担更多责任，同时父亲也面临育儿压力，家庭责任的平等分配仍在进展之中。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“most of the planning and scheduling of their activities falls on my shoulders.(他们活动的大部分规划和安排都落在了我的肩上。)”以及第三段中的“54% of working parents said mothers handle more of the responsibility when it comes to managing children’s schedules and activities.（54%的职业父母表示，在管理孩子的日程和活动方面，母亲承担了更多的责任。)”可知，作者作为母亲，在孩子活动的安排和日程规划方面承担了更多责任。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“in almost half of two-parent households (46%), both parents now work full-time(在几乎一半的双亲家庭（46%）中，父母双方现在都全职工作）”可知，目前双亲全职工作的比例为46%。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“And there are days when I’m frustrated because I feel like too much of it is falling on my plate(有些日子我感到frustrated，因为我觉得太多事情落在了我的肩上）”可知，Monica Sakala因为感觉太多家务和育儿责任落在自己身上而感到“烦恼，沮丧”，annoyed意为“烦恼的，恼怒的”，与frustrated在此语境中的含义一致。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章开篇描述了作者作为母亲承担了大部分孩子活动的规划和安排，随后引用调查数据指出母亲在管理孩子日程方面承担更多责任，最后一段提到“there is a shift towards more equal sharing of responsibilities at home, though the balance is still a work in progress.(家庭责任的分配正朝着更加平等的方向发展，尽管这种平衡仍在进展之中。)”可知，作者期望职业父母能够实现家庭责任的平等分配。 Passage 2 Cities are 1-3℃ hotter than surrounding rural areas, a phenomenon called the urban heat island effect. This heat threatens human safety, causing heat exhaustion and even death during extremely hot spells. Urban trees act as natural air conditioners through ground shading and the release of water from leaves, yet their cooling power is distributed unevenly across the globe. Researchers analyzed temperature and tree cover data of nearly 9,000 global cities housing 3.6 billion residents, comparing real urban environments with an imagined situation without any trees. Unlike previous satellite studies measuring overheated building and road surfaces, this research centered on air temperature that directly reflects people’s real experience of heat. The outcome exceeded expectations: trees nearly halve urban heat island warming, cooling most cities by 0.5-1.5℃ and effectively relieving heat pressure for over 200 million people. Cooling effects differ greatly — dry hot cities show obvious temperature differences between leafy and bare lands, while mild temperate (温带的) cities enjoy gentler, more consistent cooling. However, a city’s trees are not spread evenly. They’re often concentrated in wealthier neighbourhoods and suburban areas. Cities in cooler or more humid (湿润的) climates tend to have more. There’s a strong link with wealth. In the United States, lower-income areas average 15% fewer trees than wealthier areas — and are 1.5℃ hotter. This means vulnerable populations who need free cooling from trees the most are often the least likely to receive it. Though low-cost and beneficial to air quality and mental health, trees alone cannot fix urban overheating. Current urban trees only reduce 10% of predicted heat rise under moderate (适度的) climate conditions, and ambitious tree planting can merely raise this proportion to 20%. Therefore, cities must combine targeted tree planting in heat-baked neighborhoods with reflective building materials, green roofs and well-designed airflow plans. All local cooling strategies still depend on deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to slow global climate change and secure comfortable living spaces for future urban residents. 1．How is the new research different from earlier studies? A．It covers more global cities. B．It focuses on building surfaces. C．It tracks actual air temperature. D．It models a treeless environment. 2．What can we learn about tree cooling effects from paragraph 2? A．They change with climate types. B．They match the predicted heat rise. C．They average a 1.5℃ drop globally. D．They work best in low-income cities. 3．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Permanent. B．Uneducated. C．Disadvantaged. D．Urbanized. 4．What does the writer suggest to deal with urban overheating effectively? A．Stopping greenhouse gas release. B．Focusing on low-cost roof projects. C．Adopting multiple measures together. D．Expanding living spaces for the youth. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文围绕城市热岛效应这一现象展开，介绍了全球城市树木降温效果的相关最新研究，剖析了树木降温能力在不同区域分布不均的现实问题，最终指出仅靠树木无法彻底解决城市过热难题，需要结合多种适配的本地降温方案与温室气体减排行动，共同为城市居民打造宜居的生活空间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike previous satellite studies measuring overheated building and road surfaces, this research centered on air temperature that directly reflects people’s real experience of heat.(与此前针对过热建筑和路面的卫星研究不同，这项研究聚焦于直接反映人们真实受热体验的气温)”可知，这项新研究和早期研究的区别在于它追踪的是实际的空气温度，而非建筑和路面表面温度。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Cooling effects differ greatly — dry hot cities show obvious temperature differences between leafy and bare lands, while mild temperate (温带的) cities enjoy gentler, more consistent cooling.(降温效果差异巨大：干热城市的绿化区域与裸地之间温差明显，而温和的温带城市则能获得更温和、更稳定的降温效果)”可推知，树木的降温效果会随着气候类型的不同发生变化。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In the United States, lower-income areas average 15% fewer trees than wealthier areas — and are 1.5℃ hotter. This means vulnerable populations who need free cooling from trees the most are often the least likely to receive it.(在美国，低收入区域的树木平均比富裕区域少15%，气温高出1.5℃。这意味着最需要树木提供的免费降温效果的vulnerable群体，往往最无法获得这类资源)”可知，这里vulnerable populations与lower-income对应，描述的是处于不利处境、缺少资源保障的群体，对应“Disadvantaged(弱势的、处境不利的)”的含义。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Therefore, cities must combine targeted tree planting in heat-baked neighborhoods with reflective building materials, green roofs and well-designed airflow plans. All local cooling strategies still depend on deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to slow global climate change and secure comfortable living spaces for future urban residents.(因此，城市必须将在高温社区针对性植树的举措，与反光建筑材料、绿色屋顶以及精心设计的通风方案相结合。所有本地降温策略仍然依赖于温室气体的深度减排，以减缓全球气候变化，并为未来的城市居民提供舒适的生活空间)”可知，作者认为城市必须把针对性种树和反光建材、绿色屋顶、通风规划等手段结合，同时还要减少温室气体排放，由此可推测，作者建议同时采用多种措施协同推进。 Passage 3 A massive concrete-and-glass structure hangs above traffic on Wilshire Boulevard. It is the new home of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the largest art museum in western America. Its daring architecture is not the only unusual thing about it. “We’ve given up traditional categories of geography,” says Michael Govan, LACMA’s director. “The idea is to wander.” The museum’s single floor treats all artworks equally: no one movement is presented as more important than another. The museum is loosely organized around oceans to emphasize trade and cultural exchange. The Indian Ocean section, for example, includes Turkish ceramics (瓷器) with blue-and-white flower patterns, influenced by earlier Chinese designs. LACMA’s break from conventional organization symbolizes a movement towards global galleries as the global economy expands. London’s Tate Modern traditionally centered on Western European art. However, it rearranged its works by theme after 2000 to highlight cultural links. The press hated it. In 2019, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) rejected fixed long-term displays. Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” will probably always be on view but the neighbouring wall will sometimes hold photography. Such an adaptable approach allows for unexpected encounters. Yet not everyone may appreciate it. What is a thoughtful contrast to one visitor may be hard to understand for another. At LACMA a giant coffee table shows off ceramics from various eras. Why? Visitors who can scan QR codes will find out; the rest will merely wonder. But if such experiments fail to impress, curators (策展人) can rearrange the art again. Museums should not be inflexible palaces for artworks, many curators argue: they should reflect their surroundings and times. At the new LACMA, says Govan, “We don’t go into a dark box and somebody tells us what to think.” Rather, it tries to be in conversation with Los Angeles (LA). Architecturally, the museum’s uneven shape and floor-to-ceiling windows frame the palm trees (棕榈树) and hills, putting LA itself on display. 1．What is special about the new LACMA? A．Displaying artworks flexibly. B．Stressing ocean movement. C．Treating artworks differently. D．Featuring Chinese designs. 2．Why does the writer mention Tate Modern and MoMA? A．To compare them with LACMA． B．To highlight an exhibition trend. C．To promote long-term displays. D．To explain economic globalization. 3．What is a potential problem with the new exhibition style? A．It limits the variety of artworks. B．It depends on QR code technology. C．It brings little profit to art galleries. D．It causes confusion for some visitors. 4．What can be inferred about the new museum from the last paragraph? A．It values architecture over artworks. B．It may raise argument over art styles. C．It can mirror environments and times. D．It guides how visitors view the art world. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍洛杉矶郡艺术博物馆新馆打破传统展览模式，采用灵活布展，列举其他博物馆同类变革，谈及新模式弊端，指出博物馆应当反映所处环境与时代。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The museum’s single floor treats all artworks equally: no one movement is presented as more important than another.(博物馆的单层展厅对所有艺术作品一视同仁：没有任何一种艺术运动被视作比另一种更重要)”可知，新LACMA展出艺术作品具有灵活性。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“LACMA’s break from conventional organization symbolizes a movement towards global galleries as the global economy expands. London’s Tate Modern traditionally centered on Western European art. However, it rearranged its works by theme after 2000 to highlight cultural links. The press hated it. In 2019, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) rejected fixed long-term displays.(洛杉矶郡艺术博物馆（LACMA）的组织方式突破传统，象征着在全球经济不断扩张的背景下，向全球性美术馆发展。伦敦泰特现代美术馆过去一直以西欧艺术为中心，但自2000年后，它根据主题重新编排展品，以突出文化联系。这一做法遭到媒体的批评。2019年，现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）也拒绝了长期固定展览模式)”可知，作者提到泰特现代美术馆和现代艺术博物馆是为了突出展览趋势。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“What is a thoughtful contrast to one visitor may be hard to understand for another. At LACMA a giant coffee table shows off ceramics from various eras. Why? Visitors who can scan QR codes will find out; the rest will merely wonder.(对一位访客而言，一个深思熟虑的对比可能难以被另一位理解。在洛杉矶县艺术博物馆（LACMA），一张巨大的咖啡桌陈列着不同时代的陶瓷作品。为什么？扫描二维码的游客会明白；其余人则只能感到纳闷)”可知，新展览风格可能存在的一个潜在问题是：它会让部分参观者感到困惑。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Museums should not be inflexible palaces for artworks, many curators argue: they should reflect their surroundings and times.(许多策展人认为，博物馆不应是僵化的艺术宫殿，而应反映其周围环境和时代背景)”可知，新博物馆能够反映环境和时代。 Passage 4 Is the ability to pretend and imagine situations uniquely human? To find out the answer, a team of evolutionary scientists conducted a study with Kanzi, a language-trained bonobo (倭黑猩猩), exploring whether primates (灵长目动物) can fully understand the concept of imaginary objects. In the experiment, researchers tested Kanzi’s imagination through pretend play. A researcher sat across a table, placing an empty container and a pair of see-through cups on the table between them. The scientist then “poured” imaginary juice into each empty cup before pretending to tip one cup back into the container. Kanzi was then asked to visually locate the remaining juice. The team also recreated this setup by carefully “transferring” pretend grapes between two containers. Kanzi showed a remarkable capacity to trace the invisible items. He correctly pointed at the cup containing the imaginary liquid in 68% of the trials, and successfully identified the nonexistent fruit in 69% of the grape trials. To rule out that Kanzi was simply confused or failing to perceive reality, researchers ran a control test. Asked to choose between an empty cup used for pretend juice and a glass containing real orange juice, Kanzi routinely chose the real one, proving he engaged in make-believe consciously rather than merely copying human actions. While originally set up to investigate simple behaviors during structured trials, and conducted against the background that primates lack abstract thought, the study produced findings that go far beyond these initial expectations. “Our evidence shows some primates possess complex cognitive (认知的) processes once thought unique to humans,” said co-author Christopher Krupenye. This breakthrough casts new light on the deep evolutionary origins of human imagination. Importantly, however, Kanzi spent his entire life interacting with human scientists, acquiring advanced communication skills along the way. It remains unclear whether wild bonobos naturally share this cognitive ability. As psychologist Natalie Awad Schwob noted, “I’d love to see data from more typically raised bonobos to confirm if this imaginative tendency is universal or largely a result of human influence.” 1．What was Kanzi required to do in the experiment in paragraph 2? A．Mark the location of the cups. B．Choose between pretend and real juice. C．Track the movements of imaginary objects. D．Copy the pouring actions of the researchers. 2．What can we learn about Kanzi from the control test? A．He purposely mirrored humans. B．He naturally shared the cognitive ability. C．He distinguished reality from imagination. D．He failed to identify the physical objects. 3．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Its purpose. B．Its process. C．Its background. D．Its significance. 4．What do Natalie Awad Schwob’s words suggest? A．The need for data review. B．The negative effect of the research. C．A barrier to potential application. D．A possible direction for further study. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】文章通过对受过语言训练的倭黑猩猩坎齐开展假想物体相关实验，发现它能够有意识地参与想象游戏，说明部分灵长类拥有曾被视作人类独有的复杂认知能力；但坎齐长期与人类相处，该能力是否为倭黑猩猩天生所有尚不明确，还需要更多研究加以验证。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the experiment, researchers tested Kanzi’s imagination through pretend play. A researcher sat across a table, placing an empty container and a pair of see-through cups on the table between them. The scientist then ‘poured’ imaginary juice into each empty cup before pretending to tip one cup back into the container. Kanzi was then asked to visually locate the remaining juice. The team also recreated this setup by carefully ‘transferring’ pretend grapes between two containers. (在实验中，研究人员通过假装游戏测试坎齐的想象力。一名研究者坐在桌子对面，在两人中间的桌面上摆放一个空容器和两个透明杯子。随后科学家把假想的果汁‘倒入’每个空杯子，再假装把其中一杯倒回容器。之后要求坎齐指出剩下的果汁在哪里。研究团队还重复该实验流程，在两个容器之间小心地‘转移’假想的葡萄。)”及第三段首句“Kanzi showed a remarkable capacity to trace the invisible items. (坎齐展现出追踪看不见的物品的出色能力。)”可知，研究者模拟倾倒假想果汁、转移假想葡萄的动作后，要求坎齐找出剩下的假想物品，本质是追踪假想物体的移动轨迹。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To rule out that Kanzi was simply confused or failing to perceive reality, researchers ran a control test. Asked to choose between an empty cup used for pretend juice and a glass containing real orange juice, Kanzi routinely chose the real one, proving he engaged in make-believe consciously rather than merely copying human actions. (为排除坎齐只是混淆现实、无法分辨真实情况，研究人员开展了对照测试。面对一只做假想果汁游戏的空杯子和一杯真正的橙汁，坎齐总是选择真正的橙汁。这证明他是有意识参与假想游戏，而不只是单纯模仿人类动作。)”可知，对照组测试里，坎齐总是选择真正的橙汁而非装过假想果汁的空杯子，证明它能分清现实事物和假想游戏，不是单纯机械模仿人类动作。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“While originally set up to investigate simple behaviors during structured trials, and conducted against the background that primates lack abstract thought, the study produced findings that go far beyond these initial expectations. ‘Our evidence shows some primates possess complex cognitive processes once thought unique to humans,’ said co-author Christopher Krupenye. This breakthrough casts new light on the deep evolutionary origins of human imagination. (这项研究原本只是设计用来观察规范实验场景下的简单行为，开展的大背景是普遍认为灵长类缺乏抽象思维，但所得发现远远超出最初预期。该研究的合著者克里斯托弗・克鲁佩尼耶说：‘我们的证据表明，部分灵长类拥有曾被认为专属于人类的复杂认知过程。’这一突破为探究人类想象力深远的进化起源带来新的启发。)”可知，本段指出该研究打破了固有认知，为人类想象力的进化起源提供了新的启发，这都是在阐述研究的价值与意义。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As psychologist Natalie Awad Schwob noted, ‘I’d love to see data from more typically raised bonobos to confirm if this imaginative tendency is universal or largely a result of human influence.’ (正如心理学家娜塔莉・阿瓦德・施沃布所说：‘我希望获取更多普通环境下长大的倭黑猩猩的数据，来确认这种想象倾向是物种普遍存在的，还是很大程度上受人类影响而形成。’)”可知，娜塔莉提出希望获取更多样本的数据去验证结论，这是给科研提出接下来要做的事，也就是进一步研究的方向。 Passage 5 Botanists have known that plants can communicate via chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). When plants are attacked by pests, the composition of the VOCs they release changes. Previous work has shown that this drives nearby plants to raise their own defences in anticipation of being attacked in turn. What has gone unexplored is whether plants detect VOCs released by their neighbours when they are healthy. So ecologist Velemir Ninkovic decided to run an experiment. Dr. Ninkovic and his colleagues planted three varieties of barley (大麦) that grow at different rates — one quick, one slow, and one middling. The plants were put in growing containers next to one another, but with no way for them to shade their neighbours. The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. The results were striking. The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. Fast-growing plants exposed to air from the containers of their slow-growing cousins reacted in the opposite way. With less need to race for the sun, they cut their growth rates notably. While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource-intensive defensive measures. Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. Farmers are already experimenting with using VOCs to boost productivity. Dr. Ninkovic’s results suggest VOCs could be used to stimulate protective compounds when pests are expected, or to accelerate growth when risk is low. 1．What role did the one-way air channels play in the experiment? A．They allowed sharing nutrients. B．They helped defend against pests. C．They regulated experiment conditions. D．They prevented plants’ overshadowing. 2．What does the underlined phrase “get a shift on” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Give in. B．Speed up. C．Move away. D．Watch out. 3．What happened to the fast-growing barley when exposed to air from its rivals? A．They invested more in self-protection. B．They stopped growing to avoid competition. C．They grew faster to maintain their advantage. D．They released more VOCs to warn their rivals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The role of VOCs in plant defense. B．Why plants grow at different rates. C．How plants keep spying on the competition. D．The benefits of planting crops in different places. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍植物可以通过挥发性有机化合物感知邻近同类植株的状态，并据此调整自身的生长策略，科学家通过大麦实验证实了这一现象，该研究结果也对农业生产具有参考价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. (植株之间唯一的联系是通过连接种植容器的单向空气通道。研究人员可以通过这些通道将空气从一个容器吹到另一个容器，并在25天的时间里监测这对植株产生的影响。)”可知，单向空气通道用于控制实验环境，实现气体传递，方便科研人员开展实验、监测实验效果。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. (当生长缓慢的大麦接触到生长速度快的大麦容器内的空气时，它的生长速度会变快，相比生长在其他慢生大麦旁边时，它的生物量产出提高了20%。宁科维奇博士认为，这是因为生长缓慢的植物检测到邻居释放的化合物，并且意识到，至少在野外环境下，如果它们不get a shift on，就会面临被遮挡阳光的风险。)”可知，慢生长大麦感知到快生长邻居后，会加快生长避免被遮蔽，因此短语表达“加速”的含义。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource‑intensive defensive measures. (当生长缓慢的植株把资源转向生长时，这些生长迅速的植株就能够把更多资源投入到耗费大量资源的防御机制上。)”可知，接触到慢生大麦释放气体的快生大麦会将更多资源用于自我保护。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. (换句话说，大麦可以通过化学方式察觉竞争对手，并相应调整自身生长策略。)”可知，文章主要讲述植物能够通过化学信号感知竞争对手，调整自身生长模式。 Passage 6 The image of a sheepdog controlling a chaotic group of sheep with intense stares is a familiar one. However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm (算法) for managing “noisy” groups of robots. For sheepdogs, managing a large group is relatively straightforward; the safety of numbers creates predictable, collective movement. The true test of skill comes in the century-old tradition of sheepdog contests, where a dog must guide only four or five sheep. In these small groups, individual personalities dominate. Without the comfort of the crowd, each sheep constantly and randomly switches between “follow” and “run away” and quickly breaks their formation. This randomness makes small flocks significantly more difficult to control. Researchers, after analyzing countless YouTube videos and consulting with shepherds, found out the sheepdog’s strategy. The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.” Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. Old methods either make all robots follow one leader, or make them copy the average of everyone’s movements. If the leader messes up, the whole group messes up. If you average movements, different directions cancel each other out. Both weaken the controller’s commands. The new way avoids both problems. The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. “A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,” says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. 1．What does the finding of the recent study inspire scientists to develop? A．A control system for managing sheep groups. B．A method to manage a single robot effectively. C．A strategy to eliminate noisiness in robot groups. D．A new algorithm for robot group control. 2．What is the sheepdog’s key strategy for controlling a small group? A．Constantly chasing them to keep the movement. B．Taking advantage of the sheep’s random changes. C．Using force to fight the sheep’s indecisiveness. D．Keeping all the sheep in a fixed formation. 3．How does the “Indecisive Swarm Algorithm” improve robot control? A．By reducing randomness among a group of robots. B．By having robots follow a shared human controller. C．By enabling robots to shift their source of guidance. D．By preventing robots from copying others’ movements. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control B．Sheepdogs: A New Blueprint for Robot Design C．Sheepdogs’ Strategy: A Lost Art for Modern Technology D．Indecisiveness: A Problem to Be Overcome in Robotics 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章介绍了研究发现牧羊犬不靠武力，而是利用羊群自身的摇摆犹豫控制小群羊；受此启发科学家研发“犹豫群体算法”，证明随机性可以成为群体控制的有利工具，可应用于自动驾驶、无人机集群等领域。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This biological strategy is now inspiring a revolutionary algorithm for managing ‘noisy’ groups of robots. (如今，这种生物策略启发科学家研发出一种革新性算法，用来管控‘行为混乱’的机器人群体。)”可知，这项最新研究的发现启发科学家研发出一种用于机器人群体控制的新算法。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, a recent study reveals that the secret to their success, particularly with small, unpredictable groups, lies not in force, but in making full use of the sheep’s own indecisiveness. (然而，近期一项研究表明，牧羊犬成功管控羊群（尤其是规模小、行为不可预测的羊群）的秘诀，不在于武力，而在于充分利用绵羊自身犹豫不决的特性。)”、第二段中“The dog simply waits for all the sheep to face the right direction, then instantly chases them to get them moving. When the sheep break formation again, the dog pauses and waits for the next moment when they all face the same way. (牧羊犬只是静静等待所有绵羊朝向同一个方向，然后立刻驱赶，让羊群行动起来。当羊群再次打乱队形，牧羊犬就停下，等待下一次所有羊朝向一致的时机。)”及第三段中“This elegant approach turns an apparent obstacle — the sheep’s indecisiveness — into a tool. Instead of fighting the noisy sheep group, the dog uses it. (这套巧妙的方法把看似的阻碍 —— 绵羊的犹豫不决，变成了工具。牧羊犬并非去对抗混乱的羊群，而是加以利用。)”可知，牧羊犬控制小群羊的核心策略是把羊的犹豫不决、随机切换状态这个看似障碍的特点转化为工具，利用羊的随机变化规律行动。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This principle is now built into a robot algorithm called the ‘Indecisive Swarm Algorithm.’ Each robot keeps switching between listening to a human controller and copying the robots next to it. (这一原理被编入一种叫作‘犹豫群体算法’的机器人程序。每台机器人会不断切换模式：时而听从人类控制器指令，时而模仿身旁其他机器人。)”可知，“犹豫群体算法”通过让机器人可以切换指令来源来优化机器人控制。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The research has big potential beyond farming. It could help handle self-driving cars, drone swarms, and AI agents. ‘A little ‘Indecisiveness’ stops the group from jamming up and makes it more adaptable,’ says computer scientist Ted Pavlic. This challenges the old idea that randomness is a problem, showing instead that it can be a useful tool for better group control. (这项研究的应用潜力远不止畜牧业。它可以用于自动驾驶汽车、无人机集群以及人工智能智能体。计算机科学家泰德・帕夫利奇表示：‘适度的‘犹豫’能够避免群体陷入拥堵，让群体适应性变得更强。’这颠覆了人们过去的固有观念：随机性并非麻烦，反而可以成为实现更优群体控制的有效工具。)”并结合全文可知，文章的核心是研究发现牧羊犬利用羊群的摇摆、随机特性，衍生出新机器人算法，以往被视作问题的随机性，反而可以成为实现更优群体控制的有效工具，A选项“Randomness: A Key to Better Group Control (随机性：实现更好群体控制的关键)”能概括文章核心，适合作为标题。 Passage 7 A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California. According to course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world’s first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, an achievement he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution. Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry’s classes for several years. One day when addressing Barry’s class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, a desire that Barry and his students enthusiastically supported. Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy of Love instead. Love is a concept Bina48 doesn’t understand, said Barry. Therefore, the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is. “Some interesting things happened in the class,” said Barry. He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, “is fairly simple — it’s a feeling,” said Barry. But the reality was different. Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future. Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point. Bina48’s contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube. It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate. In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely. 1．What was Bina48’s performance like in class? A．Extraordinary. B．Insignificant. C．Far-reaching. D．Unattractive. 2．What does the underlined word “addressing” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Dealing with B．Consulting with C．Giving a speech to D．Sending a letter to 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Humans can launch a challenge to artificial intelligence. B．Learning about love proved quite challenging for Bina48. C．Artificial intelligence may somehow be superior to man. D．Learning about love was an interesting experience for Bina48. 4．What does Barry think of the future development of Bina48? A．It will surely be able to serve as a teacher. B．It will be able to promote learning and teaching. C．It will completely take the place of instructors. D．It will be smart enough to control human beings. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章介绍机器人Bina48修完爱情哲学课程，积极参与课堂活动。教会它理解爱难度很大，教授认为未来机器人会助力教学而非彻底取代教师。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world’s first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, an achievement he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution.(据NDNU副教授、课程讲师威廉·巴里表示，Bina48是世界上第一台完成大学课程的社交能力先进机器人，他将这一成就描述为“令人惊叹”。该机器人参与了课堂讨论，和一名学生搭档做了报告，并参加了另一所院校学生的辩论活动)”可知，其课堂表现非常出色。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry’s classes for several years.(在成为学生之前，Bina48曾多年作为特邀演讲嘉宾出现在巴里课堂上)”以及划线词后文“Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, a desire that Barry and his students enthusiastically supported(Bina48表达了想上大学的愿望，这一愿望得到了巴里和学生们热烈的支持)”可知，Bina48作为客座演讲者对班级发表讲话，“address”在此意为“向……发表演讲”。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““Some interesting things happened in the class,” said Barry. He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, “is fairly simple — it’s a feeling,” said Barry. But the reality was different. Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future.(“课堂上发生了一些有趣的事情，”巴里说。他提到，学生们以为教Bina48爱是什么会很简单，毕竟“爱其实相当简单——它是一种感觉”，巴里说道。但实际情况却并非如此。巴里指出，Bina48最终学到了“31种不同的爱的形式”，并强调了人类在未来与人工智能合作时可能面临的种种挑战)”可知，学生们原以为教 Bina48关于爱的知识很简单，但结果它学到了31种不同的爱，这凸显了学习爱的概念对机器人而言颇具挑战性。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely.(巴里希望在接下来的十年内，Bina48能够变得足够复杂，以开展课程教学。但他表示，他预计机器人将被用于改善教学与学习体验，而不是完全取代教师)”中，Barry认为机器人未来可能用于改善教学体验，而非取代教师，即能够促进学习和教学。 Passage 8 With his singular blend of physical mastery and philosophical wisdom, legendary Chinese-American Kung Fu actor Bruce Lee is one of those rare cultural icons whose morals and appeal remain timeless, attracting generation after generation of devotees. In 1971, at the peak of his career, Lee delivered his most cited metaphor for the philosophy of Kung Fu: “Be water, my friend.” This idea, however, did not come easily — it was born from years of struggle and a moment of unexpected enlightenment. At thirteen, Lee began studying Wing Chun, a traditional Chinese martial art, under Master Yip Man. For four years, he trained intensely, yet he grew frustrated. No matter how hard he tried, he struggled to grasp what Yip Man called “the art of detachment” — the ability to flow naturally without forcing or resisting. The more Lee tried to control his movements, the more rigid they became. One day, after another unsuccessful practice, Yip Man sent him home with unusual instructions: “Don’t practice this week. Go home and think about it.” Lee spent days meditating but found no answers. Frustrated, he rented a boat and sailed alone on the sea. As his anger built up, he suddenly punched the water with all his strength. That moment changed everything. The water did not suffer hurt. He struck it again — still no damage. He tried to grasp a handful, but it slipped through his fingers. “This water, the softest substance in the world,” he later wrote, “only seemed weak. In reality, it could penetrate the hardest substance in the world.” Then a bird flew overhead, casting its reflection on the water. In that instant, Lee understood Yip Man’s teaching. Our thoughts and emotions, he realized, should pass like the bird’s reflection — present but not lingering, felt but not blocking our response. This revelation shaped Lee’s approach to martial arts and life. He quoted Lao Tzu’s ancient wisdom: “Nothing is weaker than water, but when it attacks something hard, nothing withstands it.” Water has no fixed shape — it adapts, flows, and overcomes. 1．How does Bruce Lee initially feel about “the art of detachment”? A．Resistant. B．Confused. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical. 2．What does Lee’s interaction with water eventually reveal to him? A．The power of flexibility and resilience. B．The weakness of nature against human force. C．The importance of physical strength in fighting. D．The need to control one’s emotions completely. 3．What does the bird’s reflection on water symbolize in Lee’s understanding? A．The beauty of nature that inspires creativity. B．The importance of observing the world around us. C．The way emotions should pass through without sticking. D．The connection between humans and the natural world. 4．Which of the following scenes reflects Bruce Lee’s philosophy of “Be water”? A．A mountain stands firm through a violent storm. B．A martial artist forcefully overpowers an opponent. C．A student memorizes textbook answers before an exam. D．A dancer adjusts her movements flexibly to a new rhythm. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是李小龙从习武的困境，到在海边顿悟，最终形成“像水一样”的武术与人生哲学的过程。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“At thirteen, Lee began studying Wing Chun, a traditional Chinese martial art, under Master Yip Man. For four years, he trained intensely, yet he grew frustrated. No matter how hard he tried, he struggled to grasp what Yip Man called “the art of detachment” — the ability to flow naturally without forcing or resisting.(十三岁时，李小龙拜叶问大师为师，开始学习中国传统武术咏春拳。他刻苦训练四年，内心却越发受挫。无论如何努力，他始终难以领会叶问所说的“超然之道”—— 顺势而为，不刻意强求、不刻意对抗的能力。)”可知，李小龙最初对“超然之道”感到困惑。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““This water, the softest substance in the world,” he later wrote, “only seemed weak. In reality, it could penetrate the hardest substance in the world.”(“这水，世上最柔软的物质，”他后来写道，“看似软弱，实则能穿透世间最坚硬的东西。”)”可知，李小龙与水的接触最终让他领悟到柔韧与坚韧的力量。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Our thoughts and emotions, he realized, should pass like the bird’s reflection — present but not lingering, felt but not blocking our response.(他领悟到，人的思绪与情绪，应当如同飞鸟投在水面的倒影：存在过，但不停留；能够感知，却不会阻碍我们做出反应。)”可知，在李小龙的理解中，水面上飞鸟的倒影象征着情绪应当流淌而过，不滞留纠缠。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段““This water, the softest substance in the world,” he later wrote, “only seemed weak. In reality, it could penetrate the hardest substance in the world.”(“这水，世上最柔软的物质，”他后来写道，“看似软弱，实则能穿透世间最坚硬的东西。”)”和最后一段“He quoted Lao Tzu’s ancient wisdom: “Nothing is weaker than water, but when it attacks something hard, nothing withstands it.” Water has no fixed shape — it adapts, flows, and overcomes.(他引用老子的古老智慧：“天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。”水没有固定形态，它顺势适应、奔流不息、克敌制胜。)”可知，“Be water”哲学强调灵活适应、不抗拒。舞者随新节奏灵活调整动作，正是这种适应性的体现。 Passage 9 Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped. This is partly because of the popularity of fast stir-frying as a cooking method. For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential. Careful cutting is not a superficial matter: it is key to the success of the final dish. Chopsticks, used in China for two, maybe even three thousand years, make their own demands. Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces. At grand feasts, you may find whole ducks, chickens or pork knuckles, braised (men) so lovingly that they melt away at the touch of a chopstick, but for everyday meals, almost everything is finely cut. But these are simply the practicalities of cutting. What are even more fascinating are the beautiful presentations it brings. Skilful cutting adds an extra dimension to the enjoyment of a dish. Think only of a stir-fry of eel (鳝鱼) and vegetables, where all the ingredients, different though they may be in colour, taste and texture, are cut into similar snaking strands. Delicate cutting is part of a refined and civilised culinary culture that has existed in China for thousands of years. “Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef. 1．What can be learned about stir-frying in China? A．It changes ancient Chinese cooking methods. B．It means cooking over a high heat for long. C．It works well with precise chopping of food. D．It is the first step to be a trainee Chinese chef. 2．Why are chopsticks mentioned in the passage? A．To demonstrate how Chinese use them to eat. B．To give an example of how Chinese usually eat. C．To prove their role on the Chinese dinner table. D．To reveal their influences on the way of cutting. 3．What does a Chinese chef have to learn about? A．Food and animals. B．Cutting and frying. C．Cutting and cooking. D．Presentation and nutrition. 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The cutting edge. B．The cutting board. C．Chinese cooking methods. D．Traditional Chinese dishes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章介绍刀工是中式烹饪基础，爆炒需要精细切配，筷子用餐也对切配提出要求，刀工还兼顾菜品造型，是厨师的入门基本功。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential.(炒菜时，所有食材都必须切成小块，只需稍加加热即可熟透。如果切得太大，内部仍会生硬，而外皮则会变干、发“老”（lao）。而对于诸如“爆”（字面意思为“迸发、炸开”）这类真正的快炒技法而言，将食材切得精细均匀就更为关键)”可知，精准的切割刀工才能让爆炒发挥其作用。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces.(中国人的餐桌上几乎不可能出现餐刀，所以菜品一定要足够软嫩，可以用筷子分开;不然就应该切成可以入口的大小)”可知，中国人使用筷子而不是餐刀的事实也对刀工提出了要求。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped.(切菜是中国厨房的一项基本技能，与使用火和调味一样重要。在古代中国，烹饪本身被称为“割烹”，意为“切和煮”；而每一位学徒厨师的培训课程中，至今仍包含精确的指导，教他们如何准确地切好各种食材)”和最后一段““Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef.(“刀工”仍是每位厨师学艺的起点)”可知，中国厨师需要学习切菜和烹饪。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour.(切菜是中国厨房的一项基本技能，其重要性不亚于火候的掌控和调味)”以及文章通篇介绍中式刀工，刀工影响菜品熟度、适配筷子用餐，还负责菜品美观，A选项“The cutting edge”一语双关，最适合做标题。 Passage 10 In recent years, a new trend has become common in branding: everyday products such as food, drinks and even tools are given human features, like smiling faces and simple arms and legs. These lively images can now be seen in shops, advertisements and online platforms. They are often bright in color and simple in form, which makes them easy to notice and remember. This raises a question: why are such cartoon-like designs so popular? One reason is their emotional appeal. In a fast-paced and sometimes stressful world, people are naturally drawn to things that are simple and enjoyable. Compared with more serious or formal designs, these playful images can make people feel relaxed. By giving human qualities to ordinary objects, brands can create a friendly image and connect more easily with consumers. In this way, products become more engaging and easier to remember, which may influence people’s choices. Another reason is the inheritance of earlier artistic styles. This kind of design can be traced back to early animation, where characters were drawn with simple shapes and clear expressions. Today’s designers combine these elements with modern tastes, creating images that feel both familiar and new. As a result, such designs are accepted by people of different ages and are widely used in different industries, from food to fashion. However, the wide use of this style has also caused problems. With the help of digital tools, many businesses can produce similar designs with little effort. In some cases, companies even rely on ready-made templates (模板) instead of original ideas. As a result, different brands may begin to look alike, making it harder for consumers to tell them apart. This may weaken the unique image that a brand tries to build. Despite these concerns, this trend is unlikely to disappear soon. It reflects people’s desire for simple and enjoyable experiences in modern life. The key issue, therefore, is how such designs can be used in a more creative way, rather than simply copied. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The popularity of cartoon images in diverse places. B．The wide use of human-like features in product branding. C．The variety of industrial products with cartoon-like designs. D．The bright colors and simple forms used on product packages. 2．What kind of designs do consumers tend to prefer? A．Those helping to ease their pressure. B．Those stressing serious product qualities. C．Those bearing complicated human features. D．Those sticking to traditional formal styles. 3．What does the underlined word “inheritance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Origin. B．Copy. C．Objection. D．Influence. 4．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．Digital tools can encourage unique design ideas. B．Ready-made templates help improve design efficiency. C．Consumers will actively support creative brand images. D．A brand’s unique identity may suffer from similar designs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍的是近年来品牌设计中一种新趋势——给日常产品赋予人类特征（如笑脸、简单的四肢等），分析了这种卡通化设计流行的原因及其带来的问题。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, a new trend has become common in branding: everyday products such as food, drinks and even tools are given human features, like smiling faces and simple arms and legs. (近年来，品牌设计中出现了一种新趋势：食品、饮料甚至工具等日常产品被赋予了人类特征，如笑脸和简单的四肢。)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是产品品牌中人性化特征的广泛使用。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a fast-paced and sometimes stressful world, people are naturally drawn to things that are simple and enjoyable. Compared with more serious or formal designs, these playful images can make people feel relaxed. (在一个快节奏且有时充满压力的世界里，人们自然会被简单且令人愉悦的事物所吸引。与更严肃或正式的设计相比，这些俏皮的图像能让人感到放松。)”可知，消费者倾向于偏好那些有助于缓解压力的设计。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“This kind of design can be traced back to early animation, where characters were drawn with simple shapes and clear expressions. Today’s designers combine these elements with modern tastes, creating images that feel both familiar and new. (这种设计可以追溯到早期动画，那时的角色都是用简单的形状和清晰的表情绘制的。如今的设计师将这些元素与现代品味相结合，创造出既熟悉又新颖的形象。)”可知，这种设计受到早期艺术风格的影响，今天的设计师在此基础上进行创新。因此inheritance在此处意为“影响、传承”，与Influence意思最接近。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“As a result, different brands may begin to look alike, making it harder for consumers to tell them apart. This may weaken the unique image that a brand tries to build. (结果，不同的品牌可能开始看起来相似，使消费者更难区分它们。这可能会削弱品牌试图建立的独特形象。)”可知，品牌的独特形象可能会因相似的设计而受到损害。 Passage 11 Traditionally, deep strategic analysis required extensive financial support and massive data teams, giving wealthy footballing nations a distinct advantage. Smaller countries with limited budgets could rarely afford dedicated data scientists or custom analytics software, creating an unfair gap in competitive preparation. This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co-developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo. The core of this AI revolution is Football AI Pro, a generative AI platform open free of charge to all 48 competing teams across Canada, Mexico and the United States. Powered by Lenovo’s advanced AI technology and built on FIFA’s tailored Football Language model, the platform processes hundreds of millions of data points from every match. It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy-to-digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations. Supporting over 15 human languages, the AI assistant lets coaches type natural-language questions before kickoff to study opposing teams’ patterns, and after games to fix their own team’s weak spots. To protect independent human coaching judgment, FIFA has set a strict rule: Football AI Pro cannot be used during live match play. FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity. The software can process endless match data, but it cannot copy a coach’s intuition, a referee’s sense of fair play, or a player’s spontaneous (自然发生的) in-game brilliance. Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. For decades, cutting-edge sports technology was a luxury reserved for well-funded top leagues and wealthy national teams. This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition. 1．Why is the AI platform developed? A．To narrow the divide. B．To maximize profits. C．To encourage creativity. D．To gain global popularity. 2．What can be learned about Football AI Pro from paragraph 3? A．It dominates live matches. B．It sets limits on language. C．It simplifies complex data. D．It determines human judgement. 3．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Limitations of AI platforms. B．Significance of AI-based sports tech. C．Prospect of top sports teams. D．Application of AI in football competitions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Football AI Pro: A Game Controller B．FIFA World Cup: A Highly Anticipated Event C．Football AI Pro: A Capable Assistant D．Football Match Model: A Charged Service 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了国际足联和联想合作开发Football AI Pro人工智能平台，在2026年世界杯免费向所有参赛球队开放，以此消除富国与预算有限小国之间足球赛事备战的技术差距，说明人工智能只是体育领域的辅助工具，让人才而非财力成为足球比赛晋级的决定因素。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co‑developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo.(在2026年国际足联世界杯上，这种不平衡将在很大程度上被消除，这要归功于国际足联与其官方技术合作伙伴联想共同开发的一整套人工智能工具。)”可知，开发该AI平台是为了消除富国和小国之间备战条件的不平衡，缩小差距。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy‑to‑digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations.(它将复杂的运动统计数据转化为易于理解的输出内容：书面战略总结、精彩视频片段、交互式图表以及动态3D场地可视化图像。)”可知，该平台把繁杂的比赛数据处理成简单易懂的形式，简化了复杂数据。 3．推理判断题。最后一段“Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. For decades, cutting-edge sports technology was a luxury reserved for well-funded top leagues and wealthy national teams. This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition.(展望未来，2026年世界杯充当一份全球范本，展示人工智能如何让顶级体育运动变得更加公平。数十年来，尖端体育技术一直是专供资金雄厚的顶级联赛与富裕国家队享用的奢侈品。本届赛事证明，智能数据工具能够被广泛共享，让天赋——而非财力——来决定哪些球队能在这项全球规模最大的足球赛事中晋级。)”指出2026年世界杯的意义，随后对比过去尖端体育技术只为资金雄厚队伍服务的现状。由此可推断，本段意在说明这项AI体育技术带来的价值与重要意义。 4．主旨大意题。文章先提出足球领域存在技术资源不均衡的问题，再引出Football AI Pro这一AI平台，介绍它的功能、使用限制，随后在第四段点明核心定位。第四段中的“FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity.(国际足联创新团队强调，人工智能只充当助手，绝不会取代人类的技能、判断力与创造力。)”是主旨句，后文进一步阐释AI能够处理海量比赛数据，却无法复刻教练直觉、球员临场灵感，结尾又阐述该平台带来的公平意义。由此可知，全文围绕Football AI Pro展开，着重突出它作为辅助工具的角色。选项C表示“Football AI Pro：一位得力助手”，与本文主旨相吻合，适合用作本文的标题。 Passage 12 A team of scientists, led by Marco Zorzi at the University of Padua in Italy, has discovered that an artificial brain can teach itself to estimate the number of objects in an image without counting them directly. This ability is similar to a natural skill shown by humans and animals, such as fish and lions. The computer model was not preprogrammed with numerical capabilities. Instead, it learned by examining many images and finding patterns on its own. “It answers the question of how numerosity emerges without teaching anything about numbers in the first place,” said Zorzi. The skill in question is known as approximate number sense, or ANS. A simple test of ANS involves looking at two groups of spots on a page and intuitively (凭直觉) knowing which has more dots, even though you have not counted them. For example, fish rely on this ability to choose the larger group to swim with, which increases their safety. To investigate ANS, Zorzi and his coworker Ivilin Stoianov used a computerised neural (神经的) network that responds to images and generates new ones based on learned rules. The software included several layers, similar to how the human visual system works. The first layer responded to simple visual details, while deeper layers processed more complex information. The pair fed the network 51,800 images, each containing up to 32 rectangles (矩形) of varying sizes. When Zorzi and Stoianov analyzed the network’s behaviour, they discovered a subset of neurons in the deepest layer that fired more often as the number of objects in the image decreased. This suggested that the network had learned to estimate the number of objects in each image as part of its rules for generating images. This behaviour was independent of the total surface area of the objects, emphasising that the neurons were detecting number. This discovery could help researchers understand dyscalculia, a condition that makes learning basic math very difficult for some people. It may also open up possibilities for AI in fields like robotics and computer vision, where fast estimation is often needed. 1．The computer model in the study develops a sense of numerosity through ________. A．counting objects B．preset number rules C．observing images D．updated information 2．How do fish benefit from ANS? A．They establish a natural habitat. B．They escape danger and stay safe. C．They can swim in deep waters. D．They can attack enemies quietly. 3．What can we infer about the finding? A．It will lower the cost of robots. B．It may offer a cure for diseases. C．It will enhance higher education. D．It may enhance AI’s performance. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Role of Neural Networks in Robots B．AI and Its Impacts on Learning Numbers C．An Artificial Brain Learns Number Sense D．ANS Poses a Challenge to Human Beings 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了意大利帕多瓦大学的Marco Zorzi团队发现一个人工大脑能够在没有被预先编程数值能力的情况下，通过自主观察图像学会估计物体数量，并探讨了这一发现对理解计算障碍和人工智能领域的潜在影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead, it learned by examining many images and finding patterns on its own. “It answers the question of how numerosity emerges without teaching anything about numbers in the first place,” said Zorzi.(相反，它通过分析大量图像，自主寻找规律来完成学习。这解答了数感究竟是如何产生的这一问题)”可知，计算机模型是通过观察图像来发展数量感的。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A simple test of ANS involves looking at two groups of spots on a page and intuitively (凭直觉) knowing which has more dots, even though you have not counted them. For example, fish rely on this ability to choose the larger group to swim with, which increases their safety. (对近似数量系统（ANS）的一项简单测试：看着页面上两组圆点，凭直觉判断哪一组的圆点数量更多，即便你并没有去数它们。例如，鱼依靠这种能力选择更大的群体一起游动，这增加了它们的安全性。)”可知，鱼利用ANS选择更大的鱼群来躲避危险、保持安全。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It may also open up possibilities for AI in fields like robotics and computer vision, where fast estimation is often needed. (它还可能为人工智能在机器人和计算机视觉等需要快速估算的领域开辟可能性。)”可推断，这一发现可能会提升人工智能的性能。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A team of scientists, led by Marco Zorzi at the University of Padua in Italy, has discovered that an artificial brain can teach itself to estimate the number of objects in an image without counting them directly.(由意大利帕多瓦大学的马尔科・佐尔齐带领的一组科学家发现，人工大脑可以自学估算一张图片里物体的数量，而无需直接逐个计数)”可知，本文主要讲述了意大利帕多瓦大学的Marco Zorzi团队发现一个人工大脑能够在没有被预先编程数值能力的情况下，通过自主观察图像学会估计物体数量，并探讨了这一发现对理解计算障碍和人工智能领域的潜在影响。C项“An Artificial Brain Learns Number Sense (一个人工大脑学会了数量感)”准确概括了文章主旨，适合作标题。 Passage 13 When people think of urban air pollution, vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions usually come to mind first. For decades, these have been the primary targets of environmental regulations. However, a new study suggests that everyday cooking may be a much larger contributor to urban air pollution than previously recognized. The research, published in ACS ES&T Air, analyzed air samples and applied an advanced data-driven approach to identify the sources of organic aerosols (有机气溶胶) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban environments. The team found that cooking emissions account for about 7% of total VOCs. More importantly, they identified cooking organic aerosols as making up roughly 21% of total organic aerosols in the air. These cooking-emitted VOCs contribute to both secondary pollution formation and health risks. The study also pointed out a significant defect. Previously, cooking-emitted VOCs had been largely overlooked in VOC assessments as they are difficult to identify among the complex mixture of urban pollutants. The researchers confirmed their findings by directly comparing them with kitchen cooking experiments, which showed strong relation. “These findings challenge the previous practice of simply emitting cooking gas outdoors to protect indoor air quality,” the study suggests. “More effective measures to deal with cooking exhaust before it is released may be necessary.” The discovery is particularly significant for cities with greater populations, where millions of meals are prepared daily in both homes and restaurants. While cooking is an essential part of daily life, the study indicates that its environmental impact has been underestimated. The researchers emphasized that this does not mean people should stop cooking, but rather that urban air quality management strategies need to be updated to include this previously overlooked source. As cities continue to strengthen regulations on vehicle and industrial emissions, the relative importance of cooking-related pollution is likely to grow. The study serves as a reminder that solving the air pollution problems requires looking beyond the usual suspects. 1．What does the new study find about cooking emissions? A．They are more dangerous than vehicle exhaust. B．They were underestimated as an air pollutant source. C．They have been the focus of regulations for decades. D．They account for the largest part of the VOCs. 2．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Statistic. B．Shortcoming. C．Discussion. D．Prediction. 3．What may the researchers suggest based on their findings? A．Reducing the frequency of home cooking. B．Treating cooking exhaust before releasing it. C．Shifting the focus to industrial emissions. D．Conducting more kitchen cooking experiments. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Cooking pollution will decrease as vehicle emissions drop. B．Cooking will replace vehicles as the main pollution source. C．The relative importance of cooking pollution may become more evident. D．Current regulations on cooking are already strict enough. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述新研究发现烹饪污染被低估，呼吁更新城市空气治理策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, a new study suggests that everyday cooking may be a much larger contributor to urban air pollution than previously recognized. (然而，一项新研究表明，日常烹饪对城市空气污染的贡献可能比之前所认为的要大得多。)”以及第五段中“While cooking is an essential part of daily life, the study indicates that its environmental impact has been underestimated. (虽然烹饪是日常生活中必不可少的一部分，但研究表明，其对环境的影响一直被低估了。)”可知，烹饪排放作为空气污染物来源被低估了。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The study also pointed out a significant defect. Previously, cooking-emitted VOCs had been largely overlooked in VOC assessments as they are difficult to identify among the complex mixture of urban pollutants. (这项研究还指出了一个重大defect。此前，烹饪排放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在挥发性有机化合物评估中在很大程度上被忽视，因为它们在城市污染物的复杂混合物中难以识别。)”可知，此处指以往评估存在重大不足、缺陷，“defect”意为“缺陷、不足”。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“More effective measures to deal with cooking exhaust before it is released may be necessary. (可能有必要采取更有效的措施，在烹饪废气排放之前对其进行处理。)”可知，研究人员建议在排放前处理烹饪废气。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As cities continue to strengthen regulations on vehicle and industrial emissions, the relative importance of cooking-related pollution is likely to grow. (随着城市继续加强对车辆和工业排放的监管，烹饪相关污染的相对重要性可能会增加。)”可知，随着对车辆和工业排放的管控加强，烹饪污染的相对重要性可能会更加明显。 Passage 14 Chinese origami (折纸艺术) artist Pei Haozheng, also known as Hotz Pei, is no stranger to Guinness World Records. He once folded the most origami flowers made from a single sheet of paper (100), and then created the largest origami snail ever, but this year he embarked on his most challenging record attempt yet — cutting the longest continuous strip of paper from a single A4 sheet. Technically, it should have been a walk in the park for this master of paper art, as the length to beat was a modest 2.5 meters, but he challenged himself to cut the longest strip possible, so he spent about a year experimenting with different types of paper, cutting techniques and instruments. In the end, he managed to cut a thin, continuous strip 108.15 meters in length. “The strip I created measured 108.15 meters long and 0.5 millimeters wide,” Hotz Pei told Guinness World Records. “The entire process, from initial preparation to trials and errors to the official attempt and the final artwork, Between Chaos and Order, took approximately one year.” To maximize his chances of success, the talented artist first had to identify the most appropriate medium for the challenges, and he ultimately settled on a silver piece of A4 paper with a mirror-like reflective surface. Once that was over, he had to figure out the best cutting method, and although he experimented with some advanced techniques and instruments, he found the most “primitive” option — cutting with scissors — to be the most effective. “The third step was the formal attempt, which demanded precision, patience, and technical skill,” the artist explained. “I carefully cut the paper, resulting in a strip that resembled a tangle of raffia grass. In the fourth step, I transformed the 108.15m of paper strips into an artistic and organized artwork shaped like a cerebral (大脑的) nerve slice.” “This world record was a personal challenge to discover the limits of topological (拓扑的) transformation of this single sheet of paper,” Pei added. How he managed to cut a thin, continuous strip of paper about the length of a football stadium without accidentally breaking it is a mystery, but it’s hard to imagine someone breaking his record anytime soon. 1．What does the underlined phrase “a walk in the park” mean? A．A task that requires great patience and precision. B．A creative challenge that brings great pleasure. C．A short outdoor activity for relaxation. D．An easy task that can be accomplished effortlessly. 2．Why did Pei finally choose scissors in the challenge? A．Professional cutting tools would damage the paper. B．He has got used to using them. C．They are the only usable tool. D．He found they worked best after testing. 3．What was the core motivation for Pei to launch the challenge this year? A．To break the previous record. B．To explore the extreme shape of a sheet of paper. C．To create artwork for public exhibition. D．To promote traditional Chinese paper-cutting art. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Pei’s record will remain unbroken for at least a decade. B．Guinness will raise the difficulty level for the record. C．The difficulty of Pei’s achievement is greater than expected. D．Pei will continue to challenge more world records. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍中国折纸艺术家裴浩正挑战吉尼斯世界纪录，从一张A4纸上剪出最长连续纸条的经历，讲述他的试验过程、创作细节以及本次挑战的意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Technically, it should have been a walk in the park for this master of paper art, as the length to beat was a modest 2.5 meters, but he challenged himself to cut the longest strip possible, so he spent about a year experimenting with different types of paper, cutting techniques and instruments.(理论上，对于这位纸张艺术大师来说这本该是a walk in the park，因为待突破的长度仅有2.5米，但他却挑战自我，力求剪出尽可能长的纸条，于是他花费大约一年时间，试验不同种类的纸张、裁剪技法以及工具。)”可知，需要被打破的原纪录只有2.5米，对他而言本是轻松完成的任务，故猜测划线部分意为“毫不费力就可以完成的任务”。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once that was over, he had to figure out the best cutting method, and although he experimented with some advanced techniques and instruments, he found the most ‘primitive’ option — cutting with scissors — to be the most effective.(完成这一步之后，他必须找出最佳的裁剪方式。尽管他尝试过一些先进的技法和工具，却发现最‘原始的’选择——用剪刀裁剪——效果最好。)”可知，经过试验之后，他发现剪刀的效果最佳。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“‘This world record was a personal challenge to discover the limits of topological transformation of this single sheet of paper,’ Pei added.(裴补充说：‘这项世界纪录是一次个人挑战，目的是探索这一张纸拓扑变换的极限。’)”可知，裴浩正发起本次挑战的核心动机是探索一张纸所能呈现的极致形态。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How he managed to cut a thin, continuous strip of paper about the length of a football stadium without accidentally breaking it is a mystery, but it’s hard to imagine someone breaking his record anytime soon.(他究竟如何剪出一条长达一座足球场、纤细且不断裂的纸条仍是一个谜，很难想象短期内会有人打破他的纪录。)”可知，裴浩正所取得的成就难度超出人们的预想。 Passage 15 Squid (鱿鱼) are widely regarded as one of the most intelligent groups of animals living in the ocean. Across roughly 375 species, squid can hunt cooperatively, recognize individual humans and learn from experience. However, according to an ongoing scientific study, ocean acidification (酸化), an often overlooked effect of human-caused climate change, could change this within decades. Researchers raised newly hatched squid in separate tanks-one reflecting present-day ocean CO₂, (pH 8.2) and the other representing CO₂ levels in the year 2100 based on a climate change prediction model (pH 7.8). After 90 days, the squid were removed and their heads were kept for analysis. Dr. Allen discovered that the brains of squid from the high-acid tank were 49% smaller in volume than the brains of squid raised under current CO₂ conditions. The most striking damage occurs in the squid’s optic lobes and optic tracts — brain regions responsible for handling visual information-which shrink (收缩) by over 50%. This brain damage directly leads to changes in behaviour. An earlier study found that squid exposed to high CO₂, hunt less often, and Dr. Allen links this to weaker vision. He believes the shrinking brain makes it harder for brain cells to pass signals correctly, which in turn affects their judgment and makes them more hesitant while hunting. The oceans take in nearly 30% of human-released CO₂ which has raised seawater acidity by about 30%, says the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA predicts ocean acidity could rise another 100%-150% by the end of this century if we keep releasing CO₂, at the current rate. If wild squid suffer the same brain damage, the impact could spread through the entire ocean food chain. Squid are not the only sea creatures at risk, but their sharp ability to learn makes their loss especially troubling. As our oceans grow more acidic, we may not only be changing what lives in the sea-but also how smart those creatures can be. 1．What did Dr. Allen’s research find about squid? A．Acidic water caused their brains to shrink. B．Present-day oceans sped up their growth. C．High CO₂ boosted their learning abilities. D．Climate change shortened their life span. 2．What causes squid to hunt less often? A．A lack of available food sources. B．A drop in overall physical strength. C．A decline in visual processing ability. D．A change in their living temperatures. 3．Why does the author mention the data from NOAA in paragraph 4? A．To predict what will happen to different sea creatures. B．To warn of the severity of ongoing ocean acidification. C．To prove human activities have caused global warming. D．To compare the CO₂ absorption rates of different periods. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Squid: A Smart Indicator of Ocean Acidification B．Climate Change: A Big Killer of Intelligent Squid C．The Food Chain Crisis: A Result of Human Actions D．Acidification: A Hidden Threat to Marine Intelligence 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了海洋酸化会导致鱿鱼大脑萎缩、智力下降，威胁海洋生物的学习能力与整个食物链。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr. Allen discovered that the brains of squid from the high-acid tank were 49% smaller in volume than the brains of squid raised under current CO₂ conditions.(Allen博士发现，来自高酸度水箱的鱿鱼大脑体积比在当前二氧化碳条件下饲养的鱿鱼大脑体积小49%)”可知，Allen博士的研究发现酸性海水导致鱿鱼大脑萎缩。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“An earlier study found that squid exposed to high CO₂ hunt less often, and Dr. Allen links this to weaker vision. He believes the shrinking brain makes it harder for brain cells to pass signals correctly, which in turn affects their judgment and makes them more hesitant while hunting.(较早的一项研究发现，暴露在高浓度二氧化碳下的鱿鱼捕食次数减少，Allen博士将此归因于较弱的视力。他认为大脑萎缩使脑细胞更难正确传递信号，进而影响它们的判断，使它们在捕食时更加犹豫)”可知，鱿鱼捕食次数减少的原因是视觉处理能力的下降。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The oceans take in nearly 30% of human-released CO₂ which has raised seawater acidity by about 30%, says the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA predicts ocean acidity could rise another 100%-150% by the end of this century if we keep releasing CO₂, at the current rate.(美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，海洋吸收了近30%的人类释放的二氧化碳，这使海水酸度提高了约30%。美国国家海洋和大气管理局预测，如果我们继续以目前的速度释放二氧化碳，到本世纪末，海洋酸度可能会再上升100%-150%)”可知，作者引用NOAA的数据是为了说明海洋酸化的严重程度，警告人们这一问题的严峻性。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However, according to an ongoing scientific study, ocean acidification, an often overlooked effect of human-caused climate change, could change this within decades.(然而，根据一项正在进行的研究，海洋酸化——这一人为气候变化常被忽视的影响——可能在几十年内改变这一点)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍海洋酸化对鱿鱼智力的影响，并指出这可能威胁整个海洋生态系统，因此D项“酸化：对海洋智力的隐性威胁”最适合用作本文标题。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $