2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册知识点梳理

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了新人教版九年级上册各单元核心知识点。涵盖词汇（如一词多义、构词法）、短语（如动词短语、固定搭配）及语法应用，从基础词义辨析到综合语境运用，形成由浅入深的学习支架。 知识链路按“词义-搭配-辨析-应用”逻辑展开，每个知识点配例句和分层习题，注重构词规律（如名词后缀-ment、形容词后缀-y）和易混词辨析（如produce/product）。通过语境化练习提升语言能力，对比表格培养思维品质，助力学生构建系统知识网络。

新人教版九年级上册各单元知识点梳理 Unit1 Section A 1.rough rough 作形容词的一词多义： （1）艰难的（2） 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的 （3） 崎岖的 （4）粗略的 Exercises •The car bumped along the rough mountain road. ______________ •The table has a rough surface. ______________ • She had a rough time after losing her job. ______________ • At a rough estimate, the project will take three months to complete. ______________ 2.shortage • There is a shortage of clean water in some areas.一些地区缺乏清洁的水。 • A food shortage during the war forced families to rely on emergency rations. 战争期间的粮食短缺迫使家庭依赖应急配给。 •The boy is short of money to buy books.这个男孩跌钱买书。 Exercises 1.shortage n.意为“______________”，通常作可数名词。 常见搭配：（1）a shortage of..______________ （2）food shortages______________ （3）water shortages______________ 2.形容词形式为short，意为“______________”，be short of意为______________ 。 3.The city is facing a_____________(short) of housing. 4. We are short_____________food and water after the heavy rain flooded our village—we can't go out to buy supplies. 5.杂交水稻极大地助力解决了全球粮食短缺问题。 Hybrid rice greatly helped solve the problem of the_____________ _____________in the world. 3.lack • A lack of sleep can affect your work efficiency.睡眠不足会影响你的工作效率。 • The project lacks sufficient funding to continue.这个项目缺乏足够的资金继续推进。 Exercises 1.lack n. 意为“_____________”，是不可数名词。a lack of..意为_____________。 2.lack还可作动词，意为“_____________”，不用于被动语态。 3.The company had to delay the new product launch due to a _____________of raw materials. 4.我们收到了许多顾客关于缺乏停车设施的投诉。 We received a number of complaints from customers about_____________ _____________ _____________parking facilities. 4 sandy •The path was covered with sandy soil.小路被沙土覆盖。 •Sand is used to make glass. 沙子用于制造玻璃。 •The children played on the sand.孩子们在沙谁上玩耍。 Exercises 1.sandy adj. 意为“_____________”，是由“sand（n.沙子）＋ y（形容词后缀）”构成的。 2.-y是形容词后缀，表示“充满⋯的、具有⋯特征的”，类似构成的词有： cloud → _____________ 多云的sun → ____________晴朗的rock → ____________多岩石的 3.sand 还可意为“_____________”。on the sand 意为_____________。 4.They walk on the_____________(sand) path. 5.Sandstorms often happen, and the moving_____________（沙子）seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. 6.植树有助于固定沙地并保护环境。 Planting trees can help fix_____________ _____________and protect the environment. 5.government •The government has announced a new law.政府已宣布一项新法律。 • Local governments are responsible for public services.地方政府负责公共服务。 •The new government policy aims to reduce pollution.新政府政策旨在减少污染。 Exercises 1.government n. 意为“_____________”。集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 2.由 government 构成的常见短语有： （1）in government _____________（2）local government_____________ （3）government policy_____________ 3.government 是由govern（v. 统治；管理）+-ment（名词后缀）构成的名词。类似的词还有：（1） develop → _____________发展（2） improve→_____________改进 4.他在政府办公室工作，每天处理公众服务咨询。 He works in a_____________ _____________, dealing with public service inquiries every day. 5.政府正在制订新计划以保护古建筑。（翻译句子） —————————————————————————————————————— 6.support •Thanks for your support.感谢你的支持。 • My family and friends gave lots of support to me.我的家人和朋友给了我很多支持。 •The wall supports the roof. 这面墙支撑着屋顶。 • We all support you in taking part in the activity.我们都支持你参加这项活动。 • He works hard to support his family.他努力工作供养家人。 Exercises 1.support n.意为“_____________”，是不可数名词。 2.常用搭配： （1） in support of _____________ （2） give/offer support to sb_____________（3） with one's support_____________ 3.support 还可作动词，意为“_____________”。support sb in （doing） sth _____________ 4.在她的老师的支持下，她取得了成功。 She achieved success with_____________ _____________ _____________。 7.attraction • We visited all the main tourist attractions in Beijing during our trip. 旅行期间，我们参观了北京所有的主要旅游胜地。 • His attraction to traditional music led him to learn the erhu. 他对传统音乐的热爱促使他学习二胡。 • The beautiful scenery attracts thousands of visitors every year. 美丽的风景每年吸引成千上万的游客。 • Gankeng Hakka Town is very attractive to foreign tourists. 甘坑客家小镇对外国游客极具吸引力。 Exercises 1.attraction n. 意力“_____________”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 2.常见搭配： （1） tourist attractions_____________ （2） attraction to sth/sb_____________ 3.attraction 的相关词：（1）attract v._____________（2）attractive adj._____________ 4. The main_____________cities along the Grand Canal (大运河）is their history and culture. A. attraction B. pollution C. invention D. situation 5. 你能告诉我这座城市的一些旅游胜地吗？ Can you tell me some_____________ _____________ in this city? 8.product • This company sells many popular products.这家公司销售许多受欢迎的产品。 • The new product is popular with young people.这款新产品很受年轻人欢迎。 • Success is the product of hard work.成功是努力工作的产物。 Exercises 1.product n. 意为“_____________”，复数形式是_____________ 2.product 的相关短语： （1） the product of.._____________（2） best-selling product_____________ （3） product quality_____________（4） agricultural product_____________ 3.product 的相关词： （1） produce v._____________n._____________（2） producer n._____________ （2） production n._____________ 4.这些文化差异是历史的产物。 These cultural differences are_____________ _____________ _____________。 5.这个小镇以其农产品而闻名。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 辨析 product 可数名词，意为“产品；制品”，指人工制造或加工出来的产品。 produce 不可数名词，意为“产品；（尤指）农产品”指农业或自然产出的产品。 9.greatly • I greatly admire your courage.我非常钦佩你的勇气。 • The two cultures are greatly different in terms of traditions.这两种文化在传统方面有很大差异。 • She is a great scientist.她是一位伟大的科学家。 • His greatness lies in his kindness.他的伟大在于他的善良。 • The team is largely made up of students.团队主要由学生组成。 Exercises 1.greatly adv. 意为“_____________”，常用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，强调程度之深。 2.greatly 的相关词：（1）great adj._____________（2） greatness n._____________ 3.Technology has_____________ (great) improved the performance of modern athletes. 4. My whole ambition is to serve my country and help uphold its_____________(great). 5.锻炼能极大地改善你的健康。 Exercise can_____________ _____________your health. 辨析 greatly 意为“大大地；非常”，强调程度深，多指抽象的情感、影响、变化。 largely 意为“主要地；在很大程度上”，强调范围广、占比高，多指向具体的构成、原因、范围。 10.socialist •The book explains the core values of socialistculture.这本书阐释了社会主义文化的核心价值 • The socialists in this area are actively promoting environmental protection measures. 这个地区的社会主义者正在积极推动环境保护措施。 • Social skills are important to teenagers. 社交技能对青少年很重要。 • Socialism aims to achieve common prosperity. 社会主义旨在实现共同富裕。 Exercises 1.socialist adj. 意为“_____________”，修饰名词，描述“事物与社会主义的关联”，如制度、国家、政策、理念等。 2.常见搭配： （1） socialist country_____________（2） socialist system_____________ （3） socialist construction_____________ 3.socialist 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.socialist 的词形变化：（1）social adj._____________（2） socialism n._____________ 5. His grandfather was a_____________ (social) who fought for workers' rights. 6.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。 China is a_____________ _____________ and a developing country as well. 11.housing •The charity provides housing for the homeless.该慈善机构为无家可归者提供住房。 •The new housing policy aims to stabilize prices.新的住房政策旨在稳定价格。 • The new dormitory building can house over 1000 students. 这座新的宿舍楼可以住1000多名学生。 Exercises 1.housing n. 意为“_____________”。 2.常见搭配： （1）housing problem_____________（2）housing market_____________ 3.housing 是由house（v._____________）＋-ing 构成的，属于“动词+-ing”转化为名词的构词法。house 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.The government is solving the_____________(house) problem. 5.今年住房市场很火爆。 The_____________ _____________very hot this year. 12.track • We followed a narrow track through the forest to the waterfall. 我们沿着一条窄小径穿过森林，前往瀑布。 • Workers have spent three months laying new railway tracks. 工人们花了三个月铺设新铁轨。 • We followed the bear's tracks in the snow. 我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。 • The hunters tracked the deer through the snow. 猎人循着雪地里的痕迹追踪那只鹿。 Exercises 1.track n. 意为“_____________”，是可数名词。railway tracks意为 _____________。 2.track 作名词，还可意为“_____________”，常用复数形式。 3.track 还可作动词，意为“_____________”。 4.我们沿着河边的小径走了一个小时，一路上都在欣赏流水声。 5.We walked_____________ _____________by the river for an hour, enjoying the sound of flowing water all the way. 13.wide •They came to a wide river.他们来到了一条宽阔的河边。 •The river is 10 meters wide.这条河10米宽。 • He has a wide knowledge of ancient history.他对古代史有广博的知识。 •Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。 • Chinese is used more and more widely around the world.中文在世界各地被越来越广泛地使用。 • What's the width of this table?这张桌子的宽度是多少？ • The road widens just up ahead.再往前一点儿道路就变宽了。 Exercises 1.wide adj. 意为“_____________”，反义词为_____________。比较级为_____________，最高级为_____________。 2.表示“物体的长、宽、高、深”时，表达为“基数词+单位词+形容词（long,wide, high, deep）”或“基数词+单位词＋in + 名词（length, width, height, depth）”。 wide 作形容词，还可意为“_____________”，常用于名词前。wide knowledge意为_____________。 3.wide 还可作副词，意为“_____________”。 4.wide的相关词：（1）widely adv._____________（2） width n._____________ （3） widen v._____________ 5. -Have you heard of DeepSeek? -Certainly. Created by a Chinese company, it has gained_____________ popularity all over the world in just one year. A. narrow B. wide C. slow D. heavy 6. My aunt is a _____________(wide) known writer. 7.消息在全镇广泛传播。 The news _____________ _____________ across the town. 8.我们有了宽阔的街道，所以我们现在外出更容易。 We have_____________ _____________,so we can go out more easily now. 辨析 wide 作副词，仅用于修饰“与具体空间、物理状态相关的动作或状态”，如 open wide。 widely 仅用于修饰“与抽象范围、认知、分布相关的动作或状态”，如widely used。 14. bring about •The reform brought about great progress in socialwelfare.这项改革为社会福利带来了巨大进步。 •The heavy rain brought about the flood.暴雨导致了洪水。 • He brought up a good idea at the meeting.他在会议上提出了一个好主意。 Exercises 1.bring about 是及物动词短语，意为“_____________”。后必须接宾语。bring about还可意为“_____________”。 2.bring 构成的动词短语还有：（1）bring up_____________（2）bring in_____________（3） bring back_____________（4）bring together_____________ 3. The new policy is expected to_____________significant changes in the education system. A. bring up B. bring about C. bring out D. bring in 4.互联网给交流带来了巨大的变化。 The Internet has _____________ _____________great changes in communication. 15.be covered with • The ground was covered with snow after the snowstorm. 暴风雪后地面被雪覆盖。 • The mountain is covered with green trees in spring.春天山上长满了绿树。 • The room is filled with the smell of flowers.房间里充满了花香。 Exercises be covered with意为“_____________”，是cover..with..“_____________”的被动结构，其中 cover作动词，意为“_____________”。 类似 “be +动词的过去分词+with +名词/代词”的结构还有： （1） be filled with_____________ （2）be connected with _____________ 3.Mount Tai is usually_____________（覆盖）with snow in winter，which is very beautiful. 4. 地球表面约71% 被水覆盖。 About 71 percent of the earth is_____________ _____________water. Unit1 Section B 1.link • The newly built highway link connects the industrial park to the downtown area. 新建的高速公路连接线将工业园区与市中心区域连接起来。 • There is a strong link between regular exercise and good health. 规律运动和身体健康之间存在密切联系。 • The new bridge links the two small islands in the lake. 这座新桥连接了湖中的两个小岛。 Exercises 1.link n. 意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：（1）a link between A and B_____________（2）break the link_____________ 2.link还可作动词，意为“_____________”。link A to/with B意为_____________ 3.政府计划修建一条连接这个山村和城市的交通线路。 The government plans to_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ that connects the mountain village and the city. 2.capital • As the capital of China, Beijing has a long history and rich culture. 作为中国的首都，北京拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。 • Switzerland is considered as the capital of watches and clocks. 瑞士被认为是钟表之都。 • Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. 成都是四川省的省会。 • In English, we use capitals at the beginning of sentences. 英语中，句子开头要用大写字母。 • The company needs more capital to expand its business. 这家公司需要更多资金来扩大业务。 • Please write your name in capital letters. 请用大写字母写你的名字。 Exercises 1.capital n. 意 “_____________”，此外它还可意为“_____________”, the capital of...意为 “_____________”。 2.capital 的其他词义：（1）n._____________（2）adj._____________ 3.纽约不是美国的首都，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区才是。 New York is not the USA,____________ _____________ _____________but Washington D.C.is. 3. benefit •The new policy will benefit low-income familiesdirectly. 新政策将直接使低收入家庭受益。 • Students can benefit a lot from group discussions in class. 学生能从课堂小组讨论中获益良多。 • Regular exercise has many benefits for both physical and mental health. 规律运动对身心健康有诸多益处。 • The new law was passed for the benefit of small businesses. 新法律的通过是为了小型企业的利益。 Exercises 1.benefit v. 意为“_____________”。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 常见搭配： （1）benefit sb/sth_____________（2）benefit from..._____________ （3）benefit by..._____________ 2.benefit还可作名词，意“_____________”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 常用搭配： （1） be of benefit to.. _____________（2） for the benefit of sb _____________ 4.beneficial adj._____________ 5. Good sleeping habits are_____________(benefit) to our physical and mental health. 6.广泛阅读将对学生们的词汇量和写作能力有益。 Reading widely will_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________students' vocabulary and writing skills. 7.每年有数百万人参观这座名山，给当地人带来了许多好处。 There are millions of people visiting the famous mountain every year,_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________the local people. 4.convenient •This supermarket is very convenient.这家超市很方便。 •It's convenient to take the subway to work.乘地铁上班很方便。 • Mobile payment is convenient for us.对我们来说手机支付是便利的。 • The store is conveniently located near the bus stop.这家商店位置便利，位于公交站附近。 • We value convenience when choosing a restaurant.选餐厅时我们看重便利性。 Exercises 1.convenient adj. 意为“_____________”，不能用人作主语。 2.convenient 的常见用法：（1） It's convenient （for sb） to do sth_____________ （2） sth is convenient for sb_____________ 3.convenient 的相关词形：（1）conveniently adv._____________ （2） convenience n._____________（3） inconvenient adj._____________ 4.My____________neighborhood is very because it's near the shopping center and the bus station. A. smart B. peaceful C. friendly D. convenient 5. For_____________(convenient),we can meet at the train station. 6.手机上的地图小程序会让我们的生活更便捷。 Map apps on mobile phones can__________________________. 7.网上订餐很方便。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 5.business • She has done business with me for 10 years.她和我做生意已有十年了。 • I know he's your friend, but business is business.我知道他是你朋友，但公事公办。 •It's none of your business. 这不关你的事。 •He went to New York on business.他去纽约出差了。 • Let's stop chatting and get down to business.我们别闲聊了，开始干正事吧。 •She runs a small business.她经营一家小企业。 Exercises 1.business 作不可数名词，意为“_____________”。 常用搭配：（1） do business with... _____________（2） out of business_____________ 2. business 的其他词义： （1） “归（某人）管的事；职责”，常见用法： none of your business _____________have no business doing sth_____________ （2） “商务；公事”，常见搭配： on business_____________get down to business_____________ （3）“公司；企业；商业机构”，为可数名词。常见用法： run a big business_____________ the family business_____________ 3. There are many small_____________(business) in the town. 4. She went to Paris_____________ _____________（出差）and bought a gift for me. 5.这家公司因管理不善而停业了。 The company went_____________ ____________ _____________because of poor management. 6.完成作业是你的事。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 6.ease •She passed the exam with ease.她轻松通过了考试。 • The warm room made Mary feel at ease after the long trip. 长途旅行后，温暖的房间让玛丽感到自在舒适。 • He enjoys a life of ease now that he's retired.由于他已经退休了，所以过着安逸的生活。 •The medicine can ease your pain.这药能缓解你的疼痛。 • English is not easy for everyone.英语对每个人来说并不容易。 •He can finish the work easily.他能轻松完成这项工作。 Exercises 1.ease n. 意为“ _____________”。常见搭配： （1） with ease _____________（2） at ease _____________（3） life of ease _____________ 2.ease 还可作动词，意为“ _____________”。常见搭配： （1） ease pain _____________（2） ease stress _____________ 3.ease 的词形变化：（1）easy adj. _____________（2） easily adv. _____________ 4. The little girl felt _____________ ease in her mother's arms. 5.他轻松地完成下比赛。 He finished the race _____________ _____________. 7.manager •His father is a manager of a hotel in our city.他父亲是我们城市里一家宾馆的经理。 • She wants to become a sports shop manager.她想成为一名体育用品店的经理。 • Within two years, he started to manage the store.不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。 • The new management techniques aim to improve efficiency.新的管理技巧旨在提高效率。 • How did you manage to solve the problem?你是怎么设法解决问题的？ Exercises 1.manager n. 意为“_____________”，是可数名词。 2.manager 的词形变换：（1）manage v._____________（2）management n._____________ 3.manage 还可意为“_____________”, manage to do sth意为_____________。 4. I hear that we will meet a new_____________(manage) soon. 5. 在经理的帮助下，他设法推广了这个 APP的使用。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 8.conclusion • After analyzing all the data, the researchers drew a clear conclusion. 分析完所有数据后，研究人员得出了明确的结论。 • Don't jump to conclusions—we need to hear his side of the story first. 别仓促下结论，我们得先听听他的说法。 • In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone for their support and dedication to this project. 最后，我想感谢所有人对这个项目的支持和付出。 • The movie has a surprising conclusion that no one expected.这部电影有一个很意外的结局，没人预料到。 Exercises 1.conclusion n. 意次“_____________”。conclusion 的常见搭配： （1） draw/reach/come to a conclusion _____________（2） jump to conclusions_____________ （3） in conclusion_____________ 2.conclusion 作名词，还可意“_____________” 3.不要急于下结论，尤其是当你第一次见到某人的时候。 ________________________________,especially when you meet someone only for the first time. 9.lead •The teacher leads us to think independently.老师引导我们独立思考。 •She leads the team to victory. 她带领团队走向胜利。 • They lead a busy life in the city.他们在城市里过着忙碌的生活。 • Smoking can lead to health problems.吸烟会导致健康问题。 • She took the lead in cleaning the classroom.她带头打扫教室。 •A good leader should listen to others.好的领导者应倾听他人。 • She plays a leading role in the movie.她在电影中扮演主角。 Exercises 1.lead v. 意为“_____________”，常见用法： （1） lead sb to do sth_____________（2） lead sb to.._____________ （2） lead a/an..life_____________ 2.lead 作动词，还可意为“_____________”。lead to 意为“_____________”，后接名词、代词或动名词。 3.lead 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：（1） take the lead_____________（2） in the lead _____________ 4.lead 的相关词：（1）leader n._____________（2）leading adj._____________ 5. Her advice led me_____________ (change) my plan. 6. We all should know that oversleeping leads to_____________(get) fat. 7.他的经历迫使他选择了这个职业。 His experience_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ this career. 10.junior • She's ajunior student at this university, majoringin English. 她是这所大学的低年级学生，主修英语。 • He was promoted from junior engineer to senior engineer in just two years. 他仅用两年就从初级工程师晋升为高级工程师。 • The event is open to seniors and juniors in high school. 该活动面向高中高年级和低年级学生。 Exercises 1.junior adj. 意为“_____________”，特指中小学或大学中年级较低的，常用于名词前，反义词为_____________。 2.junior 的常用搭配：（1）junior high school_____________（2） junior student_____________ 3.junior 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。senior也可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.去年9月王飞上初中了。 Wang Fei started_____________ _____________ _____________last September. 11.discussion •We had a discussion with them about the differences between Britain and the US. 我们和他们讨论了英美两国的不同之处。 • Let's have a discussion about how to solve the problem.我们讨论一下如何解决这个问题吧。 • She was too shy to join in the discussion.她太害羞了，以至于不敢加入讨论。 • The matter is still under discussion between the two companies. 这件事仍在两家公司之间讨论中。 Exercises 1.discussion n. 意为“_____________”，是由“discuss （v.讨论；商量）+-ion（名词后缀）”构成的。 2.由 discussion 构成的短语有： （1） have a discussion with sb_____________（2） have a discussion about sth _____________（3） have/hold a discussion_____________（4） join in a discussion_____________ （5） under discussion_____________ 3.Group_____________(discuss) are a regular part of our study life. 4.The plan is still under_____________（讨论），so we can't make a decision yet. 5.她积极参与讨论并分享了自己的想法。 She actively____________ _____________ _____________ _____________and shared her ideas. （6） Unit 2 Section A 1.inspiring •Her story of overcoming illness is really inspiring.她战胜疾病的故事非常令人鼓舞。 • The coach gave an inspiring talk before the game, and the team won. 教练赛前做了激励人心的讲话，然后球队赢了。 • We have been inspired by a speech which was given by Mary！ 我们从玛丽的演讲中受到了启发！ • These events provided the inspiration for his first novel. 这些事件为他的第一部小说提供了灵感。 Exercises 1.inspiring adj. 意为“_____________”。常用于描述人、事、言论等带来的积极影响，既可作定语也可作表语。 2.inspiring 的词形变化：（1）_____________ v. 激励；鼓舞（2）_____________adj. 感到鼓舞的（主语通常是人，描述自身产生的感受）（3）_____________ n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 3. The movie about the young inventor was truly_____________ (inspire). 4. Mir Smith 的演讲非常鼓舞人心，人们忍不住为他鼓掌。(so... that) ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.admire • Many students admire Yang Liwei as a hero.许多学生把杨利伟当作英雄来钦佩。 • She admires her math teacher for his patience.她钦佩数学老师的耐心。 • His courage won everyone's admiration.他的勇气赢得了所有人的钦佩。 • She has an admirable ability to solve problems.她有令人钦佩的解决问题的能力。 Exercises 1.admire v. 意为“_____________ ”。同义短语为_____________ 。 常见用法：（1）admire + sb/sth _____________ （2） admire sb for （doing）sth_____________ 2.admire 的词形变化：（1）_____________ n. 钦佩（2）_____________ adj. 令人钦佩的 3. The team made_____________ (admire) efforts to help the community. 4. 从那时起，人们就开始了赏月和与家人分享月饼来庆祝中秋节的传统。 Since then, people have started the tradition of_____________ _____________ _____________ and sharing mooncakes with their family to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. 3.chemist • The chemist is researching new medicines.这位化学家在研究新药。 • I need to go to the chemist's for some medicine.我得去药店买些药。 • Our chemistry teacher often shows us interesting reactions in class. 我们的化学老师经常在课堂上给我们展示有趣的反应。 • Chemical reactions can produce heat.化学反应会产生热量。 Exercises 1.chemist n. 意为“_____________”，可数名词，复数形式_____________。 2.chemist 作名词，还可意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：at the chemist’s_____________；chemist’s shop_____________。 3.chemist 的词形变化： （1）chemistry n._____________ chemistry experiment_____________ （2）chemical adj.____________chemical reaction____________chemical plant____________ 4. This young____________（化学家） has made an important discovery about environmental pollution. 5. The____________(chemistry) plant produces plastics and dyes（染料）. 6.为了学习化学，他把钱存起来买书。 In order to ____________ ____________，he saved money to buy books. 7.那位化学家正在实验室里做一项重要的实验。（翻译句子） ________________________________________________________________________ 4.physicist • Einstein was a famous physicist who developed the theory of relativity. 爱因斯坦是著名的物理学家，提出了相对论。 • Tom has learnt about gravity and energy in physics class. 汤姆已经在物理课上学习了重力和能量。 • We did a fun physics experiment to see how light bends through a glass of water. 我们做了一个有趣的物理实验，观察光如何透过一杯水发生折射。 • We have physical education class three times a week.我们每周上三次体育课。 • Regular exercise helps keep you physically fit.规律运动有助于保持身体健康。 Exercises 1.physicist n. 意为“____________”。 2.physicist 的词形变化： （1）___________ n. 物理；物理学have physics ___________physics experiment____________ （2）__________adj. 物理的；体能的physical education__________physical change__________ （3）___________adv. 身体上 3. Blowing up a balloon causes a___________(physics) change. 4. 下周二的物理课，我们会学习有关能量的知识。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5.hunger •In the old days, some people died of hunger inwinter. 在过去，有些人在冬天死于饥饿。 • Many children suffer from hunger during the war.战争期间许多孩子遭受饥饿。 • His hunger for knowledge made him read every book in the library. 他对知识的渴望让他读遍了图书馆的书。 • Young athletes often hunger for victory on the nationalstage. 年轻运动员常常渴望在全国赛场上取得胜利。 • I always feel hungry an hour before dinner.我总是在晚饭前一小时感到饥饿。 •The dog stared hungrily at the bone.狗饥饿地盯着骨头。 Exercises 1.hunger n. 意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 常见搭配：（1）die of hunge___________（2） suffer from hunger___________ 2.hunger 作名词，还可意为“___________”，a hunger for sth ___________。 3.hunger 还可作动词，意为“___________”, hunger for/after sth___________。 4.hunger 的词形变化：（1）___________ adj.饥饿的；渴望的___________感到饥饿 ___________渴望（2）___________adv. 饥饿地；渴望地 5. The old man suffered from___________（饥饿）after losing his job. 6. The students are___________ (hunger) for knowledge, always asking questions in class. 7. She read the letter ___________(hungry), hoping for good news from her family. 8.年轻人应渴望新的经历。 Young people should___________ ___________ ___________new experiences. 9.那个小男孩哭了，因为他的饥饿让他虚弱得站不起来。（hunger） _____________________________________________________________________________ 6.discovery • The discovery of fire changed human history.火的发现改变了人类历史。 • The team made a new discovery about ancient animals.这个团队在古生物方面有了新发现。 • Scientific discoveries help us understand the world better.科学发现帮助我们更好地理解世界。 • X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. X 射线是由德国科学家威廉•康拉德 •伦琴首次发现的。 • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.贝尔发明了电话。 Exercises 1.discovery n. 意为“___________”，既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。意为“___________”时，是不可数名词，意为“___________”时，是可数名词。 2.discovery 的常见搭配： （1） the discovery of...___________（2） make a discovery ___________ （3） scientific discovery ___________ 3. discovery 的词形变化：（1）___________v. 发现（2）___________ n. 发现者 4.The___________(discover) of electricity changed how people live. 5. 20世纪抗生素的发现对我们产生了巨大的影响。 ___________ ___________ ___________antibiotics in the 20th century has made a great difference to us. 辨析 discover “发现”，指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西。 invent “发明，创造”，指创造发明出新的，原来并不存在的东西。 1.发现；发现的行为；被发现的事物 2.（1）……的发现（2） 有发现（3）科学发现 3.（1） discover （2） discoverer 4. discovery 5. The discovery of 7.century •The 19th century saw great changes in industry，like the invention of the steam engine. 19世纪见证了工业领域的巨大变革，比如蒸汽机的发明。 • It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century. 自二十世纪初以来，它就以它的剧院而闻名。 •He was born in the 1990s.他出生在二十世纪九十年代。 Exercises 1.century 为可数名词，意为“___________”，复数形式为___________。 2.常见用法： （1） the + 序数词 + century ……世纪 如：19世纪___________ （2） in the early/middle/late + 序数词+ century 在⋯世纪初期/ 中期/ 晚期 如：19世纪中期___________ （3） the +年份+-s⋯⋯世纪⋯⋯年代 如：19世纪80年代___________ 3.Broadway has been famous for its theatres for more than___________(a period of 100 ayears). 4.21世纪充满了机遇。（full of） ______________________________________________________________________ 8.wounded •The wounded bird couldn't fly.受伤的鸟无法飞行。 •The hospital treated the wounded after the accident.事故后医院救治了伤员。 • He was badly wounded in the leg.他的腿伤得很重。 •The arrow wounded his chest. 箭伤了他的胸部。 Exercises 1.wounded adj. 意为“___________”，既可作定语也可作表语。 常见搭配：（1）the wounded ___________ （2） be/get seriously/badly/slightly wounded ___________ wounded 还是动词wound 的过去式和过去分词，意为“___________”。 2.He got___________(wound) in the accident yesterday. 3.医生和护士们正在尽全力救治医院里受伤的士兵。 The doctors and nurses are trying their best to save the___________ ___________in the hospital. 9.spread • The spread of online learning has changed education.在线学习的普及已经改变了教育。 •The virus spreads easily among children.这种病毒在儿童中容易传播。 •Don't spread false news online. 不要在网上传播虚假消息。 • The city spreads across two sides of the river.这座城市横跨河的两岸。 Exercises 1.spread n. 意为“___________”，the spread of___________。 2.spread 还可作动词，意为“___________”。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。过去式、过去分词均为___________。 3.spread 作动词的常见搭配： （1） spread sth___________（2） spread over/across ___________（3） spread out___________ 4.消息的迅速传播让镇上的每个人在一小时内就知道了这件事。 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the news made everyone in the town know about the event within an hour. 5.火势蔓延到了森林。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 10.disease • Heart disease is more common in the elderly.心脏病在老年人中更常见。 • He caught a rare disease when travelling.他旅行时感染了一种罕见疾病。 • Washing hands can help prevent diseases.洗手有助于预防疾病。 • He took care of his diseased mother at home.他在家照顾患病的母亲。 • She missed school because of illness.她因为生病没去上学。 Exercises 1.disease n. 意为“___________”。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，复数形式为__________。 2.disease 的常见搭配： （1） catch/have a disease___________（2） prevent a disease___________（3） spread a disease ___________（4） a deadly/serious disease ___________ 3. diseas的词形变化：___________ adj. 患病的；有害的 4.吃健康的食物有助于预防疾病。 Eating healthy food helps___________ ___________ . 辨析 disease 强调“生理/病理异常”，即医学上可诊断的 “客观疾病状态”（有明确病理基础）。 illness 强调“个人主观感受”，即疾病引发的“不适、痛苦或功能受限”，更侧重“生病的感受”或过程（主观体验）。 11.balance • Physical balance is key for athletes.身体平衡对运动员很关键。 • The plan aims to keep a balance between cost and quality. 该计划旨在在成本与质量之间保持平衡。 • We need to balance the advantages and disadvantages.我们需要权衡利弊。 • A balanced diet includes fruit, vegetables and grains.均衡饮食包括水果、蔬菜和谷物。 Exercises 1.balance n. 意为“___________”，常见搭配： (1) keep a balance between... and...___________(2) a balance of...___________ (3)lose one’s balance___________ 2.balance 还可作动词，意为“___________”。balance ……with/and___________ 3.balanced 是形容词，意为“___________”，a balanced diet ___________。 4.多吃蔬菜、少吃肉有助于保持饮食与健康之间的良好平衡。 Eating more vegetables and less meat helps_________________________________. 5.均衡饮食提供所有必需的营养。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 12.courage • No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。［谚语］ • Failure is the mother of success. Take your courage.失败是成功之母，鼓起你的勇气来。 • Tom finally had the courage to apologize for his mistake.汤姆终于有勇气为他的错误道歉了。 • She never lost courage even when she faced repeated failures. 即便遭遇多次失败，她也从未失去勇气。 Exercises 1.courage n. 意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 courage 的常见短语：（1）take courage___________（2） have the courage to do sth___________（3）lose courage___________（4）lack courage___________ 2. —What can you learn from Journey to the West? —I learn that we should have enough___________ to overcome the difficulties in our life. A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement 3.当我们失败时，我们不应该失去勇气和信心。 When we fail, we shouldn't___________ ___________and confidence. 13.brave • It's brave of you to help the old man.你帮助老人很勇敢。 • Are you brave enough to climb the mountain? 你足够勇敢去爬山吗？ • The firemen braved the flames to rescue the family.消防员们冒着火焰营救那家人。 • He fought bravely in the battle. 他在战斗中勇敢作战。 • His actions showed great bravery.他的行为展现了极大的勇敢。 Exercises 1.brave adj. 意为“___________”，既可作定语也可作表语，常用来修饰人。 be brave to do sth ___________ 2.brave 可作名词，the brave，意“___________”。 3.brave 还可作动词，意为“___________”。 4.brave的词性变化：(1)___________ adv. 勇敢地 (2) ___________ n.勇敢 5.His___________(brave) in the earthquake moved everyone around. 6.Zhang Hua saved a boy out of a fire yesterday. What a___________ young man! A. shy B. brave C. funny D. modest 7.你为被欺负的孩子挺身而出，真勇敢。 It's___________ ___________ ___________to stand up for the bullied kid. 14. necessary • I find it necessary to take notes in class.我发现在课堂上记笔记是有必要的。 • Her illness made it necessary for her to stay at home.她的病使她有必要待在家里。 •Call me if necessary. 如果有必要，给我打电话。 • It's necessary for students to follow school rules.对学生来说，遵守校规是必要的。 • It's necessary that he (should) learn to manage time.他有必要学会管理时间。 Exercises 1.necessary adj. 意为“___________”，只能用来修饰物，不能修饰人。 2.necessary 的常见用法：(1) be necessary for.. ___________(2) make it necessary (for sb) to do sth___________(3) if necessary = if it is necessary ___________(4) It is necessary (for sb) to do sth___________（5） It is necessary + that 从句（that 从句中常用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，表虚拟语气） 3. 我们有必要每天练习说英语。 It's necessary that___________ ___________ speaking English every day. 4.向父母倾诉我们的烦恼是非常必要的。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 15.western •Many people like travelling to western China.很多人喜欢去中国西部旅行。 • There are many differences between Eastern and Western cultures. 东西方文化之间存在许多差异。 Exercises 1.western adj. 意为“___________”，通常作定语。 2.western 作形容词，还可意为“西方国家的”。常写作 western。 表示方位的名词加后缀-ern，可构成相应的形容词： west（西方）→ western（西方的） east（东方）→ ___________（东方的） south（南方）→___________（南方的）north（北方）→ ___________（北方的） 3.The Chinese calendar is different from the one in___________(west) countries, 4.如果你想欣赏西方艺术，不要错过当地剧院。 If you want to___________ ___________ ___________,don't miss the local theatre. 16.drop out（of sth） • The documentary tells the story of teens who dropped out of school and made their efforts to rebuild their lives.这部纪录片讲述了辍学青少年努力重建生活的故事。 • She dropped out of the competition due to her illness.她因生病退出了比赛。 • He dropped his friend off at the library.他顺路把朋友送到了图书馆。 • If you're in the neighborhood, feel free to drop by.要是你在附近，随时可以顺路过来坐坐。 Exercises 1.drop out （of sth） 意为“___________”。宾语多为“学校、课程、比赛、组织”等，drop out of school___________。其中 drop 作动词，意为“___________”。 2.含 drop 的其他常见短语：（1） drop off ___________（2） drop by___________ （3）drop in on sb___________（4）drop in at sp___________ 3. Tom___________of college because he wanted to start his own business. A. dropped out B. dropped off C. dropped by D. dropped in 4.那个男孩因内生病不得不辍学。 The boy had to___________ ___________ ___________school because of his illness. 17.look up to sb • She looks up to her elder sister as a role model.她把姐姐当作榜样来敬仰。 • She looked up to the sky and noticed a flock of birds flying south. 她拾头看向天空，发现一群鸟儿正往南飞。 •Look out for the sharp corner！小心那个尖角！ •Never look down on others.永远不要轻视他人。 Exercises 1.look up to 意为“__________”，相当于_________。to 是介词，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 look up to 还可意为“___________”。 2.look 的其他常用短语：look back at__________look for___________look out for___________ look after___________look up___________look forward to___________ look down on/upon___________ 3. Wang Yaping is a great woman who can stick to her dreams. I really look___________to her. 4. 我钦佩那个人，因为他有极大的勇气。 I___________ ___________ ___________the man because of his great courage. 18.come true •His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.他当医生的梦想最终实现了。 • She achieved her dream of opening a small bookstore.她实现了她开一家小书店的梦想。 不能说 come true one's dream， 而是要表达为 one's dream will come true。 辨析 come true 不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，其主语一般是表示希望、愿望、梦想等的词。 make one's dream come true = achieve one's dream = realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 achieve 及物动词，其主语通常是人，宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的等，也可以是“达到”的胜利、成功、地位等。 Exercises 1.Sally 去北京的愿望去年夏天实现了。 Sally's wish to go to Beijing___________ ___________ ___________last summer. Unit2 Section B 1.scientific • It's scientific for him to test the idea.他验证这个想法的做法是科学的。 • Science is my favorite subject.科学是我最喜欢的学科。 • Many scientists study climate change.许多科学家研究气候变化。 Exercises 1.scientifc adj.意为“___________”。a scientific experiment___________。 2.scientific 的词形变化：（1）___________ n. 科学（2）___________ n.科学家 3.We were all filled with admiration for his greatest__________ (science)achievement of the decade. 4. With hard work, you can realize your dream of becoming a___________（科学家）. 5.大明喜欢化学。他觉得做科学实验很有趣。 Daming likes chemistry. He feels it interesting to do___________ ___________. 2.collection • A collection of old coins was donated to the museum. 一批古硬币被捐赠给了博物馆。 • The collection of data took three months.数据收集花了三个月。 • Clouds are collecting. It may rain.云在聚集，可能要下雨。 • She collects dolls as a hobby.她以收集玩偶为爱好。 • Antique collectors often visit this shop.古董收藏者常来这家店。 Exercises 1.collection n. 意为“___________”，是可数名词。还可意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 2.collection的常见搭配：（1） a collection of + 名词___________ （2） art collection___________（3） stamp collection___________ 3.collection 的相关词：（1）___________v. 收集（2）___________ n. 收藏家；收集者 4. The painting comes from his private___________(collect). 5. She___________（收集）many beautiful postcards from different countries so far. 6. Every weekend, my little cousin enjoys___________(collect) smooth pebbles by the river to decorate her desk. 7.我爷爷的一套老邮票整齐地放在木盒里，每一张都承载着他年轻时的一段小故事。 ___________ ___________ ___________my grandpa's old stamps sits neatly in a wooden box, each telling a small story from his youth. 3.exploration • China has made great progress in space exploration in recent years. 中国近年来在太空探索领域取得了巨大进展。 • This research project focuses on the exploration of renewable energy resources. 这个研究项目聚焦于可再生能源的探索。 • They plan to explore the deep forest in South America next year. 他们计划明年去南美洲的茂密森林探索。 • The famous explorer Marco Polo traveled to China in the 13th century. 著名探险家马可•波罗在13世纪前往中国旅行。 Exercises 1.exploration n.意为“___________”，是由explore (v.探索）去e+ -ation（名词后缀）构成的。 2.exploration 的常见搭配： （1） space exploration ___________（2） scientific exploration ___________ 3.exploration的词形变化：___________n. 探险者 4.He is a great___________(explore) who has discovered many unknown lands. 5.火星的探索比月球的探索更具有挑战性，因为火星远得多。 ___________ ___________ ___________Mars is more challenging than that of the Moon because it's much farther away. 4.kindness • Her kindness made everyone feel warm.她的善良让每个人都感到温暖。 • He has done many kindnesses for others.他为别人做了许多善事。 • Let's show kindness to everyone we meet today.让我们对今天遇到的每一个人都表现出善意。 She always tries to return kindness to those who helped her. 她总是努力把善意回馈给那些帮助过她的人。 Exercises 1.kindness n. 意为“___________”，是由“kind （adj. 善良的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成的。一般用作不可数名词。其反义词为 ___________。表示多个善举时，可写作___________. 2.由kindness 构成的短语有：show kindness___________return kindness___________with kindness___________out of kindness___________ 3.-ness 为名词后缀，表示“…的性质（或状态、特点）”，一些形容词加后缀-ness 可构成名词。 ill→ ___________疾病 shy→ ___________羞怯 sad→ ___________悲痛happy→___________幸福；快乐 4.Her___________(kind) made the lonely old man smile. 5.善良无需花费，却意义非凡。 ___________ ___________ ___________，but means everything. 5.leave behind • I left my keys behind at home.我把钥匙忘在家里了。 • The team left their opponents far behind.这支队伍把对手远远甩在后面。 • Don't leave out any important details.不要遗漏任何重要细节。 • They will leave for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天将动身去北京。 • Leave her alone—she needs some space.别打扰她，她需要一些空间。 Exercises 1.leave behind 意为“___________”，后可接宾语。 2.由leave 构成的其他短语：（1）leave out___________（2） leave for___________ （3）leave..alone ___________ 6.live on • The hero's story has lived on for hundreds of years.这位英雄的故事已经流传了数百年。 • Pandas live mainly on bamboo.熊猫主要以竹子为食。 • Her grandparents live on a small pension after retiring.她的祖父母退休后靠微薄的退休金生活。 •They live in a small town.他们住在一个小镇。 live on 的一词多义：（1）继续存在；继续活着（2）以⋯食（3）靠……生活 Exercises 1.含live 的其他常见词组：（1）live a..life___________（2）live by...___________ （3）live in___________ 2. These old stories___________ ___________（继续存在）in the village because the elders often tell them to children. 3. 这个传统在我们家已经流传了好几代人。 This tradition has___________ ___________for generations in our family. 7.above all • Be kind, work hard, and above all, stay honest.要善良，努力工作，最重要的是保持诚实。 • Don't be too hard on him-he's a child after all.别对他太苛刻，他毕竟是个孩子。 • The trip cost $200 in all.这次旅行总共花费了200美元。 • He doesn't like playing sports at all.他根本不喜欢做运动。 • First of all, let's review the new words.首先，让我们复习一下新单词。 • All in all, we should balance study and rest.总而言之，我们应该平衡学习和休息。 Exercises 1.above all副词短语，意为“___________ ”，可位于句首，句中。 2.由 all 构成的其他短语： （1） after all___________ （2） in all ___________ （3） not at all ___________ （4）first of all ___________ （5） all in all___________ 3.—We should give the elderly there as much help as we can. —l agree.___________,we hould keep in touch with them as often as we can. A. Above all B. In all C. After all D. At all 4.最重要的是，我们应当让孩子们远离危险。 ___________ ___________ ,we should keep the children away from danger. Unit 3 Section A 1.suit •The dress suits her well.这条裙子很适合她。 • Reading texts in the morning suits our daily learning needs very well. 早上读课文非常契合我们日常的学习需求。 • This plan suits our needs perfectly.这个计划完全满足我们的需求。 •He wears a black suit to work. 他穿黑色西装去上班。 • This book is suitable for children.这本书适合儿童。 •The place is suitable to relax.这个地方适合放松。 •The shirt fits him. 衬衫他穿着合身。 Exercises 1.suit（v. 适合）→ ___________ （adj. 合适的） 2.由 suit 构成的短语有：（1）suit sb 适合某人（2） suit one's needs 满足某人的需求 suit n. ___________ 3.suitable 的常用短语：be suitable for___________。 suit的近义词为___________，但suit 侧重“风格、颜色等匹配”；fit侧重“尺寸、大小合身”。 4. Studying with short breaks is often___________(suit) for keeping a clear mind. 5.但是记住要选择最适合你的方法。 But remember to choose the ones that___________ ___________ ___________. 2.speed • The car is moving at high speed.汽车在高速前行。 • The plane flies at a speed of 800 km/h.飞机以每小时800公里的速度飞行。 • He sped along the road to catch the bus.他沿着马路快速前行去赶公交车。 • The car speeded up when the traffic light turned green.交通信号灯变绿时，汽车加速了。 Exercises 1.speed 有名词和动词两种词性。 speed 作名词时，常用短语有： （1） at high/low/full speed ___________（2） at a speed of + 数值 ___________ speed 作动词时，常用短语有： （1） speed along.. ___________（2） speed up ___________（反义短语为___________减速） 2.The boat___________(speed) along the river under the bright sun. 3.火车以每小时350公里的速度行驶。 The train travels at___________ ___________ ___________350 kilometers per hour. 3.zero • The temperature dropped to zero last night.昨晚气温降到了零度。 • He got zero in the math test because he didn't answer any questions. 他数学考了零分，因为任何题都没答。 • There's zero chance of rain today—look at the blue sky！今天下雨的可能性为零——看蓝天！ • He learned English from zero and now can speak it fluently. 他从零开始学英语，现在能流利地说了。 • Our school has zero tolerance for bullying.我们学校对欺凌行为采取零容忍态度。 Exercises 1.zero 指数字符号“0”，或人/ 物的数量、温度、分数等为“零”的状态，是基础数字概念。 zero 还指某事物的程度达到“最低极限”。 相关短语：drop to zero___________zero chance___________from zero___________ below zero___________zero tolerance___________zero hour___________ 2.判断下列句子中 zero 的含义，将序号填在括号内（①数字“零”；②最低程度/毫无） (1) The little boy can count from zero to ten now. ___________ (2) There's zero chance that we can finish the work today. ___________ (3) The thermometer showed zero degrees Celsius this morning.___________ 3.以前我的英语很差，但我从零开始学习，最终取得了很大进步。 My English was poor before, but I studied___________ ___________ and finally made great progress. 4.actively • She actively takes part in class discussions.她积极参与课堂讨论。 • He is active in sports.他在体育活动中很活跃。 • We have many after-school activities.我们有很多课后活动。 • The team worked actively to finish the project.团队积极工作以完成项目。 • He is actively preparing for the exam.他正在积极准备考试。 • He always thinks positively even when he is facing difficulties. 即使面对困难，他也总是乐观地思考。 Exercises 1.active（adj.积极的；主动的）→___________（adv.积极地）→___________（n. 活动） 2.相关短语：（1）work actively___________(2) actively participate in / join in / take part in...___________（3） actively study___________（4）actively cooperate___________ 3.They work___________（积极地）to finish the project before the deadline. 4. My brother is an___________（活跃的）member of the basketball team. 5. We have many outdoor___________(active) every weekend. 6. 我们在小组学习中应该积极参与讨论，这样能学到更多。 We should________________participate in discussions during group study, so we can learn more. 辨析 actively 侧重“行动上的积极主动”。 positively 侧重“态度上的肯定或乐 5.correct •Your opinion is correct.你的观点是正确的。 • You are correct in choosing this book.你选这本书是对的。 • What's the correct way to solve this problem?解决这个问题的正确方法是什么？ • Can you use the tool correctly?你能正确使用这个工具吗？ • The teacher helps us correct spelling mistakes.老师帮助我们纠正拼写错误。 Exercises 1.cotrrect（adj.正确的）→___________（adv.正确地）→___________（n. 正确性） 2.相关短语：（1）be correct in doing sth___________ （2） the correct answer/way/method ___________ 3.correct还可以作动词，意为“___________”。 4.She answered all the questions___________ (correct). 5.老师检查了数学答案的正确性。 The teacher checked the the___________ ___________the math answer. 辨析 correct （adj.正确的v.纠正）强调“符合标准、规则或事实”，更正式。 right （adj. 对的n. 权利）侧重“道德、伦理或主观判断的正确性”，更口语化。 6.method • Scientists use the scientific method to test hypotheses.科学家用科学方法验证假设。 • This software provides a new method of data analysis.这款软件提供了一种新的数据分析方法。 • There are many ways to solve this problem.解决这个问题有很多方法。 • She has her own way of doing things.她有自己做事的方式。 • Email is an important means of communication.电邮是一种重要的交流方式。 Exercises 由method 构成的短语有： （1）a scientific method___________（2）a method of doing sth___________ 2. You can use different___________ (method) to help you remember information. 3. Mike has his method ___________(do) this experiment while l have mine. 4.她借助一条小船过了河。She crossed the river by___________ ___________ a small boat. 辨析 method 强调系统性、步骤化、条理性的方法，与withmethod搭配。使用场合大多为科学、学术等。如：with this method 用这种方法。 way 强调通用、灵活的方式，与in搭配。使用场合较日常、口语化。如：in this way 用这种方法。 means 强调具体的手段或工具，常与by 搭配，且单复数同形。常用于交通、通讯等。如：by means of借助⋯手段。 7.build up • Little by little, he built up his vocabulary.他逐渐积累了词汇量。 • Swimming helps build up your strength.游泳有助于增强你的体质。 • We need to build up a strong team to finish this school project. 我们需要创建一个强大的团队来完成这个学校项目。 Exercises 1.build up 是“动词+副词”结构，其宾语若为人称代词，则要置于 build 与 up 之间。后接抽象名词（如 confidence、relationship） 或具体事物（如business、army），表示“通过持续努力逐渐增强或建立”。 类似结构的短语还有： （1） set up___________（2） put up___________（3） take up ___________ 2.-To tell you the truth, I don't want to join in the singing competition. -Come on. You just need more practice to___________ your confidence. A. look up B. build up C. put up D. take up 3.我们应该参加体育锻炼，增强体质。 We should take part in physical exercises and our___________ ___________strength. Unit 3 Section B 1.guidance •Under the guidance of the coach, the players improved their skills. 在教练的指导下，球员们提高了他们的球技。 • The career center provides guidance for students about job-hunting. 职业中心为学生提供求职方面的指导。 • When facing difficulties, he always seeks guidance from his teacher. 面对困难时，他总是向老师寻求指导。 • The local hunter guided us through the forest.当地猎人带领我们穿过森林。 Exercises 1.guidance 常用短语： （1） under the guidance of ___________（2） provide guidance___________ （3） seek/look for guidance from..___________ 2.相关词：___________v.引导；指导；向导 guide sb （to/through/around sth） ___________ 3. We should be thankful to our teachers for their___________ (guide) and knowledge. 4. The master guided them in writing this classic novel.（改为同义句） They wrote this classic novel___________ ___________ ___________of the master. 5. 孩子们需要寻求家长的指导来使用刀具。 Children need to___________ ___________ ___________ their parents to use the knife. 2.advantage • We should take advantage of every chance to practice English. 我们应该利用每一个机会来练习英语。 • Is there any advantage in getting there early? 早到那里是否有利？ • Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantage.这些系统各有其优缺点。 • Computers have an advantage over humans in fast calculations. 计算机在快速计算方面比人类有优势。 • Studying abroad might not work to her advantage in her career. 出国留学未必对她的职业发展有利。 • Playing sports helps gain the advantage of better health. 运动有助于获得更好的健康。 Exercises 1.advantage n. 优势→___________n. 劣势 相关短语：（1） take advantage of ___________（2） have an advantage over sb/sth___________（3） be/work to one's advantage___________（4） gain/have the advantage of___________ 2.请你看到自己的优势并对每件事情充满自信。 Please see___________ ___________and be full of confidence for everything. 3.我们应该利用这晴朗的天气去野餐。 We should___________ ___________ ___________the sunny weather to go for a picnic. Unit 4 Section A 1.sadness •Her eyes were full of sadness.她的眼里充满了悲伤。 • Time can help us overcome sadness little by little.时间能帮我们逐渐克服悲伤。 • There was a sense of sadness in her voice.她的声音里带着一种悲伤的感觉。 • She felt sad after hearing the news.听到消息后，她感到伤心。 •He shook his head sadly.他悲伤地摇了摇头。 • He felt great sorrow at the loss of his friend.失去朋友让他悲痛万分。 Exercises 1.sadness n.悲伤，由“sad （adj.悲伤的：伤心的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成。 相关短语：（1）overcome sadness___________（2） a sense of sadness___________ （3） express sadness___________（4） be filled with sadness/be full of sadness ___________ 2.相关词：___________adv. 悲伤地；伤心地 3.While the film The Kid（1921）has many funny moments, it also has times of great___________ (sad). 4.___________(sorry) filled her heart when she heard the news of the poor dog's death. 5.得知大熊猫丫丫的困境后，我的内心充满了悲伤。(sadness) My heart was___________ ___________ ___________after hearing about the difficult situation of the giant panda,Ya Ya. 辨析 sadness 指一般的“悲伤、难过”，情感强度较轻，多因日常小事（如失望、离别）引发。 sorrow 指“深沉的悲伤、悲痛”，情感强度中等，常因较重大的损失（如失去亲人、理想破灭）引发。 2.memorize • Before the English exam, I need to memorize 50 new words. 英语考试前，我需要记住50个新单词。 • I don't remember my first day at school.我已经忘了第一天上学的情景。 • Playing puzzle games is a good way to improve your memory. 玩益智游戏是提升你记忆力的一个好方法。 • The old photo brought back a sweet memory of my childhood. 这张旧照片唤起了我童年一段甜蜜的回忆。 • A special concert will be held next week in memory of the famous musician. 下周将举办一场特别的音乐会，以纪念这位著名的音乐家。 Exercises 1.memorize 作及物动词，意为“记住；记忆”。强调主动、有意识地去记忆的动作。 近义词：___________ v.记得；记住。侧重“自然记得”。 相关词形：___________n.记性；记忆力；回忆；记忆。in memory of sb___________ 2. Changchun Air Show brought back a fascinating___________ to all visitors, especially teenagers. A. memory B. memories C. memorize D. memorized 3.不理解意思是很难记住新单词的。 It's hard to___________ ___________ ___________ without understanding the meanings. 3.case • In my mom's case, she walks to work instead of driving. 就我妈妈的情况而言，她步行上班而不是开车。 • It's raining heavily. In this case, we can't go to the park. 雨下得很大，在这种情况下，我们不能去公园了。 • You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.你最好带把伞，以防下雨。 • I put my books in a paper case to take to school.我把书放进纸箱带去学校。 • There are many cases of students winning the competition. 有很多学生赢得比赛的事例。 • The doctor discussed my case with other experts.医生和其他专家讨论了我的病例。 Exercises 1.case 的一词多义：（1）情况；事实（2）箱子；盒子（3） 事例；实例（4） 病案；病例 常见搭配：（1）in sb's case___________（2）in this case___________（3）in that case___________（4）in case___________(5) in the case of it___________（6）that's not the case ___________ 2.—This article says a person who loves red is confident and willing to challenge new things. —___________.My cousin likes red best, but he is shy and sometimes a little lazy. A. I can't agree more B. Don't mention it C. That's all right D. That's not the case 3.就你的情况而言，你喜欢你的学校生活吗？ ___________ ___________ ___________,do you like your school life? 4.run out（of sth） •They were just about to solve the puzzle when time ran out. 他们眼看就要解开迷题，时间却耗尽了。 • We ran out of patience after waiting for hours.我们等了几个小时后，耗尽了耐心。 •The wild fire went out. 野火熄灭了。 • Firefighters quickly put out the fire before it spread.在火势蔓延前，消防员迅速扑灭了火。 • The machine is worn out after years of use.这台机器用了多年，已经破旧不堪。 Exercises 1.run out of 意为“用完某物”，主语为“人”；run out 意次“用完；耗尽”，主语为“物”。 由“动词 +out” 构成的短语还有：（1）go out___________ （2）put out___________ （3）wear out___________ 2.—Mr.Brown, I've___________ideas. I can't go on with my writing. —Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later. A. looked back at B. run out of C. taken pride in D. come up with 3.我们不知道什么时候油就会耗尽。 We don't know when the oil will___________ ___________. 5.mix up • Don't mix them up! The red pen is for marking, and the blue one is for writing. 别把它们弄混了！红笔是用来批改的，蓝笔是用来写字的。 • Don't mix up the papers on my desk; I need them in order. 别弄乱我桌上的文件，我需要它们保持有序。 • She mixed up milk and coffee, and it tasted really good. 她把牛奶和咖啡搅和在一起，味道特别好。 • They put up a notice about the school trip. 他们张贴了一张关于学校旅行的通知。 • The kids cleaned up their room before their parents came back. 父母回来前，孩子们把房间打扫干净了。 • She cut up the vegetables for the soup.她把蔬菜切碎做汤。 • The train sped up after it left the station.火车离开车站后加速了。 Exercises 1.mix up 的多种含义：（1）弄乱；混淆（2）搅和 mix up 为“动副”结构的短语，若宾语为代词，需置于 mix和up 之间；宾语是名词时，放在up 前后均可。类似结构还有：put up ___________；clean up___________； cut up___________；speed up___________。 2.她拼写这些英语单词时，有时会把它们弄混。 She sometimes ___________ ___________ ___________when she spells these English words. 6.go through • She went through a lot when her parents divorced.父母离婚时，她经历了很多。 • The teacher went through our papers before handing them back. 老师在把我们的试卷还给我们之前仔细检查了一遍。 • We went through all the water during the hike.徒步时我们把水都喝完了。 • He looked through the newspaper while waiting for the bus. 等公交车时，他快速浏览了一下报纸。 • We walked through the forest to reach the village.我们步行穿过森林，到达了村庄。 Exercises 1.go through 除了表示“___________”之外，还可表示“___________” 2.由动词 +through 构成的动词短语还有； （1） get through ___________（2）look through___________（3） walk through___________ （4） live through___________ 3.It took the man three hours to___________the forest on foot in the dark. A. go across B. go through C. come into D. come out 4.穿过树林后，我们到了那个小村子。 After we___________ ___________the woods, we came to the small village. Unit 4 Section B 1.technique •You can use the "mind map” technique to remember English words more easily. 你可以用“思维导图”这个技巧来更轻松地记英语单词。 • The machine has a technical problem—we need to calla repairman. 这台机器出了技术故障，我们得叫修理工。 • Technology has changed the way we live and work. 科技改变了我们的生活和工作方式。 • New technologies in farming have increased crop yields. 农业新技术提高了作物产量。 Exercises 1.technique 作可数名词，意为“___________”。 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 技术的；技能的；专业的 （2） ___________［U］n. 科技 ［C］n. 技术 2.2006年，扎染技艺被列入中国国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 In 2006, the tie-dye___________ was added to China's national intangible cultural heritage list. 2.passage • She read us a passage of the novel. 她给我们读了小说中的一段。 • The passage from the kitchen to the garden is very narrow.从厨房到花园的通道很窄。 • The passage of time made her forget the pain. 时间的流逝让她忘记了痛苦。 • Read the short passage and answer the questions. Exercises 1.passage 的一词多义：（1）文章；段落（2）通道；走廊（3）（时间的）流逝 常用短语：（1）a short passage___________（2）in the passage___________ （3）the passage of time ___________ 2.和诗歌相比较，故事通常有较长的段落。 Compared with poems, stories usually have ___________ ___________. 3.likely • We are likely to visit the museum this weekend.我们这周末可能去参观博物馆。 • It is likely that the snow will stop by noon.中午雪很可能会停。 • He most likely left his keys at home.他极有可能把钥匙落在家里了。 •It's probable that he will win the game—he's beentraining hard for months. 他很可能会赢这场比赛-他已经刻苦训练了好几个月。 • It's possible that it will rain, but the sky is still clear.可能会下雨，但天还很晴。 Exercises 1.likely的一词多义： （1） adj. 可能的，常见用法：be likely to do sth ___________； It is likely + （that） 从句 ___________ （2）adv.很可能 2.She is likely ___________(finish) her homework before dinner. 3.他极有可能今晚给你打电话。 He will___________ ___________ call you this evening. 4.早期的知识可能会导致对推论的错误判断。 Earlier knowledge___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________wrong judgments about inferences. 辨析 likely 指“可能性极高”，概率接近 80%-90%，强调“迹象明显，几乎可以确定会发生”。 probable 指“可能性较高”，概率通常高于 50％，强调“有充分依据推断，大概率会发生”。 possible 仅指“存在发生的可能性”，概率通常低于50%，强调 “理论上可行，但实际发生概率不高”。 4.discuss • She wants to discuss her travel ideas with her best friend this weekend. 这个周末，她想和她最好的朋友讨论自己的旅行想法。 • We'll have a discussion about the school trip tomorrow.我们明天会讨论学校旅行的事。 •The plan is still under discussion.这个计划仍在讨论中。 • There is a short discussion about the new textbook in our English class every Monday. 每周一我们的英语课上都会有一场关于新课本的简短讨论。 Exercises 1.discuss 作及物动词，意为“___________”。常见用法：discuss sth with sb___________ 2.___________ n. 讨论。常见用法：（1） have/hold adiscussion with sb about/on.___________ (2) There is + a/an + adj. + discussion about/on...___________（3）under discussion ___________ 3. It's very helpful___________(discuss) your problems with your parents. 4. The students are having a warm___________(discuss)about seasonal changes. 5.汤姆经常和他最好的朋友迈克讨论他最喜欢的书。 Tom often___________his favorite books___________his best friend Mike. 6. 我们需要进行进一步的讨论，以找到解决这个问题的更好办法。 We need to have___________ ___________ ___________to find a better way to work out the problem. 5.image • The image on the screen suddenly changed.屏幕上的图像突然变了。 • He formed a mental image of his future home.他在脑海中勾勒出未来家园的样子。 • The company is trying to improve its public image.这家公司正努力提升自身的公众形象。 • Don't be afraid to imagine new things. They can show your wonderful imagination. 别害怕想象新事物，它们能展现你出色的想象力。 Exercises 1.image 作可数名词，常见词义有： （1）（视觉上的）图像；图片（2）（人或事物的）形象；印象（3）（脑海里的）印象；想象 相关短语：public image ___________；image of..___________；in the image of___________ 相关词形：（1）___________v. 想象（2）___________n. 想象力；想象 2.Winning the speech competition helped Jack create a young energetic___________（形象）. 3.-How large is the universe? -It is impossible to___________ (image). 4.蓝天中飘着白云的景象,宛如一幅柔和的画。 __________ __________ __________white clouds floating in the blue sky feels like a soft painting. 5.他的丰富的想象力帮他创作出精彩的故事。 His___________ ___________helped him create amazing stories. 6.view • She views this job as a chance to learn new skills.她把这份工作看作学习新技能的机会。 • The child ran around the corner and was soon out of view.孩子跑到拐角处，很快就看不见了。 • In my view, students should balance study and rest.在我看来，学生应该平衡学习和休息。 • We stopped to take photos of the beautiful view of the valley. 我们停下来拍山谷的美景。 Exercises 1.view的一词多义：（1）vt.看；观看；看待（2）n.观点；看法（3）n. 视野；视线 （4）n.风景；景色 常见用法：view..as...___________；in/out of view___________；in one's view___________；hold/express a view ___________；a view of..___________ 2.Many people ___________（看）dogs as their best friends. 3.《红楼梦》被视为世界文学经典。 A Dream of Red Mansions___________ ___________ ___________a classic in world literature. 7.effective •Regular cxercise is effective in keeping healthy.规律锻炼对保持健康很有效。 • The government took effective measures to reduce pollution.政府采取了有效措施减少污染。 • Littering has a harmful effect on the environment.乱扔垃圾对环境有危害。 • The new rule will come into effect next month.新规定将在下个月生效。 Exercises 1.effcctive adj. 有效的 常见用法：（1） be effeclive in （doing）___________（2） effective measures___________ 2.effect n. 效果。常见用法： (1) have a harmful effect on___________（2） come into effect___________ 3. The school took___________(effect) measures to improve students' safety. 4. The heavy rain had a bad___________（效果）on the outdoor party. 5.定期练习对解决发音问题很有效。 Regular practice___________ ___________ ___________solving pronunciation problems. 8.increase • The demand for clectric vehicles is on the increase.电动汽车的需求正在增长。 • We need to increase our efforts to learn English.我们需要加大学习英语的力度。 • The price of apples increased by 20%.苹果的价格上涨了20%。 • The temperature increased to 35°C yesterday.昨天温度上升到了35摄氏度。 • The increased population has caused more traffic jams.增长的人口导致了更多的交通堵塞。 Exercises 1.increase 的一词多义： （1）n.增长。on the increase ___________（2）v.增长；增加。常见用法：increase by +数量___________；increase to + 数量 ___________；increase in..___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 不断增长的（2）___________adj. 已经增长的 2.用适当的介词填空。 (1) The price of rice increased___________10% last month. (2) The temperature will increase___________28°C tomorrow. 3. There is an___________(increase)number of birds in the park. 4.加入阅读俱乐部的学生人数有了大幅增长。 There has been___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the number of students joining the reading club. 5.新的熊猫展区开放后，当地动物园的游客数量增长了50%. The local zoo's visitor count___________ ___________ ___________after the new panda exhibit opened. 9.recognize • I recognized your voice on the phone.我在电话里听出了你的声音。 • He has been recognized as a talented singer.他已被公认为有天赋的歌手。 • He recognized that he made a mistake.他意识到自己犯了错。 • The painting is recognized by experts as a masterpiece.这幅画被专家认定为杰作。 • His efforts finally got the recognition.他的努力终于得到了认可。 Exercises 1.recognize v. 辨认出；认可。常见用法： （1） recognize sb/sth ___________（2） recognize ..as..___________ （3）recognize that/wh-从句 ___________（4） be recognized by... ___________ 相关词形：___________ n. 认出；承认 2.I can easily___________（辨认）his handwriting because it's very unique. 3. The song___________ (recognize) with its beautiful melody by most of the students. 4.这座建筑被认为是该市的历史地标。 This building___________ ___________ ___________a historical landmark in the city. Unit 5 Section A 1.invention •The invention of the computer changed the world.计算机的发明改变了世界。 • He patented a new piece of invention last year.他去年获得了一项新发明的专利。 • This story is apparently a complete invention.这个故事显然完全是虚构的。 •Who invented the steam engine？谁发明了蒸汽机？ • The inventor of the telephone is Alexander Bell.电话的发明者是亚历山大•贝尔。 • She is an inventive student who always comes up with new ideas. 她是个有创造力的学生，总能想出新点子。 • The discovery of oil in this area brought wealth to thecountry. 这个地区石油的发现给国家带来了财富。 Exercises 1.invention n. 发明；发明物；创造；虛构（的故事）。 常见搭配：（1） the invention of..___________（2） a great invention ___________（3）a piece of invention ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ v.发明；创造（2）___________n. 发明者；发明家 （3）___________ adj. 善于创新的；有创意的 2.In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a great___________(invent) —the telephone. 3. He wants to___________（发明）a machine that can clean the ocean. 3. The___________（发现）of penicillin saved millions of lives. 4.爱迪生是历史上最伟大的发明家之一。 Edison is one of___________ ___________ ___________in history. 辨析 invention 指“原本不存在，通过人类创造出来的东西”（强调 “从无到有” 的创造）。 discovery 指“原本就存在，只是被人类首次找到或认识到的事物”（强调“发现已存在的东西”）。 2.produce •This car is produced by a German company.这款车由一家德国公司生产。 • Hard work produces good results. 努力工作会产生好结果。 • The farmers sell their fresh produce at the market.农民们在市场上售卖新鲜的农产品。 • This company's new product is very popular.这家公司的新产品很受欢迎。 • The production of this new phone will start next month. 这款新手机的生产将于下月开始。 • She makes her own clothes.她自己做衣服。 • Picasso created many famous paintings.毕加索创作了许多名画。 Exercises 1.produce的一词多义：（1）v. 生产；繁育；制造；产生。be produced by___________ （2）n. 农产品（尤指水果、蔬菜等） 相关词形：（1）___________ n. 产品；制品（指工业生产的产品） （2） ___________n. 生产者；制造商；制片人（3）___________ n.生产；制作；产量 2.New types of energy from the sun, wind and water_______little pollution and will never run out. A. burn B. recycle C. separate D. produce 3. The___________(produce) of rice has increased this year. 4.这家工厂上个月生产了1000台电脑。 This factory___________ ___________ ___________last month. 辨析 produce 强调“大规模生产”（尤指工厂生产或自然产出） make 最通用，强调“制作的过程”（手工、简单制造） create 强调“创造出全新的、原创的事物”（抽象或具体） 3.tourism •The local government wants to develop tourism to help people live better. 当地政府想发展旅游业来帮助人们生活得更好。 • Summer is the peak season for tourism in this town.夏季是这个城镇的旅游旺季。 •We went on a tour of the Great Wall.我们去游览了长城。 • Thousands of tourists visit the museum every day.每天有成千上万的游客参观这个博物馆。 Exercises 1.tourism作不可数名词，意为“旅游业；旅游（活动）”，常见搭配：tourism industry ___________；develop tourism ___________。 相关词形：（1）___________v.旅行；游览 n.观光；旅游。（2）__________ n. 观光客；游客 2.Red___________（旅游业）has developed quickly and it's becoming more and more popular. 3.Every year，Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its___________ (tour). 4. 品尝当地农家菜是乡村旅游的一大亮点。 Trying local farmhouse dishes is a highlight of___________ ___________. 4.gain • She gained a lot of useful experience from her part-time job. 她从兼职工作中获得了很多有用的经验。 • He gained 3 kilograms because he ate too many snacks. 因为吃了太多零食，他体重增加了3公斤。 •No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。［谚语］ • Students can gain access to the school library every day.学生每天都可以使用学校图书馆。 • The teacher quickly gained control of the noisy classroom.老师很快控制住了吵闹的教室。 • Lily won first place in the school math competition.莉莉在学校数学竞赛中获得了第一名。 Exercises 1.gain 既可作动词，意为“获得；取得；赢得”，也可作名词，意为“好处；利益；增加”。 相关短语：（1）gain access to ___________（2）gain control of ___________ （3）gain experience ___________（4） gain weight ___________（反义：lose weight） （5） gain confidence___________ 2.___________（获得）knowledge through experience is more valuable than learning from books. 3. 通过始终信守承诺，他逐渐获得了同学们的信任。 He___________ ___________from his classmates by always keeping his promises. 4. 国家队战胜客队，赢得了这场足球赛。 The national team ___________the football___________against the visiting team. Unit 5 Section B 1.reality • He seems friendly, but in reality he is very cold.他看起来很友好，但实际上他很冷漠。 • Hard work can turn your dreams into reality.努力工作能让你的梦想成真。 • The movie shows the realities of farmers' lives.这部电影展现了农民生活的真实情况。 • This is a real story, not a lie.这是个真实的故事，不是谎言。 •It's really cold today. 今天真的很冷。 • We need to work hard to realize our dreams.为了实现梦想，我们需要努力工作。 • She finally told me the truth about her mistake.她终于告诉我关于她所犯错误的真相了。 • The fact is that she won the competition.事实是她赢了比赛。 Exercises 1.reality 的一词多义：（1）n.［U］现实；实际情况。指客观存在的真实状态，与“想象、理想”相对。（2）n.［C］ 真实的事物；实际经历。指“具体的真实事件或体验”。 常用短语：（1）in reality ___________（相当于 in fact） （2）turn..into reality ___________ (3) the reality of... ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 真的（2）__________ adv. 真正地（3）__________v.实现 2.It takes much effort to turn what we want into___________(real). 3. He looked very confident and calm during the test, but___________he was extremely nervous. A. in trouble B. in danger C. in reality D. in surprise 4.伟大事业始于梦想，成于实干。 A great cause starts with a dream and__________ ___________ ___________through hard work. 5.我们为她说了真话而感到自豪。 We are proud of her for___________ ___________ ___________. 辨析 reality “现实；实际情况”，与“想象、虚构、理想”相对，指实际存在的整体状态。 truth “真相；真理”，与“谎言”相对，指具体事件的真实本质或普遍真理。 fact “事实；实情”，与“无根据的说法、猜测”相对，指真实发生、可验证的事件/信息。 2.responsible • Carelessness is responsible for many mistakes in exams. 粗心是考试中很多错误的原因。 • She is responsible for cleaning the classroom today.她今天负责打扫教室。 • The responsible teacher checks our homework carefully every day. 这位负责任的老师每天认真检查我们的作业。 • He smiled in response to her greeting.他微笑着回应她的问候。 • She has many responsibilities as a monitor.作为班长，她有很多职责。 Exercises 1.responsible adj.既可表示“作为原因的；有责任”，也可用来形容人“有责任心的；可靠的”。 常见用法：be responsible for （doing）sth ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ n. 回应；响应；答复（2）___________n. 责任；职责 2.Who will be___________ (responsibility) for the meeting when the manager is on business? 3. She feels a strong sense of___________(responsible) towards her employees. 4.学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。 Students should___________ ___________ ___________their decisions and actions. 3.rapid • The rapid development of technology changesour life.科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 • With the teacher's help, he made rapid progress in English. 在老师的帮助下，他在英语上取得了快速的进步。 • There has been a rapid increase in the number of students.学生效量有了快速增长。 • His health is improving rapidly.他的健康状况正在迅速好转。 • This fast train can reach 300 kilometers per hour.这列快车时速可达 300公里。 Exercises 1.rapid adj.快速的；迅速的；瞬间的。 常见用法：（1） rapid development/progress/change___________ （2）a rapid increase/decline___________ 相关词形:___________ adv.快速地；迅速地 2.It is convenient to buy things online in China because of the___________（快速的）development of the delivery service by drone（无人机）. 3.The AI technology is___________(rapid) changing all the time. 4.On sunny weekends, my little brother runs___________（快速地）on the park’s green grass, laughing as he chases a playful puppy. 5. 如果你努力学习，你会在英语方面取得快速进步。 If you study hard, you will___________ ___________ ___________in English. 4.afford • Some young people working in the city can't afford houses. 一些在城里工作的年轻人买不起房子。 • We can't afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。 • Fresh vegetables are affordable for everyone here.这里的新鲜蔬菜对所有人来说都买得起。 Exercises 1.afford v. 买得起；能做。 常见短语：（1） afford sth ___________（2） afford to do sth___________ 相关词形：___________ adj. 价格合理的；负担得起的。 常见用法：affordable prices ___________；be affordable for..___________ 2. His father can't afford ___________such a big house with a swimming pool. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 3.马库斯走路回家，因为他坐不起出租车。 Marcus walked home because he couldn't ___________ ___________ ___________a taxi. 辨析 gain 均作动词，可表“获得/赢得”，可搭配具体事物（如奖品、比赛）。 可接抽象名词（知识、经验、信心等）和数量类名词（体重、利润等）。侧重“通过努力、过程逐渐获得”，无“对抗感” win 侧重“在竞争、对抗中战胜对手”，有明确“胜负关系”。仅搭配 “有竞争属性的事物”（比赛、战役、奖项、荣誉等），不可接抽象名词。 Unit 6 Section A 1.beyond • The small village lies beyond the river.那个小村庄坐落在河的另一边。 • This math problem is beyond my ability to solve.这道数学题超出了我的解答能力。 • Beyond his family, no one knew about his hobby.除了他的家人，没人知道他的爱好。 • Walk along this path, and you'll find a small lake beyond. 沿着这条小路走，你会在前面更远处发现一个小溯。 • Beyond doubt, she is the most hard-working student in our class. 毫无疑问，她是我们班最努力的学生。 • The heavy rain was beyond our control, so we had to cancel the picnic. 这场大雨超出了我们的控制范围，所以我们不得不取消野餐。 Exercises 1.beyond：① …的另一边；越过（表示空间位置）②超出…⋯的范围；超越（表示能力、程度、时间等）③除⋯之外（表示‘不包括在内’）④在更远的地方 相关短语：beyond doubt __________ ；beyond one's control __________ ； beyond repair __________ 2.—Hey, do you want to refuse this good job? —I have to give up. I'm afraid it's__________ my ability. A. behind B. beside C. beyond D. between 3.沿着木桥走，你会看到更远处有一群鸭子在游水。 Walk along the wooden bridge, and you'll see a group of__________ __________ __________. 4. 毫无疑问，这个小女孩的笑容能照亮整个房间。 __________ __________, the little girl's smile can light up the whole room. 2.maintain • We need to maintain a healthy diet to keep our bodies strong. 我们需要保持健康的饮食，以保持身体强壮。 • His father maintains his old car every month.他爸爸每个月都保养他的旧汽车。 • I maintain contact with my best friend from primary school via WeChat. 我通过微信和小学时最好的朋友保持联系。 • She maintains that reading books can open our minds.她坚持认为读书能打开我们的思路。 Exercises 1.maintain 表示“维修；保持”等意义。 相关短语：（1） maintain contact with sb __________（2） maintain order__________ （3）maintain abalance （between A and B） __________ （4） maintain one's interest in sth __________ 2. Ellen is positive. She keeps__________no matter how tough things get. A. smiling B. smile C. to smile D. smiles 3.我妈妈坚持认为睡前喝一杯温牛奶有助于我们睡个好觉。 My mom__________ __________drinking a glass of warm milk before bed helps us sleep well. 辨析 maintain 两者均为及物动词，都可用于“保持某种状态、事物或关系”，日常表达中部分场景可替换（但有细微差异）。 保持健康：keep healthy /maintain health（前者更口语，后者更书面） 保持联系：keep in touch /maintain contact（前者日常用，后者偏正式） •强调“通过努力、管理来维持”，含“主动维护”的意味； •应用范围较窄，多接“抽象事物”（如秩序、关系、记录、标准）。 keep •强调“持续持有或保持筒单状态”，动作更日常； 用范围更广，可接“具体物品、状态、习惯”，还能表“保留、饲养”。 如：keep quiet 保持安静 3.weightless •When you first start to rise rapidly in a hot air balloon, you'll feel weightless for a moment. 当你乘坐热气球刚开始快速上升时，你会有一瞬间感到失重。 • Underwater, divers sometimes stay in a weightless state to practice movements. 在水下，潜水员有时会处于失重状态来练习动作。 •When we held the thin feather in our hands, it feltalmost weightless. 当我们手里握着那根纤细的羽毛时，感觉它几乎是无重量的。 • Could you please weigh this basket of strawberries? I'd like to know its weight. 请你称一下这一筐草莓好吗？我想知道它的重量。 Exercises 1.weightless adj. 失重的；无重量的，其副词形式为__________. 相关短语：feel weightless __________；in a weightlessstate__________；weightless environment __________。 weightless 的其他同根词：（1）__________v. 称重；重⋯（2）__________ n. 重量 2. The baby panda's__________ (weigh) grows a little every day, making its keeper happy. 3. This basket of oranges__________(weigh) just enough for us to carry home easily. 4. 跳进泳池时，你可能会有一瞬间感到失重。 When jumping into the pool, you might__________ __________for a split second. 4.movement •Doing some gentle movements every morning canhelp us stay energetic all day. 每天早上做一些轻柔的运动，能帮助我们一整天都保持精力充沛。 • Many people joined the movement to protect the local rivers from pollution last month. 上个月，很多人加入了保护当地河流免受污染的活动。 • The old man told a moving story about his childhood friend. 老人讲了一个关于童年好友的感人故事。 • She was deeply moved by the old lady's story of helping stray cats. 她被老太太帮助流浪猫的故事深深感动了。 Exercises 1.movement （n. 运动；活动）由“move（v.移动；搬家）＋名词后缀-ment”构成。 相关短语：（1） in movement __________（2） a movement for..__________（3） the movement of..__________ movement 的其他同根词：_________（adj. 感人的；动人的）→_________（adj. 受感动的） 2. The skills and__________(move) in skiing were quite different from those in gymnastics（体操）. 3. The __________documentary about wildlife protection __________many viewers.(move) 4.机器人能追踪森林中的动物活动，并将数据传回科学家。 The robot can track__________ __________in the forest and send data back to scientists. 5.asleep • The baby finally fell asleep after crying for awhile.宝宝哭了一会儿后终于入睡了。 • She was asleep when I called her last night.昨晚我给她打电话时，她睡着了。 • He sleeps 8 hours every day and he has a good sleep.他每天睡8小时并且拥有优质睡眠。 • The sleepy baby rubbed her eyes and leaned against her mom. 那个困倦的宝宝揉了揉眼睛，靠在了妈妈身上。 • The sleeping girl smiled in her dream.那个正在睡觉的女孩在梦里笑了。 Exercises 1.asleep adj. 睡着的，在句中作表语。 常用短语：（1）fall asleep __________（2）be fast/deep asleep__________ （3）sound asleep __________ asleep 的其他同根词：（1）_________ v. 睡觉（2） _________ adj. 睡着的 （3）_________adj.困倦的 2.It is very difficult to fall_________(sleep) with the wind outside crying like a wolf. 3. We_________(sleep) in a tent during the camping trip last weekend. 4.一杯咖啡没能帮我驱散了困倦感，我很快睡着了。 A cup of coffee didn't help me fight off the_________ _________, and I fell _________soon. 辨析 asleep adj.睡着的（表状态，已入睡）。仅作表语，不能作定语；常与fall/be 搭配。 sleep v. /n. 睡觉（动作/状态） sleepy adj.困倦的，想睡觉的。可作表语或定语，表“未入睡但想睡”。 sleeping 既可以表“正在睡觉的动作”，也可以表“处于睡眠状态的”（如asleeping dog），侧重“动作进行中“或“状态的持续性”。 6.crazy • Mia is crazy about star-gazing she even bought a telescope. 米娅痴迷于观星，她甚至买了望远镜。 • The loud construction noise is driving my grandma crazy.刺耳的施工噪音快把奶奶逼疯了。 • The city's nightlife is full of craziness, with people dancing in the streets until dawn. 这座城市的夜生活充满疯狂，人们在街上跳舞直到黎明。 Exercises 1.crazy adj. 疯狂的；发疯的 → _________ n. 疯狂 常见短语：（1）be crazy about _________（2）drive sb crazy _________ 2. The_________(crazy) of the birthday party made the kids laugh all night. 3.等晚点的火车超过两小时，这让我妈妈抓狂了。 Waiting for the delayed train for over two hours_________ _________ _________ _________. 7.require • The broken bike requires fixing.这辆坏自行车需要修理。 • The coach requires us to run 3 laps every morning.教练要求我们每天早上跑3圈。 • The school rule requires that students (should) arrive on time.校规要求学生按时到校。 • This task requires patience and skill.这项任务需要耐心和技巧。 • Good grades are a basic requirement for this scholarship. 好成绩是获得这笔奖学金的基本要求。 •The garden needs watering every day.花园需要每天浇水。 • You needn't bring your books tomorrow.你明天不必带书。 Exercises 1.require （v. 要求；需要）→ _________（n. 必要条件；要求）。 2.常见用法：（1）sth require doing _________（2）require sb to do sth_________ （3） require that.. _________，从句用“should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 3. The library requires students_________(keep) their voices down. 4. The dirty window requires_________(clean) before the party. 5. A medical check-up is a_________(require) for joining the sports team. 6.安全规定要求工人在工地上戴头盔。 Safety rules_________ _________workers_________ _________ on the site. 辩析 require 强调“规定/ 要求”，较正式。主语可为人/机构，后接 doing（表被动），sb to do 或that 从句。 need 强调“客观需要或主观需求”，更日常化。主语可为人/物，后接 doing（表被动），sb to do；还可作情态动词，后接动词原形，否定用needn't. 8.publish • They are publishing a series of science books forteenagers. 他们正在为青少年出版一套科学丛书。 • The magazine publishes stories for kids every week. 这家杂志每周刊登儿童故事。 • Her first poem was published in the school newspaper last year. 她的第一首诗去年发表在校报上。 • The library has many kinds of publications, such as storybooks, science magazines and dictionaries. 图书馆里有各种各样的出版物，比如故事书、科学杂志和词典。 Exercises 1.publish v.出版；刊登；发行；发表→_________ n.出版；发表；发版物。 常用短语： （1） publish a/an book/article _________（2）be published _________ 2.We will review your works and _________(publish) the best ones in next month's newspaper. 3.这位诗人希望明年春天出版一本关于星星的诗集。 The poet hopes to _________ _________ _________ a poems about stars next spring. 9.be made into 被制成 • Rubbish can be made into building materials.垃圾能被制成建筑材料。 • The novel will be made into a movie next year.这部小说明年将被改编成电影。 • This backpack is made of recycled plastic bottles.这个背包由回收的塑料瓶制成。 • The medicine is made from rare plants in the rainforest.这种药由雨林中的稀有植物制成。 • High-tech robots are mostly made in China now.如今高科技机器人大多在中国制造。 • The special gloves were made by astronauts for spacewalks. 这款特殊手套是由宇航员为太空行走制作的。 • The smart city project is made up of five main parts.这个智慧城市项目由五个主要部分组成。 Exercises 1.be made into 表示“（原材料）被加工/改造（成品）”，强调原材料的形态或用途发生转化。 类似结构还有：（1）be made of_________（2） be made from_________ （3） be made in_________（4） be made by _________ （5） be made for________ （6）be made up of _________ 2.—Ya'an is_________the City of Tea, right? —Yes, and you know, besides drinks, tea can_________ various kinds of food. A. famous for; be made of B. famous as; be made into C. famous for; be made from D. famous with; be made in 3. The novel Harry Potter series_________ seven books by J. K. Rowling over a period of 10 years. A. is made into B. is made of C. is made from D. is made up of 4.我们上周买的彩色黏土，在手工课上被制成了小动物。 The colorful clay we bought last week_________ _________ _________ small animals in the craft class. Unit 6 Section B 1.cooperate • Teams must cooperate to win the game.团队必须合作才能赢得比赛。 • We need to cooperate with the new classmate on the presentation. 我们需要和新同学合作做演示。 • Teachers and parents cooperate on organizing the school trip. 老师和家长合作组织学校旅行。 • The library built a new reading corner in cooperation with the community. 图书馆与社区合作建了新的阅读角。 • Our success depends on mutual cooperation.我们的成功取决于相互合作。 • She's always cooperative when working in groups.小组合作时她总是很配合。 Exercises 1.cooperate v. 合作；配合，是由动词 operate（操作）＋前缀co-（表示共同、一起）构成。 常用短语：（1） cooperate to do sth _________（2） cooperate with sb _________ （3） cooperate on sth_________ 常见短语：（1） in cooperation with_________（2）mutual cooperation_________ 其他同根词：（1）_________（n.合作）（2） _________ （adj. 配合的） 2. Every time before a family dinner party, they will_________（合作）to plan a menu. 3. Tom is a_________(cooperate) student who never refuses to help his classmates. 4. The community center organized a sports day in_________(cooperate) with the local school. 5.我们在小组讨论时总是和同桌合作。 We always_________ _________our deskmate during group discussions. 2.survey • To make a new map of our town, they need to do a careful survey. 为了制作我们小镇的新地图，他们需要进行仔细的测绘。 • Our group will do a survey about students' weekend plans. 我们小组要做一项关于学生周末计划的调查。 • The teacher asked us to conduct a survey on school lunch. 老师让我们就学校午餐进行调查。 •There's a new survey of neighborhood green spaces.有一项关于社区绿地的新调查。 • We survey students' favorite books every semester.我们每学期都调查学生最爱的书籍。 • They surveyed parents about kids' screen time.他们就孩子的屏幕使用时间调查了家长。 Exercises 1.survey 可作名词，也可作动词。 作名词时，常用短语：do a survey_________conduct a survey_________ a survey of sth _________ 作动词时，常用短语：survey sb about sth _________ 2.我们小组为了这个项目就老师们最爱的课堂工具对他们进行了调查。 My group_________ _________ _________ _________their favorite classroom tools for the project. 3.operate • My uncle can operate this new printing machine easily.我叔叔能轻松操作这台新印刷机。 • Surgeons operated on the dog to remove a small stone from its stomach. 外科医生给这只狗做手术，取出了胃里的小石子。 • Students learn to operate 3D printers in the school's tech club.学生们在学校科技社团学习操作3D打印机。 • The new library rules will come into operation next week.新的图书馆规定下周开始实施。 • The old windmill has been in operation for over 50 years.这座旧风车已经运行了50多年。 • The doctor will perform an operation on her leg tomorrow.医生明天要给她的腿做手术。 •The call center operator helped me solve the phone problem. 呼叫中心话务员帮我解决了手机问题。 Exercises 1.operate vi. 操作；运行vi. 动手术→_________n.操作；运行；手术 →_________ n.操作员 operate 常用短语：（1） operate a device/machine _________（2） operate on sb_________ 其他同根词常见短语：（1） come into operation _________（2） be in operation_________ （3） perform an operation on⋯_________ 2.The new subway line_________ _________ _________(operate) since last year, making commuting easier. 3. The cat needs an_________ (operate) to fix its broken paw. 4.在工厂里，工人们接受培训以正确操作机器。 In the factory, workers are trained to_________ _________ _________. Unit 7 Section A 1.traditional • She wears a traditional dress on her birthday.她生日时穿了一件传统连衣裙。 • This style of music is traditional in our hometown.这种音乐风格在我们家乡是传统的。 • Traditionally, people eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.传统上，人们在春节吃饺子。 • We need to learn more about the traditional culture. 我们需要更多地了解传统文化。 Exercises 1.traditional adj. 传统的，由tradition n.传统＋形容词后缀-al 构成，其副词形式是_________ traditional culture/customs/festival/food___________________________ 2. The old tailor still makes clothes with_________(tradition) techniques. 归纳拓展 2.electric • This electric bike runs very fast.这辆电动自行车跑得很快。 • An electric fan keeps us cool in summer.电风扇在夏天让我们保持凉爽。 • The atmosphere at the basketball final was electric.篮球决赛的氛围令人激动。 • Turning off unused lights helps save electricity.关掉不用的灯有助于节约电。 • The school has new electrical equipment for science class.学校为科学课配备了新的电气设备。 Exercises 1.electric 及其同根词：_________adj. 电的；电动的_________adj.电气的；发电的 _________ n.电；电力 常用短语：electric bike_________；electric fan_________electric light_________ electrical equipment_________electrical problem_________electrical engineering_________ 其他词义：electric 还有“_________”的意思。 2.老师在课上教我们如何修理小的电气故障。 The teacher taught us how to fix small_________ _________ in class. 3.performer • Jack dreams of being a famous performer in the future. 杰克梦想未来成为一名著名的表演者。 • The live performer received loud cheers after finishing the song. 这位现场演奏者演奏完曲子后，收到了热烈的欢呼声。 • The band will perform at the school concert tomorrow. 这支乐队明天将在学校音乐会上表演。 • We need to perform this task carefully to avoid mistakes. 我们需要认真执行这项任务，以免出错。 • The actor's performance in the play was praised by many people. 这位演员在戏剧中的表演受到了很多人的赞扬。 Exercises 1.performer n. 演奏者；表演者 短语：（1）talented performer_________（2） live performer_________ 相关词：_________ n. 表演；演出（侧重“表演的行为或成果”） 2.The actor’s_________(perform) in the play was full of energy. 3. The street_________(perform)sang songs to attract people's attention. 4. We were all amazed by the singer's wonderful_________(perform) last night. 5.那位舞蹈表演者在舞台上的每一个动作都充满了力量。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________ 4.poet • Li Bai is a great poet in Chinese history.李白是中国历史上伟大的诗人。 • Many young poets share their works online now.现在很多年轻诗人在网上分享作品。 • The sunset over the lake has a poetic beauty.湖上的日落有种诗意的美。 • She loves reading poetry in her free time.她空闲时喜欢读诗歌。 Exercises 1.poet n. 诗人 →_________ adj. 诗意的；诗歌的→_________ n. 诗歌；诗作（不可数）→_________n. 诗 常用短语：modern poets _________；the poetic beauty_________；a poetry collection_________ 2.夕阳下的老街有种诗意的韵味。 The old street under the sunset has a _________ _________. 辨析 poet 指“诗人”，是可数名词，复数直接加-s。 poem “诗；诗歌”，可数名词。 poetic 修饰名词，描述“有诗歌特质的事物”，如风景、语言。 poetry 指“诗歌这一文学形式”，不可数，不能说 ““a poetry”，表达“一首诗”用 “a poem”。 5.show an interest in • The little girl shows an interest in colorful butterflies. 这个小女孩对色彩鲜艳的蝴蝶表现出兴趣。 • Tom started to show an interest in playing the piano this term. 汤姆这学期开始对弹钢琴表现出兴趣。 • My brother takes an interest in space exploration. 我弟弟对太空探索产生兴趣。 • Most students are interested in after-school clubs. 大多数学生对课外社团感兴趣。 • Reading picture books helps kids develop an interest in stories. 读绘本帮助孩子们培养对故事的兴趣。 Exercises 1.短语 show an interest in的构成：动词 show+名词短语 an interest+ 介词 in，对……表现出兴趣，强调外在的、可见的兴趣、行为或态度。用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，说明“对什么事物表现出兴趣”。 类似结构还有：（1） take an interest in_________（2） be interested in sth_________ （3） develop an interest in_________ 2.-Are you_________ in joining the school's science club? -Yes, I am. I find science very_________. A. interested; interested B. interesting; interesting C. interested; interesting D. interesting; interested 3. My uncle takes_________ interest in growing vegetables in his small garden. 4.莉莉放学后对做手工艺品表现出兴趣。 Lily_________ _________ _________in making handicrafts after school. 6.no longer • She is no longer a shy girl.她不再是个害羞的女孩了。 • We no longer live in that old house.我们不再住在那栋老房子里了。 • From now on, he will no longer play video games all day. 从现在起，他不会再整天玩电子游戏了。 • They don't talk to each other any longer.他们不再互相说话了。 • She didn't cry any more when she saw her mom.看到妈妈后，她不再哭了。 Exercises 1.Don't do everything for him.He is_________a child. He can do it himself. A. not longer B. any more C. not more D. no longer 2. My grandfather_________lives in the old house. He moved to a new community last month. A. not longer B. no longer C. not any longer D. no any longer 3. We no longer used the old camera.（同义句转换） We_________use the old camera_________ _________. 4.他不再抱怨附近的噪音。 He doesn't complain about the noise in the neighborhood_________ _________. 辨析 no longer 放在be 动词后/实义动词前，表示时间/状态/动作的延续性终止。 eg. He is no longer interested.他不再感兴趣了。 not.. any longer 放在句末，表示时间/状态/动作的延续性终止。 e.g. He isn't interested any longer.他不再感兴趣了。 not.. any more 放在句末，表示数量/次数的终止或动作彻底停止。可与瞬间动词连用，如hear, see, leave 等。 e.g. I don't smoke any more.我不再抽烟了。 Unit 7 Section B 1.gifted • The boy is gifted in playing table tennis.这个男孩在打乒乓球方面有天赋。 • He's a very gifted young pianist.他是一位非常有天赋的年轻钢琴家。 • My deskmate is gifted at solving puzzles.我的同桌在解谜题方面有天赋。 • This school has a special class for gifted students.这所学校为有天赋的学生开设了特色班。 Exercises 1.gifted adj. 有天赋的 →_________ n. 天赋；礼物 常用短语：（1）be gifted in/at _________（2） a gifted student_________ 2. My neighbor is gifted_________science and technology. 3. Lily is gifted at_________(draw) on the computer. 4.这个展览上有很多有天赋的艺术家的作品。 There are many works by_________ _________at the exhibition. 2.characteristic • Bright patterns are the characteristic part of this brand's clothes. 鲜艳的图案是这个品牌服装的典型元素。 • Warm hospitality is characteristic of the local people here. 热情好客是这里当地人的特点。 • One key characteristic of these animals is their ability to see in the dark. 这些动物的一个关键特征是它们在黑暗中看得见的能力。 • We should remember the main characteristics of the four seasons. 我们应该记住四季的主要特征。 Exercises 1.characteristic n. 特征；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的→_________ n. 性格；人物 2.常用短语： (1) be characteristic of _________(2) the characteristic of _________ (3) have the characteristic of _________ 3.这些花具有在清晨绽放的特征。 These flowers have _________ _________ _________blooming in the early morning. 3.valuable •We should record every valuable idea in class. 我们应该把课堂上每一个有价值的想法记录下来。 •This old photo album is a valuable gift from mygrandma. 这本旧相册是奶奶送我的一个珍贵礼物。 • Your patience in teaching me English is really valuable to me. 你教我英语时的耐心，对我来说真的很宝贵。 • Free online learning resources are more valuable than many expensive books for students. 对学生来说，免费的在线学习资源比很多昂贵的书更有价值。 Exercises 1.valuable adj. 宝贵的；贵重的→_________ n.价值v.珍视→_________adv. 有价值地 常用短语：（1）valuable advice/experience/time_________（2） be valuable to sb _________ 2.从事这项工程使他获得了宝贵的经验。 He gained_________ _________while working on the project. 4.proudly •Mia held her hand-sewn cloth rabbit proudly andgave it to her little cousin. 米娅自豪地拿着她亲手缝的布兔子，把它送给了表妹。 • The snow-capped mountains stood proudly against the blue sky. 在蓝天的映衬下，白雪覆盖的山脉壮观地矗立着。 • She is proud of her hand-painted cards for the elderly in the neighborhood. 她为自己给社区老人手绘的贺卡感到自豪。 • A sense of pride filled her when she saw the stray cat she rescued becoming healthy. 看到自己救助的流浪猫变得健康，她充满了自豪感。 Exercises 1.proudly adv.骄傲地；自豪地；壮观地 → _________ n.骄傲；自豪 → _________adj. 骄傲的 proudly 的同根词的常用短语； （1） be proud of _________（2） filled with pride _________（3） take pride in _________ 2. After saving the lost cat，Tom stood_________(proud) when the cat's owner thanked him. 3. The________(proudly) boy talked about how he helped a lost child find his parents yesterday. 4.这是属于你们的一天，你们应该充满骄傲。 This is your day and you should be_________ _________ _________. 5.fair • It's not fair to blame him for the things he didn'tdo.因为他没做的事而责备他，这是不公平的。 • We need to find a fair solution to this problem.我们需要找到一个合理的办法来解决这个问题。 •They had a great time at the county fair last weekend.上周末他们在县集市上玩得很开心。 • The kids love going to the fair to ride the roller coaster.孩子们喜欢去露天游乐场坐过山车。 Exercises 1.fair adj. 公平的；合理的→ _________ adv. 公平地；相当地 常用短语：（1）fair and square _________（2） fair play _________（3） a fair chance _________（4） a school fair _________ 2. They had fun at the _________(fair) last night, playing games and eating snacks. 3. 我们需要一个公平的规则来解决这个问题。 We need_________ _________ _________ to solve this problem. 6.imagination • Children usually have very rich imagination.孩子们通常有非常丰富的想象力。 • With a little imagination, you can turn this old box into a beautiful shelf. 只要有一点想象力，你就能把这个旧盒子变成一个漂亮的架子。 • The story is full of imagination and takes us to a magical world. 这个故事充满想象，把我们带到了一个神奇的世界。 Exercises 1.imagination n. 想象力；想象 常用短语：（1）rich imagination__________（2） full of imagination __________ （3） beyond imagination__________ 同根词：（1）__________v. 想象；设想（2）__________adj. 富有想象力的 2.With__________(imagine),you can draw a colorful world. 3. 这部电影激发了孩子们的想象力。 This movie__________ __________ __________. Unit 8 Section A 1.compete • She wants to compete in the school piano contest.她想参加学校的钢琴比赛。 • Two teams are competing with each other for the final victory. 两支队伍正在为最终的胜利互相竞争。 • Hundreds of students are competing for the scholarship.数百名学生正在竞争这笔奖学金。 • Our school will hold an English writing competition next month. 我们学校下个月将举办一场英语写作比赛。 Exercises 1.派生词:compete 及相关词形：compete v. 参加比赛；竞争→__________n. 竞争者；参赛者 →__________ n. 比赛；竞赛 常用短语：（1）compete in sth__________（2） compete with/against sb__________ （3） compete for sth__________ 2. There will be a drawing__________(compete) in our class next week. 3. Every__________(compete) is busy preparing for the speech contest. 4.我将和我的同班同学角逐数学一等奖。 I will__________ __________my classmate for the first prize in math. 2.judge • The judge decided to give him a second chance.法官决定给他第二次机会。 • The talent show needs three more judges.这场才艺表演还需要三名裁判。 • We can judge a person by his actions.我们可以通过一个人的行为来判断他。 • I judge him to be honest.我认为他是诚实的。 • From his smile, I judge that he is very happy.从他的笑容来看，我判断他很开心。 Exercises 1.judge v.判断；认定→ __________ n.判断力；看法 judge 可作动词，意为“__________”，也可作名词，意为“__________”。 常用短语有：（1）judge by __________（2） judge from__________ （3） judge sb to be.. __________ 2.Don't judge a person__________his appearance. 3.__________(judge) from the smell, Mom is baking cookies. 4.If you tell AI "Guess if I'm happy today," it will fail to do it because it has no ability__________ (judge) human feelings. 5.我判断我们队会赢得这场比赛。 I__________ __________our team will win the game. 3.advertisement • I saw an advertisement for a pet shop in the street. 我在街上看到一则宠物店的广告。 • The bookstore put an advertisement in the school newspaper. 这家书店在校园报上投放了一则广告。 • The bakery advertises its bread on WeChat. 这家面包店在微信上为它的面包做广告。 • We need to advertise for a housekeeper. 我们需要打广告招聘一名管家。 • This drink company is one of the biggest advertisers on TV. 这家饮料公司是电视上最大的广告客户之一。 Exercises 1.advertisement 广告；启事， 常用短语： （1）put an advertisement in/on sth__________（2）see/find an advertisement for sth__________ 相关词形及短语： （1） __________v. 做广告；宣传；征聘；登广告（2） __________ n. 广告商；广告客户 （3） advertise for sb/sth__________ 2. The community is advertising__________volunteers to clean the park. 3. I saw an__________ (advertise) for pet adoption on the school noticeboard. 4.这家咖啡店在当地报纸上投放了一则广告，招聘兼职人员。 The café__________ __________ __________in the local newspaper to hire part-timers. 4.figure • She performed a beautiful figure on the ice.她在冰上表演了一个漂亮的动作。 • Can you read out this figure？你能大声读出这个数字吗？ • Qian Xuesen is a great figure in Chinese science history. 钱学森是中国科学史上的一位伟大的人物。 • I figure that we should start early tomorrow.我认为我们明天应该早点开始。 • I spent half an hour trying to figure out how to fix my broken bike. 我花了半小时，试图弄清楚怎么修理我坏了的自行车。 Exercises 1.figure 有名词、动词两种词性，作动词时，常用短语：figure out__________ figure 作名词时，常用短语：public figure__________ 2.The__________(figure) on the blackboard is hard to understand. 3. We must__________(figure) out how to solve this problem. 4.我认为他不会来聚会了。 I__________he won't come to the party. 5.amaze • The little boy’s piano playing amazed everyone.这个小男孩的钢琴演奏让所有人都很惊奇。 • My sister amazed me with her hand-drawn card.我妹妹用她手绘的卡片让我很惊喜。 • We saw an amazing sunset by the sea.我们在海边看到了一场令人惊叹的日落。 • She was amazed at the size of the giant pumpkin.她对这个巨型南瓜的大小感到惊奇。 • They were amazed to see their favorite singer at the mall. 在商场看到他们最喜欢的歌手，他们感到很惊讶。 •To my amazement, the small seed grew into a tall tree. 令我惊奇的是，这颗小种子长成了一棵大树。 Exercises 1.amaze 及相关词：amaze v.使惊奇；使惊诧→__________ adj. 令人惊奇的 →__________ adj. 感到惊奇的→__________n. 惊奇 常见短语：（1）be amazed at/by sth__________（2） be amazed to do sth__________（3） amaze sb with sth__________（4） to one's amazement__________（5） in amazement __________ 2.And I suggest you should try the colour therapy. Colours have__________(amaze) power. 3. We were__________(amaze) at how fast the little bird learned to fly. 4. To her__________(amaze),the seed she planted bloomed in three weeks. 5.她双手画画的能力会让你感到惊讶。 Her ability to draw with both hands will__________ __________. 6.truly • Truly speaking, I prefer reading books to watching TV.说实话，比起看电视，我更喜欢看书。 • This is a true story about my pet dog.这是一个关于我宠物狗的真实故事。 • You must tell the truth to your teacher when you make a mistake. 当你犯错时，必须对老师说实话。 • She is always true to her best friend.她对她最好的朋友一直很真诚。 Exercises 1.truly 及相关词形：truly adv. 真正地；诚恳地→__________ adj. 真正的；真实的 →__________ n. 真实；真相；真话 短语：（1）truly speaking__________（2） tell the trut__________（3） be true to sb __________（4） come true__________ 2. It's great to have manyfriends, but it's more important to see clearly who is __________(true) helping you. 3. Honesty is very important.Everyone likes the person who tells the__________(true). 4.诚然，机器人可以做很多事情，比如讲故事、练功夫等等。 __________ __________ __________that robots can do a lot of things, such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on. 7.try out • AI This app looks useful-can you let me try it out? 这个应用看起来有用，你能让我试试吗？ • I want to try out this new pen before buying it.我想在买这支新钢笔前先试用一下。 • Tom practiced hard to try out for the school basketball team. 汤姆努力训练，为参加学校篮球队的选拔。 • She tried on three dresses in the shop, but none fit her. 她在店里试穿了三条裙子，却没有一条合身。 Exercises 1.try out 意为“参加选拔；试用”，是由动词try +副词out构成的固定短语。当宾语是人称代词时，则该人称代词置于 out 之前。 try 相关的短语还有：（1）try on__________（2） try one's best__________（3） try to do sth__________（4） try doing sth__________ 2. This new mobile phone looks useful. The shop assistant let me__________before I bought it. A. try it out B. look it out C. take it out D. put it out 3.尝试那些我们第一眼就不感兴趣的俱乐部可以带来自我发现。 __________ _________clubs that we weren't interested in at first sight can lead to self-discovery. Unit 8 Section B 1.dramatic • The actor's dramatic performance made the audience cheer loudly. 那位演员的激动人心的表演让观众大声欢呼。 • That was the most dramatic moment in the sports meetingour team won the game at the last second. 那是运动会上最出乎意料的时刻—我们队在最后一秒赢得了比赛。 • After the new policy, the company's profits grew dramatically. 新政策实施后，这家公司的利润显著增长。 • Our school will put on a new drama about environmental protection next month. 我们学校下个月将上演一部关于环境保护的新戏剧。 Exercises 1.常用短语：（1）a dramatic change__________（2） a dramatic effect __________ 相关词形：__________ n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件__________adv. 激动人心地；出乎意料地 2.It may sound__________(drama), but it's true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. 3. The small tree in our school has grown__________(dramatic) after the spring rain. 4.参加戏剧活动可以让学生展示自己的才华。 Taking part in __________ __________allows students to show their talents. 2.talented • Lisa is more talented at hand-sewing than her best friend—she can make tiny cloth dolls. 莉萨比她最好的朋友更擅长手工缝纫---她能做迷你布娃娃。 • Jack is talented in environmental science. He often teaches us how to sort waste correctly. 杰克在环境科学领域有才能。他经常教我们如何正确地给垃圾分类。 • Emma is talented at paper folding, and she can fold a paper elephant in one minute. 埃玛擅长折纸，她能在一分钟内折出一头纸大象。 • Our music teacher often invites talented young singers from other schools to share experience. 我们的音乐老师经常邀请其他学校有才华的年轻歌手来分享经验。 Exercises 1.talented（adj. 有才能的；天才的）→__________（n. 才能；才艺） 常用短语 （1） be talented in（+领域 / 学科）__________ （2） be talented at + 具体技能 __________ （3） talented + 名词（如 student/artist/player）__________ （4） be talented at doing sth __________ 2.Students in our class show their different_____(talent),like playing the piano, dancing and so on. 3. My deskmate is talented at__________(fix) the old desks in our classroom. He can make shaky ones steady quickly. 4. Emma is talented __________science inventions. She made a small solar-powered desk lamp. 5.汤姆每天下午练习篮球，所以他擅长投篮。（talented） Tom practices basketball every afternoon, so he becomes__________ __________ shooting. 辨析 talented ①强调“已展现的优秀能力”，（先天禀赋、后天练习均可包含）如：a talented actor 有天赋的演员 talented at design擅长设计 ②程度优秀（比普通水平突出） gifted ①强调“天生具备的潜在能力”，（以先天禀赋为主，后天训练为辅）如：agifted child天才儿童 gifted in music 有音乐天赋 ②程度较优秀（人群中少数有天赋者） genius ①强调“顶尖、突破性的天赋/人才”，（以先天超常规禀赋为核心）如：a math genius数学天才②程度顶尖（行业内极少数，有深远影响） 3.satisfy • The new library satisfies students' needs for quiet reading space. 新图书馆满足了学生对安静阅读空间的需求。 • This affordable smartphone can satisfy most people's daily communication needs. 这款价格实惠的智能手机能满足大多数人日常的通讯需求。 • I am satisfied with my progress in English this term.我对这学期自己在英语上的进步感到满意。 • To our satisfaction, the school will hold a science festival next month. 令我们满意的是，学校下个月将举办科技节。 • The satisfied feeling of finishing a puzzle makes me want to try a harder one. 完成拼图的满足感让我想挑战更难的。 Exercises 1.satisty 及其相关词形：satisty v. 使（某人）满意→__________ adj. 令人满意的 →__________ adj. 感到满意的→__________ n. 满意 常用短语：（1） satisfy one's needs / demands / curiosity__________（2） be satisfied with + 名词 / 代词__________（3） to one's satisfaction __________ 2. Good service always__________(satisfy) customers' needs and makes them want to come back. 3.Mr.John,my uncle, is__________(satisfy) with what the home robot has done for him. 4.这部电影的情节没有让观众满意。 The plot of this movie didn't__________ __________ __________. 5. 令我感到满意的是，所有同学都按时带来了活动道具。 __________ __________ __________,all classmates brought the activity props on time. 4.crowd • A crowd of children is chasing a butterfly in the garden. 一群孩子正在花园里追一只蝴蝶。 • The comedian's funny jokes made the crowd laugh from time to time. 这位喜剧演员的有趣的笑话让观众时不时发笑。 • Crowds of tourists come to visit this ancient town every holiday. 每个假期都有许多游客来参观这座古镇。 • The crowded bus was so full that no one could get on at the next stop. 这辆拥挤的公共汽车太满了，下一站没人能上去。 • The shopping mall is always crowded with people on weekends.周末的购物中心总是挤满了人。 • As soon as the door opened, students crowded into the library to borrow new books. 门一打开，学生们就涌入图书馆借新书。 Exercises 1.crowd 作名词时，表示“__________”，指聚集在一起的许多人，为可数名词，可作主语、宾语；作名词时的常用搭配：a crowd of +可数名词复数表示“__________”；crowds of +可数名词复数表示“__________”; in the crowd表示__________。 相关词：crowd v.聚集→__________adj. 拥挤的 作动词和形容词的常用短语：crowd into__________be crowded with__________ 2. I hold my mom's hand tightly when we walk across the__________(crowd) street during the evening rush hour. 3. The crowd__________(cheer) loudly when our school team scored the final goal. 4.这场钢琴演奏会的观众大多是热爱古典音乐的学生。 __________ __________ __________ __________at the piano recital are students who love classical music. 5.in wonder • The children stared in wonder as the magician made the rabbit disappear from the hat. 当魔术师让兔子从帽子里消失时，孩子们惊奇地盯着看。 • After the rain stopped, we all looked up in wonder at the bright rainbow across the sky. 雨停后，我们都惊奇地抬头望着天空中绚烂的彩虹。 • She opened the birthday box in wonder—she never thought her parents would buy her a new watch. 她惊奇地打开生日盒子—从没想过父母会给她买新手表。 Exercises 1.短语结构为“in +表示抽象的不可数名词（如情绪/感情 /感觉）”，名词前不加不定冠词（a/an）；在句中作方式状语，修饰句中的谓语。 类似短语还有：in surprise__________in fear__________in joy__________ in sorrow__________in anger__________in excitement__________ 大多数此类短语等同于副词，如：in anger=angrily;in excitement=__________; in sorrow=__________ 2.The little girlpointed at the shooting star________ wonder, not knowing what it was. 3.When Tom showed us his hand-made model plane, everyone looked at him in__________ (wonder/wonderful). 4.Seeing the bird fly back, Lisa was surprised to open her eyes wide.（改为同义句） Seeing the bird fly back, Lisa opened her eyes wide__________ __________. 5.雨后，小男孩跪下来，惊奇地看着蜗牛慢慢爬。 After the rain, the little boy knelt down and watched the snail crawl slowly__________ __________. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新人教版九年级上册各单元知识点梳理 Unit1 Section A 1.rough rough 作形容词的一词多义： （1）艰难的（2） 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的 （3） 崎岖的 （4）粗略的 Exercises •The car bumped along the rough mountain road. ______________ •The table has a rough surface. ______________ • She had a rough time after losing her job. ______________ • At a rough estimate, the project will take three months to complete. ______________ 崎岖的； 粗糙的；艰难的；粗略的 2.shortage • There is a shortage of clean water in some areas.一些地区缺乏清洁的水。 • A food shortage during the war forced families to rely on emergency rations. 战争期间的粮食短缺迫使家庭依赖应急配给。 •The boy is short of money to buy books.这个男孩跌钱买书。 Exercises 1.shortage n.意为“______________”，通常作可数名词。 常见搭配：（1）a shortage of..______________ （2）food shortages______________ （3）water shortages______________ 2.形容词形式为short，意为“______________”，be short of意为______________ 。 3.The city is facing a_____________(short) of housing. 4. We are short_____________food and water after the heavy rain flooded our village—we can't go out to buy supplies. 5.杂交水稻极大地助力解决了全球粮食短缺问题。 Hybrid rice greatly helped solve the problem of the_____________ _____________in the world. 1.短缺；缺乏……；食物短缺；用水短缺 2.不足的；缺少 3.shortage 4.of 5.food shortage 3.lack • A lack of sleep can affect your work efficiency.睡眠不足会影响你的工作效率。 • The project lacks sufficient funding to continue.这个项目缺乏足够的资金继续推进。 Exercises 1.lack n. 意为“_____________”，是不可数名词。a lack of..意为_____________。 2.lack还可作动词，意为“_____________”，不用于被动语态。 3.The company had to delay the new product launch due to a _____________of raw materials. 4.我们收到了许多顾客关于缺乏停车设施的投诉。 We received a number of complaints from customers about_____________ _____________ _____________parking facilities. 1.缺乏；缺乏…… 2.缺乏；短缺 3.lack 4. the lack of 4.sandy •The path was covered with sandy soil.小路被沙土覆盖。 •Sand is used to make glass. 沙子用于制造玻璃。 •The children played on the sand.孩子们在沙谁上玩耍。 Exercises 1.sandy adj. 意为“_____________”，是由“sand（n.沙子）＋ y（形容词后缀）”构成的。 2.-y是形容词后缀，表示“充满⋯的、具有⋯特征的”，类似构成的词有： cloud → _____________ 多云的sun → ____________晴朗的rock → ____________多岩石的 3.sand 还可意为“_____________”。on the sand 意为_____________。 4.They walk on the_____________(sand) path. 5.Sandstorms often happen, and the moving_____________（沙子）seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. 6.植树有助于固定沙地并保护环境。 Planting trees can help fix_____________ _____________and protect the environment. 1.铺满沙子的 2.cloudy；sunny ；rocky 3.沙滩；在沙滩上 4.sandy 5.sand 6.sandy land 5.government •The government has announced a new law.政府已宣布一项新法律。 • Local governments are responsible for public services.地方政府负责公共服务。 •The new government policy aims to reduce pollution.新政府政策旨在减少污染。 Exercises 1.government n. 意为“_____________”。集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 2.由 government 构成的常见短语有： （1）in government _____________（2）local government_____________ （3）government policy_____________ 3.government 是由govern（v. 统治；管理）+-ment（名词后缀）构成的名词。类似的词还有：（1） develop → _____________发展（2） improve→_____________改进 4.他在政府办公室工作，每天处理公众服务咨询。 He works in a_____________ _____________, dealing with public service inquiries every day. 5.政府正在制订新计划以保护古建筑。（翻译句子） —————————————————————————————————————— 1.政府 2.执政；地方政府；政府政策 3.development；improvement 4.government office 5. The government is developing new plans to protect ancient buildings. 6.support •Thanks for your support.感谢你的支持。 • My family and friends gave lots of support to me.我的家人和朋友给了我很多支持。 •The wall supports the roof. 这面墙支撑着屋顶。 • We all support you in taking part in the activity.我们都支持你参加这项活动。 • He works hard to support his family.他努力工作供养家人。 Exercises 1.support n.意为“_____________”，是不可数名词。 2.常用搭配： （1） in support of _____________ （2） give/offer support to sb_____________（3） with one's support_____________ 3.support 还可作动词，意为“_____________”。support sb in （doing） sth _____________ 4.在她的老师的支持下，她取得了成功。 She achieved success with_____________ _____________ _____________。 1.支持 2.支持；给予某人支持；在某人的支持下 3.支持；养活；赡养；在某事上支持某人 4.her teacher’s support 7.attraction • We visited all the main tourist attractions in Beijing during our trip. 旅行期间，我们参观了北京所有的主要旅游胜地。 • His attraction to traditional music led him to learn the erhu. 他对传统音乐的热爱促使他学习二胡。 • The beautiful scenery attracts thousands of visitors every year. 美丽的风景每年吸引成千上万的游客。 • Gankeng Hakka Town is very attractive to foreign tourists. 甘坑客家小镇对外国游客极具吸引力。 Exercises 1.attraction n. 意为“_____________”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 2.常见搭配： （1） tourist attractions_____________ （2） attraction to sth/sb_____________ 3.attraction 的相关词：（1）attract v._____________（2）attractive adj._____________ 4. The main_____________cities along the Grand Canal (大运河）is their history and culture. A. attraction B. pollution C. invention D. situation 5. 你能告诉我这座城市的一些旅游胜地吗？ Can you tell me some_____________ _____________ in this city? 1.向往的地方；吸引力 2.旅游胜地；对某物/某人的喜爱 3.吸引；有吸引力的 4.A 5.tourist attractions 8.product • This company sells many popular products.这家公司销售许多受欢迎的产品。 • The new product is popular with young people.这款新产品很受年轻人欢迎。 • Success is the product of hard work.成功是努力工作的产物。 Exercises 1.product n. 意为“_____________”，复数形式是_____________ 2.product 的相关短语： （1） the product of.._____________（2） best-selling product_____________ （3） product quality_____________（4） agricultural product_____________ 3.product 的相关词： （1） produce v._____________n._____________（2） producer n._____________ （2） production n._____________ 4.这些文化差异是历史的产物。 These cultural differences are_____________ _____________ _____________。 5.这个小镇以其农产品而闻名。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.产品；产物；结果；products 2.……的产物/结果；畅销产品；产品质量；农产品 3.produce；producer；production 4.products of history 5. The town is famous for its agricultural products. 辨析 product 可数名词，意为“产品；制品”，指人工制造或加工出来的产品。 produce 不可数名词，意为“产品；（尤指）农产品”指农业或自然产出的产品。 9.greatly • I greatly admire your courage.我非常钦佩你的勇气。 • The two cultures are greatly different in terms of traditions.这两种文化在传统方面有很大差异。 • She is a great scientist.她是一位伟大的科学家。 • His greatness lies in his kindness.他的伟大在于他的善良。 • The team is largely made up of students.团队主要由学生组成。 Exercises 1.greatly adv. 意为“_____________”，常用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，强调程度之深。 2.greatly 的相关词：（1）great adj._____________（2） greatness n._____________ 3.Technology has_____________ (great) improved the performance of modern athletes. 4. My whole ambition is to serve my country and help uphold its_____________(great). 5.锻炼能极大地改善你的健康。 Exercise can_____________ _____________your health. 1.大大地；非常 2.伟大的；伟大 3.greatly 4.greatness 5.greatly improve 辨析 greatly 意为“大大地；非常”，强调程度深，多指抽象的情感、影响、变化。 largely 意为“主要地；在很大程度上”，强调范围广、占比高，多指向具体的构成、原因、范围。 10.socialist •The book explains the core values of socialistculture.这本书阐释了社会主义文化的核心价值 • The socialists in this area are actively promoting environmental protection measures. 这个地区的社会主义者正在积极推动环境保护措施。 • Social skills are important to teenagers. 社交技能对青少年很重要。 • Socialism aims to achieve common prosperity. 社会主义旨在实现共同富裕。 Exercises 1.socialist adj. 意为“_____________”，修饰名词，描述“事物与社会主义的关联”，如制度、国家、政策、理念等。 2.常见搭配： （1） socialist country_____________（2） socialist system_____________ （3） socialist construction_____________ 3.socialist 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.socialist 的词形变化：（1）social adj._____________（2） socialism n._____________ 5. His grandfather was a_____________ (social) who fought for workers' rights. 6.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。 China is a_____________ _____________ and a developing country as well. 1.社会主义的 2.社会主义国家；社会主义制度；社会主义建设 3.社会主义者 4.社会的；社会主义 5. socialist 6. socialist country 11.housing •The charity provides housing for the homeless.该慈善机构为无家可归者提供住房。 •The new housing policy aims to stabilize prices.新的住房政策旨在稳定价格。 • The new dormitory building can house over 1000 students. 这座新的宿舍楼可以住1000多名学生。 Exercises 1.housing n. 意为“_____________”。 2.常见搭配： （1）housing problem_____________（2）housing market_____________ 3.housing 是由house（v._____________）＋-ing 构成的，属于“动词+-ing”转化为名词的构词法。house 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.The government is solving the_____________(house) problem. 5.今年住房市场很火爆。 The_____________ _____________very hot this year. 1.住房；住宅 2.住房问题；住房市场 3.给……提供住处；房子 4.housing 5.housing market 12.track • We followed a narrow track through the forest to the waterfall. 我们沿着一条窄小径穿过森林，前往瀑布。 • Workers have spent three months laying new railway tracks. 工人们花了三个月铺设新铁轨。 • We followed the bear's tracks in the snow. 我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。 • The hunters tracked the deer through the snow. 猎人循着雪地里的痕迹追踪那只鹿。 Exercises 1.track n. 意为“_____________”，是可数名词。railway tracks意为 _____________。 2.track 作名词，还可意为“_____________”，常用复数形式。 3.track 还可作动词，意为“_____________”。 4.我们沿着河边的小径走了一个小时，一路上都在欣赏流水声。 We walked_____________ _____________by the river for an hour, enjoying the sound of flowing water all the way. 1.小路；铁轨 2.足迹；踪迹 3.追踪；跟踪；留下踪迹 4. along the track 13.wide •They came to a wide river.他们来到了一条宽阔的河边。 •The river is 10 meters wide.这条河10米宽。 • He has a wide knowledge of ancient history.他对古代史有广博的知识。 •Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。 • Chinese is used more and more widely around the world.中文在世界各地被越来越广泛地使用。 • What's the width of this table?这张桌子的宽度是多少？ • The road widens just up ahead.再往前一点儿道路就变宽了。 Exercises 1.wide adj. 意为“_____________”，反义词为_____________。比较级为_____________，最高级为_____________。 2.表示“物体的长、宽、高、深”时，表达为“基数词+单位词+形容词（long,wide, high, deep）”或“基数词+单位词＋in + 名词（length, width, height, depth）”。 wide 作形容词，还可意为“_____________”，常用于名词前。wide knowledge意为_____________。 3.wide 还可作副词，意为“_____________”。 4.wide的相关词：（1）widely adv._____________（2） width n._____________ （3） widen v._____________ 5. -Have you heard of DeepSeek? -Certainly. Created by a Chinese company, it has gained_____________ popularity all over the world in just one year. A. narrow B. wide C. slow D. heavy 6. My aunt is a _____________(wide) known writer. 7.消息在全镇广泛传播。 The news _____________ _____________ across the town. 8.我们有了宽阔的街道，所以我们现在外出更容易。 We have_____________ _____________,so we can go out more easily now. 1.宽阔的；narrow；wider；widest 2.广泛的；广博的知识 3.充分地 4. 广泛地；宽度；加宽 5. B 6. widely 7. spread widely 8. wide streets 辨析 wide 作副词，仅用于修饰“与具体空间、物理状态相关的动作或状态”，如 open wide。 widely 仅用于修饰“与抽象范围、认知、分布相关的动作或状态”，如widely used。 14. bring about •The reform brought about great progress in socialwelfare.这项改革为社会福利带来了巨大进步。 •The heavy rain brought about the flood.暴雨导致了洪水。 • He brought up a good idea at the meeting.他在会议上提出了一个好主意。 Exercises 1.bring about 是及物动词短语，意为“_____________”。后必须接宾语。bring about还可意为“_____________”。 2.bring 构成的动词短语还有：（1）bring up_____________（2）bring in_____________（3） bring back_____________（4）bring together_____________ 3. The new policy is expected to_____________significant changes in the education system. A. bring up B. bring about C. bring out D. bring in 4.互联网给交流带来了巨大的变化。 The Internet has _____________ _____________great changes in communication. 1.带来；导致 2.（1）养育；提出 （2）引入；提出；赚得；挣 （3）带回；使回忆起；使想起 （4）使聚集；使团结 3.B 4.brought about 15.be covered with • The ground was covered with snow after the snowstorm. 暴风雪后地面被雪覆盖。 • The mountain is covered with green trees in spring.春天山上长满了绿树。 • The room is filled with the smell of flowers.房间里充满了花香。 Exercises 1.be covered with意为“_____________”，是cover..with..“_____________”的被动结构，其中 cover作动词，意为“_____________”。 2.类似 “be +动词的过去分词+with +名词/代词”的结构还有： （1） be filled with_____________ （2）be connected with _____________ 3.Mount Tai is usually_____________（覆盖）with snow in winter，which is very beautiful. 4. 地球表面约71% 被水覆盖。 About 71 percent of the earth is_____________ _____________water. 1.被……覆盖；遮盖 2.充满；与……相关 3.covered 4.covered with Unit1 Section B 1.link • The newly built highway link connects the industrial park to the downtown area. 新建的高速公路连接线将工业园区与市中心区域连接起来。 • There is a strong link between regular exercise and good health. 规律运动和身体健康之间存在密切联系。 • The new bridge links the two small islands in the lake. 这座新桥连接了湖中的两个小岛。 Exercises 1.link n. 意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：（1）a link between A and B_____________（2）break the link_____________ 2.link还可作动词，意为“_____________”。link A to/with B意为_____________ 3.政府计划修建一条连接这个山村和城市的交通线路。 The government plans to_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ that connects the mountain village and the city. 1.交通路线；A 与B 之间的联系；打破联系 / 纽带 2.连接；将A与B 连接/ 联系起来 3.build a transportation link 2.capital • As the capital of China, Beijing has a long history and rich culture. 作为中国的首都，北京拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。 • Switzerland is considered as the capital of watches and clocks. 瑞士被认为是钟表之都。 • Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. 成都是四川省的省会。 • In English, we use capitals at the beginning of sentences. 英语中，句子开头要用大写字母。 • The company needs more capital to expand its business. 这家公司需要更多资金来扩大业务。 • Please write your name in capital letters. 请用大写字母写你的名字。 Exercises 1.capital n. 意 “_____________”，此外它还可意为“_____________”, the capital of...意为 “_____________”。 2.capital 的其他词义：（1）n._____________（2）adj._____________ 3.纽约不是美国的首都，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区才是。 New York is not the USA,____________ _____________ _____________but Washington D.C.is. 1.首都；省会；……的首都/国都/省会 2. （1）大写字母；资本 （2）大写的3. the capital of 3. benefit •The new policy will benefit low-income familiesdirectly. 新政策将直接使低收入家庭受益。 • Students can benefit a lot from group discussions in class. 学生能从课堂小组讨论中获益良多。 • Regular exercise has many benefits for both physical and mental health. 规律运动对身心健康有诸多益处。 • The new law was passed for the benefit of small businesses. 新法律的通过是为了小型企业的利益。 Exercises 1.benefit v. 意为“_____________”。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 常见搭配： （1）benefit sb/sth_____________（2）benefit from..._____________ （3）benefit by..._____________ 2.benefit还可作名词，意“_____________”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 3.常用搭配： （1） be of benefit to.. _____________（2） for the benefit of sb _____________ 4.beneficial adj._____________ 5. Good sleeping habits are_____________(benefit) to our physical and mental health. 6.广泛阅读将对学生们的词汇量和写作能力有益。 Reading widely will_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________students' vocabulary and writing skills. 7.每年有数百万人参观这座名山，给当地人带来了许多好处。 There are millions of people visiting the famous mountain every year,_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________the local people. 1.使受益；有益于某人/某物；从……中获益；通过……受益 2.益处3.对……有益；为了某人的利益 4.有益的 5.beneficial 6.be of benefit to 7. bringing many benefits to 4.convenient •This supermarket is very convenient.这家超市很方便。 •It's convenient to take the subway to work.乘地铁上班很方便。 • Mobile payment is convenient for us.对我们来说手机支付是便利的。 • The store is conveniently located near the bus stop.这家商店位置便利，位于公交站附近。 • We value convenience when choosing a restaurant.选餐厅时我们看重便利性。 Exercises 1.convenient adj. 意为“_____________”，不能用人作主语。 2.convenient 的常见用法：（1） It's convenient （for sb） to do sth_____________ （2） sth is convenient for sb_____________ 3.convenient 的相关词形：（1）conveniently adv._____________ （2） convenience n._____________（3） inconvenient adj._____________ 4.My____________neighborhood is very because it's near the shopping center and the bus station. A. smart B. peaceful C. friendly D. convenient 5. For_____________(convenient),we can meet at the train station. 6.手机上的地图小程序会让我们的生活更便捷。 Map apps on mobile phones can__________________________. 7.网上订餐很方便。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 1.方便的 2.（对某人来说）做某事是便利的；对某人来说某事/物是便利的3.方便地；方便；不方便的 4.D 5. convenience 6. make our life/lives more convenient 7. It's convenient to order food online. 5.business • She has done business with me for 10 years.她和我做生意已有十年了。 • I know he's your friend, but business is business.我知道他是你朋友，但公事公办。 •It's none of your business. 这不关你的事。 •He went to New York on business.他去纽约出差了。 • Let's stop chatting and get down to business.我们别闲聊了，开始干正事吧。 •She runs a small business.她经营一家小企业。 Exercises 1.business 作不可数名词，意为“_____________”。 常用搭配：（1） do business with... _____________（2） out of business_____________ 2. business 的其他词义： （1） “归（某人）管的事；职责”，常见用法： none of your business _____________have no business doing sth_____________ （2） “商务；公事”，常见搭配： on business_____________get down to business_____________ （3）“公司；企业；商业机构”，为可数名词。常见用法： run a big business_____________ the family business_____________ 3. There are many small_____________(business) in the town. 4. She went to Paris_____________ _____________（出差）and bought a gift for me. 5.这家公司因管理不善而停业了。 The company went_____________ ____________ _____________because of poor management. 6.完成作业是你的事。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.生意；和⋯做生意；停业 2.（1）不关你的事； 无权做某事（2）出差；开始认真做事；着手处理正事（3）经营一家大公司；家族企业 3. businesses 4. on business 5. out of business 6. Finishing homework is your business. 6.ease •She passed the exam with ease.她轻松通过了考试。 • The warm room made Mary feel at ease after the long trip. 长途旅行后，温暖的房间让玛丽感到自在舒适。 • He enjoys a life of ease now that he's retired.由于他已经退休了，所以过着安逸的生活。 •The medicine can ease your pain.这药能缓解你的疼痛。 • English is not easy for everyone.英语对每个人来说并不容易。 •He can finish the work easily.他能轻松完成这项工作。 Exercises 1.ease n. 意为“ _____________”。常见搭配： （1） with ease _____________（2） at ease _____________（3） life of ease _____________ 2.ease 还可作动词，意为“ _____________”。常见搭配： （1） ease pain _____________（2） ease stress _____________ 3.ease 的词形变化：（1）easy adj. _____________（2） easily adv. _____________ 4. The little girl felt _____________ ease in her mother's arms. 5.他轻松地完成下比赛。 He finished the race _____________ _____________. 1.容易；自在（1）轻而易举地（2）自在；放松；不拘束（3）安逸的生活 2.使减轻/缓解；（1）缓解疼痛（2） 减轻压力 3.（1）容易的（2） 容易地 5. at 6. with ease 7.manager •His father is a manager of a hotel in our city.他父亲是我们城市里一家宾馆的经理。 • She wants to become a sports shop manager.她想成为一名体育用品店的经理。 • Within two years, he started to manage the store.不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。 • The new management techniques aim to improve efficiency.新的管理技巧旨在提高效率。 • How did you manage to solve the problem?你是怎么设法解决问题的？ Exercises 1.manager n. 意为“_____________”，是可数名词。 2.manager 的词形变换：（1）manage v._____________（2）management n._____________ 3.manage 还可意为“_____________”, manage to do sth意为_____________。 4. I hear that we will meet a new_____________(manage) soon. 5. 在经理的帮助下，他设法推广了这个 APP的使用。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.经理 2.（1）负责；管理 （2）经营；管理 3.完成困难的事；设法做某事 4. manager 5. With the manager's help, he managed to promote the use of the APP. 8.conclusion • After analyzing all the data, the researchers drew a clear conclusion. 分析完所有数据后，研究人员得出了明确的结论。 • Don't jump to conclusions—we need to hear his side of the story first. 别仓促下结论，我们得先听听他的说法。 • In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone for their support and dedication to this project. 最后，我想感谢所有人对这个项目的支持和付出。 • The movie has a surprising conclusion that no one expected.这部电影有一个很意外的结局，没人预料到。 Exercises 1.conclusion n. 意为“_____________”。conclusion 的常见搭配： （1） draw/reach/come to a conclusion _____________（2） jump to conclusions_____________ （3） in conclusion_____________ 2.conclusion 作名词，还可意“_____________” 3.不要急于下结论，尤其是当你第一次见到某人的时候。 ________________________________,especially when you meet someone only for the first time. 1.总结 ；（1） 得出结论（2）仓促下结论（3）总之（用于总结） 2.结尾；结局 3. Don't jump to conclusions 9.lead •The teacher leads us to think independently.老师引导我们独立思考。 •She leads the team to victory. 她带领团队走向胜利。 • They lead a busy life in the city.他们在城市里过着忙碌的生活。 • Smoking can lead to health problems.吸烟会导致健康问题。 • She took the lead in cleaning the classroom.她带头打扫教室。 •A good leader should listen to others.好的领导者应倾听他人。 • She plays a leading role in the movie.她在电影中扮演主角。 Exercises 1.lead v. 意为“_____________”，常见用法： （1） lead sb to do sth_____________（2） lead sb to.._____________ （2） lead a/an..life_____________ 2.lead 作动词，还可意为“_____________”。lead to 意为“_____________”，后接名词、代词或动名词。 3.lead 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：（1） take the lead_____________（2） in the lead _____________ 4.lead 的相关词：（1）leader n._____________（2）leading adj._____________ 5. Her advice led me_____________ (change) my plan. 6. We all should know that oversleeping leads to_____________(get) fat. 7.他的经历迫使他选择了这个职业。 His experience_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ this career. 1.带领；过（某种生活）；（1） 引导/促使某人做某事（2）带领某人去⋯（3） 过一种……的生活 2.（1）通向；通往 ；（2）通向；导致；引起 3.领先地位；主角；（1） 带头；领先（2）处于领先地位 4.（1）领导者（2） 最好的；最重要的（常用于名词前） 5. to change 6. getting 7. led him to 10.junior • She's ajunior student at this university, majoringin English. 她是这所大学的低年级学生，主修英语。 • He was promoted from junior engineer to senior engineer in just two years. 他仅用两年就从初级工程师晋升为高级工程师。 • The event is open to seniors and juniors in high school. 该活动面向高中高年级和低年级学生。 Exercises 1.junior adj. 意为“_____________”，特指中小学或大学中年级较低的，常用于名词前，反义词为_____________。 2.junior 的常用搭配：（1）junior high school_____________（2） junior student_____________ 3.junior 还可作名词，意为“_____________”。senior也可作名词，意为“_____________”。 4.去年9月王飞上初中了。 Wang Fei started_____________ _____________ _____________last September. 1.低年级的；初级的；senior 2.（1）初中（2） 低年级学生 3.（1）职位较低者；青少年 （2）较……年长的人；上级；高年级学生 4. junior high school 11.discussion •We had a discussion with them about the differences between Britain and the US. 我们和他们讨论了英美两国的不同之处。 • Let's have a discussion about how to solve the problem.我们讨论一下如何解决这个问题吧。 • She was too shy to join in the discussion.她太害羞了，以至于不敢加入讨论。 • The matter is still under discussion between the two companies. 这件事仍在两家公司之间讨论中。 Exercises 1.discussion n. 意为“_____________”，是由“discuss （v.讨论；商量）+-ion（名词后缀）”构成的。 2.由 discussion 构成的短语有： （1） have a discussion with sb_____________（2） have a discussion about sth _____________（3） have/hold a discussion_____________（4） join in a discussion_____________ （5） under discussion_____________ 3.Group_____________(discuss) are a regular part of our study life. 4.The plan is still under_____________（讨论），so we can't make a decision yet. 5.她积极参与讨论并分享了自己的想法。 She actively____________ _____________ _____________ _____________and shared her ideas. 1.讨论 2.（1）和某人讨论（2）关于某事展开讨论（3）发起或组织讨论（4）参与讨论（5）正在讨论中 3. discussions 4. discussion 5. joined in the discussion （6） Unit 2 Section A 1.inspiring •Her story of overcoming illness is really inspiring.她战胜疾病的故事非常令人鼓舞。 • The coach gave an inspiring talk before the game, and the team won. 教练赛前做了激励人心的讲话，然后球队赢了。 • We have been inspired by a speech which was given by Mary！ 我们从玛丽的演讲中受到了启发！ • These events provided the inspiration for his first novel. 这些事件为他的第一部小说提供了灵感。 Exercises 1.inspiring adj. 意为“_____________”。常用于描述人、事、言论等带来的积极影响，既可作定语也可作表语。 2.inspiring 的词形变化：（1）_____________ v. 激励；鼓舞（2）_____________adj. 感到鼓舞的（主语通常是人，描述自身产生的感受）（3）_____________ n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 3. The movie about the young inventor was truly_____________ (inspire). 4. Mir Smith 的演讲非常鼓舞人心，人们忍不住为他鼓掌。(so... that) ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.鼓舞人心的；激励的 2.（1） inspire（2） inspired （3） inspiration 3.inspiring 4. Mr Smith's speech was so inspiring that people couldn't help applauding him. 2.admire • Many students admire Yang Liwei as a hero.许多学生把杨利伟当作英雄来钦佩。 • She admires her math teacher for his patience.她钦佩数学老师的耐心。 • His courage won everyone's admiration.他的勇气赢得了所有人的钦佩。 • She has an admirable ability to solve problems.她有令人钦佩的解决问题的能力。 Exercises 1.admire v. 意为“_____________ ”。同义短语为_____________ 。 常见用法：（1）admire + sb/sth _____________ （2） admire sb for （doing）sth_____________ 2.admire 的词形变化：（1）_____________ n. 钦佩（2）_____________ adj. 令人钦佩的 3. The team made_____________ (admire) efforts to help the community. 4. 从那时起，人们就开始了赏月和与家人分享月饼来庆祝中秋节的传统。 Since then, people have started the tradition of_____________ _____________ _____________ and sharing mooncakes with their family to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. 1.钦佩；赞赏；look up to；赞赏某人/ 某物；钦佩某人/ 某物；因（做）某事钦佩某人2.admiration； admirable 3. admirable 4. admiring the moon 3.chemist • The chemist is researching new medicines.这位化学家在研究新药。 • I need to go to the chemist's for some medicine.我得去药店买些药。 • Our chemistry teacher often shows us interesting reactions in class. 我们的化学老师经常在课堂上给我们展示有趣的反应。 • Chemical reactions can produce heat.化学反应会产生热量。 Exercises 1.chemist n. 意为“_____________”，可数名词，复数形式_____________。 2.chemist 作名词，还可意为“_____________”。 常见搭配：at the chemist’s_____________；chemist’s shop_____________。 3.chemist 的词形变化： （1）chemistry n._____________ chemistry experiment_____________ （2）chemical adj.____________chemical reaction____________chemical plant____________ 4. This young____________（化学家） has made an important discovery about environmental pollution. 5. The____________(chemistry) plant produces plastics and dyes（染料）. 6.为了学习化学，他把钱存起来买书。 In order to ____________ ____________，he saved money to buy books. 7.那位化学家正在实验室里做一项重要的实验。（翻译句子） ________________________________________________________________________ 1.化学家；chemists 2.药剂师；药店；常见搭配：在药店；药店。 3.（1）化学；化学实验；（2）化学的；化学反应；化工厂 4. chemist 5. chemical 6. study chemistry 7. That chemist is doing an important experiment in the lab. 4.physicist • Einstein was a famous physicist who developed the theory of relativity. 爱因斯坦是著名的物理学家，提出了相对论。 • Tom has learnt about gravity and energy in physics class. 汤姆已经在物理课上学习了重力和能量。 • We did a fun physics experiment to see how light bends through a glass of water. 我们做了一个有趣的物理实验，观察光如何透过一杯水发生折射。 • We have physical education class three times a week.我们每周上三次体育课。 • Regular exercise helps keep you physically fit.规律运动有助于保持身体健康。 Exercises 1.physicist n. 意为“____________”。 2.physicist 的词形变化： （1）___________ n. 物理；物理学have physics ___________physics experiment____________ （2）__________adj. 物理的；体能的physical education__________physical change__________ （3）___________adv. 身体上 3. Blowing up a balloon causes a___________(physics) change. 4. 下周二的物理课，我们会学习有关能量的知识。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 1.物理学家 2.（1） physics ；上物理课；物理实验 （2） physical ；体育；物理变化（3） physically 3. physical 4. We will learn about knowledge related to energy in the physics class next Tuesday. 5.hunger •In the old days, some people died of hunger inwinter. 在过去，有些人在冬天死于饥饿。 • Many children suffer from hunger during the war.战争期间许多孩子遭受饥饿。 • His hunger for knowledge made him read every book in the library. 他对知识的渴望让他读遍了图书馆的书。 • Young athletes often hunger for victory on the nationalstage. 年轻运动员常常渴望在全国赛场上取得胜利。 • I always feel hungry an hour before dinner.我总是在晚饭前一小时感到饥饿。 •The dog stared hungrily at the bone.狗饥饿地盯着骨头。 Exercises 1.hunger n. 意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 常见搭配：（1）die of hunge___________（2） suffer from hunger___________ 2.hunger 作名词，还可意为“___________”，a hunger for sth ___________。 3.hunger 还可作动词，意为“___________”, hunger for/after sth___________。 4.hunger 的词形变化：（1）___________ adj.饥饿的；渴望的___________感到饥饿 ___________渴望（2）___________adv. 饥饿地；渴望地 5. The old man suffered from___________（饥饿）after losing his job. 6. The students are___________ (hunger) for knowledge, always asking questions in class. 7. She read the letter ___________(hungry), hoping for good news from her family. 8.年轻人应渴望新的经历。 Young people should___________ ___________ ___________new experiences. 9.那个小男孩哭了，因为他的饥饿让他虚弱得站不起来。（hunger） _____________________________________________________________________________ 1.饥饿；（1） 死于饥饿（2）遭受饥饿 2.渴望； 对某物的渴望。 3.渴望；渴望得到某物。 4.（1）hungry ；feel hungry ；be hungry for （2） hungrily 5. hunger 6. hungry 7. hungrily 8. be hungry for 9. The little boy cried because his hunger made him too weak to stand. 6.discovery • The discovery of fire changed human history.火的发现改变了人类历史。 • The team made a new discovery about ancient animals.这个团队在古生物方面有了新发现。 • Scientific discoveries help us understand the world better.科学发现帮助我们更好地理解世界。 • X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. X 射线是由德国科学家威廉•康拉德 •伦琴首次发现的。 • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.贝尔发明了电话。 Exercises 1.discovery n. 意为“___________”，既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。意为“___________”时，是不可数名词，意为“___________”时，是可数名词。 2.discovery 的常见搭配： （1） the discovery of...___________（2） make a discovery ___________ （3） scientific discovery ___________ 3. discovery 的词形变化：（1）___________v. 发现（2）___________ n. 发现者 4.The___________(discover) of electricity changed how people live. 5. 20世纪抗生素的发现对我们产生了巨大的影响。 ___________ ___________ ___________antibiotics in the 20th century has made a great difference to us. 辨析 discover “发现”，指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西。 invent “发明，创造”，指创造发明出新的，原来并不存在的东西。 1.发现；发现的行为；被发现的事物 2.（1）……的发现（2） 有发现（3）科学发现 3.（1） discover （2） discoverer 4. discovery 5. The discovery of 7.century •The 19th century saw great changes in industry，like the invention of the steam engine. 19世纪见证了工业领域的巨大变革，比如蒸汽机的发明。 • It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century. 自二十世纪初以来，它就以它的剧院而闻名。 •He was born in the 1990s.他出生在二十世纪九十年代。 Exercises 1.century 为可数名词，意为“___________”，复数形式为___________。 2.常见用法： （1） the + 序数词 + century ……世纪 如：19世纪___________ （2） in the early/middle/late + 序数词+ century 在⋯世纪初期/ 中期/ 晚期 如：19世纪中期___________ （3） the +年份+-s⋯⋯世纪⋯⋯年代 如：19世纪80年代___________ 3.Broadway has been famous for its theatres for more than___________(a period of 100 ayears). 4.21世纪充满了机遇。（full of） ______________________________________________________________________ 1.世纪；centuries 2. （1） the 19th century （2） in the middle 19th century （3）in the 1880s 4. century 5. The 21st century is full of chances. 8.wounded •The wounded bird couldn't fly.受伤的鸟无法飞行。 •The hospital treated the wounded after the accident.事故后医院救治了伤员。 • He was badly wounded in the leg.他的腿伤得很重。 •The arrow wounded his chest. 箭伤了他的胸部。 Exercises 1.wounded adj. 意为“___________”，既可作定语也可作表语。 常见搭配：（1）the wounded ___________ （2） be/get seriously/badly/slightly wounded ___________ wounded 还是动词wound 的过去式和过去分词，意为“___________”。 2.He got___________(wound) in the accident yesterday. 3.医生和护士们正在尽全力救治医院里受伤的士兵。 The doctors and nurses are trying their best to save the___________ ___________in the hospital. 1.受伤的；负伤的；（1）伤员；伤兵（2） 受重/ 轻伤；wounded 3. wounded 4. wounded soldiers 9.spread • The spread of online learning has changed education.在线学习的普及已经改变了教育。 •The virus spreads easily among children.这种病毒在儿童中容易传播。 •Don't spread false news online. 不要在网上传播虚假消息。 • The city spreads across two sides of the river.这座城市横跨河的两岸。 Exercises 1.spread n. 意为“___________”，the spread of___________。 2.spread 还可作动词，意为“___________”。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。过去式、过去分词均为___________。 3.spread 作动词的常见搭配： （1） spread sth___________（2） spread over/across ___________（3） spread out___________ 4.消息的迅速传播让镇上的每个人在一小时内就知道了这件事。 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the news made everyone in the town know about the event within an hour. 5.火势蔓延到了森林。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 1.传播；散布；……的传播 2.传播；散布；spread 3.（1） 传播/ 散布某物（2） 覆盖 / 遍布（3）展开；铺开；分散 4. The quick spread of 5. The fire spread to the forest. 10.disease • Heart disease is more common in the elderly.心脏病在老年人中更常见。 • He caught a rare disease when travelling.他旅行时感染了一种罕见疾病。 • Washing hands can help prevent diseases.洗手有助于预防疾病。 • He took care of his diseased mother at home.他在家照顾患病的母亲。 • She missed school because of illness.她因为生病没去上学。 Exercises 1.disease n. 意为“___________”。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，复数形式为__________。 2.disease 的常见搭配： （1） catch/have a disease___________（2） prevent a disease___________（3） spread a disease ___________（4） a deadly/serious disease ___________ 3. diseas的词形变化：___________ adj. 患病的；有害的 4.吃健康的食物有助于预防疾病。 Eating healthy food helps___________ ___________ . 辨析 disease 强调“生理/病理异常”，即医学上可诊断的 “客观疾病状态”（有明确病理基础）。 illness 强调“个人主观感受”，即疾病引发的“不适、痛苦或功能受限”，更侧重“生病的感受”或过程（主观体验）。 1.疾病；diseases。 2.（1） 感染 / 患有疾病（2）预防疾病（3）传播疾病（4）致命 / 严重的疾病 3.diseased 4.prevent diseases 11.balance • Physical balance is key for athletes.身体平衡对运动员很关键。 • The plan aims to keep a balance between cost and quality. 该计划旨在在成本与质量之间保持平衡。 • We need to balance the advantages and disadvantages.我们需要权衡利弊。 • A balanced diet includes fruit, vegetables and grains.均衡饮食包括水果、蔬菜和谷物。 Exercises 1.balance n. 意为“___________”，常见搭配： (1) keep a balance between... and...___________(2) a balance of...___________ (3)lose one’s balance___________ 2.balance 还可作动词，意为“___________”。balance ……with/and___________ 3.balanced 是形容词，意为“___________”，a balanced diet ___________。 4.多吃蔬菜、少吃肉有助于保持饮食与健康之间的良好平衡。 Eating more vegetables and less meat helps_________________________________. 5.均衡饮食提供所有必需的营养。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 1.平衡 (1) 使⋯与⋯保持平衡 (2) ……的平衡（3）失去平衡 2.保持平衡；使⋯与⋯保持平衡。 3.均衡的；均衡饮食 4. keep a good balance between diet and health 5. A balanced diet provides all necessary nutrients. 12.courage • No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。［谚语］ • Failure is the mother of success. Take your courage.失败是成功之母，鼓起你的勇气来。 • Tom finally had the courage to apologize for his mistake.汤姆终于有勇气为他的错误道歉了。 • She never lost courage even when she faced repeated failures. 即便遭遇多次失败，她也从未失去勇气。 Exercises 1.courage n. 意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 courage 的常见短语：（1）take courage___________（2） have the courage to do sth___________（3）lose courage___________（4）lack courage___________ 2. —What can you learn from Journey to the West? —I learn that we should have enough___________ to overcome the difficulties in our life. A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement 3.当我们失败时，我们不应该失去勇气和信心。 When we fail, we shouldn't___________ ___________and confidence. 1.勇气；勇敢；（1）鼓起勇气（2） 有勇气做某事（3）失去勇气（4）缺乏勇气 2. C 3. lose courage 13.brave • It's brave of you to help the old man.你帮助老人很勇敢。 • Are you brave enough to climb the mountain? 你足够勇敢去爬山吗？ • The firemen braved the flames to rescue the family.消防员们冒着火焰营救那家人。 • He fought bravely in the battle. 他在战斗中勇敢作战。 • His actions showed great bravery.他的行为展现了极大的勇敢。 Exercises 1.brave adj. 意为“___________”，既可作定语也可作表语，常用来修饰人。 be brave to do sth ___________ 2.brave 可作名词，the brave，意“___________”。 3.brave 还可作动词，意为“___________”。 4.brave的词性变化：(1)___________ adv. 勇敢地 (2) ___________ n.勇敢 5.His___________(brave) in the earthquake moved everyone around. 6.Zhang Hua saved a boy out of a fire yesterday. What a___________ young man! A. shy B. brave C. funny D. modest 7.你为被欺负的孩子挺身而出，真勇敢。 It's___________ ___________ ___________to stand up for the bullied kid. 1.勇敢的；无畏的；勇敢地做某事 2.勇敢的人 3.勇敢面对；经受（困难）4.（1）bravely (2) bravery 5. bravery 6. B 7. brave of you 14. necessary • I find it necessary to take notes in class.我发现在课堂上记笔记是有必要的。 • Her illness made it necessary for her to stay at home.她的病使她有必要待在家里。 •Call me if necessary. 如果有必要，给我打电话。 • It's necessary for students to follow school rules.对学生来说，遵守校规是必要的。 • It's necessary that he (should) learn to manage time.他有必要学会管理时间。 Exercises 1.necessary adj. 意为“___________”，只能用来修饰物，不能修饰人。 2.necessary 的常见用法：(1) be necessary for.. ___________(2) make it necessary (for sb) to do sth___________(3) if necessary = if it is necessary ___________(4) It is necessary (for sb) to do sth___________（5） It is necessary + that 从句（that 从句中常用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，表虚拟语气） 3. 我们有必要每天练习说英语。 It's necessary that___________ ___________ speaking English every day. 4.向父母倾诉我们的烦恼是非常必要的。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 1.必要的；必需的 2.（1）对……是必要的 (2)使（某人）有必要做某事 （3）如果有必要 (4) （对某人来说）做某事是有必要的。 3. we practice 4. It's very necessary to pour out our troubles to our parents. 15.western •Many people like travelling to western China.很多人喜欢去中国西部旅行。 • There are many differences between Eastern and Western cultures. 东西方文化之间存在许多差异。 Exercises 1.western adj. 意为“___________”，通常作定语。 2.western 作形容词，还可意为“西方国家的”。常写作 western。 表示方位的名词加后缀-ern，可构成相应的形容词： west（西方）→ western（西方的） east（东方）→ ___________（东方的） south（南方）→___________（南方的）north（北方）→ ___________（北方的） 3.The Chinese calendar is different from the one in___________(west) countries, 4.如果你想欣赏西方艺术，不要错过当地剧院。 If you want to___________ ___________ ___________,don't miss the local theatre. 1.西方国家的 2. eastern；southern；northern 3. western 4. enjoy Western art 16.drop out（of sth） • The documentary tells the story of teens who dropped out of school and made their efforts to rebuild their lives.这部纪录片讲述了辍学青少年努力重建生活的故事。 • She dropped out of the competition due to her illness.她因生病退出了比赛。 • He dropped his friend off at the library.他顺路把朋友送到了图书馆。 • If you're in the neighborhood, feel free to drop by.要是你在附近，随时可以顺路过来坐坐。 Exercises 1.drop out （of sth） 意为“___________”。宾语多为“学校、课程、比赛、组织”等，drop out of school___________。其中 drop 作动词，意为“___________”。 2.含 drop 的其他常见短语：（1） drop off ___________（2） drop by___________ （3）drop in on sb___________（4）drop in at sp___________ 3. Tom___________of college because he wanted to start his own business. A. dropped out B. dropped off C. dropped by D. dropped in 4.那个男孩因内生病不得不辍学。 The boy had to___________ ___________ ___________school because of his illness. 1.（1）辍学；不再参加；（2）辍学（3）放弃，停止 2.（1）顺路送；让……下车（2）顺便访问（3） 顺便拜访某人（4）顺便走访某地 3.A 4.drop out of 17.look up to sb • She looks up to her elder sister as a role model.她把姐姐当作榜样来敬仰。 • She looked up to the sky and noticed a flock of birds flying south. 她拾头看向天空，发现一群鸟儿正往南飞。 •Look out for the sharp corner！小心那个尖角！ •Never look down on others.永远不要轻视他人。 Exercises 1.look up to 意为“__________”，相当于_________。to 是介词，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 look up to 还可意为“___________”。 2.look 的其他常用短语：look back at__________look for___________look out for___________ look after___________look up___________look forward to___________ look down on/upon___________ 3. Wang Yaping is a great woman who can stick to her dreams. I really look___________to her. 4. 我钦佩那个人，因为他有极大的勇气。 I___________ ___________ ___________the man because of his great courage. 1.钦佩；仰慕；admire；仰起头看 2. 回顾；寻找；当心/提防⋯；照顾；查阅；期待；看不起、轻视 3.up 4.look up to 18.come true •His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.他当医生的梦想最终实现了。 • She achieved her dream of opening a small bookstore.她实现了她开一家小书店的梦想。 不能说 come true one's dream， 而是要表达为 one's dream will come true。 辨析 come true 不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，其主语一般是表示希望、愿望、梦想等的词。 make one's dream come true = achieve one's dream = realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 achieve 及物动词，其主语通常是人，宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的等，也可以是“达到”的胜利、成功、地位等。 Exercises 1.Sally 去北京的愿望去年夏天实现了。 Sally's wish to go to Beijing___________ ___________ ___________last summer. 1.came true Unit2 Section B 1.scientific • It's scientific for him to test the idea.他验证这个想法的做法是科学的。 • Science is my favorite subject.科学是我最喜欢的学科。 • Many scientists study climate change.许多科学家研究气候变化。 Exercises 1.scientifc adj.意为“___________”。a scientific experiment___________。 2.scientific 的词形变化：（1）___________ n. 科学（2）___________ n.科学家 3.We were all filled with admiration for his greatest__________ (science)achievement of the decade. 4. With hard work, you can realize your dream of becoming a___________（科学家）. 5.大明喜欢化学。他觉得做科学实验很有趣。 Daming likes chemistry. He feels it interesting to do___________ ___________. 1.科学（上）的；科学实验 2.（1） science （2） scientist 3. scientific 4. scientist 5. scientific experiments 2.collection • A collection of old coins was donated to the museum. 一批古硬币被捐赠给了博物馆。 • The collection of data took three months.数据收集花了三个月。 • Clouds are collecting. It may rain.云在聚集，可能要下雨。 • She collects dolls as a hobby.她以收集玩偶为爱好。 • Antique collectors often visit this shop.古董收藏者常来这家店。 Exercises 1.collection n. 意为“___________”，是可数名词。还可意为“___________”，是不可数名词。 2.collection的常见搭配：（1） a collection of + 名词___________ （2） art collection___________（3） stamp collection___________ 3.collection 的相关词：（1）___________v. 收集（2）___________ n. 收藏家；收集者 4. The painting comes from his private___________(collect). 5. She___________（收集）many beautiful postcards from different countries so far. 6. Every weekend, my little cousin enjoys___________(collect) smooth pebbles by the river to decorate her desk. 7.我爷爷的一套老邮票整齐地放在木盒里，每一张都承载着他年轻时的一段小故事。 ___________ ___________ ___________my grandpa's old stamps sits neatly in a wooden box, each telling a small story from his youth. 1.（1）收集物；收藏品（2）收集；收藏 2.（1） 一套/一批⋯⋯（2）艺术收藏品（3）集邮 3.（1）collect （2） collector 4. collection 5. has collected 6. collecting 7. A collection of 3.exploration • China has made great progress in space exploration in recent years. 中国近年来在太空探索领域取得了巨大进展。 • This research project focuses on the exploration of renewable energy resources. 这个研究项目聚焦于可再生能源的探索。 • They plan to explore the deep forest in South America next year. 他们计划明年去南美洲的茂密森林探索。 • The famous explorer Marco Polo traveled to China in the 13th century. 著名探险家马可•波罗在13世纪前往中国旅行。 Exercises 1.exploration n.意为“___________”，是由explore (v.探索）去e+ -ation（名词后缀）构成的。 2.exploration 的常见搭配： （1） space exploration ___________（2） scientific exploration ___________ 3.exploration的词形变化：___________n. 探险者 4.He is a great___________(explore) who has discovered many unknown lands. 5.火星的探索比月球的探索更具有挑战性，因为火星远得多。 ___________ ___________ ___________Mars is more challenging than that of the Moon because it's much farther away. 1.探索 2.（1）太空探索（2）科学探索 3.explorer 4. explorer 5. The exploration of 4.kindness • Her kindness made everyone feel warm.她的善良让每个人都感到温暖。 • He has done many kindnesses for others.他为别人做了许多善事。 • Let's show kindness to everyone we meet today.让我们对今天遇到的每一个人都表现出善意。 She always tries to return kindness to those who helped her. 她总是努力把善意回馈给那些帮助过她的人。 Exercises 1.kindness n. 意为“___________”，是由“kind （adj. 善良的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成的。一般用作不可数名词。其反义词为 ___________。表示多个善举时，可写作___________. 2.由kindness 构成的短语有：show kindness___________return kindness___________with kindness___________out of kindness___________ 3.-ness 为名词后缀，表示“…的性质（或状态、特点）”，一些形容词加后缀-ness 可构成名词。 ill→ ___________疾病 shy→ ___________羞怯 sad→ ___________悲痛happy→___________幸福；快乐 4.Her___________(kind) made the lonely old man smile. 5.善良无需花费，却意义非凡。 ___________ ___________ ___________，but means everything. 1.善良；unkindness；kindnesses. 2.表示善意；回报善意；友善地；出于善意 3. illness ；shyness ；sadness ；happiness 4. kindness 5. Kindness costs nothing 5.leave behind • I left my keys behind at home.我把钥匙忘在家里了。 • The team left their opponents far behind.这支队伍把对手远远甩在后面。 • Don't leave out any important details.不要遗漏任何重要细节。 • They will leave for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天将动身去北京。 • Leave her alone—she needs some space.别打扰她，她需要一些空间。 Exercises 1.leave behind 意为“___________”，后可接宾语。 2.由leave 构成的其他短语：（1）leave out___________（2） leave for___________ （3）leave..alone ___________ 1.留下；遗留 2.（1）遗漏；省略（2）动身前往（3）不打扰；别碰 6.live on • The hero's story has lived on for hundreds of years.这位英雄的故事已经流传了数百年。 • Pandas live mainly on bamboo.熊猫主要以竹子为食。 • Her grandparents live on a small pension after retiring.她的祖父母退休后靠微薄的退休金生活。 •They live in a small town.他们住在一个小镇。 live on 的一词多义：（1）继续存在；继续活着（2）以⋯食（3）靠……生活 Exercises 1.含live 的其他常见词组：（1）live a..life___________（2）live by...___________ （3）live in___________ 2. These old stories___________ ___________（继续存在）in the village because the elders often tell them to children. 3. 这个传统在我们家已经流传了好几代人。 This tradition has___________ ___________for generations in our family. 1.（1）过⋯的生活 (2) 靠⋯过活 （3）居住在⋯（地方）2.live on 3.lived on 7.above all • Be kind, work hard, and above all, stay honest.要善良，努力工作，最重要的是保持诚实。 • Don't be too hard on him-he's a child after all.别对他太苛刻，他毕竟是个孩子。 • The trip cost $200 in all.这次旅行总共花费了200美元。 • He doesn't like playing sports at all.他根本不喜欢做运动。 • First of all, let's review the new words.首先，让我们复习一下新单词。 • All in all, we should balance study and rest.总而言之，我们应该平衡学习和休息。 Exercises 1.above all副词短语，意为“___________ ”，可位于句首，句中。 2.由 all 构成的其他短语： （1） after all___________ （2） in all ___________ （3） not at all ___________ （4）first of all ___________ （5） all in all___________ 3.—We should give the elderly there as much help as we can. —l agree.___________,we hould keep in touch with them as often as we can. A. Above all B. In all C. After all D. At all 4.最重要的是，我们应当让孩子们远离危险。 ___________ ___________ ,we should keep the children away from danger. 1.最重要的是；尤其是2.（1） 毕竟；终归（2）总计（3） 一点也不；根本不（用于否定句）（4）首先 （5）总之 3.A 4.Above all Unit 3 Section A 1.suit •The dress suits her well.这条裙子很适合她。 • Reading texts in the morning suits our daily learning needs very well. 早上读课文非常契合我们日常的学习需求。 • This plan suits our needs perfectly.这个计划完全满足我们的需求。 •He wears a black suit to work. 他穿黑色西装去上班。 • This book is suitable for children.这本书适合儿童。 •The place is suitable to relax.这个地方适合放松。 •The shirt fits him. 衬衫他穿着合身。 Exercises 1.suit（v. 适合）→ ___________ （adj. 合适的） 2.由 suit 构成的短语有：（1）suit sb 适合某人（2） suit one's needs 满足某人的需求 suit n. ___________ 3.suitable 的常用短语：be suitable for___________。 suit的近义词为___________，但suit 侧重“风格、颜色等匹配”；fit侧重“尺寸、大小合身”。 4. Studying with short breaks is often___________(suit) for keeping a clear mind. 5.但是记住要选择最适合你的方法。 But remember to choose the ones that___________ ___________ ___________. 1.suitable 2.套装 3.适合⋯⋯；fit 4.suitable 5.suit you best 2.speed • The car is moving at high speed.汽车在高速前行。 • The plane flies at a speed of 800 km/h.飞机以每小时800公里的速度飞行。 • He sped along the road to catch the bus.他沿着马路快速前行去赶公交车。 • The car speeded up when the traffic light turned green.交通信号灯变绿时，汽车加速了。 Exercises 1.speed 有名词和动词两种词性。 speed 作名词时，常用短语有： （1） at high/low/full speed ___________（2） at a speed of + 数值 ___________ speed 作动词时，常用短语有： （1） speed along.. ___________（2） speed up ___________（反义短语为___________减速） 2.The boat___________(speed) along the river under the bright sun. 3.火车以每小时350公里的速度行驶。 The train travels at___________ ___________ ___________350 kilometers per hour. 1.（1）以高/低/ 全速（2） 以……的速度 2.（1）沿着⋯快速前行（2）加速；slow down 3.sped 4.a speed of 3.zero • The temperature dropped to zero last night.昨晚气温降到了零度。 • He got zero in the math test because he didn't answer any questions. 他数学考了零分，因为任何题都没答。 • There's zero chance of rain today—look at the blue sky！今天下雨的可能性为零——看蓝天！ • He learned English from zero and now can speak it fluently. 他从零开始学英语，现在能流利地说了。 • Our school has zero tolerance for bullying.我们学校对欺凌行为采取零容忍态度。 Exercises 1.zero 指数字符号“0”，或人/ 物的数量、温度、分数等为“零”的状态，是基础数字概念。 zero 还指某事物的程度达到“最低极限”。 相关短语：drop to zero___________zero chance___________from zero___________ below zero___________zero tolerance___________zero hour___________ 2.判断下列句子中 zero 的含义，将序号填在括号内（①数字“零”；②最低程度/毫无） (1) The little boy can count from zero to ten now. ___________ (2) There's zero chance that we can finish the work today. ___________ (3) The thermometer showed zero degrees Celsius this morning.___________ 3.以前我的英语很差，但我从零开始学习，最终取得了很大进步。 My English was poor before, but I studied___________ ___________ and finally made great progress. 1. 降到零；可能性为零；从零开始；零下；零容忍；行动开始时间；零时 2.①；②；① 3.from zero 4.actively • She actively takes part in class discussions.她积极参与课堂讨论。 • He is active in sports.他在体育活动中很活跃。 • We have many after-school activities.我们有很多课后活动。 • The team worked actively to finish the project.团队积极工作以完成项目。 • He is actively preparing for the exam.他正在积极准备考试。 • He always thinks positively even when he is facing difficulties. 即使面对困难，他也总是乐观地思考。 Exercises 1.active（adj.积极的；主动的）→___________（adv.积极地）→___________（n. 活动） 2.相关短语：（1）work actively___________(2) actively participate in / join in / take part in...___________（3） actively study___________（4）actively cooperate___________ 3.They work___________（积极地）to finish the project before the deadline. 4. My brother is an___________（活跃的）member of the basketball team. 5. We have many outdoor___________(active) every weekend. 6. 我们在小组学习中应该积极参与讨论，这样能学到更多。 We should________________participate in discussions during group study, so we can learn more. 辨析 actively 侧重“行动上的积极主动”。 positively 侧重“态度上的肯定或乐 1.actively；activity 2.（1）积极工作 (2) 积极参加 （3）主动学习（4）积极合作 3.actively 4.active 5.activities 6. actively 5.correct •Your opinion is correct.你的观点是正确的。 • You are correct in choosing this book.你选这本书是对的。 • What's the correct way to solve this problem?解决这个问题的正确方法是什么？ • Can you use the tool correctly?你能正确使用这个工具吗？ • The teacher helps us correct spelling mistakes.老师帮助我们纠正拼写错误。 Exercises 1.cotrrect（adj.正确的）→___________（adv.正确地）→___________（n. 正确性） 2.相关短语：（1）be correct in doing sth___________ （2） the correct answer/way/method ___________ 3.correct还可以作动词，意为“___________”。 4.She answered all the questions___________ (correct). 5.老师检查了数学答案的正确性。 The teacher checked the the___________ ___________the math answer. 辨析 correct （adj.正确的v.纠正）强调“符合标准、规则或事实”，更正式。 right （adj. 对的n. 权利）侧重“道德、伦理或主观判断的正确性”，更口语化。 1.correctly ；correctness 2.（1）做某事是正确的（2） 正确的答案/ 方式/方法 3.纠正 4. correctly 5. correctness of 6.method • Scientists use the scientific method to test hypotheses.科学家用科学方法验证假设。 • This software provides a new method of data analysis.这款软件提供了一种新的数据分析方法。 • There are many ways to solve this problem.解决这个问题有很多方法。 • She has her own way of doing things.她有自己做事的方式。 • Email is an important means of communication.电邮是一种重要的交流方式。 Exercises 由method 构成的短语有： （1）a scientific method___________（2）a method of doing sth___________ 2. You can use different___________ (method) to help you remember information. 3. Mike has his method ___________(do) this experiment while l have mine. 4.她借助一条小船过了河。She crossed the river by___________ ___________ a small boat. 辨析 method 强调系统性、步骤化、条理性的方法，与withmethod搭配。使用场合大多为科学、学术等。如：with this method 用这种方法。 way 强调通用、灵活的方式，与in搭配。使用场合较日常、口语化。如：in this way 用这种方法。 means 强调具体的手段或工具，常与by 搭配，且单复数同形。常用于交通、通讯等。如：by means of借助⋯手段。 1.一个科学方法；做某事的一种方法 2.. methods 3. to do 4. means of 7.build up • Little by little, he built up his vocabulary.他逐渐积累了词汇量。 • Swimming helps build up your strength.游泳有助于增强你的体质。 • We need to build up a strong team to finish this school project. 我们需要创建一个强大的团队来完成这个学校项目。 Exercises 1.build up 是“动词+副词”结构，其宾语若为人称代词，则要置于 build 与 up 之间。后接抽象名词（如 confidence、relationship） 或具体事物（如business、army），表示“通过持续努力逐渐增强或建立”。 类似结构的短语还有： （1） set up___________（2） put up___________（3） take up ___________ 2.-To tell you the truth, I don't want to join in the singing competition. -Come on. You just need more practice to___________ your confidence. A. look up B. build up C. put up D. take up 3.我们应该参加体育锻炼，增强体质。 We should take part in physical exercises and our___________ ___________strength. 1.（1） 建立；开办；安排（2）张贴；建造（3） 开始从事；占据（时间 / 空间） 2.B 3.build up Unit 3 Section B 1.guidance •Under the guidance of the coach, the players improved their skills. 在教练的指导下，球员们提高了他们的球技。 • The career center provides guidance for students about job-hunting. 职业中心为学生提供求职方面的指导。 • When facing difficulties, he always seeks guidance from his teacher. 面对困难时，他总是向老师寻求指导。 • The local hunter guided us through the forest.当地猎人带领我们穿过森林。 Exercises 1.guidance 常用短语： （1） under the guidance of ___________（2） provide guidance___________ （3） seek/look for guidance from..___________ 2.相关词：___________v.引导；指导；向导 guide sb （to/through/around sth） ___________ 3. We should be thankful to our teachers for their___________ (guide) and knowledge. 4. The master guided them in writing this classic novel.（改为同义句） They wrote this classic novel___________ ___________ ___________of the master. 5. 孩子们需要寻求家长的指导来使用刀具。 Children need to___________ ___________ ___________ their parents to use the knife. 1.（1） 在⋯的指导下（2）提供指导（3）从……寻求指导 2.guide ；给某人领路（或导游）；指引 3. guidance 4. under the guidance 5. seek guidance from 2.advantage • We should take advantage of every chance to practice English. 我们应该利用每一个机会来练习英语。 • Is there any advantage in getting there early? 早到那里是否有利？ • Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantage.这些系统各有其优缺点。 • Computers have an advantage over humans in fast calculations. 计算机在快速计算方面比人类有优势。 • Studying abroad might not work to her advantage in her career. 出国留学未必对她的职业发展有利。 • Playing sports helps gain the advantage of better health. 运动有助于获得更好的健康。 Exercises 1.advantage n. 优势→___________n. 劣势 相关短语：（1） take advantage of ___________（2） have an advantage over sb/sth___________（3） be/work to one's advantage___________（4） gain/have the advantage of___________ 2.请你看到自己的优势并对每件事情充满自信。 Please see___________ ___________and be full of confidence for everything. 3.我们应该利用这晴朗的天气去野餐。 We should___________ ___________ ___________the sunny weather to go for a picnic. 1. disadvantage （1）利用（2）比某人/ 某物有优势（3）对某人有利（4）获得/ 拥有⋯⋯的优势 2. your advantages 3. take advantage of Unit 4 Section A 1.sadness •Her eyes were full of sadness.她的眼里充满了悲伤。 • Time can help us overcome sadness little by little.时间能帮我们逐渐克服悲伤。 • There was a sense of sadness in her voice.她的声音里带着一种悲伤的感觉。 • She felt sad after hearing the news.听到消息后，她感到伤心。 •He shook his head sadly.他悲伤地摇了摇头。 • He felt great sorrow at the loss of his friend.失去朋友让他悲痛万分。 Exercises 1.sadness n.悲伤，由“sad （adj.悲伤的：伤心的）+-ness（名词后缀）”构成。 相关短语：（1）overcome sadness___________（2） a sense of sadness___________ （3） express sadness___________（4） be filled with sadness/be full of sadness ___________ 2.相关词：___________adv. 悲伤地；伤心地 3.While the film The Kid（1921）has many funny moments, it also has times of great___________ (sad). 4.___________(sorry) filled her heart when she heard the news of the poor dog's death. 5.得知大熊猫丫丫的困境后，我的内心充满了悲伤。(sadness) My heart was___________ ___________ ___________after hearing about the difficult situation of the giant panda,Ya Ya. 辨析 sadness 指一般的“悲伤、难过”，情感强度较轻，多因日常小事（如失望、离别）引发。 sorrow 指“深沉的悲伤、悲痛”，情感强度中等，常因较重大的损失（如失去亲人、理想破灭）引发。 1.（1）克服悲伤（2）一种悲伤感（3）表达悲伤（4）充满悲伤 2.sadly 3. sadness 4. Sorrow 5. filled with sadness/full of sadness 2.memorize • Before the English exam, I need to memorize 50 new words. 英语考试前，我需要记住50个新单词。 • I don't remember my first day at school.我已经忘了第一天上学的情景。 • Playing puzzle games is a good way to improve your memory. 玩益智游戏是提升你记忆力的一个好方法。 • The old photo brought back a sweet memory of my childhood. 这张旧照片唤起了我童年一段甜蜜的回忆。 • A special concert will be held next week in memory of the famous musician. 下周将举办一场特别的音乐会，以纪念这位著名的音乐家。 Exercises 1.memorize 作及物动词，意为“记住；记忆”。强调主动、有意识地去记忆的动作。 近义词：___________ v.记得；记住。侧重“自然记得”。 相关词形：___________n.记性；记忆力；回忆；记忆。in memory of sb___________ 2. Changchun Air Show brought back a fascinating___________ to all visitors, especially teenagers. A. memory B. memories C. memorize D. memorized 3.不理解意思是很难记住新单词的。 It's hard to___________ ___________ ___________ without understanding the meanings. 1.remember；memory；in memory of sb 2. A 3. memorize new words 3.case • In my mom's case, she walks to work instead of driving. 就我妈妈的情况而言，她步行上班而不是开车。 • It's raining heavily. In this case, we can't go to the park. 雨下得很大，在这种情况下，我们不能去公园了。 • You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.你最好带把伞，以防下雨。 • I put my books in a paper case to take to school.我把书放进纸箱带去学校。 • There are many cases of students winning the competition. 有很多学生赢得比赛的事例。 • The doctor discussed my case with other experts.医生和其他专家讨论了我的病例。 Exercises 1.case 的一词多义：（1）情况；事实（2）箱子；盒子（3） 事例；实例（4） 病案；病例 常见搭配：（1）in sb's case___________（2）in this case___________（3）in that case___________（4）in case___________(5) in the case of it___________（6）that's not the case ___________ 2.—This article says a person who loves red is confident and willing to challenge new things. —___________.My cousin likes red best, but he is shy and sometimes a little lazy. A. I can't agree more B. Don't mention it C. That's all right D. That's not the case 3.就你的情况而言，你喜欢你的学校生活吗？ ___________ ___________ ___________,do you like your school life? 1.（1）就某人的情况而言（2）在这种情况下（3）假使那样的话；既然那样（4）以防；以防万一 (5) 就⋯而言（6）事实并非如此 2. D 3. In your case 4.run out（of sth） •They were just about to solve the puzzle when time ran out. 他们眼看就要解开迷题，时间却耗尽了。 • We ran out of patience after waiting for hours.我们等了几个小时后，耗尽了耐心。 •The wild fire went out. 野火熄灭了。 • Firefighters quickly put out the fire before it spread.在火势蔓延前，消防员迅速扑灭了火。 • The machine is worn out after years of use.这台机器用了多年，已经破旧不堪。 Exercises 1.run out of 意为“用完某物”，主语为“人”；run out 意次“用完；耗尽”，主语为“物”。 由“动词 +out” 构成的短语还有：（1）go out___________ （2）put out___________ （3）wear out___________ 2.—Mr.Brown, I've___________ideas. I can't go on with my writing. —Relax for a while. Inspiration may come to you later. A. looked back at B. run out of C. taken pride in D. come up with 3.我们不知道什么时候油就会耗尽。 We don't know when the oil will___________ ___________. 1.（1）外出交际；熄灭（2） 扑灭 （3）磨损；用坏 2. B 3. run out 5.mix up • Don't mix them up! The red pen is for marking, and the blue one is for writing. 别把它们弄混了！红笔是用来批改的，蓝笔是用来写字的。 • Don't mix up the papers on my desk; I need them in order. 别弄乱我桌上的文件，我需要它们保持有序。 • She mixed up milk and coffee, and it tasted really good. 她把牛奶和咖啡搅和在一起，味道特别好。 • They put up a notice about the school trip. 他们张贴了一张关于学校旅行的通知。 • The kids cleaned up their room before their parents came back. 父母回来前，孩子们把房间打扫干净了。 • She cut up the vegetables for the soup.她把蔬菜切碎做汤。 • The train sped up after it left the station.火车离开车站后加速了。 Exercises 1.mix up 的多种含义：（1）弄乱；混淆（2）搅和 mix up 为“动副”结构的短语，若宾语为代词，需置于 mix和up 之间；宾语是名词时，放在up 前后均可。类似结构还有：put up ___________；clean up___________； cut up___________；speed up___________。 2.她拼写这些英语单词时，有时会把它们弄混。 She sometimes ___________ ___________ ___________when she spells these English words. 1.张贴；打扫；切碎；加速 2. mixes them up 6.go through • She went through a lot when her parents divorced.父母离婚时，她经历了很多。 • The teacher went through our papers before handing them back. 老师在把我们的试卷还给我们之前仔细检查了一遍。 • We went through all the water during the hike.徒步时我们把水都喝完了。 • He looked through the newspaper while waiting for the bus. 等公交车时，他快速浏览了一下报纸。 • We walked through the forest to reach the village.我们步行穿过森林，到达了村庄。 Exercises 1.go through 除了表示“___________”之外，还可表示“___________” 2.由动词 +through 构成的动词短语还有； （1） get through ___________（2）look through___________（3） walk through___________ （4） live through___________ 3.It took the man three hours to___________the forest on foot in the dark. A. go across B. go through C. come into D. come out 4.穿过树林后，我们到了那个小村子。 After we___________ ___________the woods, we came to the small village. 1.（1）经历；仔细察看 （2）用完；穿过 2.（1）接通电话；通过考试；完成（2）快速查看；浏览（3）步行穿过（4）经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存 3.B 4. went through Unit 4 Section B 1.technique •You can use the "mind map” technique to remember English words more easily. 你可以用“思维导图”这个技巧来更轻松地记英语单词。 • The machine has a technical problem—we need to calla repairman. 这台机器出了技术故障，我们得叫修理工。 • Technology has changed the way we live and work. 科技改变了我们的生活和工作方式。 • New technologies in farming have increased crop yields. 农业新技术提高了作物产量。 Exercises 1.technique 作可数名词，意为“___________”。 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 技术的；技能的；专业的 （2） ___________［U］n. 科技 ［C］n. 技术 2.2006年，扎染技艺被列入中国国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 In 2006, the tie-dye___________ was added to China's national intangible cultural heritage list. 1.技巧；（1）technical（2） technology 2. technique 2.passage • She read us a passage of the novel. 她给我们读了小说中的一段。 • The passage from the kitchen to the garden is very narrow.从厨房到花园的通道很窄。 • The passage of time made her forget the pain. 时间的流逝让她忘记了痛苦。 • Read the short passage and answer the questions. Exercises 1.passage 的一词多义：（1）文章；段落（2）通道；走廊（3）（时间的）流逝 常用短语：（1）a short passage___________（2）in the passage___________ （3）the passage of time ___________ 2.和诗歌相比较，故事通常有较长的段落。 Compared with poems, stories usually have ___________ ___________. 1.（1） 一篇短文（2）在文章中（3）时间的流逝 2.longer passages 3.likely • We are likely to visit the museum this weekend.我们这周末可能去参观博物馆。 • It is likely that the snow will stop by noon.中午雪很可能会停。 • He most likely left his keys at home.他极有可能把钥匙落在家里了。 •It's probable that he will win the game—he's beentraining hard for months. 他很可能会赢这场比赛-他已经刻苦训练了好几个月。 • It's possible that it will rain, but the sky is still clear.可能会下雨，但天还很晴。 Exercises 1.likely的一词多义： （1） adj. 可能的，常见用法：be likely to do sth ___________； It is likely + （that） 从句 ___________ （2）adv.很可能 2.She is likely ___________(finish) her homework before dinner. 3.他极有可能今晚给你打电话。 He will___________ ___________ call you this evening. 4.早期的知识可能会导致对推论的错误判断。 Earlier knowledge___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________wrong judgments about inferences. 辨析 likely 指“可能性极高”，概率接近 80%-90%，强调“迹象明显，几乎可以确定会发生”。 probable 指“可能性较高”，概率通常高于 50％，强调“有充分依据推断，大概率会发生”。 possible 仅指“存在发生的可能性”，概率通常低于50%，强调 “理论上可行，但实际发生概率不高”。 1.可能做某事；很可能⋯ 2. to finish 3. most likely 4. was likely to lead to 4.discuss • She wants to discuss her travel ideas with her best friend this weekend. 这个周末，她想和她最好的朋友讨论自己的旅行想法。 • We'll have a discussion about the school trip tomorrow.我们明天会讨论学校旅行的事。 •The plan is still under discussion.这个计划仍在讨论中。 • There is a short discussion about the new textbook in our English class every Monday. 每周一我们的英语课上都会有一场关于新课本的简短讨论。 Exercises 1.discuss 作及物动词，意为“___________”。常见用法：discuss sth with sb___________ 2.___________ n. 讨论。常见用法：（1） have/hold adiscussion with sb about/on.___________ (2) There is + a/an + adj. + discussion about/on...___________（3）under discussion ___________ 3. It's very helpful___________(discuss) your problems with your parents. 4. The students are having a warm___________(discuss)about seasonal changes. 5.汤姆经常和他最好的朋友迈克讨论他最喜欢的书。 Tom often___________his favorite books___________his best friend Mike. 6. 我们需要进行进一步的讨论，以找到解决这个问题的更好办法。 We need to have___________ ___________ ___________to find a better way to work out the problem. 1.讨论；谈论；商量；与某人讨论某事 2.discussion（1）和某人就……进行讨论 (2) 有一场关于⋯⋯的……讨论（3）在讨论中 3. to discuss 4. discussion 5. discusses; with 6. a further discussion 5.image • The image on the screen suddenly changed.屏幕上的图像突然变了。 • He formed a mental image of his future home.他在脑海中勾勒出未来家园的样子。 • The company is trying to improve its public image.这家公司正努力提升自身的公众形象。 • Don't be afraid to imagine new things. They can show your wonderful imagination. 别害怕想象新事物，它们能展现你出色的想象力。 Exercises 1.image 作可数名词，常见词义有： （1）（视觉上的）图像；图片（2）（人或事物的）形象；印象（3）（脑海里的）印象；想象 相关短语：public image ___________；image of..___________；in the image of___________ 相关词形：（1）___________v. 想象（2）___________n. 想象力；想象 2.Winning the speech competition helped Jack create a young energetic___________（形象）. 3.-How large is the universe? -It is impossible to___________ (image). 4.蓝天中飘着白云的景象,宛如一幅柔和的画。 __________ __________ __________white clouds floating in the blue sky feels like a soft painting. 5.他的丰富的想象力帮他创作出精彩的故事。 His___________ ___________helped him create amazing stories. 1.公众形象；⋯⋯的形象；按照⋯⋯的形象（1）imagine （2） imagination 2. image 3. imagine 4. The image of 5. rich imagination 6.view • She views this job as a chance to learn new skills.她把这份工作看作学习新技能的机会。 • The child ran around the corner and was soon out of view.孩子跑到拐角处，很快就看不见了。 • In my view, students should balance study and rest.在我看来，学生应该平衡学习和休息。 • We stopped to take photos of the beautiful view of the valley. 我们停下来拍山谷的美景。 Exercises 1.view的一词多义：（1）vt.看；观看；看待（2）n.观点；看法（3）n. 视野；视线 （4）n.风景；景色 常见用法：view..as...___________；in/out of view___________；in one's view___________；hold/express a view ___________；a view of..___________ 2.Many people ___________（看）dogs as their best friends. 3.《红楼梦》被视为世界文学经典。 A Dream of Red Mansions___________ ___________ ___________a classic in world literature. 1.把⋯⋯看作⋯⋯；在视野内/外；在某人看来；持有/ 表达某种观点；……的景色 2. view 3. is viewed as 7.effective •Regular cxercise is effective in keeping healthy.规律锻炼对保持健康很有效。 • The government took effective measures to reduce pollution.政府采取了有效措施减少污染。 • Littering has a harmful effect on the environment.乱扔垃圾对环境有危害。 • The new rule will come into effect next month.新规定将在下个月生效。 Exercises 1.effcctive adj. 有效的 常见用法：（1） be effeclive in （doing）___________（2） effective measures___________ 2.effect n. 效果。常见用法： (1) have a harmful effect on___________（2） come into effect___________ 3. The school took___________(effect) measures to improve students' safety. 4. The heavy rain had a bad___________（效果）on the outdoor party. 5.定期练习对解决发音问题很有效。 Regular practice___________ ___________ ___________solving pronunciation problems. 1.（1）在⋯⋯方面有效（2）有效措施 2.(1) 对⋯有危害（2）生效 3.effective 4.effect 5. is effective in 8.increase • The demand for clectric vehicles is on the increase.电动汽车的需求正在增长。 • We need to increase our efforts to learn English.我们需要加大学习英语的力度。 • The price of apples increased by 20%.苹果的价格上涨了20%。 • The temperature increased to 35°C yesterday.昨天温度上升到了35摄氏度。 • The increased population has caused more traffic jams.增长的人口导致了更多的交通堵塞。 Exercises 1.increase 的一词多义： （1）n.增长。on the increase ___________（2）v.增长；增加。常见用法：increase by +数量___________；increase to + 数量 ___________；increase in..___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 不断增长的（2）___________adj. 已经增长的 2.用适当的介词填空。 (1) The price of rice increased___________10% last month. (2) The temperature will increase___________28°C tomorrow. 3. There is an___________(increase)number of birds in the park. 4.加入阅读俱乐部的学生人数有了大幅增长。 There has been___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the number of students joining the reading club. 5.新的熊猫展区开放后，当地动物园的游客数量增长了50%. The local zoo's visitor count___________ ___________ ___________after the new panda exhibit opened. 1.在增加；增加了……；增加到⋯；在⋯方面增加；increasing；increased 3. (1) by (2) to 4. increasing 5. a big increase in 6. increased by 50% 9.recognize • I recognized your voice on the phone.我在电话里听出了你的声音。 • He has been recognized as a talented singer.他已被公认为有天赋的歌手。 • He recognized that he made a mistake.他意识到自己犯了错。 • The painting is recognized by experts as a masterpiece.这幅画被专家认定为杰作。 • His efforts finally got the recognition.他的努力终于得到了认可。 Exercises 1.recognize v. 辨认出；认可。常见用法： （1） recognize sb/sth ___________（2） recognize ..as..___________ （3）recognize that/wh-从句 ___________（4） be recognized by... ___________ 相关词形：___________ n. 认出；承认 2.I can easily___________（辨认）his handwriting because it's very unique. 3. The song___________ (recognize) with its beautiful melody by most of the students. 4.这座建筑被认为是该市的历史地标。 This building___________ ___________ ___________a historical landmark in the city. 1.（1） 认出/ 认可某人/ 某物（2） 把…⋯认作 / 看作⋯（3）意识到；承认⋯ (4) 被……认定/承认；recognition 2. recognize 3. is recognized 4. is recognized as Unit 5 Section A 1.invention •The invention of the computer changed the world.计算机的发明改变了世界。 • He patented a new piece of invention last year.他去年获得了一项新发明的专利。 • This story is apparently a complete invention.这个故事显然完全是虚构的。 •Who invented the steam engine？谁发明了蒸汽机？ • The inventor of the telephone is Alexander Bell.电话的发明者是亚历山大•贝尔。 • She is an inventive student who always comes up with new ideas. 她是个有创造力的学生，总能想出新点子。 • The discovery of oil in this area brought wealth to thecountry. 这个地区石油的发现给国家带来了财富。 Exercises 1.invention n. 发明；发明物；创造；虛构（的故事）。 常见搭配：（1） the invention of..___________（2） a great invention ___________（3）a piece of invention ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ v.发明；创造（2）___________n. 发明者；发明家 （3）___________ adj. 善于创新的；有创意的 2.In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a great___________(invent) —the telephone. 3. He wants to___________（发明）a machine that can clean the ocean. 3. The___________（发现）of penicillin saved millions of lives. 4.爱迪生是历史上最伟大的发明家之一。 Edison is one of___________ ___________ ___________in history. 辨析 invention 指“原本不存在，通过人类创造出来的东西”（强调 “从无到有” 的创造）。 discovery 指“原本就存在，只是被人类首次找到或认识到的事物”（强调“发现已存在的东西”）。 1.（1）……的发明 （2）一项伟大的发明（3）一项发明 相关词形：（1） invent （2） inventor （3） inventive 2. invention 3. invent 4. discovery 5. the greatest inventors 2.produce •This car is produced by a German company.这款车由一家德国公司生产。 • Hard work produces good results. 努力工作会产生好结果。 • The farmers sell their fresh produce at the market.农民们在市场上售卖新鲜的农产品。 • This company's new product is very popular.这家公司的新产品很受欢迎。 • The production of this new phone will start next month. 这款新手机的生产将于下月开始。 • She makes her own clothes.她自己做衣服。 • Picasso created many famous paintings.毕加索创作了许多名画。 Exercises 1.produce的一词多义：（1）v. 生产；繁育；制造；产生。be produced by___________ （2）n. 农产品（尤指水果、蔬菜等） 相关词形：（1）___________ n. 产品；制品（指工业生产的产品） （2） ___________n. 生产者；制造商；制片人（3）___________ n.生产；制作；产量 2.New types of energy from the sun, wind and water_______little pollution and will never run out. A. burn B. recycle C. separate D. produce 3. The___________(produce) of rice has increased this year. 4.这家工厂上个月生产了1000台电脑。 This factory___________ ___________ ___________last month. 辨析 produce 强调“大规模生产”（尤指工厂生产或自然产出） make 最通用，强调“制作的过程”（手工、简单制造） create 强调“创造出全新的、原创的事物”（抽象或具体） 1.由……生产；（1）product （2） producer （3）production 2.D 3. production 4. produced 1,000 computers 3.tourism •The local government wants to develop tourism to help people live better. 当地政府想发展旅游业来帮助人们生活得更好。 • Summer is the peak season for tourism in this town.夏季是这个城镇的旅游旺季。 •We went on a tour of the Great Wall.我们去游览了长城。 • Thousands of tourists visit the museum every day.每天有成千上万的游客参观这个博物馆。 Exercises 1.tourism作不可数名词，意为“旅游业；旅游（活动）”，常见搭配：tourism industry ___________；develop tourism ___________。 相关词形：（1）___________v.旅行；游览 n.观光；旅游。（2）__________ n. 观光客；游客 2.Red___________（旅游业）has developed quickly and it's becoming more and more popular. 3.Every year，Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its___________ (tour). 4. 品尝当地农家菜是乡村旅游的一大亮点。 Trying local farmhouse dishes is a highlight of___________ ___________. 1.旅游产业；发展旅游业 相关词形：（1） tour （2） tourist 2.tourism 3. tourists 4. rural tourism 4.gain • She gained a lot of useful experience from her part-time job. 她从兼职工作中获得了很多有用的经验。 • He gained 3 kilograms because he ate too many snacks. 因为吃了太多零食，他体重增加了3公斤。 •No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。［谚语］ • Students can gain access to the school library every day.学生每天都可以使用学校图书馆。 • The teacher quickly gained control of the noisy classroom.老师很快控制住了吵闹的教室。 • Lily won first place in the school math competition.莉莉在学校数学竞赛中获得了第一名。 Exercises 1.gain 既可作动词，意为“获得；取得；赢得”，也可作名词，意为“好处；利益；增加”。 相关短语：（1）gain access to ___________（2）gain control of ___________ （3）gain experience ___________（4） gain weight ___________（反义：lose weight） （5） gain confidence___________ 2.___________（获得）knowledge through experience is more valuable than learning from books. 3. 通过始终信守承诺，他逐渐获得了同学们的信任。 He___________ ___________from his classmates by always keeping his promises. 4. 国家队战胜客队，赢得了这场足球赛。 The national team ___________the football___________against the visiting team. 1.相关短语：（1） 获得（使用/进入的）机会（2） 控制住；掌握（3） 积累经验 （4） 增重（5） 增强信心 2. Gaining 3. gained 4. gained trust 5. won; game Unit 5 Section B 1.reality • He seems friendly, but in reality he is very cold.他看起来很友好，但实际上他很冷漠。 • Hard work can turn your dreams into reality.努力工作能让你的梦想成真。 • The movie shows the realities of farmers' lives.这部电影展现了农民生活的真实情况。 • This is a real story, not a lie.这是个真实的故事，不是谎言。 •It's really cold today. 今天真的很冷。 • We need to work hard to realize our dreams.为了实现梦想，我们需要努力工作。 • She finally told me the truth about her mistake.她终于告诉我关于她所犯错误的真相了。 • The fact is that she won the competition.事实是她赢了比赛。 Exercises 1.reality 的一词多义：（1）n.［U］现实；实际情况。指客观存在的真实状态，与“想象、理想”相对。（2）n.［C］ 真实的事物；实际经历。指“具体的真实事件或体验”。 常用短语：（1）in reality ___________（相当于 in fact） （2）turn..into reality ___________ (3) the reality of... ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ adj. 真的（2）__________ adv. 真正地（3）__________v.实现 2.It takes much effort to turn what we want into___________(real). 3. He looked very confident and calm during the test, but___________he was extremely nervous. A. in trouble B. in danger C. in reality D. in surprise 4.伟大事业始于梦想，成于实干。 A great cause starts with a dream and__________ ___________ ___________through hard work. 5.我们为她说了真话而感到自豪。 We are proud of her for___________ ___________ ___________. 辨析 reality “现实；实际情况”，与“想象、虚构、理想”相对，指实际存在的整体状态。 truth “真相；真理”，与“谎言”相对，指具体事件的真实本质或普遍真理。 fact “事实；实情”，与“无根据的说法、猜测”相对，指真实发生、可验证的事件/信息。 1.常用短语：（1） 事实上；实际上（2） 把⋯变成现实 (3) ...的真实情況 相关词形：（1）real （2） really （3） realize 2. reality 3. C 4. turns into reality 5. telling the trut 2.responsible • Carelessness is responsible for many mistakes in exams. 粗心是考试中很多错误的原因。 • She is responsible for cleaning the classroom today.她今天负责打扫教室。 • The responsible teacher checks our homework carefully every day. 这位负责任的老师每天认真检查我们的作业。 • He smiled in response to her greeting.他微笑着回应她的问候。 • She has many responsibilities as a monitor.作为班长，她有很多职责。 Exercises 1.responsible adj.既可表示“作为原因的；有责任”，也可用来形容人“有责任心的；可靠的”。 常见用法：be responsible for （doing）sth ___________ 相关词形：（1）___________ n. 回应；响应；答复（2）___________n. 责任；职责 2.Who will be___________ (responsibility) for the meeting when the manager is on business? 3. She feels a strong sense of___________(responsible) towards her employees. 4.学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。 Students should___________ ___________ ___________their decisions and actions. 1.对（做）某事负责 相关词形：（1）response （2） responsibility 2. responsible 3. responsibility 4. be responsible for 3.rapid • The rapid development of technology changesour life.科技的快速发展改变了我们的生活。 • With the teacher's help, he made rapid progress in English. 在老师的帮助下，他在英语上取得了快速的进步。 • There has been a rapid increase in the number of students.学生效量有了快速增长。 • His health is improving rapidly.他的健康状况正在迅速好转。 • This fast train can reach 300 kilometers per hour.这列快车时速可达 300公里。 Exercises 1.rapid adj.快速的；迅速的；瞬间的。 常见用法：（1） rapid development/progress/change___________ （2）a rapid increase/decline___________ 相关词形:___________ adv.快速地；迅速地 2.It is convenient to buy things online in China because of the___________（快速的）development of the delivery service by drone（无人机）. 3.The AI technology is___________(rapid) changing all the time. 4.On sunny weekends, my little brother runs___________（快速地）on the park’s green grass, laughing as he chases a playful puppy. 5. 如果你努力学习，你会在英语方面取得快速进步。 If you study hard, you will___________ ___________ ___________in English. 1.常见用法：（1）快速的发展/进步/变化 （2）快速增长 / 下降 相关词形；rapidly 2. rapid 3. rapidly 4. fast 5. make rapid progress 4.afford • Some young people working in the city can't afford houses. 一些在城里工作的年轻人买不起房子。 • We can't afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。 • Fresh vegetables are affordable for everyone here.这里的新鲜蔬菜对所有人来说都买得起。 Exercises 1.afford v. 买得起；能做。 常见短语：（1） afford sth ___________（2） afford to do sth___________ 相关词形：___________ adj. 价格合理的；负担得起的。 常见用法：affordable prices ___________；be affordable for..___________ 2. His father can't afford ___________such a big house with a swimming pool. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 3.马库斯走路回家，因为他坐不起出租车。 Marcus walked home because he couldn't ___________ ___________ ___________a taxi. 辨析 gain 均作动词，可表“获得/赢得”，可搭配具体事物（如奖品、比赛）。 可接抽象名词（知识、经验、信心等）和数量类名词（体重、利润等）。侧重“通过努力、过程逐渐获得”，无“对抗感” win 侧重“在竞争、对抗中战胜对手”，有明确“胜负关系”。仅搭配 “有竞争属性的事物”（比赛、战役、奖项、荣誉等），不可接抽象名词。 1.（1）负担得起某物（2）负担得起做某事 相关词形：affordable 用法：实急的价格；对……来说负担得起 2. C 3. afford to take Unit 6 Section A 1.beyond • The small village lies beyond the river.那个小村庄坐落在河的另一边。 • This math problem is beyond my ability to solve.这道数学题超出了我的解答能力。 • Beyond his family, no one knew about his hobby.除了他的家人，没人知道他的爱好。 • Walk along this path, and you'll find a small lake beyond. 沿着这条小路走，你会在前面更远处发现一个小溯。 • Beyond doubt, she is the most hard-working student in our class. 毫无疑问，她是我们班最努力的学生。 • The heavy rain was beyond our control, so we had to cancel the picnic. 这场大雨超出了我们的控制范围，所以我们不得不取消野餐。 Exercises 1.beyond：① …的另一边；越过（表示空间位置）②超出…⋯的范围；超越（表示能力、程度、时间等）③除⋯之外（表示‘不包括在内’）④在更远的地方 相关短语：beyond doubt __________ ；beyond one's control __________ ； beyond repair __________ 2.—Hey, do you want to refuse this good job? —I have to give up. I'm afraid it's__________ my ability. A. behind B. beside C. beyond D. between 3.沿着木桥走，你会看到更远处有一群鸭子在游水。 Walk along the wooden bridge, and you'll see a group of__________ __________ __________. 4. 毫无疑问，这个小女孩的笑容能照亮整个房间。 __________ __________, the little girl's smile can light up the whole room. 1.毫无疑问；超出某人的控制范围；无法修复；报废等。 3. C 3. ducks swimming beyond 4. Beyond/Without doubt 2.maintain • We need to maintain a healthy diet to keep our bodies strong. 我们需要保持健康的饮食，以保持身体强壮。 • His father maintains his old car every month.他爸爸每个月都保养他的旧汽车。 • I maintain contact with my best friend from primary school via WeChat. 我通过微信和小学时最好的朋友保持联系。 • She maintains that reading books can open our minds.她坚持认为读书能打开我们的思路。 Exercises 1.maintain 表示“维修；保持”等意义。 相关短语：（1） maintain contact with sb __________（2） maintain order__________ （3）maintain abalance （between A and B） __________ （4） maintain one's interest in sth __________ 2. Ellen is positive. She keeps__________no matter how tough things get. A. smiling B. smile C. to smile D. smiles 3.我妈妈坚持认为睡前喝一杯温牛奶有助于我们睡个好觉。 My mom__________ __________drinking a glass of warm milk before bed helps us sleep well. 辨析 maintain 两者均为及物动词，都可用于“保持某种状态、事物或关系”，日常表达中部分场景可替换（但有细微差异）。 保持健康：keep healthy /maintain health（前者更口语，后者更书面） 保持联系：keep in touch /maintain contact（前者日常用，后者偏正式） •强调“通过努力、管理来维持”，含“主动维护”的意味； •应用范围较窄，多接“抽象事物”（如秩序、关系、记录、标准）。 keep •强调“持续持有或保持筒单状态”，动作更日常； 用范围更广，可接“具体物品、状态、习惯”，还能表“保留、饲养”。 如：keep quiet 保持安静 1.相关短语：（1）与某人保持联系；（2）维持秩序；（3） 在A 和B 之间保持平衡； （4）保持某人对某事的兴趣等。2. A 3. maintains that 3.weightless •When you first start to rise rapidly in a hot air balloon, you'll feel weightless for a moment. 当你乘坐热气球刚开始快速上升时，你会有一瞬间感到失重。 • Underwater, divers sometimes stay in a weightless state to practice movements. 在水下，潜水员有时会处于失重状态来练习动作。 •When we held the thin feather in our hands, it feltalmost weightless. 当我们手里握着那根纤细的羽毛时，感觉它几乎是无重量的。 • Could you please weigh this basket of strawberries? I'd like to know its weight. 请你称一下这一筐草莓好吗？我想知道它的重量。 Exercises 1.weightless adj. 失重的；无重量的，其副词形式为__________. 相关短语：feel weightless __________；in a weightlessstate__________；weightless environment __________。 weightless 的其他同根词：（1）__________v. 称重；重⋯（2）__________ n. 重量 2. The baby panda's__________ (weigh) grows a little every day, making its keeper happy. 3. This basket of oranges__________(weigh) just enough for us to carry home easily. 4. 跳进泳池时，你可能会有一瞬间感到失重。 When jumping into the pool, you might__________ __________for a split second. 1.weightlessly 相关短语：感到失重；处于失重状态；失重环境 （1）weigh （2）weight 2. weightless 3. weighs 4. feel weightless 4.movement •Doing some gentle movements every morning canhelp us stay energetic all day. 每天早上做一些轻柔的运动，能帮助我们一整天都保持精力充沛。 • Many people joined the movement to protect the local rivers from pollution last month. 上个月，很多人加入了保护当地河流免受污染的活动。 • The old man told a moving story about his childhood friend. 老人讲了一个关于童年好友的感人故事。 • She was deeply moved by the old lady's story of helping stray cats. 她被老太太帮助流浪猫的故事深深感动了。 Exercises 1.movement （n. 运动；活动）由“move（v.移动；搬家）＋名词后缀-ment”构成。 相关短语：（1） in movement __________（2） a movement for..__________（3） the movement of..__________ movement 的其他同根词：_________（adj. 感人的；动人的）→_________（adj. 受感动的） 2. The skills and__________(move) in skiing were quite different from those in gymnastics（体操）. 3. The __________documentary about wildlife protection __________many viewers.(move) 4.机器人能追踪森林中的动物活动，并将数据传回科学家。 The robot can track__________ __________in the forest and send data back to scientists. 1.相关短语：（1）在运动中（2）为……而发起的运动（3） …的移动；moving；moved 2.movements 3. moving;moved 4. animal movements 5.asleep • The baby finally fell asleep after crying for awhile.宝宝哭了一会儿后终于入睡了。 • She was asleep when I called her last night.昨晚我给她打电话时，她睡着了。 • He sleeps 8 hours every day and he has a good sleep.他每天睡8小时并且拥有优质睡眠。 • The sleepy baby rubbed her eyes and leaned against her mom. 那个困倦的宝宝揉了揉眼睛，靠在了妈妈身上。 • The sleeping girl smiled in her dream.那个正在睡觉的女孩在梦里笑了。 Exercises 1.asleep adj. 睡着的，在句中作表语。 常用短语：（1）fall asleep __________（2）be fast/deep asleep__________ （3）sound asleep __________ asleep 的其他同根词：（1）_________ v. 睡觉（2） _________ adj. 睡着的 （3）_________adj.困倦的 2.It is very difficult to fall_________(sleep) with the wind outside crying like a wolf. 3. We_________(sleep) in a tent during the camping trip last weekend. 4.一杯咖啡没能帮我驱散了困倦感，我很快睡着了。 A cup of coffee didn't help me fight off the_________ _________, and I fell _________soon. 辨析 asleep adj.睡着的（表状态，已入睡）。仅作表语，不能作定语；常与fall/be 搭配。 sleep v. /n. 睡觉（动作/状态） sleepy adj.困倦的，想睡觉的。可作表语或定语，表“未入睡但想睡”。 sleeping 既可以表“正在睡觉的动作”，也可以表“处于睡眠状态的”（如asleeping dog），侧重“动作进行中“或“状态的持续性”。 1.常用短语：（1）入睡，强调动作（2）睡得很熟（3）酣睡，强调深度 （1） sleep （2） sleeping （3） sleepy 2. asleep 3. slept 4. sleepy feeling; asleep 6.crazy • Mia is crazy about star-gazing she even bought a telescope. 米娅痴迷于观星，她甚至买了望远镜。 • The loud construction noise is driving my grandma crazy.刺耳的施工噪音快把奶奶逼疯了。 • The city's nightlife is full of craziness, with people dancing in the streets until dawn. 这座城市的夜生活充满疯狂，人们在街上跳舞直到黎明。 Exercises 1.crazy adj. 疯狂的；发疯的 → _________ n. 疯狂 常见短语：（1）be crazy about _________（2）drive sb crazy _________ 2. The_________(crazy) of the birthday party made the kids laugh all night. 3.等晚点的火车超过两小时，这让我妈妈抓狂了。 Waiting for the delayed train for over two hours_________ _________ _________ _________. 1.craziness 常见短语：（1） 痴迷于⋯，表对人 /事物的强烈喜爱；（2）使某人发疯，表因某事让人烦躁、失控等。2. craziness 3. drove my mom crazy 7.require • The broken bike requires fixing.这辆坏自行车需要修理。 • The coach requires us to run 3 laps every morning.教练要求我们每天早上跑3圈。 • The school rule requires that students (should) arrive on time.校规要求学生按时到校。 • This task requires patience and skill.这项任务需要耐心和技巧。 • Good grades are a basic requirement for this scholarship. 好成绩是获得这笔奖学金的基本要求。 •The garden needs watering every day.花园需要每天浇水。 • You needn't bring your books tomorrow.你明天不必带书。 Exercises 1.require （v. 要求；需要）→ _________（n. 必要条件；要求）。 2.常见用法：（1）sth require doing _________（2）require sb to do sth_________ （3） require that.. _________，从句用“should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 3. The library requires students_________(keep) their voices down. 4. The dirty window requires_________(clean) before the party. 5. A medical check-up is a_________(require) for joining the sports team. 6.安全规定要求工人在工地上戴头盔。 Safety rules_________ _________workers_________ _________ on the site. 辩析 require 强调“规定/ 要求”，较正式。主语可为人/机构，后接 doing（表被动），sb to do 或that 从句。 need 强调“客观需要或主观需求”，更日常化。主语可为人/物，后接 doing（表被动），sb to do；还可作情态动词，后接动词原形，否定用needn't. 1.requirement 2.（1）某物需要被做，表被动；（2）要求某人做某事；（3）要求⋯ 3. to keep 4. cleaning 5. requirement 6. require that; wear helmets 8.publish • They are publishing a series of science books forteenagers. 他们正在为青少年出版一套科学丛书。 • The magazine publishes stories for kids every week. 这家杂志每周刊登儿童故事。 • Her first poem was published in the school newspaper last year. 她的第一首诗去年发表在校报上。 • The library has many kinds of publications, such as storybooks, science magazines and dictionaries. 图书馆里有各种各样的出版物，比如故事书、科学杂志和词典。 Exercises 1.publish v.出版；刊登；发行；发表→_________ n.出版；发表；发版物。 常用短语： （1） publish a/an book/article _________（2）be published _________ 2.We will review your works and _________(publish) the best ones in next month's newspaper. 3.这位诗人希望明年春天出版一本关于星星的诗集。 The poet hopes to _________ _________ _________ a poems about stars next spring. 1.publication（1）出版一本书；发表一篇文草（2）被出版/ 发表：被动语态，表作品的传 播动作或状态。 2. publish 3. publish; collection of 9.be made into 被制成 • Rubbish can be made into building materials.垃圾能被制成建筑材料。 • The novel will be made into a movie next year.这部小说明年将被改编成电影。 • This backpack is made of recycled plastic bottles.这个背包由回收的塑料瓶制成。 • The medicine is made from rare plants in the rainforest.这种药由雨林中的稀有植物制成。 • High-tech robots are mostly made in China now.如今高科技机器人大多在中国制造。 • The special gloves were made by astronauts for spacewalks. 这款特殊手套是由宇航员为太空行走制作的。 • The smart city project is made up of five main parts.这个智慧城市项目由五个主要部分组成。 Exercises 1.be made into 表示“（原材料）被加工/改造（成品）”，强调原材料的形态或用途发生转化。 类似结构还有：（1）be made of_________（2） be made from_________ （3） be made in_________（4） be made by _________ （5） be made for________ （6）be made up of _________ 2.—Ya'an is_________the City of Tea, right? —Yes, and you know, besides drinks, tea can_________ various kinds of food. A. famous for; be made of B. famous as; be made into C. famous for; be made from D. famous with; be made in 3. The novel Harry Potter series_________ seven books by J. K. Rowling over a period of 10 years. A. is made into B. is made of C. is made from D. is made up of 4.我们上周买的彩色黏土，在手工课上被制成了小动物。 The colorful clay we bought last week_________ _________ _________ small animals in the craft class. 1.类似结构还有：（1） 由……制成（能看出原材料）（2） 由⋯制成（看不出原材料） （3）在⋯⋯（地点）制造（4）由⋯（人/公司）制造 (5) 为⋯（用途/人群）设计 (6) 由⋯组成（强调整体的构成部分） 2. B 3. D 4. was made into Unit 6 Section B 1.cooperate • Teams must cooperate to win the game.团队必须合作才能赢得比赛。 • We need to cooperate with the new classmate on the presentation. 我们需要和新同学合作做演示。 • Teachers and parents cooperate on organizing the school trip. 老师和家长合作组织学校旅行。 • The library built a new reading corner in cooperation with the community. 图书馆与社区合作建了新的阅读角。 • Our success depends on mutual cooperation.我们的成功取决于相互合作。 • She's always cooperative when working in groups.小组合作时她总是很配合。 Exercises 1.cooperate v. 合作；配合，是由动词 operate（操作）＋前缀co-（表示共同、一起）构成。 常用短语：（1） cooperate to do sth _________（2） cooperate with sb _________ （3） cooperate on sth_________ 常见短语：（1） in cooperation with_________（2）mutual cooperation_________ 其他同根词：（1）_________（n.合作）（2） _________ （adj. 配合的） 2. Every time before a family dinner party, they will_________（合作）to plan a menu. 3. Tom is a_________(cooperate) student who never refuses to help his classmates. 4. The community center organized a sports day in_________(cooperate) with the local school. 5.我们在小组讨论时总是和同桌合作。 We always_________ _________our deskmate during group discussions. 1.常用短语：（1） 合作做某事（2）与某人合作（3）在某件事上合作 常见短语： 与⋯合作（介词短语，常作状语）；相互合作 其他同根词：（1）cooperation（2） cooperative 2. cooperate 3. cooperative 4. cooperation 5. cooperate with 2.survey • To make a new map of our town, they need to do a careful survey. 为了制作我们小镇的新地图，他们需要进行仔细的测绘。 • Our group will do a survey about students' weekend plans. 我们小组要做一项关于学生周末计划的调查。 • The teacher asked us to conduct a survey on school lunch. 老师让我们就学校午餐进行调查。 •There's a new survey of neighborhood green spaces.有一项关于社区绿地的新调查。 • We survey students' favorite books every semester.我们每学期都调查学生最爱的书籍。 • They surveyed parents about kids' screen time.他们就孩子的屏幕使用时间调查了家长。 Exercises 1.survey 可作名词，也可作动词。 作名词时，常用短语：do a survey_________conduct a survey_________ a survey of sth _________ 作动词时，常用短语：survey sb about sth _________ 2.我们小组为了这个项目就老师们最爱的课堂工具对他们进行了调查。 My group_________ _________ _________ _________their favorite classroom tools for the project. 1.常用短语：做调查； 进行调查；关于某事的调查；就某事调查某人 2. surveyed the teachers about 3.operate • My uncle can operate this new printing machine easily.我叔叔能轻松操作这台新印刷机。 • Surgeons operated on the dog to remove a small stone from its stomach. 外科医生给这只狗做手术，取出了胃里的小石子。 • Students learn to operate 3D printers in the school's tech club.学生们在学校科技社团学习操作3D打印机。 • The new library rules will come into operation next week.新的图书馆规定下周开始实施。 • The old windmill has been in operation for over 50 years.这座旧风车已经运行了50多年。 • The doctor will perform an operation on her leg tomorrow.医生明天要给她的腿做手术。 •The call center operator helped me solve the phone problem. 呼叫中心话务员帮我解决了手机问题。 Exercises 1.operate vi. 操作；运行vi. 动手术→_________n.操作；运行；手术 →_________ n.操作员 operate 常用短语：（1） operate a device/machine _________（2） operate on sb_________ 其他同根词常见短语：（1） come into operation _________（2） be in operation_________ （3） perform an operation on⋯_________ 2.The new subway line_________ _________ _________(operate) since last year, making commuting easier. 3. The cat needs an_________ (operate) to fix its broken paw. 4.在工厂里，工人们接受培训以正确操作机器。 In the factory, workers are trained to_________ _________ _________. 1.operation ；operator 常用短语：（1） 操作设备/ 机器（2）给某人做手术 其他同根词常见短语：（1）开始实施；开始运行（2）正在运行；正在使用（3）给…做手术 2. has been operated 3. operation 4. operate machines correctly Unit 7 Section A 1.traditional • She wears a traditional dress on her birthday.她生日时穿了一件传统连衣裙。 • This style of music is traditional in our hometown.这种音乐风格在我们家乡是传统的。 • Traditionally, people eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.传统上，人们在春节吃饺子。 • We need to learn more about the traditional culture. 我们需要更多地了解传统文化。 Exercises 1.traditional adj. 传统的，由tradition n.传统＋形容词后缀-al 构成，其副词形式是_________ traditional culture/customs/festival/food___________________________ 2. The old tailor still makes clothes with_________(tradition) techniques. 归纳拓展 1.traditionally ；统文化/ 习俗/ 节日/食物 2.traditional 2.electric • This electric bike runs very fast.这辆电动自行车跑得很快。 • An electric fan keeps us cool in summer.电风扇在夏天让我们保持凉爽。 • The atmosphere at the basketball final was electric.篮球决赛的氛围令人激动。 • Turning off unused lights helps save electricity.关掉不用的灯有助于节约电。 • The school has new electrical equipment for science class.学校为科学课配备了新的电气设备。 Exercises 1.electric 及其同根词：_________adj. 电的；电动的_________adj.电气的；发电的 _________ n.电；电力 常用短语：electric bike_________；electric fan_________electric light_________ electrical equipment_________electrical problem_________electrical engineering_________ 其他词义：electric 还有“_________”的意思。 2.老师在课上教我们如何修理小的电气故障。 The teacher taught us how to fix small_________ _________ in class. 1.同根词：electric ；electrical ；electricity 常用短语： 电动自行车； 电风扇电灯；电气设备； 电气故障； 电气工程 其他词义：令人激动的 2. electrical problems 3.performer • Jack dreams of being a famous performer in the future. 杰克梦想未来成为一名著名的表演者。 • The live performer received loud cheers after finishing the song. 这位现场演奏者演奏完曲子后，收到了热烈的欢呼声。 • The band will perform at the school concert tomorrow. 这支乐队明天将在学校音乐会上表演。 • We need to perform this task carefully to avoid mistakes. 我们需要认真执行这项任务，以免出错。 • The actor's performance in the play was praised by many people. 这位演员在戏剧中的表演受到了很多人的赞扬。 Exercises 1.performer n. 演奏者；表演者 短语：（1）talented performer_________（2） live performer_________ 相关词：_________ n. 表演；演出（侧重“表演的行为或成果”） 2.The actor’s_________(perform) in the play was full of energy. 3. The street_________(perform)sang songs to attract people's attention. 4. We were all amazed by the singer's wonderful_________(perform) last night. 5.那位舞蹈表演者在舞台上的每一个动作都充满了力量。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________ 1.短语：（1）有天赋的表演者（2）现场表演者 相关词：performance 2.performance 3. performer 4. performance 5. Every movement of the dance performer on the stage is full of power. 4.poet • Li Bai is a great poet in Chinese history.李白是中国历史上伟大的诗人。 • Many young poets share their works online now.现在很多年轻诗人在网上分享作品。 • The sunset over the lake has a poetic beauty.湖上的日落有种诗意的美。 • She loves reading poetry in her free time.她空闲时喜欢读诗歌。 Exercises 1.poet n. 诗人 →_________ adj. 诗意的；诗歌的→_________ n. 诗歌；诗作（不可数）→_________n. 诗 常用短语：modern poets _________；the poetic beauty_________；a poetry collection_________ 2.夕阳下的老街有种诗意的韵味。 The old street under the sunset has a _________ _________. 辨析 poet 指“诗人”，是可数名词，复数直接加-s。 poem “诗；诗歌”，可数名词。 poetic 修饰名词，描述“有诗歌特质的事物”，如风景、语言。 poetry 指“诗歌这一文学形式”，不可数，不能说 ““a poetry”，表达“一首诗”用 “a poem”。 1.poetic；poetry；poem 常用短语：现代诗人； 诗意的美；诗集 2. poetic charm 5.show an interest in • The little girl shows an interest in colorful butterflies. 这个小女孩对色彩鲜艳的蝴蝶表现出兴趣。 • Tom started to show an interest in playing the piano this term. 汤姆这学期开始对弹钢琴表现出兴趣。 • My brother takes an interest in space exploration. 我弟弟对太空探索产生兴趣。 • Most students are interested in after-school clubs. 大多数学生对课外社团感兴趣。 • Reading picture books helps kids develop an interest in stories. 读绘本帮助孩子们培养对故事的兴趣。 Exercises 1.短语 show an interest in的构成：动词 show+名词短语 an interest+ 介词 in，对……表现出兴趣，强调外在的、可见的兴趣、行为或态度。用法：后接名词、代词或动名词，说明“对什么事物表现出兴趣”。 类似结构还有：（1） take an interest in_________（2） be interested in sth_________ （3） develop an interest in_________ 2.-Are you_________ in joining the school's science club? -Yes, I am. I find science very_________. A. interested; interested B. interesting; interesting C. interested; interesting D. interesting; interested 3. My uncle takes_________ interest in growing vegetables in his small garden. 4.莉莉放学后对做手工艺品表现出兴趣。 Lily_________ _________ _________in making handicrafts after school. 1.（1）对…产生兴趣 (2) 对…感兴趣 （3）培养对…的兴趣 2.C 3.an 4.shows an interest 6.no longer • She is no longer a shy girl.她不再是个害羞的女孩了。 • We no longer live in that old house.我们不再住在那栋老房子里了。 • From now on, he will no longer play video games all day. 从现在起，他不会再整天玩电子游戏了。 • They don't talk to each other any longer.他们不再互相说话了。 • She didn't cry any more when she saw her mom.看到妈妈后，她不再哭了。 Exercises 1.Don't do everything for him.He is_________a child. He can do it himself. A. not longer B. any more C. not more D. no longer 2. My grandfather_________lives in the old house. He moved to a new community last month. A. not longer B. no longer C. not any longer D. no any longer 3. We no longer used the old camera.（同义句转换） We_________use the old camera_________ _________. 4.他不再抱怨附近的噪音。 He doesn't complain about the noise in the neighborhood_________ _________. 辨析 no longer 放在be 动词后/实义动词前，表示时间/状态/动作的延续性终止。 eg. He is no longer interested.他不再感兴趣了。 not.. any longer 放在句末，表示时间/状态/动作的延续性终止。 e.g. He isn't interested any longer.他不再感兴趣了。 not.. any more 放在句末，表示数量/次数的终止或动作彻底停止。可与瞬间动词连用，如hear, see, leave 等。 e.g. I don't smoke any more.我不再抽烟了。 1. D 2. B 3. didn't; any longer 4.any more Unit 7 Section B 1.gifted • The boy is gifted in playing table tennis.这个男孩在打乒乓球方面有天赋。 • He's a very gifted young pianist.他是一位非常有天赋的年轻钢琴家。 • My deskmate is gifted at solving puzzles.我的同桌在解谜题方面有天赋。 • This school has a special class for gifted students.这所学校为有天赋的学生开设了特色班。 Exercises 1.gifted adj. 有天赋的 →_________ n. 天赋；礼物 常用短语：（1）be gifted in/at _________（2） a gifted student_________ 2. My neighbor is gifted_________science and technology. 3. Lily is gifted at_________(draw) on the computer. 4.这个展览上有很多有天赋的艺术家的作品。 There are many works by_________ _________at the exhibition. 1.gift 常用短语：（1）在⋯方面有天赋（2）一名有天赋的学生 2. in 3. drawing 4. gifted artists 2.characteristic • Bright patterns are the characteristic part of this brand's clothes. 鲜艳的图案是这个品牌服装的典型元素。 • Warm hospitality is characteristic of the local people here. 热情好客是这里当地人的特点。 • One key characteristic of these animals is their ability to see in the dark. 这些动物的一个关键特征是它们在黑暗中看得见的能力。 • We should remember the main characteristics of the four seasons. 我们应该记住四季的主要特征。 Exercises 1.characteristic n. 特征；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的→_________ n. 性格；人物 2.常用短语： (1) be characteristic of _________(2) the characteristic of _________ (3) have the characteristic of _________ 3.这些花具有在清晨绽放的特征。 These flowers have _________ _________ _________blooming in the early morning. 1.character 2.常用短语：(1) 具有⋯⋯的特征 (2) ⋯⋯的特征 (3) 具有⋯⋯的特征 3.the characteristic of 3.valuable •We should record every valuable idea in class. 我们应该把课堂上每一个有价值的想法记录下来。 •This old photo album is a valuable gift from mygrandma. 这本旧相册是奶奶送我的一个珍贵礼物。 • Your patience in teaching me English is really valuable to me. 你教我英语时的耐心，对我来说真的很宝贵。 • Free online learning resources are more valuable than many expensive books for students. 对学生来说，免费的在线学习资源比很多昂贵的书更有价值。 Exercises 1.valuable adj. 宝贵的；贵重的→_________ n.价值v.珍视→_________adv. 有价值地 常用短语：（1）valuable advice/experience/time_________（2） be valuable to sb _________ 2.从事这项工程使他获得了宝贵的经验。 He gained_________ _________while working on the project. 1.value ；valuably 常用短语：（1）宝贵的建议/经验/ 时间（2） 对某人有价值 2.valuable experience 4.proudly •Mia held her hand-sewn cloth rabbit proudly andgave it to her little cousin. 米娅自豪地拿着她亲手缝的布兔子，把它送给了表妹。 • The snow-capped mountains stood proudly against the blue sky. 在蓝天的映衬下，白雪覆盖的山脉壮观地矗立着。 • She is proud of her hand-painted cards for the elderly in the neighborhood. 她为自己给社区老人手绘的贺卡感到自豪。 • A sense of pride filled her when she saw the stray cat she rescued becoming healthy. 看到自己救助的流浪猫变得健康，她充满了自豪感。 Exercises 1.proudly adv.骄傲地；自豪地；壮观地 → _________ n.骄傲；自豪 → _________adj. 骄傲的 proudly 的同根词的常用短语； （1） be proud of _________（2） filled with pride _________（3） take pride in _________ 2. After saving the lost cat，Tom stood_________(proud) when the cat's owner thanked him. 3. The________(proudly) boy talked about how he helped a lost child find his parents yesterday. 4.这是属于你们的一天，你们应该充满骄傲。 This is your day and you should be_________ _________ _________. 1.pride；proud 常用短语：（1） ……感到自豪（2）充满自豪（3）为……感到自豪 2. proudly 3. proud 4. filled with pride 5.fair • It's not fair to blame him for the things he didn'tdo.因为他没做的事而责备他，这是不公平的。 • We need to find a fair solution to this problem.我们需要找到一个合理的办法来解决这个问题。 •They had a great time at the county fair last weekend.上周末他们在县集市上玩得很开心。 • The kids love going to the fair to ride the roller coaster.孩子们喜欢去露天游乐场坐过山车。 Exercises 1.fair adj. 公平的；合理的→ _________ adv. 公平地；相当地 常用短语：（1）fair and square _________（2） fair play _________（3） a fair chance _________（4） a school fair _________ 2. They had fun at the _________(fair) last night, playing games and eating snacks. 3. 我们需要一个公平的规则来解决这个问题。 We need_________ _________ _________ to solve this problem. 1.fairly 常用短语：（1）光明正大（2）公平办事（3）一个公平的机会（4）校园集市 2. fair 3. a fair rule 6.imagination • Children usually have very rich imagination.孩子们通常有非常丰富的想象力。 • With a little imagination, you can turn this old box into a beautiful shelf. 只要有一点想象力，你就能把这个旧盒子变成一个漂亮的架子。 • The story is full of imagination and takes us to a magical world. 这个故事充满想象，把我们带到了一个神奇的世界。 Exercises 1.imagination n. 想象力；想象 常用短语：（1）rich imagination__________（2） full of imagination __________ （3） beyond imagination__________ 同根词：（1）__________v. 想象；设想（2）__________adj. 富有想象力的 2.With__________(imagine),you can draw a colorful world. 3. 这部电影激发了孩子们的想象力。 This movie__________ __________ __________. 1.常用短语：（1）丰富的想象力（2） 充满想象力（3） 超乎想象 同根词：（1） imagine （2）imaginative 2. imagination 3. inspires children's imagination Unit 8 Section A 1.compete • She wants to compete in the school piano contest.她想参加学校的钢琴比赛。 • Two teams are competing with each other for the final victory. 两支队伍正在为最终的胜利互相竞争。 • Hundreds of students are competing for the scholarship.数百名学生正在竞争这笔奖学金。 • Our school will hold an English writing competition next month. 我们学校下个月将举办一场英语写作比赛。 Exercises 1.派生词:compete 及相关词形：compete v. 参加比赛；竞争→__________n. 竞争者；参赛者 →__________ n. 比赛；竞赛 常用短语：（1）compete in sth__________（2） compete with/against sb__________ （3） compete for sth__________ 2. There will be a drawing__________(compete) in our class next week. 3. Every__________(compete) is busy preparing for the speech contest. 4.我将和我的同班同学角逐数学一等奖。 I will__________ __________my classmate for the first prize in math. 1.competitor；competition 常用短语：（1） 参加某项比赛/活动（2） 与某人竞争（3）为某物竞争 2. competition 3. competitor 4. compete with/against 2.judge • The judge decided to give him a second chance.法官决定给他第二次机会。 • The talent show needs three more judges.这场才艺表演还需要三名裁判。 • We can judge a person by his actions.我们可以通过一个人的行为来判断他。 • I judge him to be honest.我认为他是诚实的。 • From his smile, I judge that he is very happy.从他的笑容来看，我判断他很开心。 Exercises 1.judge v.判断；认定→ __________ n.判断力；看法 judge 可作动词，意为“__________”，也可作名词，意为“__________”。 常用短语有：（1）judge by __________（2） judge from__________ （3） judge sb to be.. __________ 2.Don't judge a person__________his appearance. 3.__________(judge) from the smell, Mom is baking cookies. 4.If you tell AI "Guess if I'm happy today," it will fail to do it because it has no ability__________ (judge) human feelings. 5.我判断我们队会赢得这场比赛。 I__________ __________our team will win the game. 1.judgment ；“判断；认定”，；“法官；栽判员” 常用短语有：（1）凭⋯进行判断 (2) 从……来判断（3）判断/ 认为某人…… 2. by 3. Judging 4. to judge 5. judge that 3.advertisement • I saw an advertisement for a pet shop in the street. 我在街上看到一则宠物店的广告。 • The bookstore put an advertisement in the school newspaper. 这家书店在校园报上投放了一则广告。 • The bakery advertises its bread on WeChat. 这家面包店在微信上为它的面包做广告。 • We need to advertise for a housekeeper. 我们需要打广告招聘一名管家。 • This drink company is one of the biggest advertisers on TV. 这家饮料公司是电视上最大的广告客户之一。 Exercises 1.advertisement 广告；启事， 常用短语： （1）put an advertisement in/on sth__________（2）see/find an advertisement for sth__________ 相关词形及短语： （1） __________v. 做广告；宣传；征聘；登广告（2） __________ n. 广告商；广告客户 （3） advertise for sb/sth__________ 2. The community is advertising__________volunteers to clean the park. 3. I saw an__________ (advertise) for pet adoption on the school noticeboard. 4.这家咖啡店在当地报纸上投放了一则广告，招聘兼职人员。 The café__________ __________ __________in the local newspaper to hire part-timers. 1.常用短语：（1）在某物上投放广告（2）看到 / 发现某物的广告 （1） advertise（2） advertiser（3） advertise for sb/sth 2. for 3. advertisement 4. put an advertisement 4.figure • She performed a beautiful figure on the ice.她在冰上表演了一个漂亮的动作。 • Can you read out this figure？你能大声读出这个数字吗？ • Qian Xuesen is a great figure in Chinese science history. 钱学森是中国科学史上的一位伟大的人物。 • I figure that we should start early tomorrow.我认为我们明天应该早点开始。 • I spent half an hour trying to figure out how to fix my broken bike. 我花了半小时，试图弄清楚怎么修理我坏了的自行车。 Exercises 1.figure 有名词、动词两种词性，作动词时，常用短语：figure out__________ figure 作名词时，常用短语：public figure__________ 2.The__________(figure) on the blackboard is hard to understand. 3. We must__________(figure) out how to solve this problem. 4.我认为他不会来聚会了。 I__________he won't come to the party. 1.弄清楚；算出；公众人物 2. figure 3. figure 4. figure 5.amaze • The little boy’s piano playing amazed everyone.这个小男孩的钢琴演奏让所有人都很惊奇。 • My sister amazed me with her hand-drawn card.我妹妹用她手绘的卡片让我很惊喜。 • We saw an amazing sunset by the sea.我们在海边看到了一场令人惊叹的日落。 • She was amazed at the size of the giant pumpkin.她对这个巨型南瓜的大小感到惊奇。 • They were amazed to see their favorite singer at the mall. 在商场看到他们最喜欢的歌手，他们感到很惊讶。 •To my amazement, the small seed grew into a tall tree. 令我惊奇的是，这颗小种子长成了一棵大树。 Exercises 1.amaze 及相关词：amaze v.使惊奇；使惊诧→__________ adj. 令人惊奇的 →__________ adj. 感到惊奇的→__________n. 惊奇 常见短语：（1）be amazed at/by sth__________（2） be amazed to do sth__________（3） amaze sb with sth__________（4） to one's amazement__________（5） in amazement __________ 2.And I suggest you should try the colour therapy. Co$