高考英语长难句分析与翻译技巧 讲义-2027届安徽省高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦长难句分析与翻译核心考点，涵盖定语从句、名词性从句等十大类型，按语法结构逻辑分层编排。通过“结构拆解-翻译策略-真题实例”教学流程，结合考点系统梳理、方法分步指导、分层训练巩固，帮助学生构建长难句破解框架，突破阅读理解障碍。 资料以“分类详解+技巧总结”为特色，如通过四层定语从句嵌套分析培养学生逻辑思维品质，依托“找谓语-拆从句”步骤训练语言理解能力。设置15例典型真题实例及配套重点词汇，配合翻译技巧八法总结，确保复习高效。助力学生提升长难句处理能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

高考英语长难句分析与翻译技巧 ——精选分类详解—— 2027届安徽高考英语复习专用 目录 一、长难句概述与分析方法 3 二、定语从句类长难句（15例） 5 三、名词性从句类长难句（15例） 11 四、状语从句类长难句（10例） 18 五、非谓语动词类长难句（15例） 23 六、插入语类长难句（10例） 31 七、倒装与强调类长难句（10例） 36 八、同位语类长难句（10例） 41 九、分隔结构类长难句（10例） 46 十、省略结构类长难句（5例） 51 十一、长难句翻译技巧总结 54 一、长难句概述与分析方法 （一）什么是长难句 长难句是指结构复杂、修饰成分多、从句嵌套、长度较长的英语句子。这类句子往往包含多个从句、非谓语动词、插入语、同位语等复杂结构，是高考英语阅读理解中的主要障碍。据统计，高考英语阅读理解中，超过60%的题目答案直接或间接来自长难句。因此，掌握长难句的分析方法和翻译技巧，是提高阅读理解能力的关键。 （二）长难句的特点 1、句子长：通常超过30个单词，有的甚至超过50个单词。 2、结构复杂：包含多个从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句），从句嵌套从句。 3、修饰成分多：含有大量的定语、状语、同位语、插入语等修饰成分。 4、语序特殊：可能使用倒装、强调、省略等特殊句式。 5、分隔现象：主谓之间、动宾之间、先行词与关系词之间可能被其他成分隔开。 （三）长难句分析的基本步骤 第一步：找谓语动词，确定句子的主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语）。一个句子有几个谓语动词，就有几个分句。 第二步：找连接词（关系代词、关系副词、从属连词、并列连词），确定从句的类型和范围。 第三步：找非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词），确定其在句中的作用（定语、状语、补语等）。 第四步：找插入语、同位语等修饰成分，用括号标注，先跳过不看。 第五步：拆分句子，逐个理解各个分句和修饰成分的意思。 第六步：按照汉语表达习惯，重新组合各个部分的意思，形成通顺的译文。 （四）长难句翻译的基本原则 1、忠实原文：译文要准确传达原文的意思，不能随意增删或曲解。 2、通顺流畅：译文要符合汉语的表达习惯，不能生硬直译，让人读不懂。 3、语序调整：英语多长句、倒装，汉语多短句、顺装，翻译时需要调整语序。 4、词性转换：英语多用名词、介词，汉语多用动词，翻译时需要进行词性转换。 5、语态转换：英语多用被动语态，汉语多用主动语态，翻译时需要进行语态转换。 二、定语从句类长难句（15例） 定语从句是高考长难句中最常见的结构。定语从句修饰名词或代词，由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）或关系副词（when, where, why）引导。分析定语从句的关键是找准先行词和关系词在从句中充当的成分。 【1】The book which was written by a famous author tells the story of a young man who left his hometown to seek his fortune in the big city, where he faced many challenges that tested his courage and determination. 结构分析：主干：The book tells the story。which was written by a famous author是定语从句修饰book；who left his hometown...是定语从句修饰young man；where he faced many challenges是定语从句修饰city；that tested his courage and determination是定语从句修饰challenges。四层定语从句嵌套。 参考译文：这本由一位著名作家撰写的书，讲述了一个年轻人离开家乡去大城市谋生的故事，在那里他面临了许多考验他勇气和决心的挑战。 重点词汇：seek one's fortune 谋生；determination n. 决心 【2】Students who wish to take part in the competition should hand in their applications to the teacher who is in charge of the student union, whose office is on the second floor of the building that was built last year. 结构分析：主干：Students should hand in their applications。who wish to take part in the competition修饰students；who is in charge of the student union修饰teacher；whose office is on the second floor修饰teacher；that was built last year修饰building。 参考译文：希望参加比赛的学生应该把申请表交给负责学生会的老师，他的办公室在去年建成的那栋楼的二楼。 重点词汇：take part in 参加；in charge of 负责；student union 学生会 【3】The reason why he gave up the opportunity that he had been dreaming of for years is that his mother, who had been diagnosed with a serious illness, needed someone to take care of her. 结构分析：主干：The reason is that...。why he gave up the opportunity是定语从句修饰reason；that he had been dreaming of for years是定语从句修饰opportunity；that his mother...needed someone是表语从句；who had been diagnosed with a serious illness是非限制性定语从句修饰mother。 参考译文：他放弃了多年来一直梦想的机会的原因是，他被诊断出患有重病的母亲需要有人照顾。 重点词汇：give up 放弃；diagnose v. 诊断；take care of 照顾 【4】We have reached a point where we must make a decision that will affect the future of our company, which has been struggling to survive in the fierce competition that has swept the entire industry. 结构分析：主干：We have reached a point。where we must make a decision是定语从句修饰抽象名词point；that will affect the future of our company是定语从句修饰decision；which has been struggling to survive是非限制性定语从句修饰company；that has swept the entire industry是定语从句修饰competition。 参考译文：我们已经到了一个必须做出决定的关键时刻，这个决定将影响我们公司的未来，我们公司一直在席卷整个行业的激烈竞争中艰难求生。 重点词汇：struggle to do 挣扎着做；fierce competition 激烈竞争；sweep v. 席卷 【5】It is the same story that I told you yesterday, which reminds me of the time when we were children and would spend our summer holidays in the village where my grandparents lived. 结构分析：主干：It is the same story。that I told you yesterday是定语从句修饰story（the same...that表示同一个）；which reminds me of the time是非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子；when we were children and would spend our summer holidays是定语从句修饰time；where my grandparents lived是定语从句修饰village。 参考译文：这就是我昨天给你讲的同一个故事，它让我想起了我们小时候在祖父母居住的村子里度暑假的时光。 重点词汇：remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事；spend holidays 度假 【6】The man whose car was stolen yesterday, who is a friend of my father, has reported the case to the police, who are now searching for the thief that stole the car. 结构分析：主干：The man has reported the case。whose car was stolen yesterday是定语从句修饰man；who is a friend of my father是非限制性定语从句修饰man；who are now searching for the thief是非限制性定语从句修饰police；that stole the car是定语从句修饰thief。 参考译文：昨天车被偷的那个人是我父亲的一个朋友，他已经向警方报案，警方正在寻找偷车的小偷。 重点词汇：report the case 报案；search for 寻找；thief n. 小偷 【7】There are many cases where students who have worked hard for years fail in the college entrance examination, which has caused widespread concern among educators and parents alike. 结构分析：主干：There are many cases。where students fail in the college entrance examination是定语从句修饰抽象名词cases；who have worked hard for years是定语从句修饰students；which has caused widespread concern是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子。 参考译文：有很多这样的情况：努力学习多年的学生在高考中失利，这引起了教育工作者和家长的广泛关注。 重点词汇：college entrance examination 高考；widespread concern 广泛关注；educator n. 教育工作者 【8】The factory, which was built in 1990 and has employed more than 500 workers, is now facing a serious financial crisis that may force it to close down, which would leave many people unemployed. 结构分析：主干：The factory is now facing a serious financial crisis。which was built in 1990 and has employed more than 500 workers是非限制性定语从句修饰factory；that may force it to close down是定语从句修饰crisis；which would leave many people unemployed是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子。 参考译文：这家建于1990年、雇佣了500多名工人的工厂，现在正面临严重的金融危机，可能迫使其关闭，这将导致许多人失业。 重点词汇：employ v. 雇佣；financial crisis 金融危机；close down 关闭；unemployed adj. 失业的 【9】As is reported in the newspaper, the government has passed a new law that aims to protect the rights of consumers who have been cheated by dishonest businessmen, which is widely welcomed by the public. 结构分析：主干：the government has passed a new law。As is reported in the newspaper是非限制性定语从句，as指代后面整个句子，放在句首；that aims to protect the rights of consumers是定语从句修饰law；who have been cheated by dishonest businessmen是定语从句修饰consumers；which is widely welcomed by the public是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子。 参考译文：正如报纸所报道的，政府通过了一项新法律，旨在保护被不诚实商人欺骗的消费者的权利，这受到了公众的广泛欢迎。 重点词汇：aim to do 旨在做；consumer n. 消费者；cheat v. 欺骗；dishonest adj. 不诚实的 【10】I will never forget the day when I first met my best friend, who helped me through the difficult period when my parents got divorced and I had to move to a new city where I knew no one. 结构分析：主干：I will never forget the day。when I first met my best friend是定语从句修饰day；who helped me through the difficult period是非限制性定语从句修饰friend；when my parents got divorced and I had to move to a new city是定语从句修饰period；where I knew no one是定语从句修饰city。 参考译文：我永远不会忘记第一次见到我最好朋友的那一天，他帮助我度过了父母离婚、我不得不搬到一个谁也不认识的新城市的艰难时期。 重点词汇：get divorced 离婚；move to 搬到；help sb through 帮助某人度过 【11】The school where I studied for three years, whose headmaster was a strict but kind man, has recently introduced a new policy that requires students to wear uniforms, which has caused a heated debate among students and parents. 结构分析：主干：The school has recently introduced a new policy。where I studied for three years是定语从句修饰school；whose headmaster was a strict but kind man是非限制性定语从句修饰school；that requires students to wear uniforms是定语从句修饰policy；which has caused a heated debate是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子。 参考译文：我就读了三年的那所学校，校长是一位严格但善良的人，最近出台了一项要求学生穿校服的新政策，这在学生和家长中引起了热烈的讨论。 重点词汇：introduce a policy 出台政策；require sb to do 要求某人做；heated debate 热烈讨论 【12】Those who have experienced the terrible earthquake, which destroyed thousands of houses and claimed hundreds of lives, will never forget the moment when the ground began to shake and everything around them started to fall apart. 结构分析：主干：Those will never forget the moment。who have experienced the terrible earthquake是定语从句修饰those；which destroyed thousands of houses and claimed hundreds of lives是非限制性定语从句修饰earthquake；when the ground began to shake and everything around them started to fall apart是定语从句修饰moment。 参考译文：那些经历过那场可怕地震的人永远不会忘记地面开始摇晃、周围一切开始崩塌的那一刻，那场地震摧毁了成千上万的房屋，夺走了数百人的生命。 重点词汇：earthquake n. 地震；destroy v. 摧毁；claim lives 夺走生命；fall apart 崩塌 【13】The book, the cover of which is red, was written by a young author whose first novel, which was published last year, became an instant bestseller that attracted the attention of readers all over the country. 结构分析：主干：The book was written by a young author。the cover of which is red是非限制性定语从句修饰book（=whose cover）；whose first novel became an instant bestseller是定语从句修饰author；which was published last year是非限制性定语从句修饰novel；that attracted the attention of readers all over the country是定语从句修饰bestseller。 参考译文：这本封面是红色的书是一位年轻作家写的，他的第一部小说去年出版后立即成为畅销书，吸引了全国读者的注意。 重点词汇：publish v. 出版；instant bestseller 立即成为畅销书；attract attention 吸引注意 【14】He is such a kind-hearted man that everyone who knows him respects him, which is why he was elected as the leader of the community that he has been serving for more than ten years. 结构分析：主干：He is such a kind-hearted man。that everyone respects him是结果状语从句（such...that）；who knows him是定语从句修饰everyone；which is why he was elected as the leader是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子，其中why引导表语从句；that he has been serving for more than ten years是定语从句修饰community。 参考译文：他是一个如此善良的人，以至于每个认识他的人都尊敬他，这就是为什么他被选为他已经服务了十多年的社区的领导人。 重点词汇：kind-hearted adj. 善良的；respect v. 尊敬；elect v. 选举；serve v. 服务 【15】The only thing that matters now is that we should find a way to solve the problem that has been troubling us for weeks, which requires the cooperation of everyone who is involved in this project. 结构分析：主干：The only thing is that...。that matters now是定语从句修饰thing（先行词被only修饰，只能用that）；that we should find a way to solve the problem是表语从句；that has been troubling us for weeks是定语从句修饰problem；which requires the cooperation of everyone是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；who is involved in this project是定语从句修饰everyone。 参考译文：现在唯一重要的事情是，我们应该找到一种方法来解决困扰我们数周的问题，这需要参与这个项目的每个人的合作。 重点词汇：matter v. 重要；solve the problem 解决问题；trouble v. 困扰；cooperation n. 合作；be involved in 参与 三、名词性从句类长难句（15例） 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，由that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等引导。名词性从句在句中充当名词的作用（主语、宾语、表语、同位语）。分析名词性从句的关键是确定从句的类型和引导词在从句中充当的成分。 【16】What surprised us most was that the student who had been absent from school for two months due to a serious illness managed to pass the final examination with an excellent score that ranked him among the top ten in his grade. 结构分析：主干：What surprised us most was that...。What surprised us most是主语从句（what在从句中作主语）；that the student managed to pass the final examination是表语从句；who had been absent from school for two months是定语从句修饰student；that ranked him among the top ten in his grade是定语从句修饰score。 参考译文：最让我们惊讶的是，那个因重病缺课两个月的学生设法以优异的成绩通过了期末考试，成绩名列年级前十。 重点词汇：absent from 缺席；due to 由于；manage to do 设法做；rank v. 排名 【17】It is widely believed that the reason why so many young people choose to study abroad is that they want to experience different cultures and receive a better education that will help them achieve their career goals in the future. 结构分析：主干：It is widely believed that...。It是形式主语，that引导主语从句。在主语从句中：the reason is that...是主干；why so many young people choose to study abroad是定语从句修饰reason；that they want to experience different cultures and receive a better education是表语从句；that will help them achieve their career goals是定语从句修饰education。 参考译文：人们普遍认为，这么多年轻人选择出国留学的原因是他们想体验不同的文化，接受更好的教育，这将帮助他们在未来实现职业目标。 重点词汇：study abroad 出国留学；experience cultures 体验文化；achieve goals 实现目标；career n. 职业 【18】The teacher told us that we should not only learn what the textbook teaches us but also develop the ability to think independently, which is what many students lack in their study. 结构分析：主干：The teacher told us that...。that引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中：we should not only learn...but also develop...是主干；what the textbook teaches us是宾语从句（what在从句中作宾语）；which is what many students lack in their study是非限制性定语从句，其中what引导表语从句（what在从句中作宾语）。 参考译文：老师告诉我们，我们不仅要学习课本教给我们的东西，还要培养独立思考的能力，这正是许多学生在学习中缺乏的。 重点词汇：textbook n. 课本；develop the ability 培养能力；think independently 独立思考；lack v. 缺乏 【19】Whether he will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow depends on whether his flight will be delayed by the heavy snow that has been falling since last night and has caused the cancellation of many flights. 结构分析：主干：Whether he will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow depends on whether...。Whether引导主语从句（whether不能换成if）；depends on是谓语；whether his flight will be delayed是宾语从句（作介词on的宾语，只能用whether不能用if）；that has been falling since last night and has caused the cancellation of many flights是定语从句修饰snow。 参考译文：他明天能否来参加会议取决于他的航班是否会被从昨晚开始下的大雪延误，这场大雪已经导致许多航班取消。 重点词汇：depend on 取决于；delay v. 延误；cancellation n. 取消；flight n. 航班 【20】The fact that he had lied to his parents about where he had been the night before made them very angry, which is why they decided to take away his mobile phone and computer until he promised that he would never do it again. 结构分析：主干：The fact made them very angry。that he had lied to his parents about where he had been是同位语从句解释fact的内容；where he had been the night before是宾语从句（作介词about的宾语）；which is why they decided to take away his mobile phone是非限制性定语从句，其中why引导表语从句；until he promised that he would never do it again是时间状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句。 参考译文：他在前一天晚上去了哪里这件事上对父母撒了谎，这让他们非常生气，这就是为什么他们决定没收他的手机和电脑，直到他承诺再也不这样做。 重点词汇：lie to sb 对某人撒谎；take away 没收；promise v. 承诺；mobile phone 手机 【21】Whoever wants to succeed in life must remember that hard work is the key to success and that there is no shortcut that can lead to success without effort. 结构分析：主干：Whoever wants to succeed in life must remember that...and that...。Whoever引导主语从句（=anyone who，在从句中作主语）；must remember是谓语；that hard work is the key to success和that there is no shortcut是两个并列的宾语从句；that can lead to success without effort是定语从句修饰shortcut。 参考译文：任何想在生活中成功的人都必须记住，努力工作是成功的关键，没有不努力就能成功的捷径。 重点词汇：succeed v. 成功；the key to success 成功的关键；shortcut n. 捷径；lead to 导致 【22】What I want to know is whether you have understood what the teacher explained in class yesterday and whether you can finish the homework that he assigned on time. 结构分析：主干：What I want to know is whether...and whether...。What I want to know是主语从句（what在从句中作宾语）；is是谓语；whether you have understood what the teacher explained和whether you can finish the homework是两个并列的表语从句；what the teacher explained in class yesterday是宾语从句（作understood的宾语）；that he assigned on time是定语从句修饰homework。 参考译文：我想知道的是，你是否理解了老师昨天在课堂上解释的内容，以及你是否能按时完成他布置的作业。 重点词汇：explain v. 解释；assign homework 布置作业；on time 按时 【23】It is uncertain whether the new policy that the government introduced last month will have a positive effect on the economy, which has been experiencing a slowdown that has worried many economists. 结构分析：主干：It is uncertain whether...。It是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。在主语从句中：the new policy will have a positive effect on the economy是主干；that the government introduced last month是定语从句修饰policy；which has been experiencing a slowdown是非限制性定语从句修饰economy；that has worried many economists是定语从句修饰slowdown。 参考译文：政府上个月出台的新政策是否会对经济产生积极影响还不确定，经济一直在经历放缓，这让许多经济学家感到担忧。 重点词汇：policy n. 政策；have a positive effect on 对……产生积极影响；economy n. 经济；slowdown n. 放缓；economist n. 经济学家 【24】The news that our school team had won the championship, which we had been looking forward to for years, spread quickly throughout the school, making everyone who heard it excited and proud. 结构分析：主干：The news spread quickly throughout the school。that our school team had won the championship是同位语从句解释news的内容；which we had been looking forward to for years是非限制性定语从句修饰championship；making everyone excited and proud是现在分词短语作结果状语；who heard it是定语从句修饰everyone。 参考译文：我们校队赢得了冠军的消息迅速传遍了整个学校，这是我们多年来一直期待的，让每个听到的人都感到兴奋和自豪。 重点词汇：championship n. 冠军；look forward to 期待；spread v. 传播；throughout the school 全校 【25】That he had failed the driving test three times made him lose confidence in himself, which was why his father suggested that he take a break and think about whether he really wanted to get a driving license. 结构分析：主干：That he had failed the driving test three times made him lose confidence。That引导主语从句（that不能省略）；made him lose confidence是谓语+宾语+宾补；which was why his father suggested that...是非限制性定语从句，其中why引导表语从句；that he take a break and think about...是宾语从句（suggest后用虚拟语气，should可省略）；whether he really wanted to get a driving license是宾语从句（作think about的宾语）。 参考译文：他三次驾照考试都没通过，这让他失去了自信，这就是为什么他父亲建议他休息一下，想想自己是否真的想拿到驾照。 重点词汇：driving test 驾照考试；lose confidence 失去自信；suggest v. 建议；driving license 驾照 【26】What makes this book different from others is that it not only tells readers what they should do but also explains why they should do it in a way that is easy to understand. 结构分析：主干：What makes this book different from others is that...。What makes this book different from others是主语从句（what在从句中作主语）；that it not only tells readers...but also explains...是表语从句；what they should do是宾语从句（作tells的直接宾语）；why they should do it是宾语从句（作explains的宾语）；that is easy to understand是定语从句修饰way。 参考译文：这本书与其他书不同之处在于，它不仅告诉读者应该做什么，还用一种容易理解的方式解释为什么应该这样做。 重点词汇：different from 与……不同；not only...but also... 不仅……而且……；in a way 以一种方式 【27】The question that we should discuss at the meeting tomorrow is whether we should invest more money in the project that has been running for two years and whether it will bring us the profits that we expected when we started it. 结构分析：主干：The question is whether...and whether...。that we should discuss at the meeting tomorrow是定语从句修饰question；whether we should invest more money in the project是表语从句；that has been running for two years是定语从句修饰project；whether it will bring us the profits是表语从句；that we expected when we started it是定语从句修饰profits，其中when引导时间状语从句。 参考译文：我们明天会议上应该讨论的问题是，我们是否应该在这个已经运行了两年的项目上投入更多资金，以及它是否会给我们带来我们开始时预期的利润。 重点词汇：invest v. 投资；run a project 运行项目；profit n. 利润；expect v. 预期 【28】It is estimated that more than 80 percent of the information that we receive every day comes through our eyes, which explains why visual aids are so important in teaching and learning. 结构分析：主干：It is estimated that...。It是形式主语，that引导主语从句。在主语从句中：more than 80 percent of the information comes through our eyes是主干；that we receive every day是定语从句修饰information；which explains why visual aids are so important是非限制性定语从句，其中why引导宾语从句（作explains的宾语）。 参考译文：据估计，我们每天收到的信息中有80%以上是通过眼睛获得的，这解释了为什么视觉辅助工具在教学中如此重要。 重点词汇：It is estimated that 据估计；receive v. 接收；visual aids 视觉辅助工具；teaching and learning 教学 【29】Whatever you decide to do, you must remember that your parents will always support you and that they only want what is best for you, even though you may not understand it now. 结构分析：主干：you must remember that...and that...。Whatever you decide to do是让步状语从句（=no matter what）；that your parents will always support you和that they only want what is best for you是两个并列的宾语从句；what is best for you是宾语从句（作want的宾语）；even though you may not understand it now是让步状语从句。 参考译文：无论你决定做什么，你都必须记住，你的父母会永远支持你，他们只想要对你最好的，即使你现在可能不理解。 重点词汇：whatever 无论什么；support v. 支持；even though 即使 【30】The belief that everyone is equal before the law is what makes a democratic society different from others, and it is something that we should always value and protect. 结构分析：主干：The belief is what makes a democratic society different, and it is something。that everyone is equal before the law是同位语从句解释belief的内容；what makes a democratic society different from others是表语从句（what在从句中作主语）；and连接并列句；that we should always value and protect是定语从句修饰something。 参考译文：法律面前人人平等的信念是民主社会与其他社会不同之处，这是我们应该永远珍惜和保护的东西。 重点词汇：belief n. 信念；equal adj. 平等的；democratic adj. 民主的；value v. 珍惜；protect v. 保护 四、状语从句类长难句（10例） 状语从句包括时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较等九种，由各种从属连词引导。状语从句在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。分析状语从句的关键是找准连词，确定从句的类型和逻辑关系。 【31】Although he had been warned many times that the road was dangerous because of the heavy snow that had been falling for days, he insisted on driving to the mountain village where his grandmother lived alone, which worried his family a great deal. 结构分析：主干：he insisted on driving to the mountain village。Although he had been warned many times是让步状语从句；that the road was dangerous是宾语从句（作warned的直接宾语）；because of the heavy snow是介词短语表原因；that had been falling for days是定语从句修饰snow；where his grandmother lived alone是定语从句修饰village；which worried his family a great deal是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子。 参考译文：尽管他已经被多次警告，由于连续几天下大雪道路很危险，他还是坚持开车去他祖母独自居住的山村，这让他的家人非常担心。 重点词汇：warn v. 警告；insist on doing 坚持做；a great deal 非常 【32】As soon as he arrived at the airport, he realized that he had left his passport at home, which meant that he would not be able to board the plane that was scheduled to take off in half an hour unless someone could bring it to him in time. 结构分析：主干：he realized that...。As soon as he arrived at the airport是时间状语从句；that he had left his passport at home是宾语从句；which meant that...是非限制性定语从句，其中that引导宾语从句；that was scheduled to take off in half an hour是定语从句修饰plane；unless someone could bring it to him in time是条件状语从句。 参考译文：他一到机场就意识到把护照忘在家里了，这意味着他无法登上计划半小时后起飞的飞机，除非有人能及时把护照送来。 重点词汇：as soon as 一……就……；passport n. 护照；board the plane 登机；be scheduled to do 计划做；take off 起飞；unless 除非 【33】So difficult was the math problem that none of the students who had taken part in the competition could solve it, even though they had spent months preparing for it and had been considered the best students in the school. 结构分析：主干：So difficult was the math problem that none of the students could solve it。So difficult was the math problem是部分倒装（so...that结构中so放在句首时主句倒装）；that none of the students could solve it是结果状语从句；who had taken part in the competition是定语从句修饰students；even though they had spent months preparing for it and had been considered the best students是让步状语从句。 参考译文：这道数学题太难了，以至于参加比赛的学生中没有一个人能解出来，尽管他们花了数月准备，并且被认为是学校里最好的学生。 重点词汇：so...that... 如此……以至于……；solve v. 解决；take part in 参加；prepare for 准备；consider v. 认为 【34】Wherever he goes, he always carries a notebook in which he writes down whatever he sees and hears, because he believes that recording the details of daily life will help him improve his writing skills that he has been trying to develop for years. 结构分析：主干：he always carries a notebook。Wherever he goes是让步状语从句（=no matter where）；in which he writes down whatever he sees and hears是定语从句修饰notebook；whatever he sees and hears是宾语从句（作writes down的宾语）；because he believes that...是原因状语从句；that recording the details of daily life will help him improve his writing skills是宾语从句；that he has been trying to develop for years是定语从句修饰skills。 参考译文：无论他去哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本，在里面写下他看到和听到的一切，因为他相信记录日常生活的细节将帮助他提高多年来一直在努力培养的写作技能。 重点词汇：wherever 无论哪里；carry v. 携带；write down 写下；whatever 无论什么；record v. 记录；improve v. 提高；develop v. 培养 【35】Since the new policy was introduced last year, the number of students who choose to study abroad has decreased significantly, which is mainly because the quality of education at home has improved so much that many parents now prefer to send their children to local universities. 结构分析：主干：the number of students has decreased significantly。Since the new policy was introduced last year是时间状语从句（since引导，主句用现在完成时）；who choose to study abroad是定语从句修饰students；which is mainly because...是非限制性定语从句，其中because引导表语从句；the quality of education at home has improved so much that many parents now prefer to send their children to local universities是结果状语从句（so...that）。 参考译文：自从去年新政策出台以来，选择出国留学的学生数量大幅下降，这主要是因为国内的教育质量提高了很多，以至于许多家长现在更愿意把孩子送到当地大学。 重点词汇：since 自从；introduce a policy 出台政策；decrease v. 下降；significantly adv. 显著地；quality n. 质量；prefer to do 更愿意做 【36】If you want to make progress in your English study, you should not only memorize new words but also practice speaking as much as possible, even though you may make mistakes that will embarrass you at first. 结构分析：主干：you should not only memorize new words but also practice speaking。If you want to make progress in your English study是条件状语从句；not only...but also...连接并列谓语；as much as possible是方式状语；even though you may make mistakes是让步状语从句；that will embarrass you at first是定语从句修饰mistakes。 参考译文：如果你想在英语学习上取得进步，你不仅应该记住新单词，还应该尽可能多地练习口语，即使你一开始可能会犯让你尴尬的错误。 重点词汇：make progress 取得进步；memorize v. 记住；practice speaking 练习口语；as much as possible 尽可能多；make mistakes 犯错误；embarrass v. 使尴尬；at first 起初 【37】The teacher spoke so slowly and clearly that all the students could understand what he was saying, even though the content that he was explaining was rather difficult for those who had not reviewed the lesson beforehand. 结构分析：主干：The teacher spoke so slowly and clearly that all the students could understand...。so slowly and clearly that...是结果状语从句（so...that）；what he was saying是宾语从句（作understand的宾语）；even though the content was rather difficult是让步状语从句；that he was explaining是定语从句修饰content；for those who had not reviewed the lesson beforehand是介词短语，其中who引导定语从句修饰those。 参考译文：老师讲得又慢又清楚，以至于所有学生都能理解他在说什么，尽管他解释的内容对那些没有提前复习功课的学生来说相当难。 重点词汇：so...that... 如此……以至于……；content n. 内容；explain v. 解释；rather adv. 相当；review v. 复习；beforehand adv. 提前 【38】No matter how hard he tried, he could not persuade his parents to allow him to go on the trip that his school had organized, because they were worried that something unexpected might happen to him while he was away from home. 结构分析：主干：he could not persuade his parents to allow him to go on the trip。No matter how hard he tried是让步状语从句（=however hard he tried）；that his school had organized是定语从句修饰trip；because they were worried that...是原因状语从句；that something unexpected might happen to him是宾语从句（作worried的宾语）；while he was away from home是时间状语从句。 参考译文：无论他多么努力，他都无法说服父母允许他参加学校组织的旅行，因为他们担心他离家期间可能会发生意外。 重点词汇：no matter how 无论多么；persuade v. 说服；allow sb to do 允许某人做；go on a trip 旅行；organize v. 组织；be worried that 担心；unexpected adj. 意外的；away from home 离家 【39】As the old saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way, which means that if you are determined enough to achieve your goal, you will eventually find a way to overcome the difficulties that stand in your way. 结构分析：主干：where there is a will, there is a way。As the old saying goes是非限制性定语从句（as指代后面整个句子）；where there is a will, there is a way是地点状语从句的特殊用法（where引导地点状语从句）；which means that...是非限制性定语从句，其中that引导宾语从句；if you are determined enough to achieve your goal是条件状语从句；you will eventually find a way to overcome the difficulties是主句；that stand in your way是定语从句修饰difficulties。 参考译文：正如老话所说，有志者事竟成，这意味着如果你有足够的决心去实现你的目标，你最终会找到一种方法来克服挡在你路上的困难。 重点词汇：as the old saying goes 正如老话所说；where there is a will, there is a way 有志者事竟成；be determined to do 决心做；achieve one goal 实现目标；eventually adv. 最终；overcome v. 克服；stand in one way 挡路 【40】In order that the students could have a better understanding of the text that they had just learned, the teacher asked them to discuss it in groups after class, so that they could share their opinions and learn from each other. 结构分析：主干：the teacher asked them to discuss it in groups。In order that the students could have a better understanding of the text是目的状语从句（in order that引导，从句中常用can/could/may/might）；that they had just learned是定语从句修饰text；after class是时间状语；so that they could share their opinions and learn from each other是目的状语从句（so that引导）。 参考译文：为了让学生更好地理解他们刚刚学过的课文，老师让他们课后分组讨论，以便他们能够分享观点并互相学习。 重点词汇：in order that 为了；have a better understanding of 更好地理解；discuss in groups 分组讨论；after class 课后；so that 以便；share opinions 分享观点；learn from each other 互相学习 五、非谓语动词类长难句（15例） 非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done）。非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。非谓语动词是高考长难句中最常见的结构之一，分析时要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语和时态语态。 【41】Having been told that the meeting had been put off, the manager, who had been preparing for it for days, decided to go on a business trip to Shanghai, hoping to meet some important clients that he had been trying to contact for a long time. 结构分析：主干：the manager decided to go on a business trip。Having been told that the meeting had been put off是现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语（逻辑主语是manager，先于谓语发生）；that the meeting had been put off是宾语从句；who had been preparing for it for days是非限制性定语从句修饰manager；to go on a business trip是不定式作宾语；to Shanghai是地点状语；hoping to meet some important clients是现在分词作伴随状语；that he had been trying to contact for a long time是定语从句修饰clients。 参考译文：被告知会议推迟后，已经准备了好几天的经理决定去上海出差，希望能见到一些他长期以来一直试图联系的重要客户。 重点词汇：put off 推迟；prepare for 准备；go on a business trip 出差；client n. 客户；try to do 试图做；contact v. 联系 【42】The book, written by a famous author who had spent more than ten years collecting materials and interviewing people, is said to be the most comprehensive account of the historical event that changed the course of the country. 结构分析：主干：The book is said to be the most comprehensive account。written by a famous author是过去分词短语作定语修饰book；who had spent more than ten years collecting materials and interviewing people是定语从句修饰author；is said to be是固定结构（据说……）；of the historical event是介词短语作定语；that changed the course of the country是定语从句修饰event。 参考译文：这本书由一位著名作家撰写，他花了十多年时间收集资料和采访人物，据说这本书是对改变了这个国家历史进程的历史事件最全面的记述。 重点词汇：collect materials 收集资料；interview v. 采访；comprehensive adj. 全面的；account n. 记述；historical event 历史事件；change the course 改变进程 【43】To improve the students' ability to communicate in English, the school has organized a series of activities, including English speech contests, drama performances, and debate competitions, aimed at providing more opportunities for students to practice speaking English. 结构分析：主干：the school has organized a series of activities。To improve the students' ability是不定式作目的状语；to communicate in English是不定式作定语修饰ability；including English speech contests, drama performances, and debate competitions是介词短语作定语（including是介词）；aimed at providing more opportunities是过去分词短语作定语修饰activities（=which are aimed at）；for students to practice speaking English是不定式的复合结构作定语修饰opportunities。 参考译文：为了提高学生的英语交流能力，学校组织了一系列活动，包括英语演讲比赛、戏剧表演和辩论赛，旨在为学生提供更多练习英语口语的机会。 重点词汇：improve ability 提高能力；communicate in English 用英语交流；a series of 一系列；speech contest 演讲比赛；drama performance 戏剧表演；debate competition 辩论赛；aim at doing 旨在做；practice speaking 练习口语 【44】Seeing that the old man was having difficulty carrying the heavy box, the young man, who was walking by, immediately went up to him and offered to help, saying that it was his pleasure to do something for someone in need. 结构分析：主干：the young man went up to him and offered to help。Seeing that the old man was having difficulty carrying the heavy box是现在分词作原因状语（逻辑主语是young man）；that the old man was having difficulty是宾语从句；carrying the heavy box是动名词作宾语（have difficulty doing sth）；who was walking by是非限制性定语从句修饰young man；immediately是副词；went up to him和offered to help是并列谓语；saying that it was his pleasure是现在分词作伴随状语；that it was his pleasure to do something for someone in need是宾语从句。 参考译文：看到老人搬重箱子很困难，路过的年轻人立刻走上前主动帮忙，说他很乐意为有需要的人做些事情。 重点词汇：have difficulty doing 做某事有困难；carry v. 搬；walk by 路过；go up to 走上前；offer to do 主动做；it is one pleasure to do 做某事是某人的荣幸；in need 有需要的 【45】The project, expected to be completed by the end of next year, will provide housing for more than 2,000 families who have been living in poor conditions since their old houses were destroyed in the earthquake that hit the area three years ago. 结构分析：主干：The project will provide housing for more than 2,000 families。expected to be completed by the end of next year是过去分词短语作定语修饰project（=which is expected to be completed）；who have been living in poor conditions是定语从句修饰families；since their old houses were destroyed是时间状语从句；in the earthquake是地点状语；that hit the area three years ago是定语从句修饰earthquake。 参考译文：这个预计明年年底完工的项目将为2000多个家庭提供住房，这些家庭自从三年前袭击该地区的地震摧毁了他们的旧房子以来一直生活在恶劣的条件下。 重点词汇：be expected to do 预计做；complete v. 完成；by the end of 到……末；provide housing 提供住房；poor conditions 恶劣条件；destroy v. 摧毁；earthquake n. 地震；hit v. 袭击 【46】Having graduated from a famous university with a degree in computer science, he found it difficult to get a satisfying job, mainly because the number of graduates had increased so rapidly that many companies were becoming more selective in choosing their employees. 结构分析：主干：he found it difficult to get a satisfying job。Having graduated from a famous university是现在分词的完成式作时间状语（逻辑主语是he，先于谓语发生）；with a degree in computer science是介词短语作伴随状语；found it difficult to get a satisfying job是find+it+adj+to do结构（it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）；mainly because the number of graduates had increased so rapidly是原因状语从句；that many companies were becoming more selective是结果状语从句（so...that）；in choosing their employees是介词短语作状语。 参考译文：从一所著名大学计算机科学专业毕业后，他发现很难找到一份满意的工作，主要是因为毕业生数量增长太快，以至于许多公司在选择员工时变得更加挑剔。 重点词汇：graduate from 毕业于；degree n. 学位；computer science 计算机科学；find it difficult to do 发现做某事困难；satisfying adj. 令人满意的；the number of ……的数量；increase v. 增长；rapidly adv. 迅速地；selective adj. 挑剔的；employee n. 员工 【47】The teacher, encouraged by the progress that his students had made, decided to give them more challenging tasks to do, hoping that they would be able to develop their potential to the fullest and achieve even greater success in the future. 结构分析：主干：The teacher decided to give them more challenging tasks。encouraged by the progress是过去分词短语作原因状语（逻辑主语是teacher）；that his students had made是定语从句修饰progress；to give them more challenging tasks是不定式作宾语；to do是不定式作定语修饰tasks；hoping that they would be able to develop their potential是现在分词作伴随状语；that引导宾语从句；to the fullest是固定搭配（充分地）；and achieve even greater success是并列的不定式；in the future是时间状语。 参考译文：受到学生们取得的进步的鼓舞，老师决定给他们更多有挑战性的任务去做，希望他们能够充分发挥潜力，在未来取得更大的成功。 重点词汇：encourage v. 鼓舞；progress n. 进步；challenging adj. 有挑战性的；develop potential 发挥潜力；to the fullest 充分地；achieve success 取得成功 【48】To be admitted to a top university, students must not only achieve high scores in the college entrance examination but also demonstrate their comprehensive abilities, including leadership, teamwork, and creativity, which are considered essential by many universities. 结构分析：主干：students must not only achieve high scores but also demonstrate their comprehensive abilities。To be admitted to a top university是不定式的被动式作目的状语；not only...but also...连接并列谓语；in the college entrance examination是介词短语作状语；including leadership, teamwork, and creativity是介词短语作定语；which are considered essential by many universities是非限制性定语从句修饰abilities。 参考译文：为了被顶尖大学录取，学生不仅要在高考中取得高分，还要展示他们的综合能力，包括领导力、团队合作和创造力，这些被许多大学认为是必不可少的。 重点词汇：be admitted to 被录取；top university 顶尖大学；achieve high scores 取得高分；demonstrate v. 展示；comprehensive abilities 综合能力；leadership n. 领导力；teamwork n. 团队合作；creativity n. 创造力；essential adj. 必不可少的 【49】The new policy, aimed at reducing the burden on students and improving the quality of education, has received mixed reactions from parents, some of whom support it while others worry that it may have a negative effect on their children's academic performance. 结构分析：主干：The new policy has received mixed reactions。aimed at reducing the burden on students and improving the quality of education是过去分词短语作定语修饰policy（=which is aimed at）；from parents是介词短语作状语；some of whom support it是非限制性定语从句修饰parents；while others worry that...是并列句（while表对比）；that it may have a negative effect on their children's academic performance是宾语从句。 参考译文：这项旨在减轻学生负担、提高教育质量的新政策收到了家长们褒贬不一的反应，一些家长支持它，而另一些家长担心它可能会对孩子的学习成绩产生负面影响。 重点词汇：aim at doing 旨在做；reduce burden 减轻负担；improve quality 提高质量；mixed reactions 褒贬不一的反应；support v. 支持；worry v. 担心；have a negative effect on 对……产生负面影响；academic performance 学习成绩 【50】Walking along the riverbank, enjoying the beautiful scenery and breathing the fresh air, the old man, who had retired from his job last year, felt a sense of peace that he had never experienced before when he was busy with his work. 结构分析：主干：the old man felt a sense of peace。Walking along the riverbank, enjoying the beautiful scenery and breathing the fresh air是三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语（逻辑主语是old man）；who had retired from his job last year是非限制性定语从句修饰old man；that he had never experienced before是定语从句修饰peace；when he was busy with his work是时间状语从句。 参考译文：沿着河岸散步，欣赏着美丽的风景，呼吸着新鲜空气，去年退休的老人感到了一种他以前忙于工作时从未体验过的平静。 重点词汇：riverbank n. 河岸；scenery n. 风景；breathe v. 呼吸；retire v. 退休；a sense of peace 平静感；experience v. 体验；be busy with 忙于 【51】Having been criticized by his teacher for not finishing his homework on time, the boy, who had always been a good student, felt very ashamed and made up his mind to work harder from then on, determined never to make the same mistake again. 结构分析：主干：the boy felt very ashamed and made up his mind to work harder。Having been criticized by his teacher是现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语（逻辑主语是boy，先于谓语发生）；for not finishing his homework on time是介词短语表原因；who had always been a good student是非限制性定语从句修饰boy；felt very ashamed和made up his mind是并列谓语；to work harder是不定式作宾语；from then on是时间状语；determined never to make the same mistake again是过去分词短语作伴随状语（be determined to do）。 参考译文：因为没有按时完成作业而被老师批评后，这个一直是好学生的男孩感到非常羞愧，决心从那时起更加努力学习，下定决心再也不犯同样的错误。 重点词汇：criticize v. 批评；finish homework 完成作业；on time 按时；ashamed adj. 羞愧的；make up one's mind to do 下定决心做；from then on 从那时起；be determined to do 决心做；make a mistake 犯错误 【52】The book, which is said to have been translated into more than 30 languages, tells the story of a young man who left his hometown to seek his fortune in the city, only to find that life there was much harder than he had expected. 结构分析：主干：The book tells the story of a young man。which is said to have been translated into more than 30 languages是非限制性定语从句修饰book（is said to have been done是不定式的完成被动式）；who left his hometown to seek his fortune in the city是定语从句修饰young man；only to find that life there was much harder是不定式作结果状语（only to do表示出乎意料的结果）；that life there was much harder than he had expected是宾语从句，其中than引导比较状语从句。 参考译文：这本书据说已经被翻译成30多种语言，讲述了一个年轻人离开家乡去城市谋生的故事，结果却发现那里的生活比他预期的要艰难得多。 重点词汇：be said to do 据说做；translate into 翻译成；seek one's fortune 谋生；only to do 结果却；harder than 比……更难；expect v. 预期 【53】Faced with the fierce competition in the job market, many graduates, who had dreamed of finding a well-paid job after graduation, are now considering starting their own businesses, hoping to create more opportunities for themselves and others. 结构分析：主干：many graduates are now considering starting their own businesses。Faced with the fierce competition in the job market是过去分词短语作状语（be faced with，逻辑主语是graduates）；who had dreamed of finding a well-paid job after graduation是非限制性定语从句修饰graduates；are considering是谓语；starting their own businesses是动名词作宾语；hoping to create more opportunities for themselves and others是现在分词作伴随状语。 参考译文：面对就业市场的激烈竞争，许多毕业后梦想找到高薪工作的毕业生现在正在考虑创业，希望为自己和他人创造更多机会。 重点词汇：be faced with 面对；fierce competition 激烈竞争；job market 就业市场；dream of doing 梦想做；well-paid adj. 高薪的；graduation n. 毕业；consider doing 考虑做；start one own business 创业；create opportunities 创造机会 【54】The teacher asked the students to write a composition about their most unforgettable experience, requiring them to use at least five different sentence patterns and to hand it in before the end of the week. 结构分析：主干：The teacher asked the students to write a composition。asked the students to write a composition是ask+宾语+宾补结构（不定式作宾补）；about their most unforgettable experience是介词短语作定语；requiring them to use at least five different sentence patterns and to hand it in before the end of the week是现在分词作伴随状语（逻辑主语是teacher）；其中to use...和to hand it in...是并列的不定式作宾补。 参考译文：老师让学生写一篇关于他们最难忘经历的作文，要求他们至少使用五种不同的句型，并在周末前交上来。 重点词汇：ask sb to do 让某人做；composition n. 作文；unforgettable adj. 难忘的；require sb to do 要求某人做；sentence pattern 句型；hand in 上交；before the end of the week 周末前 【55】Having lived in the city for more than ten years, he still finds it hard to get used to the fast pace of life there, often longing for the quiet and peaceful days that he spent in his hometown when he was a child. 结构分析：主干：he still finds it hard to get used to the fast pace of life。Having lived in the city for more than ten years是现在分词的完成式作让步/时间状语（逻辑主语是he）；finds it hard to get used to是find+it+adj+to do结构；there是副词；often longing for the quiet and peaceful days是现在分词作伴随状语；that he spent in his hometown是定语从句修饰days；when he was a child是时间状语从句。 参考译文：在城市生活了十多年后，他仍然觉得很难适应那里快节奏的生活，经常渴望他小时候在家乡度过的安静平和的日子。 重点词汇：live in 居住；find it hard to do 觉得做某事困难；get used to 适应；fast pace of life 快节奏生活；long for 渴望；quiet and peaceful 安静平和的；hometown n. 家乡 六、插入语类长难句（10例） 插入语是指插在句子中间、对句子内容进行补充说明或评价的成分，通常用逗号或破折号与句子其他部分隔开。插入语不影响句子的主干结构，分析长难句时可以先跳过插入语，找出句子主干，再理解插入语的内容。常见的插入语有：I think, I believe, in my opinion, to be honest, generally speaking, what is more, however, therefore, in fact, of course等。 【56】The new technology, which, according to the experts who have been studying it for years, will completely change the way we live and work, is expected to be put into use within the next five years. 结构分析：主干：The new technology is expected to be put into use。which will completely change the way we live and work是非限制性定语从句修饰technology；according to the experts是插入语（介词短语）；who have been studying it for years是定语从句修饰experts；we live and work是定语从句修饰way（省略了that/in which）；within the next five years是时间状语。 参考译文：这项新技术，据研究它多年的专家说，将彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式，预计将在未来五年内投入使用。 重点词汇：technology n. 技术；according to 根据；expert n. 专家；completely adv. 彻底地；be expected to do 预计做；put into use 投入使用 【57】The student, who, I believe, has the potential to become a great scientist if he continues to work hard, was admitted to a famous university last year, which, as we all know, is very difficult to get into. 结构分析：主干：The student was admitted to a famous university。who has the potential to become a great scientist是非限制性定语从句修饰student；I believe是插入语；if he continues to work hard是条件状语从句；last year是时间状语；which is very difficult to get into是非限制性定语从句修饰university；as we all know是插入语（非限制性定语从句，as指代后面内容）。 参考译文：这个学生，我相信，如果他继续努力，有潜力成为一名伟大的科学家，去年被一所著名大学录取了，众所周知，那所大学很难考进。 重点词汇：potential n. 潜力；continue to do 继续做；be admitted to 被录取；as we all know 众所周知；get into 考进 【58】It is, in my opinion, not the difficulties themselves but the way we deal with them that determines whether we can achieve success in the end, which, I think, is what everyone should keep in mind. 结构分析：主干：It is not the difficulties themselves but the way we deal with them that determines whether we can achieve success。这是强调句（It is...that...），强调主语not...but...结构；in my opinion是插入语；we deal with them是定语从句修饰way；whether we can achieve success in the end是宾语从句（作determines的宾语）；which is what everyone should keep in mind是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；I think是插入语；what everyone should keep in mind是表语从句。 参考译文：在我看来，决定我们最终能否成功的不是困难本身，而是我们应对困难的方式，我认为这是每个人都应该牢记的。 重点词汇：in my opinion 在我看来；deal with 应对；determine v. 决定；achieve success 取得成功；in the end 最终；keep in mind 牢记 【59】The project, which, as has been reported in the newspaper, has cost the government more than 100 million yuan, will, if everything goes according to plan, be completed by the end of this year. 结构分析：主干：The project will be completed。which has cost the government more than 100 million yuan是非限制性定语从句修饰project；as has been reported in the newspaper是插入语（非限制性定语从句，as指代后面内容）；if everything goes according to plan是插入语（条件状语从句）；by the end of this year是时间状语。 参考译文：这个项目，正如报纸所报道的，已经花费了政府超过1亿元，如果一切按计划进行，将在今年年底完成。 重点词汇：project n. 项目；as has been reported 正如所报道的；cost v. 花费；government n. 政府；according to plan 按计划；complete v. 完成；by the end of 到……末 【60】What, do you think, is the most important quality that a person should have if he wants to succeed in life, and what, in your opinion, can we do to develop this quality? 结构分析：主干：What is the most important quality, and what can we do to develop this quality?这是and连接的并列疑问句。do you think是插入语（第一个疑问句中）；that a person should have是定语从句修饰quality；if he wants to succeed in life是条件状语从句；in your opinion是插入语（第二个疑问句中）；to develop this quality是不定式作目的状语。 参考译文：你认为，如果一个人想在生活中成功，他应该具备的最重要的品质是什么？在你看来，我们能做些什么来培养这种品质？ 重点词汇：quality n. 品质；succeed v. 成功；develop v. 培养；in your opinion 在你看来 【61】The book, which, to be honest, I found rather difficult to understand at first, has, after I read it several times, become one of my favorite books that I have ever read. 结构分析：主干：The book has become one of my favorite books。which I found rather difficult to understand at first是非限制性定语从句修饰book；to be honest是插入语；after I read it several times是插入语（时间状语从句）；that I have ever read是定语从句修饰books。 参考译文：这本书，说实话，我一开始觉得相当难理解，但在我读了几遍之后，它已经成为我读过的最喜欢的书之一。 重点词汇：to be honest 说实话；rather adv. 相当；at first 起初；several times 几遍；favorite adj. 最喜欢的 【62】Generally speaking, students who, in addition to their academic studies, take part in various after-school activities, such as sports, music, and volunteering, are more likely to develop well-rounded personalities that will benefit them in the future. 结构分析：主干：students are more likely to develop well-rounded personalities。Generally speaking是插入语（现在分词短语作评注性状语）；who take part in various after-school activities是定语从句修饰students；in addition to their academic studies是插入语（介词短语）；such as sports, music, and volunteering是插入语（举例）；that will benefit them in the future是定语从句修饰personalities。 参考译文：一般来说，除了学业之外还参加各种课外活动（如体育、音乐和志愿服务）的学生，更有可能培养出全面发展的人格，这将使他们在未来受益。 重点词汇：generally speaking 一般来说；academic studies 学业；in addition to 除了；take part in 参加；various adj. 各种各样的；after-school activities 课外活动；volunteering n. 志愿服务；be likely to do 可能做；well-rounded adj. 全面发展的；personality n. 人格；benefit v. 使受益 【63】The plan, which, as far as I know, has been discussed at several meetings and has received support from most of the members, will, I hope, be carried out as soon as possible. 结构分析：主干：The plan will be carried out。which has been discussed at several meetings and has received support from most of the members是非限制性定语从句修饰plan；as far as I know是插入语；I hope是插入语；as soon as possible是时间状语。 参考译文：这个计划，据我所知，已经在几次会议上讨论过，并得到了大多数成员的支持，我希望能尽快实施。 重点词汇：as far as I know 据我所知；discuss v. 讨论；receive support 得到支持；member n. 成员；carry out 实施；as soon as possible 尽快 【64】What is more, the research, which, according to the scientists who conducted it, could lead to major breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer, will, if enough funding is provided, be continued for another five years. 结构分析：主干：the research will be continued for another five years。What is more是插入语（连接性状语）；which could lead to major breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer是非限制性定语从句修饰research；according to the scientists是插入语；who conducted it是定语从句修饰scientists；if enough funding is provided是插入语（条件状语从句）。 参考译文：此外，这项研究，据进行研究的科学家说，可能会在癌症治疗方面取得重大突破，如果提供足够的资金，将再继续五年。 重点词汇：what is more 此外；research n. 研究；conduct v. 进行；lead to 导致；breakthrough n. 突破；treatment n. 治疗；cancer n. 癌症；funding n. 资金；continue v. 继续 【65】The young man, who, believe it or not, used to be a problem student that every teacher was worried about, has, through his own efforts and with the help of his family, turned himself into a successful businessman who is now respected by everyone who knows him. 结构分析：主干：The young man has turned himself into a successful businessman。who used to be a problem student是非限制性定语从句修饰young man；believe it or not是插入语；that every teacher was worried about是定语从句修饰student；through his own efforts and with the help of his family是插入语（介词短语作方式状语）；who is now respected by everyone是定语从句修饰businessman；who knows him是定语从句修饰everyone。 参考译文：这个年轻人，信不信由你，曾经是一个每个老师都担心的问题学生，通过自己的努力和家人的帮助，已经变成了一个成功的商人，现在每个认识他的人都尊敬他。 重点词汇：believe it or not 信不信由你；used to do 过去常常；problem student 问题学生；be worried about 担心；through one own efforts 通过自己的努力；with the help of 在……的帮助下；turn...into... 把……变成……；successful adj. 成功的；businessman n. 商人；respect v. 尊敬 七、倒装与强调类长难句（10例） 倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语之前，常见于there be句型、表示方位的副词放在句首等。部分倒装是将助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，常见于否定词放在句首、only+状语放在句首、so/such...that结构中so/such放在句首、as/though引导让步状语从句等情况。强调句的基本结构是It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分。 【66】Not only did the students learn a lot from the lecture that was given by the famous professor, but they also had the opportunity to ask him questions that had been puzzling them for a long time. 结构分析：主干：the students learned a lot and they also had the opportunity。Not only did the students learn...是部分倒装（not only放在句首时，前半句倒装，but also后面不倒装）；from the lecture是介词短语作状语；that was given by the famous professor是定语从句修饰lecture；but they also had the opportunity是并列句；to ask him questions是不定式作定语；that had been puzzling them for a long time是定语从句修饰questions。 参考译文：学生们不仅从著名教授的讲座中学到了很多，而且还有机会问他一些长期困扰他们的问题。 重点词汇：not only...but also... 不仅……而且……；lecture n. 讲座；professor n. 教授；have the opportunity to do 有机会做；puzzle v. 困扰 【67】Only when you have experienced the difficulties that I have gone through can you truly understand how hard it is to achieve success, which is something that I have learned from my own experience over the years. 结构分析：主干：can you truly understand how hard it is to achieve success。Only when you have experienced the difficulties是部分倒装（only+时间状语从句放在句首时，主句倒装）；that I have gone through是定语从句修饰difficulties；how hard it is to achieve success是宾语从句（作understand的宾语，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语）；which is something是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；that I have learned from my own experience over the years是定语从句修饰something。 参考译文：只有当你经历了我所经历的困难时，你才能真正理解取得成功有多难，这是我多年来从自己的经历中学到的东西。 重点词汇：only when 只有当；experience v. 经历；go through 经历；truly adv. 真正地；achieve success 取得成功；over the years 多年来 【68】It was not until he had failed several times that he realized the importance of working hard, which, in my opinion, is the key to success that everyone should remember. 结构分析：主干：It was not until he had failed several times that he realized the importance of working hard。这是强调句（It was...that...），强调时间状语not until he had failed several times；not until引导时间状语从句；the importance of working hard是宾语；which is the key to success是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；in my opinion是插入语；that everyone should remember是定语从句修饰key。 参考译文：直到他失败了好几次，他才意识到努力工作的重要性，在我看来，这是每个人都应该记住的成功的关键。 重点词汇：not until 直到；fail v. 失败；realize v. 意识到；the importance of ……的重要性；work hard 努力工作；the key to success 成功的关键 【69】So moved was the old man by the kindness of the strangers who had helped him when he got lost in the city that he could not help crying, saying that he would never forget what they had done for him. 结构分析：主干：So moved was the old man that he could not help crying。So moved was the old man是部分倒装（so+形容词放在句首时，主句倒装）；by the kindness of the strangers是介词短语表原因；who had helped him是定语从句修饰strangers；when he got lost in the city是时间状语从句；that he could not help crying是结果状语从句（so...that）；saying that he would never forget是现在分词作伴随状语；what they had done for him是宾语从句（作forget的宾语）。 参考译文：老人被在他城市迷路时帮助他的陌生人的善良深深感动，以至于忍不住哭了起来，说他永远不会忘记他们为他所做的一切。 重点词汇：so...that... 如此……以至于……；moved adj. 感动的；kindness n. 善良；stranger n. 陌生人；get lost 迷路；could not help doing 忍不住做；forget v. 忘记 【70】Never before had I seen such a beautiful scene that I could not help taking out my camera to take photos, hoping to capture the moment that would stay in my memory forever. 结构分析：主干：Never before had I seen such a beautiful scene。Never before had I seen是部分倒装（否定词never放在句首时，主句倒装）；such a beautiful scene是宾语；that I could not help taking out my camera是结果状语从句（such...that）；to take photos是不定式作目的状语；hoping to capture the moment是现在分词作伴随状语；that would stay in my memory forever是定语从句修饰moment。 参考译文：我以前从未见过如此美丽的景色，以至于我忍不住拿出相机拍照，希望能捕捉到将永远留在我记忆中的那一刻。 重点词汇：never before 以前从未；such...that... 如此……以至于……；could not help doing 忍不住做；take out 拿出；camera n. 相机；take photos 拍照；capture v. 捕捉；stay in one memory 留在记忆中；forever adv. 永远 【71】It is the ability to learn from failures, not the intelligence that one is born with, that determines whether a person can achieve great success in his life, which is what many successful people have in common. 结构分析：主干：It is the ability to learn from failures that determines whether a person can achieve great success。这是强调句（It is...that...），强调主语the ability to learn from failures；not the intelligence that one is born with是插入语（对比结构）；that one is born with是定语从句修饰intelligence；whether a person can achieve great success in his life是宾语从句（作determines的宾语）；which is what many successful people have in common是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子，其中what引导表语从句。 参考译文：决定一个人能否在生活中取得巨大成功的是从失败中学习的能力，而不是天生的智力，这是许多成功人士的共同之处。 重点词汇：ability n. 能力；learn from failures 从失败中学习；intelligence n. 智力；be born with 天生具有；determine v. 决定；achieve success 取得成功；have in common 有共同之处 【72】Hard as he tried, he could not solve the math problem that the teacher had assigned as homework, which made him realize that he needed to spend more time reviewing the lessons that he had not fully understood. 结构分析：主干：he could not solve the math problem。Hard as he tried是让步状语从句的倒装（as引导让步状语从句时，表语/状语/动词原形放在句首，用倒装）；that the teacher had assigned as homework是定语从句修饰problem；which made him realize that...是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；that he needed to spend more time reviewing the lessons是宾语从句；that he had not fully understood是定语从句修饰lessons。 参考译文：尽管他努力尝试，他还是解不出老师布置为作业的那道数学题，这让他意识到他需要花更多时间复习他没有完全理解的功课。 重点词汇：hard as he tried 尽管他努力尝试；solve v. 解决；assign v. 布置；homework n. 作业；realize v. 意识到；spend time doing 花时间做；review v. 复习；fully adv. 完全地 【73】There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain, which, according to the local people who have lived there for generations, was built more than 500 years ago and has a long history that is worth studying. 结构分析：主干：There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain。There stands是完全倒装（there放在句首，谓语是表示存在的动词，主语是名词时用完全倒装）；on the top of the mountain是地点状语；which was built more than 500 years ago and has a long history是非限制性定语从句修饰temple；according to the local people是插入语；who have lived there for generations是定语从句修饰people；that is worth studying是定语从句修饰history。 参考译文：山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙，据在那里生活了几代的当地人说，它建于500多年前，有着值得研究的悠久历史。 重点词汇：there stands 矗立着；temple n. 寺庙；on the top of 在……顶上；mountain n. 山；according to 根据；local people 当地人；generation n. 一代；build v. 建造；a long history 悠久历史；be worth doing 值得做 【74】Little did he know that the decision that he had made on the spur of the moment would change his life completely, leading him down a path that he had never imagined possible. 结构分析：主干：Little did he know that...。Little did he know是部分倒装（否定词little放在句首时，主句倒装）；that the decision would change his life completely是宾语从句；that he had made on the spur of the moment是定语从句修饰decision；leading him down a path是现在分词作结果状语；that he had never imagined possible是定语从句修饰path。 参考译文：他几乎不知道，他一时冲动做出的决定将彻底改变他的生活，将他引向一条他从未想象过可能的道路。 重点词汇：little did he know 他几乎不知道；decision n. 决定；on the spur of the moment 一时冲动；change one life 改变某人的生活；completely adv. 彻底地；lead down a path 引向一条道路；imagine v. 想象 【75】It was in the small village where he was born and raised that he met the woman who would later become his wife and who would support him through all the difficulties that he would face in his life. 结构分析：主干：It was in the small village that he met the woman。这是强调句（It was...that...），强调地点状语in the small village；where he was born and raised是定语从句修饰village；who would later become his wife和who would support him through all the difficulties是两个并列的定语从句修饰woman；that he would face in his life是定语从句修饰difficulties。 参考译文：正是在他出生和长大的那个小村庄里，他遇到了后来成为他妻子的女人，她将在他生活中面临的所有困难中支持他。 重点词汇：It was...that... 正是……；village n. 村庄；be born and raised 出生和长大；meet v. 遇见；later adv. 后来；become one wife 成为某人的妻子；support v. 支持；through all the difficulties 度过所有困难；face v. 面对 八、同位语类长难句（10例） 同位语是指放在名词或代词后面、对其进行解释说明的成分。同位语可以是名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。同位语从句是由that引导的名词性从句，用来解释说明前面名词的具体内容，常见的先行词有：fact, news, idea, hope, belief, doubt, possibility, evidence, promise, suggestion, question, problem, truth, message等。同位语从句中的that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。 【76】The fact that he had lied to his parents about where he had been after school made them very disappointed, which led them to have a serious talk with him about the importance of honesty that they had always taught him. 结构分析：主干：The fact made them very disappointed。that he had lied to his parents about where he had been after school是同位语从句解释fact的内容；where he had been after school是宾语从句（作介词about的宾语）；which led them to have a serious talk with him是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；about the importance of honesty是介词短语作定语；that they had always taught him是定语从句修饰honesty。 参考译文：他放学后去了哪里这件事对父母撒了谎，这让他们非常失望，这导致他们和他进行了一次关于他们一直教给他的诚实的重要性的严肃谈话。 重点词汇：lie to sb 对某人撒谎；disappointed adj. 失望的；lead sb to do 导致某人做；have a serious talk 进行严肃谈话；honesty n. 诚实；teach v. 教 【77】The news that our school team had won the championship, which we had been looking forward to for years, spread throughout the city, making everyone who heard it feel proud of the students who had worked so hard to achieve this goal. 结构分析：主干：The news spread throughout the city。that our school team had won the championship是同位语从句解释news的内容；which we had been looking forward to for years是非限制性定语从句修饰championship；making everyone feel proud是现在分词作结果状语；who heard it是定语从句修饰everyone；of the students是介词短语作定语；who had worked so hard to achieve this goal是定语从句修饰students。 参考译文：我们校队赢得了冠军的消息，这是我们多年来一直期待的，传遍了整个城市，让每个听到的人都为那些为实现这个目标而努力工作的学生感到骄傲。 重点词汇：championship n. 冠军；look forward to 期待；spread v. 传播；throughout the city 全城；feel proud of 为……感到骄傲；achieve this goal 实现这个目标 【78】There is a common belief among parents that the more time children spend on their studies, the better grades they will get, which, however, is not always true according to the latest research that was conducted by a group of education experts. 结构分析：主干：There is a common belief among parents。that the more time children spend on their studies, the better grades they will get是同位语从句解释belief的内容（the more...the better...比较结构）；which is not always true是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；however是插入语；according to the latest research是介词短语作状语；that was conducted by a group of education experts是定语从句修饰research。 参考译文：家长中普遍认为，孩子花在学习上的时间越多，成绩就越好，然而，根据一组教育专家进行的最新研究，这并不总是正确的。 重点词汇：common belief 普遍认为；the more...the better... 越……越……；spend time on 花时间在；grade n. 成绩；however 然而；according to 根据；latest research 最新研究；conduct v. 进行；education expert 教育专家 【79】The possibility that he might fail the exam, which he had been preparing for months, worried him so much that he could not sleep well at night, which, in turn, affected his performance during the day. 结构分析：主干：The possibility worried him so much that he could not sleep well。that he might fail the exam是同位语从句解释possibility的内容；which he had been preparing for months是非限制性定语从句修饰exam；so much that he could not sleep well at night是结果状语从句（so...that）；which affected his performance during the day是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；in turn是插入语。 参考译文：他可能考试不及格的可能性，他已经准备了几个月的考试，让他非常担心，以至于晚上睡不好觉，这反过来又影响了他白天的表现。 重点词汇：possibility n. 可能性；fail the exam 考试不及格；prepare for 准备；worry v. 担心；so...that... 如此……以至于……；sleep well 睡好；in turn 反过来；affect v. 影响；performance n. 表现 【80】The idea that we should protect the environment, which has been widely accepted by people all over the world, is what drives many scientists to devote their lives to finding solutions to the environmental problems that we are facing today. 结构分析：主干：The idea is what drives many scientists to devote their lives。that we should protect the environment是同位语从句解释idea的内容；which has been widely accepted by people all over the world是非限制性定语从句修饰idea；what drives many scientists to devote their lives to finding solutions是表语从句（what在从句中作主语）；to the environmental problems是介词短语作定语；that we are facing today是定语从句修饰problems。 参考译文：我们应该保护环境的想法，已经被全世界人民广泛接受，这正是驱使许多科学家毕生致力于寻找我们今天面临的环境问题的解决方案的原因。 重点词汇：protect the environment 保护环境；widely accepted 广泛接受；all over the world 全世界；drive v. 驱使；devote one life to doing 毕生致力于做；find solutions 寻找解决方案；environmental problems 环境问题；face v. 面对 【81】The evidence that the suspect was at the scene of the crime when it happened, which was provided by a witness who had seen him there, convinced the jury that he was guilty of the crime that he had been accused of. 结构分析：主干：The evidence convinced the jury that he was guilty。that the suspect was at the scene of the crime when it happened是同位语从句解释evidence的内容，其中when引导时间状语从句；which was provided by a witness是非限制性定语从句修饰evidence；who had seen him there是定语从句修饰witness；that he was guilty of the crime是宾语从句（作convinced的宾语）；that he had been accused of是定语从句修饰crime。 参考译文：嫌疑人在犯罪发生时在犯罪现场的证据，由一位在那里看到他的证人提供，使陪审团相信他犯了被指控的罪行。 重点词汇：evidence n. 证据；suspect n. 嫌疑人；scene of the crime 犯罪现场；happen v. 发生；provide v. 提供；witness n. 证人；convince v. 使相信；jury n. 陪审团；be guilty of 犯……罪；be accused of 被指控 【82】The suggestion that the school should reduce the amount of homework that students have to do every day, which was put forward by a group of parents, has caused a heated debate among teachers, some of whom support it while others worry that it may affect students' academic performance. 结构分析：主干：The suggestion has caused a heated debate。that the school should reduce the amount of homework是同位语从句解释suggestion的内容（suggestion后用虚拟语气，should可省略）；that students have to do every day是定语从句修饰homework；which was put forward by a group of parents是非限制性定语从句修饰suggestion；among teachers是介词短语作状语；some of whom support it是非限制性定语从句修饰teachers；while others worry that...是并列句；that it may affect students' academic performance是宾语从句。 参考译文：学校应该减少学生每天必须做的作业量的建议，由一群家长提出，在教师中引起了热烈的讨论，一些教师支持它，而另一些教师担心它可能会影响学生的学习成绩。 重点词汇：suggestion n. 建议；reduce v. 减少；the amount of ……的数量；homework n. 作业；put forward 提出；a group of 一群；heated debate 热烈讨论；support v. 支持；worry v. 担心；affect v. 影响；academic performance 学习成绩 【83】The truth that no one can succeed without working hard, which is something that everyone knows but few people truly practice, is what separates successful people from those who only dream of success without taking action. 结构分析：主干：The truth is what separates successful people from those。that no one can succeed without working hard是同位语从句解释truth的内容；which is something是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；that everyone knows but few people truly practice是定语从句修饰something；what separates successful people from those是表语从句（what在从句中作主语）；who only dream of success without taking action是定语从句修饰those。 参考译文：没有人能不努力就成功的真理，这是每个人都知道但很少有人真正实践的东西，正是它将成功人士与那些只梦想成功而不采取行动的人区分开来。 重点词汇：truth n. 真理；succeed v. 成功；work hard 努力；practice v. 实践；separate...from... 将……与……区分开；dream of 梦想；take action 采取行动 【84】The message that the teacher left for the students before going on a business trip, which said that they should review the lessons and finish the homework on time, was written on the blackboard, where everyone could see it clearly when they entered the classroom. 结构分析：主干：The message was written on the blackboard。that the teacher left for the students before going on a business trip是定语从句修饰message（注意：这里that引导定语从句，因为先行词message在从句中作left的宾语）；which said that they should review the lessons and finish the homework on time是非限制性定语从句修饰message，其中that引导宾语从句；where everyone could see it clearly是定语从句修饰blackboard；when they entered the classroom是时间状语从句。 参考译文：老师出差前留给学生的消息，说他们应该复习功课并按时完成作业，写在黑板上，每个人进教室时都能清楚地看到。 重点词汇：message n. 消息；leave for 留给；go on a business trip 出差；review v. 复习；finish homework 完成作业；on time 按时；blackboard n. 黑板；clearly adv. 清楚地；enter v. 进入；classroom n. 教室 【85】The question that whether we should continue the project that has cost us so much money and time, which has been discussed at several meetings, remains unanswered, leaving everyone who is involved in it wondering what to do next. 结构分析：主干：The question remains unanswered。that whether we should continue the project是同位语从句解释question的内容（注意：question后可以用whether引导同位语从句，that可以省略）；that has cost us so much money and time是定语从句修饰project；which has been discussed at several meetings是非限制性定语从句修饰question；leaving everyone wondering what to do next是现在分词作结果状语；who is involved in it是定语从句修饰everyone；what to do next是疑问词+不定式作宾语。 参考译文：我们是否应该继续这个已经花费了我们大量金钱和时间的项目的问题，已经在几次会议上讨论过，仍然没有答案，让每个参与其中的人都不知道下一步该做什么。 重点词汇：question n. 问题；whether 是否；continue v. 继续；project n. 项目；cost v. 花费；a lot of 大量；discuss v. 讨论；remain unanswered 仍然没有答案；be involved in 参与；wonder v. 想知道；what to do next 下一步做什么 九、分隔结构类长难句（10例） 分隔结构是指句子中本来应该紧密相连的两个成分（如主谓之间、动宾之间、先行词与关系词之间）被其他成分（如定语、状语、插入语等）隔开的现象。分隔结构是造成长难句理解困难的重要原因之一，分析时要注意找准被分隔的两个成分，跳过中间的修饰成分，理解句子的主干。常见的分隔结构有：主谓分隔、动宾分隔、系表分隔、先行词与关系词分隔等。 【86】The student, who had been working hard for years and had won several awards in various competitions, finally achieved his dream of being admitted to the university that he had been longing for since he was a child. 结构分析：主干：The student finally achieved his dream。主谓之间被非限制性定语从句who had been working hard for years and had won several awards in various competitions分隔；of being admitted to the university是介词短语作定语修饰dream；that he had been longing for是定语从句修饰university（先行词university与关系词that之间没有被分隔，但前面有较长的定语）；since he was a child是时间状语从句。 参考译文：这个学生，多年来一直努力学习，在各种比赛中赢得了几个奖项，终于实现了他从小就一直渴望的被那所大学录取的梦想。 重点词汇：work hard 努力学习；win awards 获奖；various adj. 各种各样的；competition n. 比赛；achieve one dream 实现梦想；be admitted to 被录取；long for 渴望 【87】The days are gone when we had to rely on foreign technology and pay high prices for products that were made abroad, which is something that every Chinese person should be proud of. 结构分析：主干：The days are gone。先行词days与关系副词when之间被谓语are gone分隔（分隔式定语从句）；when we had to rely on foreign technology and pay high prices for products是定语从句修饰days；that were made abroad是定语从句修饰products；which is something是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；that every Chinese person should be proud of是定语从句修饰something。 参考译文：我们不得不依赖外国技术、为国外制造的产品支付高价的日子已经一去不复返了，这是每个中国人都应该感到骄傲的事情。 重点词汇：be gone 一去不复返；rely on 依赖；foreign technology 外国技术；pay high prices 支付高价；product n. 产品；be made abroad 国外制造；be proud of 为……骄傲 【88】I was the only person in my office who was invited to the meeting that was held by the company to discuss the new policy that had been introduced recently, which, as you can imagine, made me feel very honored. 结构分析：主干：I was the only person。先行词person与关系词who之间被介词短语in my office分隔（分隔式定语从句）；who was invited to the meeting是定语从句修饰person；that was held by the company是定语从句修饰meeting；to discuss the new policy是不定式作目的状语；that had been introduced recently是定语从句修饰policy；which made me feel very honored是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；as you can imagine是插入语。 参考译文：我是办公室里唯一一个被邀请参加公司为讨论最近出台的新政策而举行的会议的人，正如你可以想象的，这让我感到非常荣幸。 重点词汇：the only person 唯一一个；invite v. 邀请；hold a meeting 举行会议；discuss v. 讨论；new policy 新政策；introduce v. 出台；as you can imagine 正如你可以想象的；feel honored 感到荣幸 【89】The news came as a surprise to everyone that the famous actor, who had been loved by millions of fans for his excellent performances in many films, had decided to retire from the entertainment industry. 结构分析：主干：The news came as a surprise to everyone。先行词news与同位语从句that the famous actor had decided to retire from the entertainment industry之间被谓语came as a surprise to everyone分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；who had been loved by millions of fans for his excellent performances in many films是非限制性定语从句修饰actor。 参考译文：这位著名演员，因在许多电影中的出色表演而被数百万粉丝喜爱，已经决定退出娱乐圈的消息让每个人都感到惊讶。 重点词汇：come as a surprise 令人惊讶；famous actor 著名演员；millions of 数百万；fan n. 粉丝；excellent adj. 出色的；performance n. 表演；decide to do 决定做；retire from 退出；entertainment industry 娱乐圈 【90】The belief is widely held among young people that success can be achieved through hard work and determination, which is a positive attitude that will help them overcome the difficulties that they will inevitably face in life. 结构分析：主干：The belief is widely held among young people。先行词belief与同位语从句that success can be achieved through hard work and determination之间被谓语is widely held among young people分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；which is a positive attitude是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；that will help them overcome the difficulties是定语从句修饰attitude；that they will inevitably face in life是定语从句修饰difficulties。 参考译文：成功可以通过努力和决心实现的信念在年轻人中广泛持有，这是一种积极的态度，将帮助他们克服他们在生活中不可避免地会面临的困难。 重点词汇：belief n. 信念；widely held 广泛持有；achieve success 取得成功；through hard work 通过努力；determination n. 决心；positive attitude 积极态度；overcome v. 克服；inevitably adv. 不可避免地；face v. 面对 【91】The time will come when every family in this country will have a car and a house, which, according to the economists who have been studying the economic development of the country for years, is not a distant dream but a realistic goal. 结构分析：主干：The time will come。先行词time与关系副词when之间被谓语will come分隔（分隔式定语从句）；when every family in this country will have a car and a house是定语从句修饰time；which is not a distant dream but a realistic goal是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；according to the economists是插入语；who have been studying the economic development of the country for years是定语从句修饰economists。 参考译文：这个国家的每个家庭都将拥有汽车和房子的时代将会到来，据研究该国经济发展多年的经济学家说，这不是一个遥远的梦想，而是一个现实的目标。 重点词汇：the time will come 时代将会到来；every family 每个家庭；according to 根据；economist n. 经济学家；study v. 研究；economic development 经济发展；distant dream 遥远的梦想；realistic goal 现实的目标 【92】The order was given by the general that all the soldiers who had been fighting on the front line for months should retreat immediately and gather at the base that was located 50 kilometers away from the battlefield. 结构分析：主干：The order was given by the general。先行词order与同位语从句that all the soldiers should retreat immediately and gather at the base之间被谓语was given by the general分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；who had been fighting on the front line for months是定语从句修饰soldiers；that was located 50 kilometers away from the battlefield是定语从句修饰base。 参考译文：将军下达了命令，所有在前线战斗了数月的士兵应该立即撤退，在距离战场50公里的基地集合。 重点词汇：order n. 命令；give an order 下达命令；general n. 将军；soldier n. 士兵；fight on the front line 在前线战斗；retreat v. 撤退；immediately adv. 立即；gather v. 集合；base n. 基地；be located 位于；kilometer n. 公里；battlefield n. 战场 【93】The story is told in the book that the old man, who had spent his whole life in the village where he was born, had a secret that he had kept hidden from everyone for more than 50 years. 结构分析：主干：The story is told in the book。先行词story与同位语从句that the old man had a secret之间被谓语is told in the book分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；who had spent his whole life in the village是非限制性定语从句修饰old man；where he was born是定语从句修饰village；that he had kept hidden from everyone for more than 50 years是定语从句修饰secret。 参考译文：书中讲述了这样一个故事：这位老人，一生都在他出生的村庄度过，有一个他对所有人隐瞒了50多年的秘密。 重点词汇：story n. 故事；tell a story 讲故事；spend one whole life 度过一生；village n. 村庄；be born 出生；secret n. 秘密；keep hidden from 对……隐瞒；more than 超过 【94】The question was raised at the meeting whether the new policy that had been introduced by the government last year, which had received mixed reactions from the public, should be continued or modified. 结构分析：主干：The question was raised at the meeting。先行词question与同位语从句whether the new policy should be continued or modified之间被谓语was raised at the meeting分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；that had been introduced by the government last year是定语从句修饰policy；which had received mixed reactions from the public是非限制性定语从句修饰policy。 参考译文：会议上提出了一个问题：政府去年出台的、收到公众褒贬不一反应的新政策应该继续还是修改。 重点词汇：question n. 问题；raise a question 提出问题；at the meeting 在会议上；whether 是否；new policy 新政策；introduce v. 出台；government n. 政府；receive mixed reactions 收到褒贬不一的反应；public n. 公众；continue v. 继续；modify v. 修改 【95】The report was published yesterday that the number of students who choose to study abroad has decreased significantly in recent years, which is mainly because the quality of education at home has improved so much that many parents now prefer to send their children to local universities. 结构分析：主干：The report was published yesterday。先行词report与同位语从句that the number of students has decreased significantly in recent years之间被谓语was published yesterday分隔（分隔式同位语从句）；who choose to study abroad是定语从句修饰students；which is mainly because...是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子，其中because引导表语从句；the quality of education at home has improved so much that many parents now prefer to send their children to local universities是结果状语从句（so...that）。 参考译文：昨天发布的报告称，近年来选择出国留学的学生数量大幅下降，这主要是因为国内的教育质量提高了很多，以至于许多家长现在更愿意把孩子送到当地大学。 重点词汇：report n. 报告；publish v. 发布；the number of ……的数量；study abroad 出国留学；decrease v. 下降；significantly adv. 显著地；in recent years 近年来；mainly adv. 主要地；quality n. 质量；improve v. 提高；so...that... 如此……以至于……；prefer to do 更愿意做；local university 当地大学 十、省略结构类长难句（5例） 省略是指为了避免重复或使句子简洁，省略句子中某些成分的现象。常见的省略结构有：状语从句中的省略（当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词）、不定式的省略（省略不定式符号to后面的动词，只保留to）、并列句中的省略（省略与前面相同的成分）、定语从句中关系代词的省略等。分析省略结构时，要注意补全省略的成分，理解句子的完整意思。 【96】When asked about his secret to success, the old man, who had achieved great success in his career despite having faced many difficulties, said that he owed it all to his wife, who had supported him through thick and thin. 结构分析：主干：the old man said that he owed it all to his wife。When asked about his secret to success是时间状语从句的省略（=When he was asked about his secret to success，省略了主语he和be动词was）；who had achieved great success in his career是非限制性定语从句修饰old man；despite having faced many difficulties是介词短语作让步状语；that he owed it all to his wife是宾语从句；who had supported him through thick and thin是非限制性定语从句修饰wife。 参考译文：当被问及成功的秘诀时，这位老人，尽管面临了许多困难，但在事业上取得了巨大成功，说这一切都归功于他的妻子，她与他同甘共苦。 重点词汇：when asked 当被问及；secret to success 成功的秘诀；achieve great success 取得巨大成功；career n. 事业；despite 尽管；face difficulties 面临困难；owe...to... 把……归功于……；support v. 支持；through thick and thin 同甘共苦 【97】If given another chance, the young man, who had made a serious mistake that had cost him his job and his reputation, would do things differently and make sure that he would never make the same mistake again. 结构分析：主干：the young man would do things differently and make sure that...。If given another chance是条件状语从句的省略（=If he was given another chance，省略了主语he和be动词was）；who had made a serious mistake是非限制性定语从句修饰young man；that had cost him his job and his reputation是定语从句修饰mistake；that he would never make the same mistake again是宾语从句（作make sure的宾语）。 参考译文：如果再给一次机会，这个年轻人，他犯了一个让他失去工作和名誉的严重错误，会以不同的方式做事，并确保再也不犯同样的错误。 重点词汇：if given 如果被给；another chance 再一次机会；make a mistake 犯错误；serious adj. 严重的；cost sb sth 让某人失去某物；reputation n. 名誉；differently adv. 不同地；make sure 确保；the same mistake 同样的错误 【98】While studying abroad, the student, who had always been dependent on his parents, learned to take care of himself and became more independent, which, in his opinion, was the most valuable thing that he had gained from the experience. 结构分析：主干：the student learned to take care of himself and became more independent。While studying abroad是时间状语从句的省略（=While he was studying abroad，省略了主语he和be动词was）；who had always been dependent on his parents是非限制性定语从句修饰student；which was the most valuable thing是非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子；in his opinion是插入语；that he had gained from the experience是定语从句修饰thing。 参考译文：在出国留学期间，这个一直依赖父母的学生学会了照顾自己，变得更加独立，在他看来，这是他从这次经历中获得的最有价值的东西。 重点词汇：while studying 在学习期间；study abroad 出国留学；dependent on 依赖；take care of 照顾；independent adj. 独立的；in his opinion 在他看来；valuable adj. 有价值的；gain v. 获得；experience n. 经历 【99】The teacher told the students that if they had any questions, they should ask him after class rather than interrupt him during the lecture, and that if they needed help with their homework, they could come to his office during office hours. 结构分析：主干：The teacher told the students that...and that...。that if they had any questions, they should ask him after class rather than interrupt him during the lecture是第一个宾语从句；其中if they had any questions是条件状语从句；rather than interrupt him是rather than连接的并列结构（省略了should）；that if they needed help with their homework, they could come to his office during office hours是第二个宾语从句；其中if they needed help with their homework是条件状语从句。 参考译文：老师告诉学生，如果他们有任何问题，应该在课后问他，而不是在讲座期间打断他，如果他们需要作业方面的帮助，可以在办公时间来他的办公室。 重点词汇：tell sb that 告诉某人；if 如果；have questions 有问题；ask sb 问某人；after class 课后；rather than 而不是；interrupt v. 打断；during the lecture 在讲座期间；need help with 需要……方面的帮助；homework n. 作业；come to one office 来某人办公室；office hours 办公时间 【100】Though tired and hungry after a long day of work, the father, who had promised his son that he would take him to the zoo on weekends, kept his promise and took the boy to the zoo, where they had a wonderful time together. 结构分析：主干：the father kept his promise and took the boy to the zoo。Though tired and hungry after a long day of work是让步状语从句的省略（=Though he was tired and hungry after a long day of work，省略了主语he和be动词was）；who had promised his son that he would take him to the zoo on weekends是非限制性定语从句修饰father，其中that引导宾语从句；where they had a wonderful time together是非限制性定语从句修饰zoo。 参考译文：尽管经过一整天的工作后又累又饿，这位父亲，他答应儿子周末带他去动物园，遵守了诺言，带男孩去了动物园，在那里他们一起度过了美好的时光。 重点词汇：though tired and hungry 尽管又累又饿；a long day of work 一整天的工作；promise sb that 答应某人；take sb to the zoo 带某人去动物园；on weekends 在周末；keep one's promise 遵守诺言；have a wonderful time 度过美好时光；together adv. 一起 十一、长难句翻译技巧总结 （一）顺译法 当英语长难句的语序与汉语表达习惯基本一致时，可以按照原文的顺序进行翻译，不需要大幅度调整语序。顺译法是最基本、最常用的翻译方法，适用于大多数结构相对简单的长难句。 例句：The student who had been working hard for years finally achieved his dream of being admitted to the university. 译文：这个多年来一直努力学习的学生终于实现了被那所大学录取的梦想。 （二）逆译法 当英语长难句的语序与汉语表达习惯相反时，需要将原文的语序颠倒过来进行翻译。常见的需要逆译的情况有：英语中定语从句后置，汉语中定语前置；英语中状语从句位置灵活，汉语中状语通常放在句首；英语中先果后因，汉语中先因后果等。 例句：The days are gone when we had to rely on foreign technology. 译文：我们不得不依赖外国技术的日子已经一去不复返了。（将定语从句when...提前翻译） （三）分译法 当英语长难句结构非常复杂，包含多个从句和修饰成分时，可以将其拆分成几个独立的句子进行翻译，使译文更加清晰易懂。分译法适用于包含多个非限制性定语从句、插入语、同位语从句等复杂结构的长难句。 例句：The book, which was written by a famous author who had spent more than ten years collecting materials, is said to be the most comprehensive account of the historical event. 译文：这本书由一位著名作家撰写。他花了十多年时间收集资料。据说这本书是对这一历史事件最全面的记述。 （四）合译法 当英语中两个或多个简单句或从句在意义上联系紧密时，可以将它们合并成一个句子进行翻译，使译文更加紧凑。合译法适用于并列句、主从复合句中从句较短的情况。 例句：He was tired. He was hungry. But he kept working. 译文：他又累又饿，但仍继续工作。 （五）转换法 转换法是指在翻译过程中，根据汉语的表达习惯，对原文的词性、语态、语序等进行适当的转换。常见的转换有：名词转动词、介词转动词、被动语态转主动语态、定语转状语、主语转宾语等。 例句：The importance of education cannot be overemphasized. 译文：我们怎么强调教育的重要性都不过分。（被动转主动，名词importance转宾语） （六）增译法 增译法是指在翻译过程中，根据汉语的表达习惯，适当增加一些原文中没有但意义上隐含的词语，使译文更加完整通顺。常见的增译有：增加动词、增加名词、增加连词、增加代词、增加概括词等。 例句：After the meeting, they went home. 译文：会议结束后，他们回家了。（增加动词"结束"） （七）省译法 省译法是指在翻译过程中，根据汉语的表达习惯，省略一些原文中有但译文中不需要的词语，使译文更加简洁。常见的省译有：省略代词、省略连词、省略介词、省略冠词、省略重复的词语等。 例句：He put on his coat and went out. 译文：他穿上外套出去了。（省略物主代词his） （八）长难句翻译的一般步骤 第一步：通读全句，确定句子的类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）。 第二步：找出句子的主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语），跳过修饰成分。 第三步：分析各个从句和修饰成分的类型和作用。 第四步：理解各个部分的意思，注意关键词和固定搭配。 第五步：按照汉语的表达习惯，选择合适的翻译方法（顺译、逆译、分译、合译等）。 第六步：组织语言，形成通顺的译文，检查是否有遗漏或错误。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $