Unit 3 Internship 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版（第三版）基础模块2

本中职英语讲义围绕“实习”主题，系统构建学习支架，涵盖实习与职业类、行为与感受类核心词汇及深度辨析，聚焦过去进行时的构成、用法及与一般过去时的区别，结合when/while引导的时间状语从句，衔接情景交际与写作应用。 资料特色鲜明，通过词汇词形转换、语法“三步判断法”及易错点汇总，提升学生语言能力与思维品质，分层练习（基础到微写作）兼顾差异，课中对话框架与范文辅助教学，课后解析助力学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Unit 3 Internship 讲义 Unit 3 Internship 讲义 学习导航 · 重难点总览 四维学习目标 语言能力：掌握实习、工作场景、职业行为与感受相关词汇；能听懂、说出并读懂关于实习经历、工作任务、在岗感受的简单对话和短文。 文化意识：了解中外职业教育与实习（work placement / apprenticeship）文化的异同，树立认真、负责、守时的职业态度。 思维品质：能在阅读中提取时间、人物、事件等信息，借助过去进行时理解「过去某一时刻正在发生」的语境。 学习能力：运用过去进行时描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，并能与一般过去时结合叙述一段经历。 ▍重点与难点一览 类型 内容 说明 ★重点 实习与工作场景话题词汇、短语 本单元听说读写的核心材料 ★重点 过去进行时的构成与基本用法 was / were + doing ★★难点 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 「正在进行」vs「已完成」，常混合考查 ★★难点 when / while 引导的时间状语从句中的时态配合 while + 过去进行时；when 从句常用一般过去时 01 核心词汇精讲 ▍实习与职业类（含音标） 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 例句 / 拓展 intern /ˈɪntɜːn/ n. & v. 实习生；实习 work as an intern 当实习生 internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ n. 实习（期） do / take an internship 实习 experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ n. 经验（不可数）；经历（可数） work experience 工作经验 skill /skɪl/ n. 技能 communication / job skills task /tɑːsk/ n. 任务 finish a task 完成任务 company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司 join a company 入职一家公司 boss /bɒs/ n. 老板 report to the boss 向老板汇报 colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ n. 同事 helpful colleagues 热心的同事 customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ n. 顾客 serve customers 接待顾客 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任 take responsibility 承担责任 training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n. 培训 on-the-job training 在岗培训 chance /tʃɑːns/ n. 机会 a chance to learn 学习的机会 ▍行为与感受类 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 例句 / 拓展 learn /lɜːn/ v. 学习；学到 learn a lot from… 从……学到很多 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善；提高 improve my skills 提高技能 prepare /prɪˈpeə/ v. 准备 prepare for… 为……做准备 arrive /əˈraɪv/ v. 到达 arrive at / in（小地方 / 大地方） introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 介绍 introduce oneself 自我介绍 explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v. 解释 explain sth to sb（不说 explain sb sth） organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 组织 organize an event 组织活动 worry /ˈwʌri/ v. & n. 担心 worry about… 担心…… nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj. 紧张的 feel nervous 感到紧张 proud /praʊd/ adj. 自豪的 be proud of… 为……自豪 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 耐心的　n. 病人 be patient with… 对……耐心 hard-working adj. 勤奋的 a hard-working student ▍重点词汇深度辨析 1. experience：作「经验」讲为不可数名词（have much experience）；作「经历」讲为可数名词（an interesting experience）。 1. learn / study：learn 侧重「学会、学到（结果）」，study 侧重「学习、研究（过程）」；learn from 表示「向……学习 / 从……吸取教训」。 1. arrive / reach / get to：三者都表「到达」，arrive at（小地点）/ in（大地点），reach 为及物动词（reach Beijing），get to + 地点。 1. explain：固定搭配 explain sth to sb，不可说 explain sb sth。 词形转换必背 intern → internship（n. 实习期）　　　　train → training（n.）/ trainee（n. 受训者） experience → experienced（adj. 有经验的）　improve → improvement（n.） responsible → responsibility（n.）　　　　organize → organization（n.）/ organized（adj.） nervous → nervously（adv.）　　　　　　　proud → pride（n.） 02 核心短语与固定搭配 短语 含义 短语 含义 take / do an internship 实习 work as an intern 担任实习生 look for a job 找工作 apply for a job 申请一份工作 join a company 加入一家公司 report to the boss 向老板汇报 learn a lot 学到很多 learn from… 向……学习 improve one's skills 提高技能 do / finish a task 做 / 完成任务 prepare for… 为……做准备 get ready for… 为……做好准备 arrive at / in 到达（小 / 大地点） on time / in time 准时 / 及时 be responsible for… 对……负责 take responsibility for… 承担……责任 be proud of… 为……自豪 worry about… 为……担心 get along / on with… 与……相处融洽 communicate with… 与……交流 give sb a hand 帮助某人 be patient with… 对……有耐心 at that moment 在那一刻 all day / all morning 一整天 / 整个上午 ⚠ 介词 / 搭配易错点 be responsible for（对……负责） vs be responsible to（对某人负责）：for 接事，to 接人。 arrive 为不及物动词，必须加介词：arrive at the office / arrive in Beijing。 explain sth to sb（不说 explain sb sth）；introduce sb to sb。 03 核心语法：过去进行时 过去进行时（the Past Continuous Tense）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这是本单元核心语法，也是单元测、学业水平考的高频考点。 ▍一、构成 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was / were + 现在分词（doing） I was working at 9 a.m. 否定句 主语 + was / were + not + doing She wasn't listening. 一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + doing…? Were you working then? 简答 Yes, 主语 + was / were. No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't. Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. ★ 核心提示：was / were 的选择 was：主语为第一、第三人称单数（I / he / she / it）及单数名词； were：主语为第二人称及复数（you / we / they）及复数名词。 口诀：单数 was，复数 were；疑问、否定把 was / were 提到主语前。 ▍二、现在分词（doing）构成规则 情况 变化 例词 一般情况 动词 + -ing work → working, learn → learning 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e + -ing write → writing, arrive → arriving 辅音 + y 结尾 直接 + -ing study → studying 重读闭音节，末尾一个辅音字母 双写末字母 + -ing sit → sitting, get → getting, run → running ▍三、基本用法 用法 说明 例句 过去某一时刻正在进行 常与 at that time / at 8 last night / just then 连用 At 8 p.m., I was doing my task. 过去某段时间正在进行 常与 all day / the whole morning / from…to… 连用 He was training all morning. 描述过去背景 / 场景 叙述中交代背景，常与一般过去时配合 It was raining. We were waiting inside. 表委婉、客气（过去） 用于礼貌询问或提建议 I was wondering if you could help. ▍四、when / while 引导的时间状语从句（★★ 重点） 当一般过去时与过去进行时共现于同一句时，通常用 while 引出「持续进行的动作」（过去进行时），用 when 引出「突然发生的动作」（一般过去时）。 结构 含义 例句 while + 过去进行时，when + 一般过去时 正在做 A，这时突然发生了 B While I was working, the phone rang. when + 一般过去时，while + 过去进行时 B 发生时，A 正在进行 When you called, I was having a meeting. when / while + 过去进行时；过去进行时 两个动作同时进行 While he was speaking, she was taking notes. ★ when 与 while 的区别 while 强调「在……期间」，其从句动作持续时间较长，常用过去进行时； when 强调「当……时刻」，其从句动作持续时间较短或突然发生，常用一般过去时。 两动作都是持续进行时，when 与 while 可互换：While / When I was working, he was resting. ▍五、与一般过去时的区别（★★ 难点 · 必考） 对比项 一般过去时 过去进行时 侧重点 动作已完成（事实、结果） 动作正在进行（过程、持续） 时间状语 yesterday, ago, last week, just now at that time, at this time yesterday, all day 例句 I wrote a report.（写完了） I was writing a report.（当时在写） 连用 常与 when 从句连用（突发动作） 常与 while 从句连用（持续背景） ⚠ 高频易错点 ❌ ~~I was write a report.~~　　✅ I was writing a report.（was / were 后必须用 doing） ❌ ~~When I was worked, she called.~~　　✅ While I was working, she called.（持续动作用进行时） ❌ ~~He was arrive at 8.~~　　✅ He arrived at 8.（瞬间动词 arrive 不用于进行时） 瞬间动词（arrive, finish, start, realize, hear, find）一般不用于进行时，即使强调「当时」也用一般过去时。 ▍六、过去进行时 · 三步判断法 1. 第一步：找时间标志——at that time / at 8 last night / all morning → 优先考虑过去进行时。 1. 第二步：判断是否「进行中」——动作在该时刻正在发生 / 持续 → was / were doing。 1. 第三步：遇 when / while → while 从句、持续时间动作用过去进行时；when 从句、突发动作 / 已完成动作用一般过去时。 04 情景交际 · 谈论实习经历 ▍核心句型（描述过去正在做的事） 功能 句型 询问过去在做什么 What were you doing at that time / yesterday morning? 描述过去正在进行的动作 I was working / learning / helping… 叙述过去经历 I worked as an intern in a company. / I learned a lot from it. when / while 讲故事 While I was working, the manager came in. 表达感受 I felt nervous / proud / excited at first. 评价 / 建议 You should be patient. / It's important to get along with colleagues. ▍完整对话框架 Dialogue: Talking about the internship A: Where did you work during your internship? B: I worked in a trading company. I was an intern in the sales department. A: What were you doing at 9 o'clock yesterday morning? B: I was preparing a report for the manager. While I was working, the phone rang. A: When the phone rang, were you listening to music? B: No, I wasn't. I was concentrating on my task. It was hard, but I felt proud later. A: That's a great experience. You should keep it up! 05 阅读与写作 ▍长句拆解仿写 原句：While I was working as an intern in a company, I learned a lot from my colleagues and improved my communication skills. 1. 拆解：While 从句（过去进行时，表持续背景）+ 主句（一般过去时 learned / improved，两个并列动作）。 1. 仿写：While I was training at the hotel, I learned how to serve customers and improved my teamwork skills. ▍写作要点：My Internship Experience 1. 开篇：点明实习的时间、地点、岗位——Last summer, I worked as an intern in / at… 1. 主体：用过去进行时描述过去某个时刻正在做的事 + 一般过去时交代完成的任务。 1. 感受：用 learned / improved / felt proud 等表达收获。 1. 结尾：总结意义——It was a meaningful experience. / I am proud of myself. 范文 · My Internship Experience Last summer, I worked as an intern in a small company. I was a little nervous on the first day, but everyone was friendly and helpful. In the morning, while I was learning how to use the computer system, my colleague came to help me. At that time, I was taking notes carefully. I finished several easy tasks and communicated with some customers. While I was working, I learned a lot from my team. The internship was hard but meaningful. I improved my skills and felt proud of myself. It was a wonderful experience in my life. 亮点拆解：一般过去时交代事实（worked / finished / learned）→ 过去进行时描写背景与持续动作（was learning / was taking）→ while + 进行时 / when + 一般过去时自然衔接 → nervous → proud 的情感线索贯穿。 06 高频易错点汇总 类别 易错点 正确 / 提示 动词 was / were 后误接动词原形 必须用 doing：was working 动词 瞬间动词用于进行时 arrive / finish / realize 用一般过去时 时态 过去进行时与一般过去时混用 进行中 vs 已完成；when / while 区分 从句 when / while 用错 while + 持续（进行时）；when + 突发（过去时） 词汇 experience 可数与不可数混淆 「经验」不可数；「经历」可数 词汇 arrive 漏介词 arrive at / in 搭配 explain 语序错误 explain sth to sb 搭配 be responsible for / to 混淆 for + 事；to + 人 07 分层巩固练习 ▍A 基础：用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 1. At 9 o'clock last night, I _____ (watch) TV. 1. 2. — What _____ you _____ (do) at this time yesterday? — I _____ (write) an email. 1. 3. While she _____ (work), her boss _____ (come) in. 1. 4. They _____ (not / study) when I called them. 1. 5. He _____ (arrive) at the office just now.（提示：瞬间动词） ▍B 提升：单项选择 1. 1. I _____ my homework at 8 p.m. yesterday. A. did　B. was doing　C. do　D. am doing 1. 2. _____ I was cooking, the doorbell rang. A. When　B. While　C. As soon as　D. Before 1. 3. When the teacher came in, the students _____ quietly. A. talked　B. were talking　C. talk　D. are talking 1. 4. She _____ a lot during the internship. A. learns　B. learned　C. was learning　D. has learned 1. 5. You should be patient _____ the new trainees. A. with　B. to　C. for　D. at ▍C 拓展：when / while 填空 + 句子改写 1. 1. _____ (While / When) we were having a meeting, it began to rain. 1. 2. He called me _____ I was sleeping. 1. 3. 改写：I did my task. At that time, it was raining. → While I _____ _____ my task, it _____ _____.（合并为一句） ▍D 微写作 以「My Internship」为题，写 5–6 句话，至少用到 过去进行时 两次、一般过去时 若干次，并用 while / when 连接两个动作。 08 参考答案 · 解析 ▍A 基础 1. was watching（at 9 last night 过去某时刻正在做 → 过去进行时）；2. were; doing; was writing（this time yesterday 过去进行时）；3. was working; came（while + 进行时，突发动作 came 用一般过去时）；4. weren't studying（过去进行时的否定）；5. arrived（just now 过去，且 arrive 为瞬间动词，用一般过去时）。 ▍B 单项选择 1. B（at 8 p.m. yesterday 过去某时刻正在进行 → was doing）；2. B（持续动作用 While 引导进行时）；3. B（老师进来时学生们正在说话，正在进行 → were talking）；4. B（during the internship 过去经历，强调结果 → 一般过去时 learned）；5. A（be patient with sb）。 ▍C 拓展 1. While（后接进行时，表持续）；2. while / when（均可，从句为进行时）；3. While I was doing my task, it was raining. ▍D 微写作（参考） Sample My Internship Last month, I worked as an intern in a bookstore. On the first day, I was feeling a little nervous. While I was learning how to arrange the books, my manager came to encourage me. In the afternoon, I was helping a customer when the phone rang. I finished my tasks on time and learned a lot. It was a wonderful experience, and I felt proud of myself. 中职英语基础模块 2 · 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $