Unit 2 Health and Fitness 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版（第三版）基础模块2

本中职英语讲义围绕“Health and Fitness”主题，系统梳理健康与健身话题核心词汇（含health/healthy等词形转换及exercise/sport/game辨析），深入讲解句子结构（成分、五种基本句型及简单/并列/复合句判断）和there be句型（结构、就近原则及与have/has的区别），构建从词汇到语法再到应用的完整学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层设计与情境化应用，通过词汇深度辨析表、句子结构判断三步法、A/B/C/D分层练习提升思维品质，结合医生对话框架和写作范文强化语言能力，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后学生可借助易错点汇总及练习解析查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Unit 2 Health and Fitness 讲义 Unit 2 Health and Fitness 讲义 健康与健身 · 语法聚焦：句子结构 + there be 句型 00 00 学习导航 · 重难点总览 四维学习目标 语言能力：掌握健康、身体部位、运动与生活习惯相关词汇；能听懂、说出并读懂关于健康与健身的简单对话和短文。 文化意识：了解中外健康生活方式与运动文化的差异，树立积极锻炼、规律作息的意识。 思维品质：能在阅读中提取关键信息，借助句子结构知识理解长句、理清句意。 学习能力：运用句子成分与基本句型分析句子，借助 there be 句型描述身边的事物与场景。 ▍重点与难点一览 类型 内容 说明 ★重点 健康与健身话题词汇、短语 本单元听说读写的核心材料 ★重点 句子成分与五种基本句型 理解并分析英语句子的基础 ★★难点 there be 句型及就近原则 易与 have/has 混淆，需重点辨析 ★★难点 句子结构（简单句 / 并列句 / 复合句）的判断 阅读长句、写作造句的关键 01 01 核心词汇精讲 ▍健康与身体类（含音标） 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 例句 / 拓展 health /helθ/ n. 健康 Health is important. / healthy adj. 健康的 fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；适合 physical fitness 体能 illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病 serious illness 重病 / sick adj. 患病的 headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛 have a headache 头痛 stomachache n. 胃痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 fever /ˈfiːvə/ n. 发烧 have a fever 发烧 cough /kɒf/ v. & n. 咳嗽 cough badly 咳得厉害 toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛 see a dentist 看牙医 ▍运动与习惯类 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 例句 / 拓展 exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ n. & v. 锻炼 do / take exercise 做运动 sport /spɔːt/ n. 运动 play sports 做运动（复数） habit /ˈhæbɪt/ n. 习惯 good / bad habit 好习惯 / 坏习惯 diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 饮食 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 精力；能量 full of energy 精力充沛 medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药 take medicine 吃药 relax /rɪˈlæks/ v. 放松 relaxing adj. / relaxed adj. enough /ɪˈnʌf/ adj. & adv. 足够的 sleep enough 睡眠充足 ▍重点词汇深度辨析 1. exercise / sport / game：exercise 泛指锻炼；sport 指体育活动（多用复数 sports）；game 侧重有规则的比赛、一局。 1. health / healthy：health 是名词（in good health）；healthy 是形容词（a healthy life）。 1. ill / sick：作表语常可互换（be ill / sick）；作定语修饰名词时多用 sick（a sick child），ill 一般不作前置定语。 词形转换必背 health → healthy（adj.）→ unhealthy（反义）　　　ill → illness（n.） relax → relaxing / relaxed（adj.）　　　　　　　　energy → energetic（adj. 精力充沛的） medicine → medical（adj. 医疗的）　　　　　　　　habit → habitual（adj. 习惯的） 02 02 核心短语与固定搭配 短语 含义 短语 含义 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 do / take exercise 做运动 play sports 参加体育运动 keep fit / stay healthy 保持健康 lose weight 减肥 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 get enough sleep 睡眠充足 brush one's teeth 刷牙 see a doctor / dentist 看医生 / 牙医 be good for 对……有益 be bad for 对……有害 stay up late 熬夜 take medicine 服药 warm up 热身 cool down 放松（运动后） plenty of 大量的 too much / too many 太多 feel tired / stressed 感到疲劳 / 有压力 take a rest 休息一下 had better (not) do 最好（不要）做 Why not do…? 何不做……? It's important to do… 做……很重要 How often…? 多久一次……? ⚠ 介词 / 搭配易错点 be good for（对……有益） vs be good at（擅长……）：for 接对象，at 接技能。 too much（修饰不可数，如 too much food） vs too many（修饰可数复数，如 too many sweets）。 exercise / sport 前动词用 do / take / play，不用 make。 03 03 核心语法一：句子结构 英语句子无论多长，都是由句子成分构成的；而所有单句都可以归纳为五种基本句型。学会分析句子结构，是读懂长句、写好句子的关键。 ▍一、句子的成分 成分 缩写 说明 例词 / 例句 主语 S 句子陈述的对象 **Health** is important. 谓语 V 说明主语的动作 / 状态（动词） She **runs** every day. 宾语 O 动作的承受者 I like **sports**. 表语 P 系动词后，说明主语状态 He is **healthy**. 定语 Attr. 修饰名词 a **healthy** life 状语 Adv. 修饰动词，表时间 / 方式 / 原因等 run **every morning** 补足语 C 补充说明宾语 / 主语 We keep it **clean**. ★ 核心提示：系动词 + 表语 = 谓语 be（am / is / are）、look、feel、get、become、keep 等系动词后接表语（多为形容词），共同构成谓语。 如：You should keep (系动词) healthy (表语).　　She looks (系动词) tired (表语). ▍二、五种基本句型 句型 结构 例句 主 + 谓（S + V） 主语 + 不及物动词 The sun **rises**. 主 + 系 + 表（S + V + P） 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 He **is** a doctor. 主 + 谓 + 宾（S + V + O） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 I **like** sports. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾（S + V + IO + DO） 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 She **gives** me help. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补（S + V + O + C） 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 We **keep** the room clean. ▍三、句子种类（按结构） 类型 说明 例句 简单句 只有一个主谓结构（五种句型之一） I run every morning. 并列句 两个或以上简单句由 and / but / so / or 等并列连词连接 I run, **and** he swims. 复合句 含主句 + 从句（由 that / because / when 等引导） I run **because** it is good for me. ★ 判断三步法 第一步：找并列连词（and / but / so / or）→ 有则并列句； 第二步：找从属连词 / 关系词（because / when / that / who 等）→ 有则复合句； 第三步：都无 → 简单句（对应五种基本句型之一）。 ▍四、句子成分分析练习（口头 / 书面） 1. Regular exercise keeps us healthy. → S=Regular exercise, V=keeps, O=us, C=healthy（S+V+O+C） 1. She looks tired after running. → S=She, V=looks(系), P=tired（S+V+P） 1. We should eat a balanced diet every day. → S=We, V=should eat, O=a balanced diet, Adv.=every day 04 04 核心语法二：there be 句型 there be 表示「某处有某物 / 某人」，强调存在。这是本单元重点，也是学业水平考、单元测的高频考点。 ▍一、基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 There is / are + 主语 + 地点 / 时间状语 There **is** a gym near here. 否定句 There is / are + not (+ any) + … There **isn't** a hospital nearby. 一般疑问句 Is / Are there …? Yes, there is / are. No, there isn't / aren't. **Are** there any apples? Yes, there are. 特殊疑问句 How many / What + 名词 + is / are there …? **How many** students are there? ▍二、就近原则（★★ 必背考点） there be 后的第一个主语决定 be 动词的单复数——「谁近就跟谁走」。 情况 例句 就近为单数 / 不可数 → is There **is** a pen and two books on the desk. 就近为复数 → are There **are** two books and a pen on the desk. 一般多主语时 → 常用 are There are some apples and milk on the table. ▍三、there be 与 have / has 的区别（★★ 必背考点） 对比项 there be have / has 含义 **某处存在**某物（强调「有」的存在） **某人 / 某物拥有**（强调所属） 主语 there（形式主语），真正主语在 be 后 人或物作主语 例句 **There is** a library in our school. Our school **has** a library. 否定 There isn't / aren't … … don't / doesn't have … ★ 判断方法 句意强调「某处有…」→ there be；强调「某人或物拥有…」→ have / has。 两者有时可互换：There is a computer on the desk. = The desk has a computer on it. ▍四、常见考点速记 1. be 动词时态：一般现在用 is / are；一般过去用 was / were；将来用 There will be / There is / are going to be。 1. 数量修饰：There are many / some / a few books. There is much / some / a little water. 1. 反义疑问：There is a shop, isn't there?　　There are some, aren't there?（简短问句用 there） ⚠ 高频易错点 ❌ ~~There have a book.~~　　✅ There is a book.（there be 不能与 have 连用） ❌ ~~There is many students.~~　　✅ There are many students.（按就近 / 主语单复数） ❌ ~~Have there any apples?~~　　✅ Are there any apples?（疑问句把 be 提前） 05 05 情景交际 · 谈论健康与运动 ▍核心句型（建议、劝告、询问） 功能 句型 询问身体状况 What's wrong (with you)? / How are you feeling? 表达建议 You **should / had better** see a doctor. / **Why not** do more exercise? 给出建议 It's important to **keep a balanced diet**. / You need to **get enough sleep**. 谈论频率 How **often** do you exercise? — I exercise **three times a week**. 表达偏好 I prefer **running** to **swimming**. / I like **playing basketball** best. 同意 / 补充 That's a good idea. / I agree. / Let's **warm up** first. ▍完整对话框架 Dialogue: At the doctor's A: What's wrong with you, Tom? B: I've got a headache and a cough. I feel tired. A: How often do you do exercise? B: Hardly ever. I stay up late every night. A: That's too bad. You should do more sports and get enough sleep. It's important to keep healthy. B: You're right. Why not start running together tomorrow? A: Good idea! Let's warm up first. 06 06 阅读与写作 ▍长句拆解仿写 原句：If we want to keep healthy, we should do exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. 1. 拆解：If 从句（条件） + 主句（we should do … and eat …），主句为 S+V+O 并列结构。 1. 仿写：If you want to stay fit, you should get enough sleep and avoid too much junk food. ▍写作要点：My Healthy Lifestyle 1. 开篇：点明主题——I have a healthy lifestyle. 1. 主体：用 there be / 频度副词 + 五种基本句型展开——There are many ways to keep healthy. I exercise three times a week… 1. 建议：用 should / had better / It's important to… 提建议。 1. 结尾：总结——Health is the most important thing in our life. 范文 · My Healthy Lifestyle Health is very important for everyone, so I try to keep a healthy lifestyle. There are many good habits in my daily life. I get up early and do exercise every morning. I like running and playing basketball. I eat a balanced diet and have plenty of vegetables and fruit. I seldom eat junk food, and I go to bed early instead of staying up late. I think we should do more sports and get enough sleep. It's important to keep healthy. There is an old saying: health is wealth. 亮点拆解：There are 存在句点题 → 频度副词（every / seldom）表习惯 → 并列句拓展细节 → should / It's important to 提建议 → 引用谚语收尾。 07 07 高频易错点汇总 类别 易错点 正确 / 提示 词汇 ill 作前置定语 用 sick：a **sick** child 词汇 exercise 前误用 make 用 do / take / play 搭配 be good at vs be good for at + 技能；for + 对象 搭配 too much vs too many much + 不可数；many + 可数复 句子结构 分不清 S+V+P 与 S+V+O 系动词（be/look/feel）后接表语 there be there be 与 have 连用 不可连用，二选一 there be 就近原则用错 看最近主语：is / are there be 反义疑问用错主语 简短问句用 **there** 08 08 分层巩固练习 ▍A 基础：用 be 动词 / have 的正确形式填空 1. 1. There _____ (be) a hospital and two clinics in our town. 1. 2. _____ there any milk in the fridge? — Yes, there _____. 1. 3. She _____ (have) a terrible headache now. 1. 4. There _____ (be) many students in the playground just now.（提示：过去） 1. 5. They _____ (not have) enough time to exercise. ▍B 提升：单项选择 1. 1. There _____ some apples and a banana on the table. A. is　B. are　C. has　D. have 1. 2. — How often do you play sports? — _____. A. Two　B. Twice　C. Twice a week　D. Second 1. 3. You look tired. You _____ go to bed early. A. should　B. shouldn't　C. had better not　D. mustn't 1. 4. It's important _____ healthy. A. keep　B. to keep　C. keeping　D. keeps 1. 5. We should eat _____ junk food. A. too many　B. too much　C. many too　D. much too ▍C 拓展：句子成分判断（写出句型缩写） 1. 1. Running keeps me fit. → ___________ (S+V+O+C / S+V+O …) 1. 2. She is a good doctor. → ___________ 1. 3. My father gives me some advice. → ___________ ▍D 微写作 以「How to Keep Healthy」为题，写 5–6 句话，至少用到 there be、should / had better 和 It's important to… 各一次。 09 09 参考答案 · 解析 ▍A 基础 1. is（就近原则，最近主语 a hospital 为单数）；2. Is; is；3. has（主语 She 拥有，用 has）；4. were（just now 过去，students 复数）；5. don't have。 ▍B 单项选择 1. B（就近原则，就近 some apples 复数 → are）；2. C（How often 问频率，答 Twice a week）；3. A（建议，should）；4. B（It's important to do sth）；5. B（junk food 不可数 → too much）。 ▍C 句子成分 1. S + V + O（+ C 可选，me 为 O，fit 可作宾补→ S+V+O+C）；2. S + V(系) + P；3. S + V + IO + DO。 ▍D 微写作（参考） Sample How to Keep Healthy There are many ways to keep healthy. First, we should do exercise regularly. Second, it's important to eat a balanced diet and not too much junk food. We had better go to bed early and avoid staying up late. Health is the most important thing in our life. 中职英语基础模块 2 · 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $