Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习2026-2027学年上海沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册英语练习2

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时，以“结构-意义-副词-功能”为逻辑主线，通过智能家庭主题场景化训练构建系统性语法方法体系，提升语言应用与思维辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力热身|10分（5空）|结合智能家居场景输入语法语境|通过真实情境感知现在完成时应用| |语法要点梳理|4项核心要点|结构（构成/句式）、意义（对现在影响）、副词（already/yet等用法）、功能（经历/变化/完成）|从形式到意义再到功能，层层递进| |单项选择|60题|对比辨析（与一般过去时/现在进行时等）、副词搭配、语境应用|覆盖核心考法与易错点，强化时态差异判断| |语法选择|10分（10题）|语篇中综合运用语法规则|在上下文连贯中深化语法知识迁移|

学校：___________ 姓名：___________ 班级：___________ 考号：___________ 上海沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习 （学生版） 上海沪教版（五四学制） 七年级上册英语 本专题依据沪教版七年级上册 Unit 4 Smart home 的语法要点设计，围绕现在完成时的结构、核心意义、常见副词及功能进行梳理。 一、听力热身（共10分） A.（共10分，每题2分） Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列句子，每空格不超过三词）：【此处可播放相关音频，请去听力文件查看】 1. People have started using smart devices to control __________, __________ and security. 2. My family has recently bought a smart speaker, and we have already connected it to the lights in our __________ __________. 3. My mother has used a smart fridge for a long time. It tells her when the food is __________ __________. 4. My little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his __________ __________. 5. However, some people have __________ __________ used to these changes yet. 二、本单元语法要点梳理 1. 现在完成时的结构 （1）现在完成时由助动词 have 或 has 加动词的过去分词构成。主语为第三人称单数时用 has，其他情况用 have。 （2）肯定句结构为“主语 + have/has + 过去分词”，否定句在 have/has 后加 not，可缩写为 haven't/hasn't；一般疑问句将 have/has 提到主语之前。 （3）规则动词的过去分词通常由动词原形加 -ed 构成，与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆，如 do—done, go—gone, see—seen。 （4）例如：The smart home system has connected all the devices. 智能家居系统已经连接了所有设备。否定形式：I haven't installed the new app. 我还没有安装新应用。疑问形式：Has the robot cleaned the floor? 机器人已经打扫地板了吗？ 2. 现在完成时表示对现在的影响或结果 （1）现在完成时可以表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或结果，强调动作的完成与现状之间的联系。 （2）与一般过去时不同，现在完成时不强调动作发生的具体时间，而一般过去时只描述过去的事实。例如：I have turned on the lights.（灯现在亮着）与 I turned on the lights just now.（只说明刚才开灯的动作）所表达的重点不同。 （3）例如：The smart lock has already opened the door, so we can go in. 智能锁已经开了门，所以我们可以进去。这里的“门已经开了”就是过去动作对现在造成的结果。 3. 现在完成时的常见副词 （1）现在完成时常与 already, just, yet, ever, never 等副词连用，这些词通常放在 have/has 与过去分词之间。 （2）already 和 just 多用于肯定句，already 表示“已经”，just 表示“刚刚”；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，表示“还（未）”；ever 用于疑问句，表示“曾经”；never 表示“从未”，本身含有否定意义。 （3）注意：yet 的位置一般在句末，而其他副词通常放在助动词与过去分词之间。例如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而不能说 Have you yet finished your homework? （4）例如：I have just started the robot vacuum. 我刚启动了扫地机器人。Have you ever used a voice-controlled speaker? 你曾用过声控音箱吗？No, I have never tried it. 不，我从没试过。 4. 现在完成时的功能：经历、变化与完成 （1）现在完成时可以描述某人到目前为止的经历，常与 ever, never 连用，或用于 have/has been to 表示“去过某地”。 （2）现在完成时还可以描述过去开始并持续到现在的变化，强调事物在不同时间点上的改变。 （3）此外，现在完成时可以表示已经完成的事情，强调动作已经结束，但不指明具体时间。 （4）例如：Smart homes have changed the way we live. 智能家居已经改变了我们的生活方式。She has been to the smart home exhibition twice. 她去过两次智能家居展。 三、单项选择（共60题） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. Have you ____ the new smart home video? I think it is really interesting. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches 2. I ____ my smartwatch, so I cannot check the time on my wrist now. A. lost B. have lost C. lose D. will lose 3. Have you ____ been to the new smart home exhibition in the city centre? A. ever B. yet C. already D. just 4. The smart devices in my home ____ a lot since we installed them last year. A. changed B. have changed C. change D. are changing 5. She ____ the smart lights off already, so the whole room is dark now. A. has turned B. turned C. turn D. turns 6. Yesterday afternoon at three o'clock, my sister ____ a book in the school library while I was playing computer games. A. has read B. was reading C. reads D. is reading 7. My mother ____ the kitchen yet, so we cannot cook dinner in our smart home now. A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean C. doesn't clean D. isn't cleaning 8. Last month, my family ____ a trip to Beijing and visited many famous places. A. has taken B. took C. takes D. is taking 9. My brother ____ his homework, so he can go out and play with his friends now. A. has finished B. finished C. finishes D. is finishing 10. Look! The children ____ in the garden now, so you can see them there. A. have played B. are playing C. played D. play 11. My father usually ____ the lights in our smart home before he goes to bed. A. has turned off B. turned off C. turns off D. has already turned off 12. The city ____ many new smart bus stops over the past two years. A. built B. has built C. builds D. is building 13. Everyone knows that water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level under normal conditions. A. has boiled B. boiled C. is boiling D. boils 14. I can't open the door because I ____ my smart key at home. A. have left B. left C. leave D. am leaving 15. Tom ____ his smart watch two days ago, but he hasn't told his parents yet. A. loses B. is losing C. lost D. has lost 16. The family is in the living room now and they ____ a programme about smart homes. A. have watched B. are watching C. watched D. watch 17. My younger brother ____ his homework, so he can play outside with his friends now. A. finishes B. has finished C. finished D. is finishing 18. When I entered the living room last night, my father ____ something on his phone. A. has read B. was reading C. reads D. read 19. I ____ my new smart speaker yet, so I cannot tell you if it is good. A. haven't tried B. didn't try C. don't try D. won't try 20. Susan ____ to the science museum twice, so she knows a lot about space. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 21. In two days, the smart home system ____ the lights automatically before we arrive home from school. A. will turn on B. has turned on C. turned on D. turns on 22. The smart home system ____ all the windows, so the room is very warm now. A. has closed B. closed C. closes D. will close 23. Yesterday, the engineer said the smart home system ____ a new security update by Friday. A. would receive B. has received C. received D. will receive 24. My family ____ many smart devices in our home over the past year, and life is easier. A. has installed B. installed C. installs D. will install 25. The teacher asked us whether we ____ the smart home project last week, and we said yes. A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. finish 26. My sister ____ her leg, so she cannot walk to school today. A. has broken B. broke C. breaks D. have broken 27. When I entered the kitchen, Mum ____ dinner and asked me to help. A. was cooking B. has cooked C. cooked D. is cooking 28. My family ____ a new car last month, and we like it very much. A. have bought B. bought C. has bought D. buy 29. She ____ in this neighbourhood since 2015, so she knows it very well. A. has lived B. lived C. has live D. have lived 30. Dad ____ dinner in the kitchen now, so please be quiet and wait. A. has cooked B. cooked C. is cooking D. cooks 31. Mrs Li ______ already taught her smart speaker to lock the door by itself, so it is safe now. A. has B. have C. did D. is 32. My father ______ a cup of coffee every morning after he gets up, so he feels awake. A. has drunk B. drank C. drinks D. is drinking 33. The sun ______ in the east every morning, and everyone knows this simple fact. A. has risen B. rises C. rose D. is rising 34. Dad ______ the broken smart lock, so we can open the door again. A. fixes B. fixed C. is fixing D. has fixed 35. Tom ______ a new bike yesterday, and he has already ridden it to school today. A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. is buying 36. I can see that my hometown ____ a lot since I was a child. A. has changed B. changed C. changes D. is changing 37. My little brother and his friends ____ football on the playground at the moment. A. are playing B. have played C. play D. played 38. When I saw him at the library yesterday, he ____ a book. A. was reading B. has read C. read D. reads 39. My mother has not finished cooking ____, so we have to wait. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 40. He ____ his homework yet, so he can't go out to play. A. hasn't finished B. didn't finish C. doesn't finish D. isn't finishing 41. Grandpa Li ____ the smart door lock in his home many times since he moved in. A. has used B. have used C. uses D. used 42. My family ____ on a trip to Hangzhou next month, and we are all excited. A. has gone B. will go C. goes D. went 43. Have you ____ visited the new science museum that opened in our city last week? A. yet B. already C. ever D. just 44. She told me that she ____ a smart home system in her new flat the next day. A. will install B. has installed C. installs D. would install 45. I think that my brother ____ his homework already, so he can play outside. A. has finished B. have finished C. finishes D. finished 46. My little brother ____ his phone, so he cannot answer my call now. A. has lost B. lost C. is losing D. loses 47. While I ____ in the park this morning, I saw a wild rabbit. A. walked B. was walking C. has walked D. walks 48. My family and I ____ the smart home exhibition twice since last year. A. visited B. are visiting C. have visited D. visit 49. Last Spring Festival, my family and relatives ____ a big dinner together at my grandparents' home. A. have had B. have C. are having D. had 50. My younger sister ____ her room now, so she can't answer the door. A. is cleaning B. has cleaned C. cleans D. cleaned 51. My younger brother ____ already ____ his lunch, so he is not feeling hungry now. A. has had B. had C. have had D. has have 52. My mother ____ us to school every day, and she never complains about the traffic. A. has driven B. drives C. drove D. has drive 53. All the students in our class ____ the classroom, so it looks very clean now. A. cleaned B. have clean C. have cleaned D. has cleaned 54. Everyone knows that the sun ____ in the east every morning, without exception. A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. has rise 55. My uncle ____ to Shanghai last week, and he visited the science museum there. A. has gone B. went C. has been D. goes 56. My cousin ( ) her homework, so she is watching a film in the living room now. A. has finished B. finished C. is finishing D. finishes 57. Our neighbour's dog ( ) loudly in the garden, and I can hear it clearly now. A. has barked B. barked C. is barking D. barks 58. My sister ( ) her phone at school, so she is using my phone to call Mom now. A. has left B. left C. leaves D. is leaving 59. Yesterday at eight o'clock, my brother ( ) his homework when the power suddenly went out. A. has done B. did C. was doing D. is doing 60. My uncle ( ) to Beijing twice, and he likes the food there very much. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 四、语法选择（共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My family has a smart home system. Last year, my father bought 1 smart control hub. Now we have many smart 2 at home. There 3 three smart speakers in our rooms. I like to ask 4 to play music or tell me stories at night. My mother says the smart home system 5 our life easier. It is very convenient. One evening, we 6 watching TV when suddenly the power went off. The lights turned off, and the TV screen became black. My father checked the network, but everything seemed fine. Then my mother tried to restart the smart hub, but it did not help. We had to use candles for light 7 read books instead of watching TV. It was a strange evening, but we actually enjoyed the quiet time together. The next morning, the technician came and found that the smart hub had a serious problem. He repaired it and also advised us to keep some traditional devices as backup. He said the smart speaker 8 not be repaired easily, so we bought a new one. Now we have a new smart speaker. It works very well 9 home. Smart home devices are 10 , but we should also learn to do things by ourselves. Sometimes, a simple life is better. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．不填 2．A．device B．devices C．device's D．devices' 3．A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 5．A．make B．makes C．made D．making 6．A．are B．were C．was D．is 7．A．and B．or C．but D．so 8．A．can B．could C．may D．must 9．A．in B．on C．at D．with 10．A．helpful B．helpfully C．help D．helps 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校：___________ 姓名：___________ 班级：___________ 考号：___________ 上海沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册Unit 4 Smart home语法专题练习 （教师版） 上海沪教版（五四学制） 七年级上册英语 本专题依据沪教版七年级上册 Unit 4 Smart home 的语法要点设计，围绕现在完成时的结构、核心意义、常见副词及功能进行梳理。 一、听力热身（共10分） A.（共10分，每题2分） Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列句子，每空格不超过三词）：【此处可播放相关音频，请去听力文件查看】 1. People have started using smart devices to control __________, __________ and security. 2. My family has recently bought a smart speaker, and we have already connected it to the lights in our __________ __________. 3. My mother has used a smart fridge for a long time. It tells her when the food is __________ __________. 4. My little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his __________ __________. 5. However, some people have __________ __________ used to these changes yet. 听力原文与答案解析 A. 短文填空 【答案】1. lights；temperature 【解析】根据原文“People have started using smart devices to control lights, temperature, and security”可知，两个空分别填lights和temperature。 【答案】2. living；room 【解析】根据原文“We have already connected it to the lights in our living room”可知，两个空分别填living和room。 【答案】3. not；fresh 【解析】根据原文“It tells her when the food is not fresh”可知，两个空分别填not和fresh。 【答案】4. favourite；songs 【解析】根据原文“My little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his favourite songs”可知，两个空分别填favourite和songs。 【答案】5. not；got 【解析】根据原文“However, some people have not got used to these changes yet”可知，两个空分别填not和got。 【原文】Smart homes have changed our lives in many ways. Over the past few years, people have started using smart devices to control lights, temperature, and security. For example, my family has recently bought a smart speaker. We have already connected it to the lights in our living room. Now we can turn the lights on and off just by speaking. My mother has used a smart fridge for a long time. It tells her when the food is not fresh. She has never thrown away vegetables because of that. My little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his favourite songs. Our home has become more comfortable and convenient. However, some people have not got used to these changes yet. They are worried about safety. I think smart homes will be more popular in the future. We have just started this exciting journey. 二、本单元语法要点梳理 1. 现在完成时的结构 （1）现在完成时由助动词 have 或 has 加动词的过去分词构成。主语为第三人称单数时用 has，其他情况用 have。 （2）肯定句结构为“主语 + have/has + 过去分词”，否定句在 have/has 后加 not，可缩写为 haven't/hasn't；一般疑问句将 have/has 提到主语之前。 （3）规则动词的过去分词通常由动词原形加 -ed 构成，与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆，如 do—done, go—gone, see—seen。 （4）例如：The smart home system has connected all the devices. 智能家居系统已经连接了所有设备。否定形式：I haven't installed the new app. 我还没有安装新应用。疑问形式：Has the robot cleaned the floor? 机器人已经打扫地板了吗？ 2. 现在完成时表示对现在的影响或结果 （1）现在完成时可以表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或结果，强调动作的完成与现状之间的联系。 （2）与一般过去时不同，现在完成时不强调动作发生的具体时间，而一般过去时只描述过去的事实。例如：I have turned on the lights.（灯现在亮着）与 I turned on the lights just now.（只说明刚才开灯的动作）所表达的重点不同。 （3）例如：The smart lock has already opened the door, so we can go in. 智能锁已经开了门，所以我们可以进去。这里的“门已经开了”就是过去动作对现在造成的结果。 3. 现在完成时的常见副词 （1）现在完成时常与 already, just, yet, ever, never 等副词连用，这些词通常放在 have/has 与过去分词之间。 （2）already 和 just 多用于肯定句，already 表示“已经”，just 表示“刚刚”；yet 用于否定句和疑问句，表示“还（未）”；ever 用于疑问句，表示“曾经”；never 表示“从未”，本身含有否定意义。 （3）注意：yet 的位置一般在句末，而其他副词通常放在助动词与过去分词之间。例如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而不能说 Have you yet finished your homework? （4）例如：I have just started the robot vacuum. 我刚启动了扫地机器人。Have you ever used a voice-controlled speaker? 你曾用过声控音箱吗？No, I have never tried it. 不，我从没试过。 4. 现在完成时的功能：经历、变化与完成 （1）现在完成时可以描述某人到目前为止的经历，常与 ever, never 连用，或用于 have/has been to 表示“去过某地”。 （2）现在完成时还可以描述过去开始并持续到现在的变化，强调事物在不同时间点上的改变。 （3）此外，现在完成时可以表示已经完成的事情，强调动作已经结束，但不指明具体时间。 （4）例如：Smart homes have changed the way we live. 智能家居已经改变了我们的生活方式。She has been to the smart home exhibition twice. 她去过两次智能家居展。 三、单项选择（共60题） 从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。 1. Have you ____ the new smart home video? I think it is really interesting. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。主语you前用have，空格处需填过去分词watched。watch是动词原形，watching是现在分词，watches是一般现在时第三人称单数，均不能与have构成现在完成时，所以选B。 2. I ____ my smartwatch, so I cannot check the time on my wrist now. A. lost B. have lost C. lose D. will lose 【答案】B 【知识点】表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】空格处表示过去丢失手表对现在造成结果：不能看时间，需用现在完成时have lost。lost是一般过去时，只表示过去动作，不强调现在影响；lose是原形；will lose是一般将来时，均不符合语境，所以选B。 3. Have you ____ been to the new smart home exhibition in the city centre? A. ever B. yet C. already D. just 【答案】A 【知识点】可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】ever常用于现在完成时疑问句，询问“曾经”的经历。yet多用于否定句或疑问句句末；already和just多用于肯定句。本句是疑问句，询问是否曾去过展览，因此选A。 4. The smart devices in my home ____ a lot since we installed them last year. A. changed B. have changed C. change D. are changing 【答案】B 【知识点】可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】现在完成时可描述从过去开始并持续到现在的变化。句中有since引导的时间状语，需用have changed表示变化持续到现在。changed是一般过去时，只表示过去；change是一般现在时；are changing是现在进行时，均不能与since搭配表示持续至今，因此选B。 5. She ____ the smart lights off already, so the whole room is dark now. A. has turned B. turned C. turn D. turns 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词。主语She是第三人称单数，需用has，空格处填过去分词turned，即has turned。turned是一般过去时，turn是原形，turns是一般现在时三单，均不符合现在完成时结构，所以选A。 6. Yesterday afternoon at three o'clock, my sister ____ a book in the school library while I was playing computer games. A. has read B. was reading C. reads D. is reading 【答案】B 【知识点】Past continuous（过去进行时）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；Present perfect（现在完成时）表示过去动作对现在的影响，两者需根据时间状语和语境区分。 【解析】题干中的“Yesterday afternoon at three o'clock”明确了过去的某个具体时刻，while 从句也提示动作在过去某时正在进行，因此用过去进行时 “was reading”。干扰项 A “has read” 是现在完成时，不能与具体的过去时间点连用；C “reads” 是一般现在时，不用于描述过去某个时刻的动作；D “is reading” 是现在进行时，不能用于过去时间。 7. My mother ____ the kitchen yet, so we cannot cook dinner in our smart home now. A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean C. doesn't clean D. isn't cleaning 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等副词连用，表示动作是否完成及对现在的影响。 【解析】yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句，表示“还未”，且题干后半句“so we cannot cook dinner now”说明过去动作对现在造成了影响，因此用 “hasn't cleaned”。干扰项 B “didn't clean” 是一般过去时，不与 yet 搭配表示对现在的影响；C “doesn't clean” 是一般现在时，表示习惯，与 yet 矛盾；D “isn't cleaning” 是现在进行时，表示此刻正在进行的动作，与 yet 的含义冲突。 8. Last month, my family ____ a trip to Beijing and visited many famous places. A. has taken B. took C. takes D. is taking 【答案】B 【知识点】Past simple（一般过去时）表示过去发生的动作或经历；Present perfect（现在完成时）表示过去动作对现在的影响或经历，但常不与明确过去时间连用。 【解析】题干中的 “Last month” 是明确的过去时间状语，描述过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时 “took”。干扰项 A “has taken” 是现在完成时，通常不与明确的过去时间连用；C “takes” 是一般现在时，表示习惯，与语境不符；D “is taking” 是现在进行时，表示此刻正在进行的动作，与过去时间矛盾。 9. My brother ____ his homework, so he can go out and play with his friends now. A. has finished B. finished C. finishes D. is finishing 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词，表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果。 【解析】题干后半句 “so he can go out and play with his friends now” 说明作业已完成，对现在造成了影响（可以出去玩），因此用现在完成时 “has finished”，结构为 has + 过去分词。干扰项 B “finished” 是一般过去时，只表示过去动作，不强调对现在的影响；C “finishes” 是一般现在时，表示习惯，不符合语境；D “is finishing” 是现在进行时，表示正在完成，与 “can go out now” 矛盾。 10. Look! The children ____ in the garden now, so you can see them there. A. have played B. are playing C. played D. play 【答案】B 【知识点】Present continuous（现在进行时）表示此刻正在进行的动作；Present perfect（现在完成时）表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果，两者需根据 now、look 等语境区分。 【解析】题干中的 “Look!” 和 “now” 明确提示动作正在发生，因此用现在进行时 “are playing”。干扰项 A “have played” 是现在完成时，表示已经完成，与 “now” 矛盾；C “played” 是一般过去时，不用于描述此刻正在进行的动作；D “play” 是一般现在时，表示习惯或经常性动作，不强调正在发生。 11. My father usually ____ the lights in our smart home before he goes to bed. A. has turned off B. turned off C. turns off D. has already turned off 【答案】C 【知识点】一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作；对比：现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】句子中的 usually 和 before he goes to bed 表明这是经常性的习惯动作，因此应使用一般现在时，主语 My father 为第三人称单数，动词用 turns off（选项 C）。选项 A has turned off 和 D has already turned off 是现在完成时，通常与 already、yet 等连用表示已完成的动作，与表示习惯的 usually 不匹配；选项 B turned off 是一般过去时，通常需要明确的过去时间，而句中无此信息。 12. The city ____ many new smart bus stops over the past two years. A. built B. has built C. builds D. is building 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】句子中的 over the past two years 表示从过去持续到现在的这段时间，强调城市新建了许多智能公交站这一变化，因此用现在完成时 has built（选项 B）。选项 A built 是一般过去时，只说明过去发生，没有与现在的时间关联；选项 C builds 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作或客观事实，不符合；选项 D is building 是现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作，与 over the past two years 不符。 13. Everyone knows that water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level under normal conditions. A. has boiled B. boiled C. is boiling D. boils 【答案】D 【知识点】一般现在时表示普遍真理或客观事实；对比：现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】本句表达的是客观事实（水在标准大气压下沸点为100摄氏度），应使用一般现在时，主语 water 为不可数名词，动词用 boils（选项 D）。选项 A has boiled 是现在完成时，结构为 has + 过去分词，强调动作已完成，但客观事实不适用；选项 B boiled 是一般过去时，表示过去某时的情况；选项 C is boiling 是现在进行时，表示正在沸腾，均不符合客观事实的表述。 14. I can't open the door because I ____ my smart key at home. A. have left B. left C. leave D. am leaving 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】句子前部分“I can't open the door”表示现在的结果，原因是过去把智能钥匙落在家里，强调对现在的影响，因此用现在完成时 have left（选项 A）。选项 B left 是一般过去时，只陈述过去事实，无法体现与现在的因果联系；选项 C leave 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不合逻辑；选项 D am leaving 是现在进行时，表示正在离开，也不符合语境。 15. Tom ____ his smart watch two days ago, but he hasn't told his parents yet. A. loses B. is losing C. lost D. has lost 【答案】C 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的事情；对比：现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】句子中有明确的过去时间状语 two days ago，表示过去某时发生的动作，因此应使用一般过去时 lost（选项 C）。选项 D has lost 是现在完成时，不能与 two days ago 这样明确的过去时间连用；选项 A loses 是一般现在时，选项 B is losing 是现在进行时，均不符合时间状语要求。后半句 hasn't told...yet 是现在完成时，但前半句的时间状语决定必须用一般过去时。 16. The family is in the living room now and they ____ a programme about smart homes. A. have watched B. are watching C. watched D. watch 【答案】B 【知识点】现在进行时（表示说话时正在进行的动作）；与现在完成时（可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情）进行对比，本句强调动作正在进行而非已经完成。 【解析】空格处应使用现在进行时"are watching"，因为句中有now表示动作正在进行，强调一家人正在看节目。A项"have watched"为现在完成时，表示已经看过，与进行中语境矛盾；C项"watched"为一般过去时，表示过去发生，与now不符；D项"watch"为一般现在时，表示经常性动作，也不符合"正在"的含义。 17. My younger brother ____ his homework, so he can play outside with his friends now. A. finishes B. has finished C. finished D. is finishing 【答案】B 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词；此处用 has finished 表示已经完成作业，对现在造成可以出去玩的影响。 【解析】空格处应使用现在完成时"has finished"，因为句子强调弟弟已经完成作业，所以现在可以出去玩，现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响。A项"finishes"为一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不能体现"已完成"；C项"finished"为一般过去时，仅表示过去完成，与现在结果无联系；D项"is finishing"为现在进行时，表示正在完成，与"可以出去玩"矛盾。 18. When I entered the living room last night, my father ____ something on his phone. A. has read B. was reading C. reads D. read 【答案】B 【知识点】过去进行时（表示过去某时正在进行的动作）；与现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果）对比，本句强调过去某时正在进行的动作，而非对现在的影响。 【解析】空格处应使用过去进行时"was reading"，因为when引导的时间状语从句表示一个过去动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，句意为"当我进入客厅时，父亲正在看手机"。A项"has read"为现在完成时，表示已经发生且与现在有关，但本句明确为过去时间；C项"reads"为一般现在时，时态错误；D项"read"为一般过去时，但缺少进行含义，无法体现动作正在进行。 19. I ____ my new smart speaker yet, so I cannot tell you if it is good. A. haven't tried B. didn't try C. don't try D. won't try 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用；此处 haven't tried ... yet 符合否定句中的 yet 用法，表示尚未尝试。 【解析】空格处应使用现在完成时"haven't tried"，因为yet用于现在完成时否定句中，表示"尚未尝试"，符合句意。B项"didn't try"为一般过去时，不能与yet表示"尚未"的用法搭配；C项"don't try"为一般现在时，表示经常性动作，语义不符；D项"won't try"为一般将来时，与yet表示尚未的逻辑矛盾。 20. Susan ____ to the science museum twice, so she knows a lot about space. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时描述经历（have/has been to）；与单元目标"可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情"一致，本句通过 has been to 表示过去的经历，说明她现在对太空了解很多。 【解析】空格处应使用现在完成时"has been"，因为has been to表示"去过某地"，强调经历，并与twice搭配。B项"went"为一般过去时，仅表示过去某个时间发生，不能体现"到目前为止的经历"；C项"goes"为一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与twice表示次数时不符；D项"is going"为现在进行时，表示正在去，与句意不符。 21. In two days, the smart home system ____ the lights automatically before we arrive home from school. A. will turn on B. has turned on C. turned on D. turns on 【答案】A 【知识点】一般将来时 will + 动词原形，用来与现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词进行辨析 【解析】正确答案 A "will turn on" 使用一般将来时，与时间状语 "in two days" 一致。B "has turned on" 是现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在的影响，但句中 "before we arrive" 暗示动作尚未发生，因此不成立。C "turned on" 是一般过去时，与将来时间矛盾。D "turns on" 是一般现在时，可用于时刻表，但此处语境是预测将来事件，用一般将来时更自然。 22. The smart home system ____ all the windows, so the room is very warm now. A. has closed B. closed C. closes D. will close 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 【解析】正确答案 A "has closed" 表示动作已经完成，并且对现在造成影响（房间现在暖和）。B "closed" 是一般过去时，只强调过去动作，不联系现在结果；C "closes" 是一般现在时，表习惯，不合适；D "will close" 是一般将来时，与 now 矛盾。 23. Yesterday, the engineer said the smart home system ____ a new security update by Friday. A. would receive B. has received C. received D. will receive 【答案】A 【知识点】过去将来时（would + 动词原形），用于表示从过去看将要发生的动作，同时与现在完成时（has received）进行对比 【解析】主句动词 said 为过去时，从句表示将来动作应用过去将来时。A "would receive" 正确。B "has received" 是现在完成时，表示已经完成，不符合将来时间；C "received" 是一般过去时，表示动作已发生，与 by Friday 矛盾；D "will receive" 是一般将来时，不符合宾语从句时态呼应规则。 24. My family ____ many smart devices in our home over the past year, and life is easier. A. has installed B. installed C. installs D. will install 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情，常与 over the past year 等时间状语连用 【解析】正确答案 A "has installed" 使用现在完成时，表示从过去至今已发生的动作，强调对现在的影响（生活更便利）。B "installed" 是一般过去时，只强调过去的动作，不能体现对现在的影响；C "installs" 是一般现在时，表习惯，不适用于一段时间；D "will install" 是一般将来时，与 over the past year 矛盾。 25. The teacher asked us whether we ____ the smart home project last week, and we said yes. A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. finish 【答案】A 【知识点】宾语从句的时态：主句为过去时，从句用相应的过去时态；本题对比现在完成时，主句为过去时时，现在完成时要变为过去完成时，因此 have finished 不适用 【解析】主句 asked 为过去时，宾语从句应用过去时态；last week 明确表示过去时间，故用一般过去时 finished。B "have finished" 是现在完成时，不能用于过去时主句后的宾语从句（应改为 had finished 等）；C "had finished" 是过去完成时，通常表示“过去的过去”，但这里没有另一个过去时间作参照，故不合适；D "finish" 是一般现在时，不符合时态呼应。 26. My sister ____ her leg, so she cannot walk to school today. A. has broken B. broke C. breaks D. have broken 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】正确答案 A "has broken" 使用现在完成时，强调过去摔伤对现在造成不能走路的影响；B "broke" 一般过去时只说明过去动作，未体现与现在的联系；C "breaks" 一般现在时表示经常性动作，不合逻辑；D "have broken" 主谓不一致，主语是 My sister，应用 has。 27. When I entered the kitchen, Mum ____ dinner and asked me to help. A. was cooking B. has cooked C. cooked D. is cooking 【答案】A 【知识点】实际正确答案为过去进行时（was/were + doing），对比本单元现在完成时与 already/yet 等连用 【解析】正确答案 A "was cooking" 使用过去进行时，表示当我进入厨房那一过去时刻，妈妈正在做饭；B "has cooked" 现在完成时强调结果，但句子有明确过去时间点，不适用；C "cooked" 一般过去时只说明动作发生，不强调正在进行；D "is cooking" 现在进行时与过去时间状语冲突。 28. My family ____ a new car last month, and we like it very much. A. have bought B. bought C. has bought D. buy 【答案】B 【知识点】实际正确答案为一般过去时表示过去动作，对比本单元可描述经历、变化和已完成事情的现在完成时 【解析】正确答案 B "bought" 使用一般过去时，与时间状语 last month 搭配，表示过去发生的购买动作；A "have bought" 现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间连用；C "has bought" 同样是现在完成时，且主语 My family 视为整体时用 have 更常见，此处也不正确；D "buy" 一般现在时表示习惯性动作，不符合句意。 29. She ____ in this neighbourhood since 2015, so she knows it very well. A. has lived B. lived C. has live D. have lived 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】正确答案 A "has lived" 符合现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词，且与 since 2015 连用表示从过去持续到现在；B "lived" 一般过去时通常不与 since 连用；C "has live" 结构错误，live 应为过去分词 lived；D "have lived" 主语是 She，助动词应用 has。 30. Dad ____ dinner in the kitchen now, so please be quiet and wait. A. has cooked B. cooked C. is cooking D. cooks 【答案】C 【知识点】实际正确答案为现在进行时表示此刻正在发生的动作，对比本单元表示过去动作对现在造成影响的现在完成时 【解析】正确答案 C "is cooking" 使用现在进行时，表示此刻正在做饭，与 now 和请安静等待的语境一致；A "has cooked" 现在完成时强调已经做完，但后文要求等待，说明未完成；B "cooked" 一般过去时与 now 矛盾；D "cooks" 一般现在时表示经常性动作，不符合当下情景。 31. Mrs Li ______ already taught her smart speaker to lock the door by itself, so it is safe now. A. has B. have C. did D. is 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用；主语为第三人称单数时用 has + 过去分词 【解析】句中已有副词 already，要求用现在完成时表示已完成的动作，主语 Mrs Li 为第三人称单数，所以选 has。选项 have 用于复数主语或 I/you；选项 did 用于一般过去时，但后面的 taught 是过去分词，did 后应接动词原形；选项 is 不能构成现在完成时，且与 taught 不搭配。 32. My father ______ a cup of coffee every morning after he gets up, so he feels awake. A. has drunk B. drank C. drinks D. is drinking 【答案】C 【知识点】一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作（六年级上册 Unit 1 School life）；对比本单元现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】句中的 every morning 表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语 my father 是第三人称单数，动词用 drinks。选项 has drunk 是现在完成时，强调过去动作对现在的影响或经历，与 every morning 冲突；选项 drank 是一般过去时，但句中没有过去时间；选项 is drinking 是现在进行时，不用于描述习惯。 33. The sun ______ in the east every morning, and everyone knows this simple fact. A. has risen B. rises C. rose D. is rising 【答案】B 【知识点】一般现在时表示普遍真理或客观事实（补充教材 III.i）；对比本单元现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】太阳从东方升起是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 the sun 为第三人称单数，动词用 rises。选项 has risen 是现在完成时，结构正确但强调“已经升起”，与 every morning 表示的规律不符；选项 rose 是一般过去时，但无过去时间；选项 is rising 是现在进行时，不用于客观规律。 34. Dad ______ the broken smart lock, so we can open the door again. A. fixes B. fixed C. is fixing D. has fixed 【答案】D 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果（本单元目标）；结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】句意是“爸爸已经修好了坏掉的智能锁，所以我们现在又能开门了”，强调过去修锁的动作对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时 has fixed。选项 fixes 是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，但句意是一次性已完成动作；选项 fixed 是一般过去时，只强调过去动作本身，不体现对现在的影响；选项 is fixing 是现在进行时，表示正在修，与 so we can open 矛盾。 35. Tom ______ a new bike yesterday, and he has already ridden it to school today. A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. is buying 【答案】C 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的事情（补充教材 III.ii）；对比本单元现在完成时与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 【解析】句中有 yesterday 这一明确的过去时间，所以动作买自行车发生在过去，用一般过去时 bought。选项 has bought 是现在完成时，虽然常与 already 等连用，但不能与 yesterday 连用；选项 buys 是一般现在时，与 yesterday 矛盾；选项 is buying 是现在进行时，也不适用于过去时间。后半句 has already ridden 正是现在完成时与 already 连用的正确例子，与本句前半部分形成对比。 36. I can see that my hometown ____ a lot since I was a child. A. has changed B. changed C. changes D. is changing 【答案】A 【知识点】可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 (Present perfect) 【解析】since 引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，表示从过去持续到现在的变化。空格处需用 has changed，构成现在完成时，表示“家乡已经发生了很大变化”。B 选项 changed 为一般过去时，只表示过去的动作，与 since 的时间背景不符；C 选项 changes 为一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不能体现变化的结果；D 选项 is changing 为现在进行时，表示正在变化，与 since 表示的持续状态矛盾。 37. My little brother and his friends ____ football on the playground at the moment. A. are playing B. have played C. play D. played 【答案】A 【知识点】现在进行时（表示说话时正在进行的动作） vs 现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】at the moment 意为“此刻”，表示现在正在进行的动作，需用现在进行时，主语复数用 are playing。B 选项 have played 是现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作，与“此刻正在发生”矛盾；C 选项 play 是一般现在时，表示习惯或经常性动作；D 选项 played 是一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，均与 at the moment 的时间要求不符。对比本单元现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词，B 项虽然形式正确但语义不符。 38. When I saw him at the library yesterday, he ____ a book. A. was reading B. has read C. read D. reads 【答案】A 【知识点】过去进行时（表示过去某时正在进行的动作） vs 现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果） 【解析】语境中“当我昨天在图书馆看见他时”表示过去某个具体时间点，该时间点上他正在进行的动作需要用过去进行时，即 was reading。B 选项 has read 是现在完成时，表示已经读完，强调现在的结果，与过去时间点语境不符；C 选项 read 是一般过去时，表示过去的动作已完成，不能强调当时正在进行的状态；D 选项 reads 是一般现在时，不能用于过去语境。对比本单元现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，B 项不符合过去进行时的场景。 39. My mother has not finished cooking ____, so we have to wait. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 【答案】B 【知识点】可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 (Present perfect) 【解析】现在完成时否定句中表示“尚未”常用 yet，且 yet 通常置于句末。already 用于肯定句，表示已经；just 用于肯定句，表示刚刚；ever 多用于疑问句，表示“曾经”。此句为否定句，需用 yet，表示妈妈还没有做完饭，所以我们必须等。 40. He ____ his homework yet, so he can't go out to play. A. hasn't finished B. didn't finish C. doesn't finish D. isn't finishing 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时（表示已经发生的事情，否定式表示尚未发生的事情） vs 可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情 【解析】yet 常与现在完成时连用，表示“尚未”。空格处需要现在完成时否定形式 hasn't finished，表示他还没有完成作业，因此不能出去玩。B 选项 didn't finish 为一般过去时否定，只表示过去没完成，不能体现对现在的影响；C 选项 doesn't finish 为一般现在时否定，表示经常性不完成；D 选项 isn't finishing 为现在进行时否定，表示此刻没有在完成，均不符合 yet 所要求的现在完成时语境。对比本单元目标“可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情”，此处用现在完成时否定式表示尚未发生的事情。 41. Grandpa Li ____ the smart door lock in his home many times since he moved in. A. has used B. have used C. uses D. used 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词，主语 Grandpa Li 是第三人称单数，因此用 has used；选项 B "have used" 主谓不一致；选项 C "uses" 是一般现在时，只表示经常性动作，无法表达从过去持续到现在；选项 D "used" 是一般过去时，只说明过去使用，不与 since 引导的时间状语搭配表示持续。 42. My family ____ on a trip to Hangzhou next month, and we are all excited. A. has gone B. will go C. goes D. went 【答案】B 【知识点】一般将来时（will+动词原形）；对比现在完成时“表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果” 【解析】时间状语 next month 表示将来，因此用一般将来时 will go；选项 A "has gone" 是现在完成时，表示已经去了（对现在造成影响，人不在说话地点），与将来时间矛盾；选项 D "went" 是一般过去时，与 next month 矛盾；选项 C "goes" 是一般现在时，通常不用于此处表示计划中的将来。 43. Have you ____ visited the new science museum that opened in our city last week? A. yet B. already C. ever D. just 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用（此处 ever 表经历） 【解析】本句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，询问经历，常用 ever；选项 A "yet" 多用于否定句或疑问句句末，且此处位置不当；选项 B "already" 和选项 D "just" 多用于肯定句，表示已经或刚刚发生，不适合此询问经历的疑问句。 44. She told me that she ____ a smart home system in her new flat the next day. A. will install B. has installed C. installs D. would install 【答案】D 【知识点】过去将来时（would+动词原形）；对比现在完成时“可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情” 【解析】主句谓语 told 是一般过去时，从句表示从过去看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时 would install；选项 A "will install" 是一般将来时，不用于过去时间语境；选项 B "has installed" 是现在完成时，表示已经安装，与 the next day 矛盾；选项 C "installs" 是一般现在时，无将来含义。 45. I think that my brother ____ his homework already, so he can play outside. A. has finished B. have finished C. finishes D. finished 【答案】A 【知识点】宾语从句时态（主句现在时，从句可用任意时态）；对比现在完成时结构 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】主句 I think 是一般现在时，宾语从句可根据句意使用任意时态；此处 already 提示动作已完成，用现在完成时 has finished 表示过去动作对现在的影响（已完成作业，可以出去玩）；选项 B "have finished" 主谓不一致；选项 C "finishes" 是一般现在时，不能体现完成；选项 D "finished" 是一般过去时，不强调对现在的影响，与语境不符。 46. My little brother ____ his phone, so he cannot answer my call now. A. has lost B. lost C. is losing D. loses 【答案】A 【知识点】Present perfect（现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果） 【解析】正确答案为A项。has lost是现在完成时，表示过去丢失手机的动作对现在造成影响，即现在无法接电话。B项lost是一般过去时，仅描述过去动作，不强调与现在的联系；C项is losing是现在进行时，表示正在丢失，与“cannot answer”的结果矛盾；D项loses是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，时间逻辑错误。 47. While I ____ in the park this morning, I saw a wild rabbit. A. walked B. was walking C. has walked D. walks 【答案】B 【知识点】Past continuous（过去进行时，was/were + doing，与while引导的时间状语从句连用）；对比目标：Present perfect（现在完成时通常不与具体过去时间连用，但可与already/yet/just/ever/never等连用） 【解析】正确答案为B项。was walking是过去进行时，与while引导的时间状语从句连用，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。A项walked是一般过去时，虽然可表示过去动作，但不如过去进行时能体现“当时正在进行”的延续性且与while搭配不典型；C项has walked是现在完成时，不能与具体过去时间this morning连用（除非上午未结束且强调对现在影响，但此处是过去发生的事件）；D项walks是一般现在时，时态错误。 48. My family and I ____ the smart home exhibition twice since last year. A. visited B. are visiting C. have visited D. visit 【答案】C 【知识点】Present perfect（现在完成时可描述经历、变化和已经完成的事情，常与twice/since等时间状语连用） 【解析】正确答案为C项。have visited是现在完成时，表示迄今为止的经历，与twice和since last year连用，说明已经参观过两次。A项visited是一般过去时，不与since连用；B项are visiting是现在进行时，表示正在参观，与twice（两次）矛盾；D项visit是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，不符合句意。 49. Last Spring Festival, my family and relatives ____ a big dinner together at my grandparents' home. A. have had B. have C. are having D. had 【答案】D 【知识点】Past simple（一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，常与Last...等过去时间状语连用）；对比目标：Present perfect（现在完成时结构为have/has + 过去分词，通常不与具体过去时间连用） 【解析】正确答案为D项。had是一般过去时，与Last Spring Festival（去年春节）这一明确过去时间连用，表示过去发生的事件。A项have had是现在完成时，不能与具体过去时间连用；B项have是一般现在时，时态错误；C项are having是现在进行时，不能与过去时间连用。 50. My younger sister ____ her room now, so she can't answer the door. A. is cleaning B. has cleaned C. cleans D. cleaned 【答案】A 【知识点】Present continuous（现在进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作，结构为am/is/are + doing）；对比目标：Present perfect（现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成影响或结果，结构为have/has + 过去分词） 【解析】正确答案为A项。is cleaning是现在进行时，now和can't answer the door表明动作此刻正在进行，因此不能来开门。B项has cleaned是现在完成时，表示已经打扫完，那么应该可以开门，与句意矛盾；C项cleans是一般现在时，表示习惯；D项cleaned是一般过去时，与now矛盾。 51. My younger brother ____ already ____ his lunch, so he is not feeling hungry now. A. has had B. had C. have had D. has have 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用；结构 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】正确答案 A。主语 my younger brother 是第三人称单数，需用 has；already 常与现在完成时连用，表示“已经”，后接过去分词 had（have 的过去分词）。B 是一般过去时，不能与 already 连用表示对现在的影响；C 中 have 与主语不一致；D 中 has 后接动词原形，结构错误。 52. My mother ____ us to school every day, and she never complains about the traffic. A. has driven B. drives C. drove D. has drive 【答案】B 【知识点】一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性动作；与现在完成时表示经历、变化和已完成事情的区别 【解析】正确答案 B。题干中 every day 和 never complains 表明这是经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语 my mother 是第三人称单数，动词用 drives。A 是现在完成时，通常表示已完成的动作或经历，不用于描述每天的习惯；C 是一般过去时，表示过去动作，不合语境；D 结构错误。 53. All the students in our class ____ the classroom, so it looks very clean now. A. cleaned B. have clean C. have cleaned D. has cleaned 【答案】C 【知识点】现在完成时结构为 have/has + 过去分词 【解析】正确答案 C。主语 All the students 是复数，用 have；句子表达现在教室干净是过去打扫的结果，用现在完成时 have cleaned。A 是一般过去时，只表示过去动作，不强调现在结果；B 结构错误，clean 不是过去分词；D 中 has 与复数主语不一致。 54. Everyone knows that the sun ____ in the east every morning, without exception. A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. has rise 【答案】A 【知识点】一般现在时表示普遍真理或客观事实；与现在完成时表示过去动作对现在影响或结果的区别 【解析】正确答案 A。太阳从东方升起是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 the sun 是第三人称单数，动词用 rises。B 是现在完成时，表示动作已完成或经历，不适合描述自然规律；C 是一般过去时，表示过去动作；D 结构错误。 55. My uncle ____ to Shanghai last week, and he visited the science museum there. A. has gone B. went C. has been D. goes 【答案】B 【知识点】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的事情；与现在完成时（可与 already, yet, just, ever, never 连用）的区别 【解析】正确答案 B。last week 是明确的过去时间，表示过去某时发生的事情，用一般过去时 went。A 是现在完成时 has gone，表示“去了某地尚未回来”，与后面 visited 矛盾；C 是 has been，表示“曾经去过”，也不用于具体过去时间；D 是一般现在时，表示习惯或状态，不合语境。 56. My cousin ( ) her homework, so she is watching a film in the living room now. A. has finished B. finished C. is finishing D. finishes 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时表示已经完成的动作，强调对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】前半句表示“已经完成作业”，强调现在的结果是她正在看电影，应该用现在完成时“has finished”。B项“finished”是一般过去时，只说明过去完成，不能体现与现在的因果关系；C项“is finishing”是现在进行时，表示正在完成作业，与后文“正在看电影”矛盾；D项“finishes”是一般现在时，表示习惯动作，不符合语境。 57. Our neighbour's dog ( ) loudly in the garden, and I can hear it clearly now. A. has barked B. barked C. is barking D. barks 【答案】C 【知识点】现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作（与现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 辨析） 【解析】句中有“now”和“can hear it clearly”，说明动作此刻正在进行，应该用现在进行时“is barking”。A项“has barked”是现在完成时，表示已经叫过，与“正在听见狗叫”的语境冲突；B项“barked”是一般过去时，表示过去叫，与now不符；D项“barks”是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，并非此刻正在发生。 58. My sister ( ) her phone at school, so she is using my phone to call Mom now. A. has left B. left C. leaves D. is leaving 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 【解析】后文“so she is using my phone”表明“她没带手机”这个结果现在还影响着她，所以用现在完成时“has left”。B项“left”是一般过去时，只表示过去发生过，不强调现在的结果；C项“leaves”是一般现在时，表示经常性动作，与具体某次忘带无关；D项“is leaving”是现在进行时，表示正在离开或即将离开，与“忘带手机”不符。 59. Yesterday at eight o'clock, my brother ( ) his homework when the power suddenly went out. A. has done B. did C. was doing D. is doing 【答案】C 【知识点】过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作（与现在完成时常与 already, yet, just 等连用辨析） 【解析】句中有明确过去时间“yesterday at eight o'clock”，且“when the power suddenly went out”说明断电瞬间作业正在进行，所以用过去进行时“was doing”。A项“has done”是现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，不符合过去某一时刻的语境；B项“did”是一般过去时，只表示做完，不能体现“正在做”的瞬间；D项“is doing”是现在进行时，时态与过去时间冲突。 60. My uncle ( ) to Beijing twice, and he likes the food there very much. A. has been B. went C. goes D. is going 【答案】A 【知识点】现在完成时用于描述经历，常与 twice 等次数状语连用（has been to 表示“去过某地”） 【解析】句中的“twice”表示经历，且后文说“他喜欢那里的食物”，说明“去过”这一经历，用现在完成时“has been”。B项“went”是一般过去时，只说明过去某次去了，不能与表示次数的“twice”搭配表示累计经历；C项“goes”是一般现在时，表示习惯性动作，与“twice”不符；D项“is going”是现在进行时，表示正在去或计划去，而本句说的是已经完成的经历。 四、语法选择（共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 My family has a smart home system. Last year, my father bought 1 smart control hub. Now we have many smart 2 at home. There 3 three smart speakers in our rooms. I like to ask 4 to play music or tell me stories at night. My mother says the smart home system 5 our life easier. It is very convenient. One evening, we 6 watching TV when suddenly the power went off. The lights turned off, and the TV screen became black. My father checked the network, but everything seemed fine. Then my mother tried to restart the smart hub, but it did not help. We had to use candles for light 7 read books instead of watching TV. It was a strange evening, but we actually enjoyed the quiet time together. The next morning, the technician came and found that the smart hub had a serious problem. He repaired it and also advised us to keep some traditional devices as backup. He said the smart speaker 8 not be repaired easily, so we bought a new one. Now we have a new smart speaker. It works very well 9 home. Smart home devices are 10 , but we should also learn to do things by ourselves. Sometimes, a simple life is better. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．不填 2．A．device B．devices C．device's D．devices' 3．A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 5．A．make B．makes C．made D．making 6．A．are B．were C．was D．is 7．A．and B．or C．but D．so 8．A．can B．could C．may D．must 9．A．in B．on C．at D．with 10．A．helpful B．helpfully C．help D．helps 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本篇围绕单元主题设置语法语境，答案与解析对应各小题。 【详解】 hub 以辅音音素开头，表示“一个”用不定冠词 a。 many 后接可数名词复数，device 的复数形式为 devices。 there be 句型中 be 动词与后面的复数名词 three smart speakers 一致，用 are。 动词 ask 后接代词宾格作宾语，them 指代前面提到的 smart speakers。 主语 the smart home system 是第三人称单数，一般现在时动词用 makes。 过去进行时结构 was/were + doing，主语 we 是复数，所以用 were。 并列连词 and 连接两个并列的动词短语 use candles 和 read books，表示顺承关系。 情态动词 could 表示过去的能力，且句子为过去时，所以用 could not。 at home 是固定短语，表示“在家”，介词用 at。 系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，helpful 是形容词，意为“有帮助的”。 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $One, listening comprehension, 听力理解hey，listen to the passage and complete the following sentences. Smart homes have changed our lives in many ways. Over the past few years, people have started using smart devices to control lights, temperature and security. For example, my family has recently bought a smart speaker. We have already connected IT to the lights in our living room. Now we can turn the lights on and off just by speaking. My mother has used a smart fridge for a long time. He tells her when the food is not fresh. SHE has never thrown away vegetables. Because of that, my little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his favorite songs. Our home has become more comfortable and convenient. However, some people have not got used to these changes yet. They are worried about safety. I think smart homes will be more popular in the future. We have just started this exciting journey. Smart homes have changed our lives in many ways. Over the past few years, people have started using smart devices to control lights, temperature and security. For example, my family has recently bought a smart speaker. We have already connected IT to the lights in our living room. Now we can turn the lights on and off just by speaking. My mother has used a smart fridge for a long time. He tells her, when the food is not fresh, SHE has never thrown away vegetables. Because of that, my little brother has learned how to ask the speaker to play his favorite songs. Our home has become more comfortable and convenient. However, some people have not got used to these changes yet. They are worried about safety. I think smart homes will be more popular in the future. We have just started this exciting journey. This is the end of the listening comprehension. 听力部分到此结束。