2025-2026学年人教版九年级下册英语语法专题突破-Unit3-动词不定式

该初中英语讲义通过“语法框架简表”系统构建动词不定式知识体系，以树状结构梳理作宾语、宾补、状语等句法功能，结合“语法要点精讲”表格呈现结构、用法、例句及中考注意，清晰展现重难点分布与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础关单选（如“The artist decided ______ a new style”）、进阶关语法填空、冲刺关句型转换与语篇应用，搭配易错点警示（如“主动省略被动还”口诀），助力学生提升语言运用能力与思维辨析能力，支持不同层次学生自主复习，便于教师实施精准教学。

人教版九年级下册英语·语法专题突破卷 Unit 3 动词不定式 专题3 Unit 3 动词不定式（Infinitives） 学生版 2024新人教版《英语》九年级下册 一、语法地图 本专题依据人教版2024新版教材《英语》九年级下册 Unit 3 A Taste of Art 编写 中考考法：中考常结合语境以单项选择、语法填空、完成句子等形式考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法，重在运用辨析。 【卷面总分】本卷满分 44 分。 【语法框架简表】 动词不定式 (to do) ├── 作宾语 (Object)：want / plan / decide / hope / fail / agree / refuse + to do ├── 作宾语补足语 (Object Complement)：tell / ask / want / expect / encourage + sb + (not) to do ├── 作状语 (Adverbial) │ ├── 目的状语：use sth to do / in order to do │ └── 原因/结果状语：be shocked / surprised / glad + to do └── 其他常见用法 ├── 主语补足语（被动）：be thought / said / believed + to be / to do ├── 作定语：the only way to do / something to eat └── 省略to：使役动词(let/make/have) + do；感官动词 + do（被动还原to） 二、语法要点精讲 【考点精讲】动词不定式的句法功能一览 结构 用法说明 例句 中考注意 动词 + to do （作宾语） 某些动词后接不定式作宾语，表示想要、计划、决定等意图。 I want to visit the art museum. She plans to study traditional Chinese painting. [★常考] want, plan, decide, hope, fail, agree, refuse, prefer, would like, promise 等动词后接 to do。 动词 + sb + (not) to do （作宾补） 不定式补充说明宾语将要做或不做某事。 The teacher told us not to touch the paintings. My parents expect me to work hard. [★常考] tell, ask, want, expect, advise, encourage, invite, warn 等后可接"宾语+不定式"。 被动语态中 不定式还原to 主动语态中make/let/have sb do，被动语态中to必须还原。 主动：The teacher made him clean the room. 被动：He was made to clean the room. [⚠️易错] 被动句中省略的to要补回来！这是考试中高频失分点。 use sth to do / in order to do （作状语） 表示目的，"用某物去做某事"或"为了做某事"。 Artists use colors to express feelings. In order to improve his painting skills, he practices every day. [★常考] in order to 可放句首或句中；so as to 只放句中，否定用 in order not to。 be + adj. + to do （作状语） 表示原因或某方面的感受，"做某事感到……"。 We were shocked to hear the news. I am glad to see you again. [★常考] be surprised / glad / sorry / sad / excited / proud / shocked to do。 be thought / said / believed + to do （主补） 被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语，说明主语被怎样认为。 The painting is thought to be 500 years old. He is said to have painted this picture in the 1950s. [⚠️易错] 注意 to be 与 to do 的区别；若强调动作已发生用 to have done。 名词 + to do （作定语） 不定式修饰前面的名词，说明名词的用途或内容。 I need a brush to paint with. The only way to solve the problem is to discuss it. [★常考] 若不定式与所修饰名词构成动宾关系，介词不可省略，如 a brush to paint WITH。 疑问词 + to do 疑问词后接不定式，相当于一个宾语从句的简化。 I don't know what to do next. Can you tell me how to get there? [★常考] what to do（what 作 do 的宾语，无 it）；how to do IT（需加宾语 it）。 三、易错点警示 【常见易错点】被动语态中to要还原！ 主动句 make / let / have sb do sth，被动句 sb be made TO do sth。比如 "He was made to clean the room." 不少同学写成 "He was made clean the room"，丢了这个to，一分就没了！记住口诀：主动省略被动还。 【常见易错点】否定词not的位置放错！ tell / ask / want sb not to do 中，否定词not必须放在to前面，即 tell sb NOT to do，而不是 tell sb don't do 或 tell sb to don't do。错例：My mother told me don't play games. ✗ 正例：My mother told me not to play games. ✓ 【常见易错点】expect sb to do 和 hope sb to do 混用！ expect 后可接"宾语+不定式"（expect sb to do），但 hope 不能！不能说 hope sb to do，只能说 hope to do 或 hope + that从句。错例：I hope him to come. ✗ 正例：I hope (that) he will come. ✓ / I expect him to come. ✓ 【常见易错点】be used to do 与 be used to doing 分不清！ be used to do = 被用来做某事（不定式，表目的/用途）；be used to doing = 习惯于做某事（介词to+动名词）。例：The brush is used to draw pictures.（被用来画画）/ I am used to drawing every day.（习惯画画） 【常见易错点】疑问词+不定式结构中多写或少写it！ what to do 没有 it，因为 what 就是 do 的宾语；how to do IT 必须有 it，因为 how 是状语，do 缺宾语。类似：where to go（无it，go不及物）；what to buy（无it，what作宾语）。 四、分层练习 基础关 ★ 单项选择（识记层，共12小题） 1. ★ The artist decided ______ a new style in his next painting. A. try B. trying C. tried D. to try 2. ★ My mother told me ______ too much time on computer games. A. not to spend B. don't spend C. to not spend D. not spending 3. ★ They plan ______ the art exhibition next Sunday. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 4. ★ The teacher asked the students ______ quiet in the museum. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 5. ★ In order ______ healthy, you should eat more vegetables. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep 6. ★ We were surprised ______ so many famous paintings in the gallery. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 7. ★ The old bowl is thought ______ from the Ming Dynasty. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 8. ★ I expect my son ______ hard for his dreams. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 9. ★ The only way ______ the problem is to discuss it with your parents. A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 10. ★ The boy was made ______ his room after school. A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to clean 11. ★ The art teacher often lets the students ______ freely in class. A. draw B. to draw C. drawing D. drew 12. ★ It is important ______ carefully before you start painting. A. think B. to think C. thinking D. thought 进阶关 ★★ 语法填空（理解运用层，共12小题） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 A young artist named Li Wei wants __1__ (become) famous. He decided __2__ (go) to Paris __3__ (study) art. His teacher told him __4__ (prepare) well before the trip. Li Wei planned __5__ (visit) as many museums as possible. He hoped __6__ (see) the Mona Lisa with his own eyes. In order __7__ (improve) his skills, he practiced painting every day. His parents encouraged him __8__ (work) harder. They expected him __9__ (create) something special one day. Li Wei promised __10__ (try) his best. 11. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 The students were told ______ (be) quiet in the museum. 12. The young painter is willing ______ (learn) from the old masters. 冲刺关 ★★★ 综合应用（综合层，共13小题） （一）句型转换（每空一词） 1. The teacher told the students, "Don't run in the hallway."（改为简单句） The teacher told the students ______ ______ ______ in the hallway. 2. "Did the artist use ink to draw the picture?" I wonder.（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） I wonder ______ the artist ______ ink to draw the picture. 3. People believe that the statue is very old.（改为被动语态） The statue _____________________________________________ very old. 4. He went to the library so that he could borrow some art books.（改为同义句） He went to the library ______ ______ ______ ______ some art books. 5. "What should I do next?" the girl asked.（改为简单句，用"疑问词+不定式"） The girl asked what ______ ______ next. 6. He is very excited. He can’t say a word.（合并为含 too...to 的简单句） He is ______ excited ______ say a word. 7. He wants to visit the art museum again.（改为同义句，用 would like to） He ______ ______ ______ the art museum again. （二）语篇应用——短文填空（每空一词） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（每空一词）。 The Palace Museum is a great place to visit. Many people come here __1__ enjoy traditional Chinese art. If you want __2__ learn about ancient paintings, this is the best place. You can expect the guides __3__ tell you interesting stories behind each work. Don't forget __4__ look at the details carefully. Artists in the past used simple brushstrokes __5__ express deep feelings. You will be surprised __6__ find how much emotion can be shown in one painting. 教辅资料教研组・2026 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级下册英语·语法专题突破卷 Unit 3 动词不定式 专题3 Unit 3 动词不定式（Infinitives） 教师版（含答案与超详解析） 2024新人教版《英语》九年级下册 一、语法地图 本专题依据人教版2024新版教材《英语》九年级下册 Unit 3 A Taste of Art 编写 中考考法：中考常结合语境以单项选择、语法填空、完成句子等形式考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法，重在运用辨析。 【卷面总分】本卷满分 44 分。 【评分标准】 · 基础关（单项选择，第1–12题）：每小题1分，共12分。 · 进阶关（语法填空，第1–12题）：每空1分，共12分。 · 冲刺关（句型转换，第1–7题）：每小题2分，共14分。 · 冲刺关（语篇应用，第1–6题）：每空1分，共6分。 · 合计：44分。 【语法框架简表】 动词不定式 (to do) ├── 作宾语 (Object)：want / plan / decide / hope / fail / agree / refuse + to do ├── 作宾语补足语 (Object Complement)：tell / ask / want / expect / encourage + sb + (not) to do ├── 作状语 (Adverbial) │ ├── 目的状语：use sth to do / in order to do │ └── 原因/结果状语：be shocked / surprised / glad + to do └── 其他常见用法 ├── 主语补足语（被动）：be thought / said / believed + to be / to do ├── 作定语：the only way to do / something to eat └── 省略to：使役动词(let/make/have) + do；感官动词 + do（被动还原to） 二、语法要点精讲 【考点精讲】动词不定式的句法功能一览 结构 用法说明 例句 中考注意 动词 + to do （作宾语） 某些动词后接不定式作宾语，表示想要、计划、决定等意图。 I want to visit the art museum. She plans to study traditional Chinese painting. [★常考] want, plan, decide, hope, fail, agree, refuse, prefer, would like, promise 等动词后接 to do。 动词 + sb + (not) to do （作宾补） 不定式补充说明宾语将要做或不做某事。 The teacher told us not to touch the paintings. My parents expect me to work hard. [★常考] tell, ask, want, expect, advise, encourage, invite, warn 等后可接"宾语+不定式"。 被动语态中 不定式还原to 主动语态中make/let/have sb do，被动语态中to必须还原。 主动：The teacher made him clean the room. 被动：He was made to clean the room. [⚠️易错] 被动句中省略的to要补回来！这是考试中高频失分点。 use sth to do / in order to do （作状语） 表示目的，"用某物去做某事"或"为了做某事"。 Artists use colors to express feelings. In order to improve his painting skills, he practices every day. [★常考] in order to 可放句首或句中；so as to 只放句中，否定用 in order not to。 be + adj. + to do （作状语） 表示原因或某方面的感受，"做某事感到……"。 We were shocked to hear the news. I am glad to see you again. [★常考] be surprised / glad / sorry / sad / excited / proud / shocked to do。 be thought / said / believed + to do （主补） 被动语态中，不定式作主语补足语，说明主语被怎样认为。 The painting is thought to be 500 years old. He is said to have painted this picture in the 1950s. [⚠️易错] 注意 to be 与 to do 的区别；若强调动作已发生用 to have done。 名词 + to do （作定语） 不定式修饰前面的名词，说明名词的用途或内容。 I need a brush to paint with. The only way to solve the problem is to discuss it. [★常考] 若不定式与所修饰名词构成动宾关系，介词不可省略，如 a brush to paint WITH。 疑问词 + to do 疑问词后接不定式，相当于一个宾语从句的简化。 I don't know what to do next. Can you tell me how to get there? [★常考] what to do（what 作 do 的宾语，无 it）；how to do IT（需加宾语 it）。 三、易错点警示 【常见易错点】被动语态中to要还原！ 主动句 make / let / have sb do sth，被动句 sb be made TO do sth。比如 "He was made to clean the room." 不少同学写成 "He was made clean the room"，丢了这个to，一分就没了！记住口诀：主动省略被动还。 【常见易错点】否定词not的位置放错！ tell / ask / want sb not to do 中，否定词not必须放在to前面，即 tell sb NOT to do，而不是 tell sb don't do 或 tell sb to don't do。错例：My mother told me don't play games. ✗ 正例：My mother told me not to play games. ✓ 【常见易错点】expect sb to do 和 hope sb to do 混用！ expect 后可接"宾语+不定式"（expect sb to do），但 hope 不能！不能说 hope sb to do，只能说 hope to do 或 hope + that从句。错例：I hope him to come. ✗ 正例：I hope (that) he will come. ✓ / I expect him to come. ✓ 【常见易错点】be used to do 与 be used to doing 分不清！ be used to do = 被用来做某事（不定式，表目的/用途）；be used to doing = 习惯于做某事（介词to+动名词）。例：The brush is used to draw pictures.（被用来画画）/ I am used to drawing every day.（习惯画画） 【常见易错点】疑问词+不定式结构中多写或少写it！ what to do 没有 it，因为 what 就是 do 的宾语；how to do IT 必须有 it，因为 how 是状语，do 缺宾语。类似：where to go（无it，go不及物）；what to buy（无it，what作宾语）。 四、分层练习 基础关 ★ 单项选择（识记层，共12小题） 1. ★ The artist decided ______ a new style in his next painting. 【答案】D A. try B. trying C. tried D. to try 2. ★ My mother told me ______ too much time on computer games. 【答案】A A. not to spend B. don't spend C. to not spend D. not spending 3. ★ They plan ______ the art exhibition next Sunday. 【答案】C A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 4. ★ The teacher asked the students ______ quiet in the museum. 【答案】B A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 5. ★ In order ______ healthy, you should eat more vegetables. 【答案】D A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep 6. ★ We were surprised ______ so many famous paintings in the gallery. 【答案】A A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 7. ★ The old bowl is thought ______ from the Ming Dynasty. 【答案】C A. be B. being C. to be D. been 8. ★ I expect my son ______ hard for his dreams. 【答案】B A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 9. ★ The only way ______ the problem is to discuss it with your parents. 【答案】C A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 10. ★ The boy was made ______ his room after school. 【答案】D A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to clean 11. ★ The art teacher often lets the students ______ freely in class. 【答案】A A. draw B. to draw C. drawing D. drew 12. ★ It is important ______ carefully before you start painting. 【答案】B A. think B. to think C. thinking D. thought 进阶关 ★★ 语法填空（理解运用层，共12小题） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 A young artist named Li Wei wants __1__ (become) famous. He decided __2__ (go) to Paris __3__ (study) art. His teacher told him __4__ (prepare) well before the trip. Li Wei planned __5__ (visit) as many museums as possible. He hoped __6__ (see) the Mona Lisa with his own eyes. In order __7__ (improve) his skills, he practiced painting every day. His parents encouraged him __8__ (work) harder. They expected him __9__ (create) something special one day. Li Wei promised __10__ (try) his best. 11. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 The students were told ______ (be) quiet in the museum. 12. The young painter is willing ______ (learn) from the old masters. 冲刺关 ★★★ 综合应用（综合层，共13小题） （一）句型转换（每空一词） 1. The teacher told the students, "Don't run in the hallway."（改为简单句） 【答案】not to run The teacher told the students ______ ______ ______ in the hallway. （not to run） 2. "Did the artist use ink to draw the picture?" I wonder.（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） 【答案】whether/if; used I wonder ______ the artist ______ ink to draw the picture. （whether/if; used） 3. People believe that the statue is very old.（改为被动语态） 【答案】is believed to be The statue _____________________________________________ very old. （is believed to be） 4. He went to the library so that he could borrow some art books.（改为同义句） 【答案】in order to borrow He went to the library ______ ______ ______ ______ some art books. （in order to borrow） 5. "What should I do next?" the girl asked.（改为简单句，用"疑问词+不定式"） 【答案】to do The girl asked what ______ ______ next. （to do） 6. He is very excited. He can’t say a word.（合并为含 too...to 的简单句） 【答案】too; to He is ______ excited ______ say a word. （too; to） 7. He wants to visit the art museum again.（改为同义句，用 would like to） 【答案】would like to He ______ ______ ______ the art museum again. （would like to） （二）语篇应用——短文填空（每空一词） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（每空一词）。 The Palace Museum is a great place to visit. Many people come here __1__ enjoy traditional Chinese art. If you want __2__ learn about ancient paintings, this is the best place. You can expect the guides __3__ tell you interesting stories behind each work. Don't forget __4__ look at the details carefully. Artists in the past used simple brushstrokes __5__ express deep feelings. You will be surprised __6__ find how much emotion can be shown in one painting. 五、答案与超详解析 【基础关】单项选择答案与解析 1. 【答案】D【答案】D 【解析】decide 后接不定式作宾语，decide to do sth "决定做某事"。A为动词原形，B为动名词，C为过去式，均不符合。 2. 【答案】A 【解析】tell sb not to do sth 为固定结构，否定词not放在to前面。B用了助动词don't，C将not放在to后，D用了动名词，均错误。 3. 【答案】C 【解析】plan 后接不定式作宾语，plan to do sth "计划做某事"。 4. 【答案】B 【解析】ask sb to do sth 为固定结构，不定式作宾补。 5. 【答案】D【答案】D 【解析】in order to do sth 为固定搭配，表示目的，"为了保持健康"。 6. 【答案】A【答案】A 【解析】be surprised to do sth 为固定结构，不定式作原因状语，"惊讶地发现/看到"。 7. 【答案】C【答案】C 【解析】be thought to be 为被动语态中的主语补足语，"被认为……"。 8. 【答案】B【答案】B 【解析】expect sb to do sth 为固定结构，不定式作宾补，"期望某人做某事"。注意hope不能接sb to do。 9. 【答案】C 【解析】the only way to do sth 中不定式作定语，修饰way，"做某事的方法"。 10. 【答案】D【答案】D 【解析】make sb do sth 在被动语态中要还原to，即 sb be made TO do sth。这是中考高频易错点。 11. 【答案】A 【解析】let sb do sth 为固定结构，使役动词后接动词原形，省略to，意为"让某人做某事"。 12. 【答案】B 【解析】It is + adj + to do sth 为固定句式，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to think carefully，"动手画画前仔细思考很重要"。 【进阶关】语法填空答案与解析 1. 【答案】to become 【解析】want to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。 2. 【答案】to go 【解析】decide to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。 3. 【答案】to study 【解析】不定式作目的状语，说明去巴黎的目的。 4. 【答案】to prepare 【解析】tell sb to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾补。 5. 【答案】to visit 【解析】plan to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。 6. 【答案】to see 【解析】hope to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。 7. 【答案】to improve 【解析】in order to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作目的状语。 8. 【答案】to work 【解析】encourage sb to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾补。 9. 【答案】to create 【解析】expect sb to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾补。 10. 【答案】to try 【解析】promise to do sth 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。 11. 【答案】to be 【解析】tell sb to do sth 的被动语态为 sb be told to do sth，不定式保留to，"学生们被告知在博物馆里要保持安静"。 12. 【答案】to learn 【解析】be willing to do sth 为固定搭配，不定式作宾语，意为"愿意做某事"。 【冲刺关】综合应用答案与解析 （一）句型转换 1. 【答案】not to run 【解析】直接引语否定祈使句 → tell sb not to do sth 2. 【答案】whether/if; used 【解析】一般疑问句变宾语从句用whether/if引导，陈述语序，时态呼应。 3. 【答案】is believed to be 【解析】People believe that... → sth is believed to be... 4. 【答案】in order to borrow 【解析】so that + 从句 → in order to do 5. 【答案】to do 【解析】what to do = what I should do，what作do的宾语，不加it。 6. 【答案】too; to 【解析】too...to 意为"太……而不能"，合并两个句子：He is too excited to say a word.（他太激动了，说不出话来。） 7. 【答案】would like to 【解析】would like to do = want to do，两者可以互换，"他想要再次参观那家艺术博物馆"。 （二）语篇应用——短文填空 1. 【答案】to 【解析】come here to do sth，不定式作目的状语。 2. 【答案】to 【解析】want to do sth，不定式作宾语。 3. 【答案】to 【解析】expect sb to do sth，不定式作宾补。 4. 【答案】to 【解析】forget to do sth，不定式作宾语（不要忘记去做）。 5. 【答案】to 【解析】use sth to do sth，不定式作目的状语。 6. 【答案】to 【解析】be surprised to do sth，不定式作原因状语。 【答题技巧】 【答题技巧——不定式题三步法】 第一步：看空格前有没有 to。如果有，后面常用动词原形构成不定式；如果没有，考虑该动词是否后接不定式作宾语/宾补。 第二步：判断句子成分。主语后缺宾语→可能用 to do；宾语后补充说明→可能用宾补 to do；句首或句中表目的→用 to do / in order to do。 第三步：注意特殊动词。make/let/have 在主动句中省略to，被动句还原to；hope 不接 sb to do；tell/ask/want 后接 sb (not) to do。 【中考链接】 近年中考对动词不定式的考查主要集中在： 1. 固定搭配：want/plan/decide/hope/promise/expect/agree/refuse + to do（高频） 2. 宾补结构：tell/ask/want/expect/encourage/advise + sb + (not) to do（高频） 3. 被动还原：be made to do / be asked to do / be told to do（易错高频） 4. 目的状语：use sth to do / in order to do（中频） 5. 主补结构：be thought/said/believed to be / to do（中频） 建议重点掌握上述5类结构，并能在语篇中准确识别和运用。 教辅资料教研组・2026 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $