Unit 5 Ancient Civilization 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版(第三版)基础模块2

2026-09-04
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摘要:

本中职英语讲义围绕“Ancient Civilization”主题,系统梳理古代文明相关核心词汇(如civilization, ancient)、短语(one of the +最高级等)及宾语从句(引导词that/if-whether/wh-、语序、时态),构建从词汇积累到语法应用再到情景交际、阅读写作的完整学习支架。 资料以四大文明古国遗迹图片导入,通过词汇辨析(ancient/old)、宾语从句三步判断法等培养思维品质,结合范文强化语言能力,融入文化遗产保护内容提升文化意识。分层练习与易错点汇总辅助课中教学,助力课后学生查漏补缺,巩固知识。

内容正文:

中职英语基础模块2 · Unit 5 Ancient Civilization Unit 5 Ancient Civilization 讲义 单元讲义 · 重难点精讲版 图1 四大文明古国代表性遗迹:古埃及金字塔、古巴比伦(空中花园遗址)、古印度泰姬陵、中国长城 00 学习导航 · 重难点总览 单元主题:本单元围绕 Ancient Civilization(古代文明)展开,话题涵盖四大文明古国、伟大的发明与工程(如长城、金字塔)、历史人物与文化成就,引导学生在了解人类文明遗产的过程中掌握宾语从句(Object Clauses)的用法,并学会描述历史事件、表达观点与评价。 四维学习目标 素养维度 具体目标 语言能力 能听懂、读懂关于古代文明、历史发明与伟大建筑的语篇;掌握本单元核心词汇与宾语从句的语序、引导词和时态变化。 文化意识 了解四大文明古国及代表性成就,增强对人类文化遗产的保护意识与跨文化理解,树立文化自信。 思维品质 能梳理历史事件的发展脉络,辨析事实与观点,对文明成就进行简单评价。 学习能力 能借助时间轴、思维导图整理文明知识,运用宾语从句准确转述他人话语。 重点与难点一览 级别 内容说明 ★ 重点 核心词汇(civilization, ancient, invention, empire, pyramid, culture 等);宾语从句的三类引导词 that / if-whether / wh- 的用法。 ★★ 难点 宾语从句的语序(陈述句语序);主句与从句的时态一致;if 与 whether 的区别;介词后宾语从句的处理。 一、核心词汇精讲 1. 文明与历史类核心词 单词 / 音标 词性与释义 例句拓展 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明 Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的 We visited some ancient buildings in Egypt. empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ n. 帝国 The Roman Empire was very powerful. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 王朝,朝代 The Great Wall was built in different dynasties. culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 Each civilization has its own culture. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 Paper is a great invention of ancient China. pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔 The pyramids in Egypt are world-famous. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ n. (pl.) 遗迹;v. 保持 We can still see the remains of the old city. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护 We should protect our cultural heritage. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 The Great Wall is a great achievement. emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝 Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of China. human /ˈhjuːmən/ adj. 人类的;n. 人 Language is a human invention. 2. 重点词汇辨析 1. ancient / old:ancient 指“远古的、古老的”(有历史厚重感,如 ancient civilization);old 为一般意义的“老的、旧的”。 1. invention / discovery:invention 指“发明”原本不存在的事物(如 paper, compass);discovery 指“发现”原本存在但未被认知的事物(如 America)。 1. remain (n. 遗迹) 常用复数 remains:the remains of the temple(寺庙遗迹);作动词 remain 意为“保持、仍然是”,后接形容词。 ⚠ 词形转换必背 civilize → civilization(文明);ancient 注意拼写中的 e; invent → invention(发明,名词)→ inventor(发明者); protect → protection(保护)→ protective(保护的); achieve → achievement(成就);culture → cultural(文化的,adj.)。 二、核心短语与固定搭配 短语 释义 短语 释义 one of the + 最高级 + 复数 最……之一 be famous for 因……而出名 a great invention 一项伟大的发明 be known as 作为……而闻名 in ancient times 在古代 protect ... from 保护……免受 cultural heritage 文化遗产 play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 the remains of ... ……的遗迹 be located in / on 位于(地点) a long history 悠久的历史 pass down from ... to 从……流传给 ⚠ 易错短语 ① be famous for + 出名的原因(物/事);be famous as + 身份(如 a writer)。 ② one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数(如 one of the greatest inventions),谓语用单数。 ③ protect sb./sth. from (doing) sth.,介词用 from,不用 of。 三、核心语法:宾语从句(Object Clauses)★★ 概念:宾语从句在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语,置于及物动词(如 know, think, say, believe)或介词之后。它由“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”构成,即必须用陈述句语序。 1. 宾语从句的三类引导词 引导词 用法 例句 that 陈述事实,that 可省略 I think (that) the Great Wall is great. if / whether 表示“是否”,一般疑问句转化 I don't know if / whether he is right. wh- 词 特殊疑问句转化(what, who, when, where, why, how) Do you know where the pyramids are? 2. 语序:必须用陈述句语序(最高频考点) 宾语从句永远把主语放在谓语之前,即使原句是疑问句也不能倒装。这是本单元语法考查的核心。 直接问句(疑问语序) 宾语从句(陈述语序) Where is the Great Wall? I know where the Great Wall is. What did he invent? Can you tell me what he invented? When was it built? Do you know when it was built? ⚠ 高频易错(必须牢记) ① 疑问句变宾语从句:先换引导词,再还原语序(主语在前、谓语在后)。 ② 常见错误:Do you know where is the Great Wall?(误,应为 where the Great Wall is)。 ③ 介词后不能直接接 that 从句作宾语(except that 等少数固定搭配除外),一般换用 wh- 从句或不定式。 3. 时态的呼应 主句时态 从句时态 示例 一般现在时 根据实际情况,各种时态均可 I know (that) he will come. 一般过去时 相应后退(现在→过去;过去→过去完成) He said (that) he was busy. 客观真理 / 事实 始终用一般现在时(不变) The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. ★ 三步判断法(解题口诀) 第1步:判断从句类型——陈述事实用 that;是否用 if/whether;“什么/哪里/谁”用 wh-。 第2步:调整语序——一律用“主语 + 谓语”的陈述语序。 第3步:核对时态——主句过去时,从句随之后退;真理事实用一般现在时。 4. if 与 whether 的辨析 情况 只用 whether if / whether 皆可 与 or not 连用 / 介词后 / 不定式前 I worry about whether we can finish. — 引导宾语从句表“是否” — I don't know if / whether it is true. 四、情景交际:谈论文明与历史 1. 核心交际句型 1. 询问 / 表达历史事实:Do you know when the Great Wall was built? — It was built in the Qin Dynasty. 1. 表达观点与评价:I think (that) paper is one of the greatest inventions. / In my opinion, the pyramids are amazing. 1. 转述他人话语(宾语从句):He says (that) the earth moves around the sun. 1. 谈论文化遗产保护:We should protect our cultural heritage for the future. 2. 对话框架(教材话题) A: Do you know which civilization is the oldest? B: I think (that) Chinese civilization is one of the oldest. It has a long history of over 5,000 years. A: Can you tell me what the Egyptians are famous for? B: They are famous for the pyramids. Many people believe (that) they are a wonder of the world. 图2 中国长城与埃及金字塔——古代文明伟大工程的代表 五、阅读与写作 1. 阅读要点 1. 抓时间线索:古代文明话题常按时间顺序展开,注意 in ancient times, around ... BC, during the ... Dynasty 等时间表达。 1. 抓逻辑关系:关注因果(because, so)、转折(but, however),理解文明兴衰的原因。 1. 长句拆解:Historians believe that the Great Wall was built to protect the country from enemies. → 主句(Historians believe)+ 宾语从句(that ...)。 2. 写作:My Favorite Ancient Civilization(范文) ★ 范文 My Favorite Ancient Civilization Among all the ancient civilizations, I like Chinese civilization best. I think (that) it is one of the oldest and greatest in the world. It has a long history of more than 5,000 years. There are many great inventions and achievements in ancient China. For example, paper and the compass are famous all over the world. I am proud (that) our ancestors created such amazing things. I believe (that) we should learn about our history and protect our cultural heritage. Do you know why ancient civilization is so important? Because it helps us understand who we are today. 亮点拆解:① 全文贯穿宾语从句(that / if-whether / wh-)与疑问词引导;② 运用 one of the + 最高级 + 复数、be famous for、cultural heritage 等单元短语;③ 用 Do you know ... 设问增强互动。 六、高频易错点汇总 类型 易错点 正确示例 语序 宾语从句误用疑问语序 Do you know where he is?(√) where is he(×) 引导词 是否 → if / whether 误用 that I don't know if it is true.(√) whether 与 or not 连用时用 whether I don't know whether or not he will come.(√) 时态 主句过去时,从句未后退 He said (that) he was ill.(√) 真理 客观真理未用一般现在时 The teacher said the sun rises in the east.(√) 介词后 介词后误用 that 从句 Think about how we can help.(√) one of 后接名词单数 one of the greatest inventions(√,复数) be famous for 与 as 混用 famous for the pyramids(√) 七、分层巩固练习 A 基础过关:用引导词 that / if / whether / what / where 填空 1. I think ______ the Great Wall is wonderful. 1. Do you know ______ the pyramids are? 1. Can you tell me ______ he invented? 1. I don't know ______ paper was invented in China. B 单项选择 1. The teacher said the earth ______ around the sun. A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go 1. I wonder ______ he will come to the museum. A. that B. what C. if D. which C 句子升级:用宾语从句改写 1. Where is the Great Wall? → Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ ______ ______? 1. Is paper a Chinese invention? → I don't know ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 八、参考答案 A 基础过关 1. that 2. where 3. what 4. that(或 whether / if) B 单项选择 1. A(客观真理,用一般现在时) 2. C(是否,用 if / whether) C 句子升级 1. where the Great Wall is 2. if / whether paper was invented in China 第 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 5 Ancient Civilization 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版(第三版)基础模块2
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Unit 5 Ancient Civilization 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版(第三版)基础模块2
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Unit 5 Ancient Civilization 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版(第三版)基础模块2
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