陕西西安市2026-2027学年八年级上学期开学摸底自编英语考试

**基本信息** 八年级开学摸底卷以真实情境和多元主题为载体，通过考古职业故事、城市发展、地球科学等素材，融合语言能力与思维品质考查，适配学段学情。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|15题/15分|动词、名词及上下文逻辑|以考古学家成长经历渗透坚持主题，培养学习能力| |阅读理解|15题/20分|城市发展、幸福观、火山地质|选取megacities现象、新加坡与墨西哥幸福差异等真实素材，体现文化意识| |短文填空|15题/15分|介词、连词及词形变化|Felix环保项目与帝企鹅生活融入科普，提升思维品质| |交流与表达|6题/20分|日常交际与计划描述|补全对话聚焦出行邀请，书面表达结合周末计划，强化语言运用能力|

2026-2027学年度第一学期开学摸底考试 八年级 英语试题 第一部分 笔试（共90分） I. 完形填空（共15小题，计15分） 阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in third grade, I (1) a video that recreated the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb. I (2) Howard Carter peering through a narrow hole in the tomb with a candle. A workman asked what he could (3). “Wonderful things!” Carter said. From that (4), I knew what I wanted to do with my life. Today, I’m lucky to (5) as an archeologist. I study the (6) of people who lived in Egypt’s Nile Delta. It’s exciting work. Sometimes you (7) something that was buried three thousand years ago. Holding a piece of history is an amazing (8). I decided what I wanted to be at the age of nine, and I made it (9). It seems easy, right? Not quite! The road was not (10). I did my studies—university, then a PhD. But along the way I was told many things: I was too young, I wasn’t qualified, I should get married and have kids. I also needed money, so I (11) for six grants. The first five (12) I got said no. Six months later, the last reply came: this time it was (13). Finally, I could start my own excavation. For anyone thinking about a career, I would say: Never give up. If you want to do something, keep trying. If people tell you no, use that—it will push you. At the beginning, it hurts. But the next no hurts a little less. It makes you (14) and actually helps you. Second, focus on your goals. There are always challenges, but you overcome them in the (15). 1. A. watched B. made C. bought D. read 2. A. remember B. forget C. think D. know 3. A. see B. hear C. touch D. smell 4. A. minute B. moment C. day D. week 5. A. work B. study C. live D. help 6. A. homes B. lives C. books D. tools 7. A. find B. lose C. make D. see 8. A. feeling B. story C. dream D. picture 9. A. happen B. begin C. end D. change 10. A. easy B. long C. short D. straight 11. A. asked B. applied C. paid D. waited 12. A. letters B. replies C. results D. answers 13. A. yes B. no C. late D. early 14. A. weaker B. stronger C. sadder D. prouder 15. A. end B. beginning C. middle D. time 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称讲述自己九岁时受图坦卡蒙墓发掘纪录片启发立志成为考古学家，此后虽屡遭质疑与挫折，仍坚持不懈，最终通过申请到科研资助实现梦想，并鼓励年轻人永不放弃、专注目标。 【1题详解】 句意：我三年级时看了一部重现图坦卡蒙墓发掘过程的视频。watch a video 为固定搭配，意为“观看视频”，符合语境；made“制作”、bought“买”、read“读”均不能与 a video 搭配表达“观看”之意。故选A。 【2题详解】 句意：我记得 Howard Carter 举着蜡烛从墓中窄洞向外窥视。remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”，此处表示“我记得（纪录片里）Carter 窥视墓葬的画面”，符合叙事；forget“忘记”、think“认为”、know“知道”均不合语境。故选A。 【3题详解】 句意：一名工人问他能看到什么。“Wonderful things!” Carter 答道。what he could see 意为“他能看到什么”，see 与后文“Wonderful things（能看到的东西）”呼应；hear“听”、touch“触摸”、smell“闻”均不合。故选A。 【4题详解】 句意：从那一刻起，我就知道自己想做什么。that moment 意为“那一刻”，指代上文看到纪录片受到启发的瞬间；minute“分钟”、day“一天”、week“一周”均不如 moment 贴切。故选B。 【5题详解】 句意：如今，我很幸运能作为一名考古学家工作。work as 意为“担任……工作”，符合“成为考古学家”的语境；study“学习”、live“生活”、help“帮助”均不搭配 as。故选A。 【6题详解】 句意：我研究生活在埃及尼罗河三角洲的人们的生平。lives 意为“生活、生平”（life 的复数），study the lives of people 为常见搭配；homes“家”、books“书”、tools“工具”均不如 lives 贴合考古学家的研究对象。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：有时你会发掘出三千年前被埋藏的东西。find 意为“发现、找到”，与 buried“被埋藏”呼应；lose“丢失”、make“制作”、see“看见”均不合逻辑。故选A。 【8题详解】 句意：手握一段历史是一种奇妙的感觉。feeling 意为“感觉、感受”，an amazing feeling 搭配自然；story“故事”、dream“梦想”、picture“图片”均不如 feeling 贴合“手握历史”的体会。故选A。 【9题详解】 句意：我九岁就下定决心，并且让它成为了现实。make it happen 为固定表达，意为“使之发生、实现（梦想）”；begin“开始”、end“结束”、change“改变”均不能与前文“立志”构成合理搭配。故选A。 【10题详解】 句意：但路并不轻松。由后文“我读大学、读博，还被人说太年轻、不够格”可知追梦之路不易，not easy 意为“不容易”；long“长的”、short“短的”、straight“直的”均不合语境。故选A。 【11题详解】 句意：我还需要钱，于是申请了六项资助。apply for 意为“申请”，applied 为过去式，apply for grants 即“申请资助”；asked“询问”、paid“支付”、waited“等待”均不能与 for six grants 搭配表达“申请”。故选B。 【12题详解】 句意：前五次我收到的回复都是拒绝。replies 意为“回复、答复”，与后文“the last reply came”及“said no”呼应；letters“信件”、results“结果”、answers“答案”虽可，但不如 replies 与 grant application 语境贴合。故选B。 【13题详解】 句意：六个月后，最后的回复来了：这一次是同意。由后文“Finally, I could start my own excavation（终于可以开始自己的发掘）”可知这次回复是肯定的，yes 符合；no“不”、late“迟到”、early“早”均矛盾。故选A。 【14题详解】 句意：它让你更强大，实际上帮到你。由前文“被人拒绝会很痛，但下一次痛会轻一点”可知拒绝使人 stronger“更强大/更坚强”；weaker“更弱”、sadder“更难过”、prouder“更骄傲”均不合“push you（鞭策你）”的逻辑。故选B。 【15题详解】 句意：总有挑战，但你在最终会克服它们。in the end 为固定短语，意为“最终、最后”；beginning“开始”、middle“中间”、time“时间”均不能与 in the 构成此意。故选A。 II. 阅读理解（共15小题，计20分） 第一节：阅读下面A、B、C三篇材料，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，计15分） A The number of megacities is growing very quickly. In the 1950s, there were only two megacities in the world. Today, 12% of the world’s urban population lives in megacities. Studies show that there will be 8.5 billion people in the world in 2030. Experts say that there will be 40 megacities. Today, more than 35 cities in the world are megacities. The majority are in Asia, South America and Africa. More and more people around the world are leaving their homes in the countryside and moving to the city. Many megacities have better opportunities, such as more jobs and a choice of schools and universities. Megacities are also exciting places to live—there are lots of different people, languages and restaurants, and there are many interesting things to do. However, megacities have problems, too. The cities are very big and this can cause problems like pollution or poor housing. Tokyo is an exciting, modern city in the east of Japan. There are lots of jobs because most big companies in Japan are in Tokyo. It is also an excellent place to study—18% of Japan’s universities are in the city. However, Tokyo is very busy and the traffic is very bad. More than 7.5 million people use the Tokyo Metro every day. Delhi is in the north of India. It has many beautiful monuments, interesting museums and modern restaurants. There is an exciting mix of different cultures in the city, and there are four official languages: Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English. However, there are not enough houses in some parts of Delhi. This means that many people live in large slums in the city. Cairo is the capital of Egypt and is the second-largest city in Africa. Cairo has important car and film industries. The city is the centre of many government offices and has many universities, one of which is over 1,200 years old. 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of a famous city. B. The fast growth of very large cities. C. How to solve traffic problems. D. The most beautiful places in Asia. 17. Why are people moving to megacities? A. They want to find better chances in life. B. They want to grow their own food. C. They need to leave their families. D. They enjoy quiet country life. 18. Which of the following is mentioned as a problem of megacities? A. Too many old buildings. B. Pollution and poor housing. C. Few hospitals. D. No universities. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“超级城市”（人口超千万的大都市）数量的快速增长、人们迁往超级城市的原因，并以东京、德里、开罗为例说明其机遇与问题。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕超级城市的数量增长（从20世纪50年代的2座到如今35座以上、未来预计40座）展开，并说明其机遇与问题，B项“超大型城市的快速发展”最能概括全文；A“某名城历史”、C“如何解决交通问题”、D“亚洲最美之地”均偏离主旨。故选B。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Many megacities have better opportunities, such as more jobs and a choice of schools and universities.”可知，人们移居超级城市是为了获得更好的机会（更多工作、更多学校选择），A项“想找到生活中更好的机会”与原文相符；B“自己种粮”、C“需要离开家人”、D“喜欢安静乡村生活”均与原文相反或无关。故选A。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The cities are very big and this can cause problems like pollution or poor housing.”可知，超级城市的问题包括污染和住房条件差，B项与原文一致；A“太多老建筑”、C“医院少”、D“没有大学”文中均未提及。故选B。 B What makes us happy? Money? Friends? A good job? Are the answers the same for everyone? According to world surveys, Singapore and Mexico are two happy countries—but their people may be happy for different reasons. There are more than 8,000 people per square kilometer in the small nation of Singapore. People on the island work very long hours and often bring work home with them. The country has strict laws against smoking in public, littering, and even jaywalking. However, in surveys, Singapore regularly ranks as one of the happiest countries in Asia. One reason is that the government provides the basic necessities, such as housing and healthcare. There is almost no extreme poverty in Singapore. The government “tops up” poorer people’s incomes so everyone can have a minimum standard of living. The result is a lot of closely connected families with roughly equal standards of living. So for Singaporeans, living in a secure, clean, and safe place may be more important than having a lot of personal freedom. In many ways, Mexico is the opposite of Singapore. There are some parts of Mexico where people do not have a safe or secure life. Many people do not have jobs, enough food, or access to education. But, as in Singapore, most people in Mexico feel that they are happy. One reason is the importance of social interaction. According to psychologists, much of our happiness comes from feeling that we are part of a larger community. Simple acts like smiling at a neighbor or having dinner with friends can greatly increase our overall happiness. People in Mexico socialize with family and friends a lot, and this adds to their happiness. In Mexico, about half of the population is poor. However, most Mexicans live near people in a similar financial situation. So money, by itself, may not be that important for happiness. What matters more is how much money you have compared to the people around you. 19. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Rich countries are always the happiest. B. Different things can make people happy. C. Happy people never face problems. D. Singapore and Mexico are the same. 20. Why are Singaporeans happy? A. They can do anything they want. B. Their city is clean, safe and orderly. C. They have the biggest houses. D. They have many festivals every day. 21. What makes Mexicans happy? A. Long working hours. B. Clean streets and healthcare. C. Close family and friends. D. Strict laws and rules. 【答案】19. B 20. B 21. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过世界调查对比新加坡与墨西哥这两个“幸福国家”，指出让人们幸福的原因可能各不相同：新加坡人因安全、干净、有序而幸福，墨西哥人因亲密的家人朋友而幸福。 【19题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以新加坡和墨西哥为例，说明不同国家、不同原因都能让人幸福，B项“不同的事物能让人幸福”最能概括；A“富裕国家总是最幸福”与墨西哥部分矛盾、C“幸福的人从不面对问题”绝对化、D“新加坡与墨西哥相同”与原文“opposite”相反。故选B。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据新加坡段“living in a secure, clean, and safe place may be more important than having a lot of personal freedom”可知，新加坡人幸福是因为城市安全、干净、有序，B项符合；A“可以做任何想做的事”、C“有最大的房子”、D“每天有很多节日”文中均未提及。故选B。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据墨西哥段“What matters more is how much money you have compared to the people around you”及“People in Mexico socialize with family and friends a lot, and this adds to their happiness”可知，紧密的家人朋友关系增加了墨西哥人的幸福感，C项“亲密的家人朋友”符合；A“长时间工作”、B“干净的街道和医疗”（属新加坡）、D“严格的法律”（属新加坡）均不符。故选C。 C The Earth has several layers. Its outer layer, called the crust, floats on a layer of hot rock called the mantle. At the Earth’s centre is its metal core, made of an outer liquid layer and an inner solid ball. Volcanoes appear when melted rock in the mantle breaks through the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s crust is broken up into huge pieces called tectonic plates. These plates fit together like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle. The plates move incredibly slowly—but very powerfully. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common where the plates meet. At the boundaries, or edges, of tectonic plates, one of three things can happen. The plates move apart, bump into each other, or slide past each other. Some plates carry continents. Over millions of years, the slow-moving plates have carried the continents across the world. Volcanoes often appear at plate boundaries. There are several kinds of volcano. Some have a huge crater, often filled with a lake. Others have sides that are gentle slopes and ooze, rather than spurt, lava. Stratovolcanoes are steep-sided cones built of many layers of lava and ash. Shield volcanoes are shaped like an ancient warrior’s shield, with gently sloping sides made of layer upon layer of cooled lava. Scientists describe volcanoes as active, dormant, or extinct. An active volcano is erupting now or has erupted recently. A dormant volcano is asleep—it hasn’t erupted in recorded history, but it may do so again. An extinct volcano will never erupt again; there is no longer any magma underneath it. 22. Where do volcanoes appear? A. Where the Earth’s crust is thickest. B. Where melted rock breaks through the crust. C. Where tectonic plates are far apart. D. Where there is no magma at all. 23. What are tectonic plates compared to? A. Large rivers. B. Pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. C. Balls of fire. D. Metal cores. 24. What does “dormant” mean in the passage? A. The volcano is asleep and may erupt again. B. The volcano is erupting now. C. The volcano will never erupt. D. The volcano has no name. 25. Which of the following is true? A. All volcanoes are active. B. Earthquakes are common where plates meet. C. The crust is the thickest layer. D. The inner core is liquid. 【答案】22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍火山的形成（熔融岩石冲破地壳）、地球板块运动与火山的关系、火山口的种类，以及火山按活动状态分为活火山、休眠火山和死火山。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Volcanoes appear when melted rock in the mantle breaks through the Earth’s crust.”可知，火山出现在地幔熔融岩石冲破地壳之处，B项与原文一致；A“地壳最厚处”、C“板块相距很远处”、D“完全没有岩浆处”均错误。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These plates fit together like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle.”可知，板块被比作巨型拼图块，B项符合；A“大河”、C“火球”、D“金属地核”均不对。故选B。 【24题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段“A dormant volcano is asleep—it hasn’t erupted in recorded history, but it may do so again.”可知，dormant 意为“休眠的、沉睡的”，即目前沉睡但未来可能再次喷发，A项符合；B“正在喷发”、C“永不喷发”、D“没有名字”均错误。故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common where the plates meet.”可知，板块交汇处火山与地震频发，B项“板块交汇处地震常见”正确；A“所有火山都活跃”、C“地壳是最厚的一层”、D“内地核是液体”均与原文（死火山不再喷发、内地核是固体球）矛盾。故选B。 第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题，计5分） People use robots for many reasons. Robots can do jobs that are dangerous, dull, dirty, or difficult for humans. (26) ______ They can explore deep oceans, clean sewers, and even travel to other planets where people cannot survive. (27) ______ Inventors have designed robots since ancient times. Before modern robots, there were automata—moving machines driven by clockwork, air, or water. For example, an Arab inventor built an elephant clock that used water to make sounds. In the 20th century, robots began to run on electricity. (28) ______ It could stand, sit, turn, wave its arms, and talk. Eric used electricity to make blue sparks fire from its teeth. Later, Shakey became the first robot able to think for itself by using a camera to plan movements. Today, robots are everywhere. They help doctors, build cars, clean houses, and guide visitors in museums. (29) ______ In the future, robots will become even smarter. Scientists hope robots and humans can work together to solve difficult problems. Already, robots help in hospitals, factories, and even people’s homes. (30) ______ A. This means robots are useful for jobs people cannot do well. B. The idea of robots is very old. C. One early example was Eric, a human-shaped robot that used electricity. D. Modern robots use computers as their “brains” to decide what to do. E. Robots will learn from their surroundings and help people in new ways. F. The first robots looked like animals, not humans. 【答案】26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍机器人的用途、发展历史（从古代自动装置到现代电力机器人、计算机控制机器人）以及未来前景，并指出机器人理念古已有之。 【26题详解】 根据第一段“Robots can do jobs that are dangerous, dull, dirty, or difficult for humans.”可知，机器人能胜任人类不宜做的工作，A项“这意味着机器人对人类做不好的工作很有用”承接上文并引出后文“探索深海、清洁下水道、登陆其他星球”等例子，逻辑通顺。 【27题详解】 根据第二段后文“Inventors have designed robots since ancient times.”可知，本段讲机器人历史悠久，B项“机器人的理念非常古老”总领全段，与“ancient times”呼应，逻辑通顺。 【28题详解】 根据第三段“It could stand, sit, turn, wave its arms, and talk. Eric used electricity...”可知，本段介绍以 Eric 为代表的早期电力机器人，C项“一个早期例子是 Eric，一个使用电力的拟人机器人”引出下文对 Eric 的具体描述，逻辑通顺。 【29题详解】 根据第四段“Today, robots are everywhere...”可知，本段讲当今机器人，D项“现代机器人用计算机作‘大脑’来决定做什么”说明现代机器人的工作方式，与“Today”及后文“think for itself”呼应，逻辑通顺。 【30题详解】 根据第五段“In the future, robots will become even smarter...”可知，本段展望未来，E项“机器人将从周围环境学习，并以新方式帮助人类”承接“future/smarter”并收束全文，逻辑通顺。多余选项F（最早的机器人看起来像动物而非人类）与文中 Eric 等“human-shaped”及历史脉络不符。 III. 完成句子（共5小题，计10分） 根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。（下面五个句子讲述了一次学校旅行） 31. 上周日我们班去了一次学校旅行。 Our class ____________ a school trip last Sunday. 【答案】went on 【解析】 【详解】原句中“去了一次学校旅行”是关键词，英文表达为 go on a school trip（固定短语）；本句有时间状语“last Sunday”，时态为一般过去时，go 的过去式为 went，故填 went on。 32. 我们参观了市里的科学博物馆。 We ____________ the science museum in the city. 【答案】visited 【解析】 【详解】原句中“参观了”是关键词，表示“参观（某地）”的动词是 visit；本句时态为一般过去时，visit 的过去式为 visited。 33. 我在礼品店买了一些明信片。 I ____________ some postcards in the gift shop. 【答案】bought 【解析】 【详解】原句中“买了一些明信片”是关键词，表示“买”的动词是 buy；本句时态为一般过去时，buy 的过去式为 bought。 34. 我的同学在那里拍了很多照片。 My classmates ____________ many photos there. 【答案】took 【解析】 【详解】原句中“拍了很多照片”是关键词，表示“拍照”的短语是 take photos；本句时态为一般过去时，take 的过去式为 took。 35. 我们都玩得很开心。 We all ____________ a great time. 【答案】had 【解析】 【详解】原句中“玩得很开心”是关键词，have a great time 为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”；本句时态为一般过去时，have 的过去式为 had。 IV. 短文填空（共15小题，计15分） 短文一（无提示词填空，共5小题，计5分） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 When he was nine years old, Felix Finkbeiner gave a class presentation on climate change. (36) ______ young German spoke about deforestation and its effect on the planet. At the end of his talk, he challenged the people of his country to help (37) ______ planting one million trees. Nobody thought much would come of a nine-year-old’s school project. Before he was 20, however, Finkbeiner’s efforts had resulted in the planting of more than 14 billion trees (38) ______ the world. Finkbeiner and his classmates began the project by planting the first tree outside their school. Other schools followed the example, and (39) ______ he was just 13, he spoke at a United Nations conference in New York. Finkbeiner is now in his twenties, and Plant-for-the-Planet is an organization with 70,000 members. It works to teach people about climate change and to encourage young people everywhere to take part (40) ______ planting trees. 【答案】36. the 37. by 38. around 39. when 40. in 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，改编自真实英语阅读材料（Reading Explorer Foundations Unit 6A “Planting for the Planet”），讲述德国少年 Felix Finkbeiner 九岁时在课堂上做关于气候变化的报告并发起“为地球种树”的倡议，后来走上联合国演讲台、成立环保组织 Plant-for-the-Planet 的故事。短文一为无提示词填空，需根据语篇和语法每空填一词；本篇考点覆盖冠词、连词、介词、固定搭配中的介词（by + V-ing 表方式）及常见动词介词搭配（take part in），且同一介词不重复考查。 【36题详解】 句意：这位年轻的德国少年谈到了森林砍伐及其对地球的影响。前句已提到 Felix Finkbeiner，此处 the young German 特指这位少年，前面须用定冠词 the，故填 the。（冠词考点） 【37题详解】 句意：在演讲结束时，他向本国人民发起挑战，号召大家通过种一百万棵树来帮忙。help by doing sth. 为固定结构，by 后接动词-ing 表示“通过做某事”的方式，故填 by。（固定搭配介词考点：by + V-ing 表方式） 【38题详解】 句意：然而，在他20岁前，芬克拜纳的努力已让全世界种下了超过140亿棵树。around the world 为固定搭配，意为“世界各地、全世界”，故填 around。（介词考点） 【39题详解】 句意：其他学校的邀请纷至沓来，当他年仅13岁时，他在纽约的一次联合国会议上发表了演讲。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，填 when（或 as）。（连词考点） 【40题详解】 句意：如今芬克拜纳已二十多岁，Plant-for-the-Planet 是一个拥有七万会员的组织，它致力于气候变化的宣传，并鼓励各地的年轻人参加种树。take part in 为常见动词介词固定搭配，意为“参加”，后接活动或事物，故填 in。（动词介词搭配考点） 短文二（用所给词的正确形式填空，共10小题，计10分） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每个单词限用一次）。 walk egg cold care animal quick return hunger it warm Emperor penguins are the largest penguins on Earth. Each adult is over a meter tall, and can weigh up to 40 kilograms. For many months each year, emperors live near the sea in large groups. However, the weather gets (43) ______ in May, and ice covers large areas of ocean. Each group moves many kilometers from the water. There, each mother penguin lays just a single egg. Then all the hungry mothers (41) ______ back to the ocean to find food. The father penguins put their (42) ______ on top of their feet. They cover the eggs with a special piece of skin called the brood pouch. For two months, the father penguins protect the eggs and keep them warm. They do this through some of the coldest weather conditions on Earth. By July, it is winter in Antarctica. Most other (45) ______ leave for (50) ______ places, but the father penguins stay. By August, each mother penguin (47) ______ just in time to see her baby hatch. The chick is then moved to her brood pouch. If the chick falls, it can freeze (46) ______. The penguin parents must be very (44) ______. Once the chick has been moved, the father penguin can go back to the ocean to find food. Over the next few months, penguin parents take turns going to the ocean for food. They each make the trip several times, bringing back food for the chick. The chick is always (48) ______ and grows rapidly. By December, winter is ending. The chick can now live on (49) ______ own. Soon it enters the water for the first time. After a few more years, it will start its own family. 【答案】41. walked 42. eggs 43. colder 44. careful 45. animals 46. quickly 47. returned 48. hungry 49. its 50. warmer 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述帝企鹅父母在严寒中轮流孵蛋、育雏的真实自然故事。考点覆盖：动词时态（过去式）、名词复数（规则）、形容词比较级、词性转换（名词→形容词）、形容词变副词、以及代词所有格（its）。 【41题详解】 句意：然后所有饥饿的企鹅妈妈走回海洋寻找食物。描述过去发生的事，主句用一般过去时，walk 的过去式为 walked。 【42题详解】 句意：企鹅爸爸把它们的蛋放在脚背上。形容词性物主代词 their 后接名词，此处表复数概念，egg 的规则复数为 eggs。 【43题详解】 句意：然而，到了五月天气变得更冷。gets 后接形容词作表语，隐含与之前天气的对比，用比较级 colder。 【44题详解】 句意：企鹅父母必须非常小心。be 动词后接形容词作表语，care 的形容词形式为 careful“小心的”。（词性转换考点：名词→形容词） 【45题详解】 句意：大多数其他动物离开去往更温暖的地方。most other 后接复数名词，animal 的规则复数为 animals。 【46题详解】 句意：如果小企鹅掉下去，它会很快冻住。修饰动词 freeze 需用副词，quick 的副词形式为 quickly。 【47题详解】 句意：到八月，每只企鹅妈妈及时返回，看到宝宝破壳而出。描述过去发生的事，return 的过去式为 returned。 【48题详解】 句意：小企鹅总是很饿。be 动词后接形容词，hunger 的形容词形式为 hungry“饥饿的”。（词性转换考点：名词→形容词） 【49题详解】 句意：小企鹅现在能独立生活。on one's own 为固定搭配，意为“独自地”，此处指代 the chick，用形容词性物主代词 its“它的”。（所有格考点） 【50题详解】 句意：大多数其他动物离开去往更温暖的地方。隐含与寒冷之地的比较，修饰名词 places 用比较级 warmer。 V. 任务型阅读（共5小题，计10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 We asked four students what they do in their free time. Here is what they told us. Hermione loves cats. She watches cat videos on YouTube every day and takes photos of cats. She also collects things with cats on them, such as cards, notebooks, and T-shirts. However, she can’t have cats at home because her dad can’t stand them, and she feels a little sad about it. Andy can’t stand having nothing to do. He always has a puzzle app on his mobile phone. Sometimes it is Sudoku, sometimes a crossword, and sometimes a word game. He loves doing puzzles because he never gets bored. Natalie is usually busy, but she has a little free time in the evening after doing her homework. Her favourite thing is looking at maps online. She uses “street view” and imagines walking in different places. She has been to New York and often walks in the streets there. She finds it very interesting. She tries to visit a different place at least once a week. Lucy is not really into sport. She hates running and doing exercise. However, she is crazy about the New Zealand rugby team, the All Blacks, because her uncle and aunt live there and they love rugby. She watches the games and collects anything about the team. She even has a book with photos and newspaper articles, and she talks about the All Blacks on the Internet once a week. 51. How does Hermione feel about not keeping a cat at home? Hermione feels _________________________________. 52. Why can’t Hermione keep a cat at home? Because her _________________________________. 53. In which paragraph can you find the information about Andy’s puzzle app? It’s in Paragraph _________________________________. 54. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? It refers to “_________________________________”. 55. What is Lucy crazy about? She is crazy about _________________________________. 【答案】51. (a little) sad 52. Because her dad can't stand cats / them. 53. Paragraph 2 / Two 54. looking at maps online / using 'street view' 55. the New Zealand rugby team (the All Blacks) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者调查了四名学生（Hermione、Andy、Natalie、Lucy）的课余爱好，分别介绍了他们各自喜欢做的事。 【51题详解】 根据第一段“she can't have cats at home because her dad can't stand them, and she feels a little sad about it.”可知，Hermione 因不能养猫而感到有点难过，故填 (a little) sad。 【52题详解】 根据第一段“because her dad can't stand them”可知，Hermione 不能养猫是因为她爸爸受不了猫，故填 Because her dad can't stand cats / them. 【53题详解】 根据全文段落：开头引导句之后，Hermione 为第一位学生叙述、Andy 紧接其后，故 Andy 关于拼图 app 的信息在第二段学生叙述中；若把开头引导句也算作第一段，则 Andy 在第三段。故填 Paragraph 2 / Two。 【54题详解】 根据第三段“She uses ‘street view’ and imagines walking in different places... She finds it very interesting.”可知，it 指代“在线看地图 / 使用‘街景’（street view）这一行为”，故填 looking at maps online / using 'street view'。 【55题详解】 根据第五段“she is crazy about the New Zealand rugby team, the All Blacks”可知，Lucy 痴迷于新西兰橄榄球队（全黑队），故填 the New Zealand rugby team (the All Blacks)。 VI. 交流与表达（共6小题，计20分） 第一节：补全对话。（共5小题，计5分） 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Hello! This is Li Ming speaking. ____________56____________? B: Yes, this is Tom. Hi, Li Ming! A: Hi, Tom. ____________57____________? B: I’m reading a book about space. It’s really interesting. A: Sounds great! ____________58____________? B: Sure, I’d love to. I’m interested in space, too. A: ____________59____________? B: We can ride our bikes. The museum is not far from my home. A: Good idea! ____________60____________? B: Let’s meet at the school gate at 9:00 a.m. A: OK. See you then! 【答案】56. May I speak to Tom? / Is that Tom (speaking)? 57. What are you doing (now)? 58. Would you like to go to the museum with me? / Shall we go to the museum? 59. How can we get (to the museum) there? / How do we get there? 60. When and where shall we meet? 【解析】 【导语】本文是一段电话对话，Li Ming 与 Tom 相约周六去博物馆看太空展览，内容包括确认身份、询问近况、发出邀请、商量出行方式与见面时间地点。 【56题详解】 根据下文 B 回答“Yes, this is Tom.”可知，A 在电话中确认对方是否为 Tom，电话用语可用“Is that Tom (speaking)?”或“May I speak to Tom?”，故填 May I speak to Tom? / Is that Tom (speaking)?。 【57题详解】 根据下文 B 回答“I'm reading a book about space.”可知，A 在问 Tom 正在做什么，故填 What are you doing (now)?。 【58题详解】 根据下文 B 回答“Sure, I'd love to. I'm interested in space, too.”可知，A 发出了去博物馆的邀请，故填 Would you like to go to the museum with me? / Shall we go to the museum?。 【59题详解】 根据下文 B 回答“We can ride our bikes. The museum is not far from my home.”可知，A 询问如何前往，故填 How can we get (to the museum) there? / How do we get there?。 【60题详解】 根据下文 B 回答“Let's meet at the school gate at 9:00 a.m.”可知，A 询问见面的时间与地点，故填 When and where shall we meet?。 第二节：书面表达。（共1题，计15分） 61. 假定你是李华，请你根据以下表格内容，用英语写一篇短文介绍你本周末的计划，并谈谈你的感受。 参考词汇：do homework；play basketball；visit grandparents；read books；see a film 要求： 1. 参考提示内容，可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70词。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） My weekend is coming. I have made some plans. ___________________________________________ 【答案】范文 My weekend is coming. I have made some plans. On Saturday morning, I will do my homework first. Then I will play basketball with my friends in the park. In the afternoon, I will visit my grandparents and have dinner with them. On Sunday, I will read books at home and see a film with my parents in the evening. I think my weekend will be busy but happy. I am really looking forward to it! 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：表格提示类记叙文，以一般将来时为主；明确要点：结合表格词汇（do homework, play basketball, visit grandparents, read books, see a film）介绍周末计划，并谈感受，可适当补充细节；确定人称：以第一人称 I 为主；注意事项：文中不得出现真实姓名、校名、地名等个人信息，词数不少于70词（开头已给出，不计入）。 [第二步：构思布局] 开头段：承接题目已给出的开头，点明已做好计划；主体段：按时间顺序用一般将来时依次描述活动（做作业、打篮球、看望祖父母、读书、看电影）；结尾段：表达当下期待与感受（busy but happy / looking forward to it）。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：周末计划——do my homework / play basketball / visit my grandparents / read books / see a film；要点二：抒发感受——busy but happy / really looking forward to it。注意运用表格所给短语，保证要点齐全、语句连贯。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年度第一学期开学摸底考试 八年级 英语试题 第一部分 笔试（共90分） I. 完形填空（共15小题，计15分） 阅读下面一篇短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in third grade, I (1) a video that recreated the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb. I (2) Howard Carter peering through a narrow hole in the tomb with a candle. A workman asked what he could (3). “Wonderful things!” Carter said. From that (4), I knew what I wanted to do with my life. Today, I’m lucky to (5) as an archeologist. I study the (6) of people who lived in Egypt’s Nile Delta. It’s exciting work. Sometimes you (7) something that was buried three thousand years ago. Holding a piece of history is an amazing (8). I decided what I wanted to be at the age of nine, and I made it (9). It seems easy, right? Not quite! The road was not (10). I did my studies—university, then a PhD. But along the way I was told many things: I was too young, I wasn’t qualified, I should get married and have kids. I also needed money, so I (11) for six grants. The first five (12) I got said no. Six months later, the last reply came: this time it was (13). Finally, I could start my own excavation. For anyone thinking about a career, I would say: Never give up. If you want to do something, keep trying. If people tell you no, use that—it will push you. At the beginning, it hurts. But the next no hurts a little less. It makes you (14) and actually helps you. Second, focus on your goals. There are always challenges, but you overcome them in the (15). 1. A. watched B. made C. bought D. read 2. A. remember B. forget C. think D. know 3. A. see B. hear C. touch D. smell 4. A. minute B. moment C. day D. week 5. A. work B. study C. live D. help 6. A. homes B. lives C. books D. tools 7. A. find B. lose C. make D. see 8. A. feeling B. story C. dream D. picture 9. A. happen B. begin C. end D. change 10. A. easy B. long C. short D. straight 11. A. asked B. applied C. paid D. waited 12. A. letters B. replies C. results D. answers 13. A. yes B. no C. late D. early 14. A. weaker B. stronger C. sadder D. prouder 15. A. end B. beginning C. middle D. time II. 阅读理解（共15小题，计20分） 第一节：阅读下面A、B、C三篇材料，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，计15分） A The number of megacities is growing very quickly. In the 1950s, there were only two megacities in the world. Today, 12% of the world’s urban population lives in megacities. Studies show that there will be 8.5 billion people in the world in 2030. Experts say that there will be 40 megacities. Today, more than 35 cities in the world are megacities. The majority are in Asia, South America and Africa. More and more people around the world are leaving their homes in the countryside and moving to the city. Many megacities have better opportunities, such as more jobs and a choice of schools and universities. Megacities are also exciting places to live—there are lots of different people, languages and restaurants, and there are many interesting things to do. However, megacities have problems, too. The cities are very big and this can cause problems like pollution or poor housing. Tokyo is an exciting, modern city in the east of Japan. There are lots of jobs because most big companies in Japan are in Tokyo. It is also an excellent place to study—18% of Japan’s universities are in the city. However, Tokyo is very busy and the traffic is very bad. More than 7.5 million people use the Tokyo Metro every day. Delhi is in the north of India. It has many beautiful monuments, interesting museums and modern restaurants. There is an exciting mix of different cultures in the city, and there are four official languages: Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English. However, there are not enough houses in some parts of Delhi. This means that many people live in large slums in the city. Cairo is the capital of Egypt and is the second-largest city in Africa. Cairo has important car and film industries. The city is the centre of many government offices and has many universities, one of which is over 1,200 years old. 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of a famous city. B. The fast growth of very large cities. C. How to solve traffic problems. D. The most beautiful places in Asia. 17. Why are people moving to megacities? A. They want to find better chances in life. B. They want to grow their own food. C. They need to leave their families. D. They enjoy quiet country life. 18. Which of the following is mentioned as a problem of megacities? A. Too many old buildings. B. Pollution and poor housing. C. Few hospitals. D. No universities. B What makes us happy? Money? Friends? A good job? Are the answers the same for everyone? According to world surveys, Singapore and Mexico are two happy countries—but their people may be happy for different reasons. There are more than 8,000 people per square kilometer in the small nation of Singapore. People on the island work very long hours and often bring work home with them. The country has strict laws against smoking in public, littering, and even jaywalking. However, in surveys, Singapore regularly ranks as one of the happiest countries in Asia. One reason is that the government provides the basic necessities, such as housing and healthcare. There is almost no extreme poverty in Singapore. The government “tops up” poorer people’s incomes so everyone can have a minimum standard of living. The result is a lot of closely connected families with roughly equal standards of living. So for Singaporeans, living in a secure, clean, and safe place may be more important than having a lot of personal freedom. In many ways, Mexico is the opposite of Singapore. There are some parts of Mexico where people do not have a safe or secure life. Many people do not have jobs, enough food, or access to education. But, as in Singapore, most people in Mexico feel that they are happy. One reason is the importance of social interaction. According to psychologists, much of our happiness comes from feeling that we are part of a larger community. Simple acts like smiling at a neighbor or having dinner with friends can greatly increase our overall happiness. People in Mexico socialize with family and friends a lot, and this adds to their happiness. In Mexico, about half of the population is poor. However, most Mexicans live near people in a similar financial situation. So money, by itself, may not be that important for happiness. What matters more is how much money you have compared to the people around you. 19. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Rich countries are always the happiest. B. Different things can make people happy. C. Happy people never face problems. D. Singapore and Mexico are the same. 20. Why are Singaporeans happy? A. They can do anything they want. B. Their city is clean, safe and orderly. C. They have the biggest houses. D. They have many festivals every day. 21. What makes Mexicans happy? A. Long working hours. B. Clean streets and healthcare. C. Close family and friends. D. Strict laws and rules. C The Earth has several layers. Its outer layer, called the crust, floats on a layer of hot rock called the mantle. At the Earth’s centre is its metal core, made of an outer liquid layer and an inner solid ball. Volcanoes appear when melted rock in the mantle breaks through the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s crust is broken up into huge pieces called tectonic plates. These plates fit together like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle. The plates move incredibly slowly—but very powerfully. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are common where the plates meet. At the boundaries, or edges, of tectonic plates, one of three things can happen. The plates move apart, bump into each other, or slide past each other. Some plates carry continents. Over millions of years, the slow-moving plates have carried the continents across the world. Volcanoes often appear at plate boundaries. There are several kinds of volcano. Some have a huge crater, often filled with a lake. Others have sides that are gentle slopes and ooze, rather than spurt, lava. Stratovolcanoes are steep-sided cones built of many layers of lava and ash. Shield volcanoes are shaped like an ancient warrior’s shield, with gently sloping sides made of layer upon layer of cooled lava. Scientists describe volcanoes as active, dormant, or extinct. An active volcano is erupting now or has erupted recently. A dormant volcano is asleep—it hasn’t erupted in recorded history, but it may do so again. An extinct volcano will never erupt again; there is no longer any magma underneath it. 22. Where do volcanoes appear? A. Where the Earth’s crust is thickest. B. Where melted rock breaks through the crust. C. Where tectonic plates are far apart. D. Where there is no magma at all. 23. What are tectonic plates compared to? A. Large rivers. B. Pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. C. Balls of fire. D. Metal cores. 24. What does “dormant” mean in the passage? A. The volcano is asleep and may erupt again. B. The volcano is erupting now. C. The volcano will never erupt. D. The volcano has no name. 25. Which of the following is true? A. All volcanoes are active. B. Earthquakes are common where plates meet. C. The crust is the thickest layer. D. The inner core is liquid. 第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共5小题，计5分） People use robots for many reasons. Robots can do jobs that are dangerous, dull, dirty, or difficult for humans. (26) ______ They can explore deep oceans, clean sewers, and even travel to other planets where people cannot survive. (27) ______ Inventors have designed robots since ancient times. Before modern robots, there were automata—moving machines driven by clockwork, air, or water. For example, an Arab inventor built an elephant clock that used water to make sounds. In the 20th century, robots began to run on electricity. (28) ______ It could stand, sit, turn, wave its arms, and talk. Eric used electricity to make blue sparks fire from its teeth. Later, Shakey became the first robot able to think for itself by using a camera to plan movements. Today, robots are everywhere. They help doctors, build cars, clean houses, and guide visitors in museums. (29) ______ In the future, robots will become even smarter. Scientists hope robots and humans can work together to solve difficult problems. Already, robots help in hospitals, factories, and even people’s homes. (30) ______ A. This means robots are useful for jobs people cannot do well. B. The idea of robots is very old. C. One early example was Eric, a human-shaped robot that used electricity. D. Modern robots use computers as their “brains” to decide what to do. E. Robots will learn from their surroundings and help people in new ways. F. The first robots looked like animals, not humans. III. 完成句子（共5小题，计10分） 根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。（下面五个句子讲述了一次学校旅行） 31. 上周日我们班去了一次学校旅行。 Our class ____________ a school trip last Sunday. 32. 我们参观了市里的科学博物馆。 We ____________ the science museum in the city. 33. 我在礼品店买了一些明信片。 I ____________ some postcards in the gift shop. 34. 我的同学在那里拍了很多照片。 My classmates ____________ many photos there. 35. 我们都玩得很开心。 We all ____________ a great time. IV. 短文填空（共15小题，计15分） 短文一（无提示词填空，共5小题，计5分） 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 When he was nine years old, Felix Finkbeiner gave a class presentation on climate change. (36) ______ young German spoke about deforestation and its effect on the planet. At the end of his talk, he challenged the people of his country to help (37) ______ planting one million trees. Nobody thought much would come of a nine-year-old’s school project. Before he was 20, however, Finkbeiner’s efforts had resulted in the planting of more than 14 billion trees (38) ______ the world. Finkbeiner and his classmates began the project by planting the first tree outside their school. Other schools followed the example, and (39) ______ he was just 13, he spoke at a United Nations conference in New York. Finkbeiner is now in his twenties, and Plant-for-the-Planet is an organization with 70,000 members. It works to teach people about climate change and to encourage young people everywhere to take part (40) ______ planting trees. 短文二（用所给词的正确形式填空，共10小题，计10分） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每个单词限用一次）。 walk egg cold care animal quick return hunger it warm Emperor penguins are the largest penguins on Earth. Each adult is over a meter tall, and can weigh up to 40 kilograms. For many months each year, emperors live near the sea in large groups. However, the weather gets (43) ______ in May, and ice covers large areas of ocean. Each group moves many kilometers from the water. There, each mother penguin lays just a single egg. Then all the hungry mothers (41) ______ back to the ocean to find food. The father penguins put their (42) ______ on top of their feet. They cover the eggs with a special piece of skin called the brood pouch. For two months, the father penguins protect the eggs and keep them warm. They do this through some of the coldest weather conditions on Earth. By July, it is winter in Antarctica. Most other (45) ______ leave for (50) ______ places, but the father penguins stay. By August, each mother penguin (47) ______ just in time to see her baby hatch. The chick is then moved to her brood pouch. If the chick falls, it can freeze (46) ______. The penguin parents must be very (44) ______. Once the chick has been moved, the father penguin can go back to the ocean to find food. Over the next few months, penguin parents take turns going to the ocean for food. They each make the trip several times, bringing back food for the chick. The chick is always (48) ______ and grows rapidly. By December, winter is ending. The chick can now live on (49) ______ own. Soon it enters the water for the first time. After a few more years, it will start its own family. V. 任务型阅读（共5小题，计10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 We asked four students what they do in their free time. Here is what they told us. Hermione loves cats. She watches cat videos on YouTube every day and takes photos of cats. She also collects things with cats on them, such as cards, notebooks, and T-shirts. However, she can’t have cats at home because her dad can’t stand them, and she feels a little sad about it. Andy can’t stand having nothing to do. He always has a puzzle app on his mobile phone. Sometimes it is Sudoku, sometimes a crossword, and sometimes a word game. He loves doing puzzles because he never gets bored. Natalie is usually busy, but she has a little free time in the evening after doing her homework. Her favourite thing is looking at maps online. She uses “street view” and imagines walking in different places. She has been to New York and often walks in the streets there. She finds it very interesting. She tries to visit a different place at least once a week. Lucy is not really into sport. She hates running and doing exercise. However, she is crazy about the New Zealand rugby team, the All Blacks, because her uncle and aunt live there and they love rugby. She watches the games and collects anything about the team. She even has a book with photos and newspaper articles, and she talks about the All Blacks on the Internet once a week. 51. How does Hermione feel about not keeping a cat at home? Hermione feels _________________________________. 52. Why can’t Hermione keep a cat at home? Because her _________________________________. 53. In which paragraph can you find the information about Andy’s puzzle app? It’s in Paragraph _________________________________. 54. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? It refers to “_________________________________”. 55. What is Lucy crazy about? She is crazy about _________________________________. VI. 交流与表达（共6小题，计20分） 第一节：补全对话。（共5小题，计5分） 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Hello! This is Li Ming speaking. ____________56____________? B: Yes, this is Tom. Hi, Li Ming! A: Hi, Tom. ____________57____________? B: I’m reading a book about space. It’s really interesting. A: Sounds great! ____________58____________? B: Sure, I’d love to. I’m interested in space, too. A: ____________59____________? B: We can ride our bikes. The museum is not far from my home. A: Good idea! ____________60____________? B: Let’s meet at the school gate at 9:00 a.m. A: OK. See you then! 第二节：书面表达。（共1题，计15分） 61. 假定你是李华，请你根据以下表格内容，用英语写一篇短文介绍你本周末的计划，并谈谈你的感受。 参考词汇：do homework；play basketball；visit grandparents；read books；see a film 要求： 1. 参考提示内容，可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70词。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） My weekend is coming. I have made some plans. ___________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $