Unit 8 People and Events 讲义2026-2027学年中职英语高教版（第三版）基础模块1

本中职英语Unit 8讲义围绕“历史人物与事件”核心话题，以人物与发明类词汇（如invent, create）、固定短语（如succeed in, be connected to）为基础，构建情态动词（can/could/must等）用法及“谈论偏好及原因”情景交际的学习支架，整合听、说、读、写语言技能，形成连贯知识脉络。 该资料突出文化意识与思维品质培养，通过中国四大发明、詹天佑与京张铁路等案例增强文化自信，引导学生评价人物贡献。设计情景对话框架、分层练习及易错点汇总，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Unit 8 People and Events 人物与事件 Unit 8 People and Events 讲义 项目 内容 单元话题 历史人物与重要事件（造纸术、京张铁路、汽车量产等） 语言技能 听懂关于人物与事件的讨论；谈论个人偏好的发明并说明原因；读懂介绍人物与事件的文本；写关键信息摘要 重点词汇 create, invent, design, improve, record, method, invention, succeed, overcome, modern, connected, reduce 等 重点短语 succeed in, show an interest in, return to, ahead of, go over, be connected to, break the record 等 核心语法 情态动词（can / could / may / might / must / should）的基本用法 情感价值 了解古今中外重要人物与事件的贡献，树立正确人生观、价值观 一、单元学习目标 维度 具体目标 语言能力 掌握本单元关于人物与事件的核心词汇和固定搭配，能在语境中正确运用 文化意识 了解中国古代四大发明、詹天佑与京张铁路等，增强文化自信与家国情怀 思维品质 能对重要人物与事件进行简单评价，说明其贡献与原因 学习能力 能听懂并参与关于偏好及其原因的对话，能写人物/事件的关键信息摘要 ★ 本单元重难点：重点——谈论偏好及原因的句型（What's your favorite…? / Why do you like it?）；难点——情态动词的意义辨析与正确使用（尤其 must 与 have to、can 与 be able to）。 二、核心词汇精讲 ▍ 1. 人物与发明类核心词（含音标与派生） 单词 / 音标 词性与词义 派生与搭配 create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造 creation n. / creative adj. invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明 invention n. / inventor n. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. & n. 设计 be designed for / to do improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进，改善 improve the method of… record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录 keep a record（名词同形 /ˈrekɔːd/） method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法 the method of paper-making invention /ɪnˈvenʃən/ n. 发明 one of the four great inventions modern /ˈmɒdən/ adj. 现代的 modernize v. / modernization n. tablet /ˈtæblət/ n. 平板电脑；药片 tablet computer connected /kəˈnektɪd/ adj. 相连的 connect v. / be connected to overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服 overcome difficulties succeed /səkˈsiːd/ v. 成功 success n. / successful adj. ▍ 2. 重点词汇深度辨析 辨析点 用法说明 例句 invent vs create invent 指发明原来不存在的事物；create 侧重创造、创作（艺术/作品） Cai Lun invented paper. / An artist creates works. succeed in succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事（in 后接名词/doing） He succeeded in building the railway. be connected to / with 与……相连 / 有关联（介词固定） The phone is connected to the Internet. overcome 后接 difficulty / problem 等名词 We must overcome the difficulties. ahead of 在……前面；早于 The train arrived ahead of schedule. ▍ 3. 词形转换（必背） 动词 名词 形容词 invent invention —（inventive） create creation creative succeed success successful improve improvement — connect connection connected modernize modernization modern pollute pollution polluted graduate graduation — ⚠ 词形转换易错： succeed 是动词，success 是名词，形容词 successful；“在……成功”用 succeed in doing，不是 succeed to do。 三、核心短语与固定搭配 短语 含义 例句 succeed in 在……取得成功 She succeeded in passing the exam. show an interest in 对……表现出兴趣 He showed an interest in machines early. return to 回到；返回 Upon graduation, he returned to China. ahead of 早于；在……前面 The train arrived ahead of time. be connected to / with 与……相连 / 有关 It is connected to the network. be born 出生 Zhan Tianyou was born in 1861. take notes 做笔记 We should take notes in class. break the record 打破纪录 She broke the world record. go over 复习；仔细检查 Go over your lessons every day. log in to 登录进入 Log in to the system first. improve the method of 改进……的方法 Cai Lun improved the method of paper-making. speed up 加速 It sped up the development of the world. ⚠ 介词固定搭配： show an interest in（in 不丢）、succeed in（in 后 v.-ing）、return to（to 是介词，后接名词/doing）、be connected to（不用 with 表连接时）。 四、核心语法：情态动词（Modal Verbs）★★ 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语；没有人称和数的变化。本单元重点掌握 can / could / may / might / must / should。 ▍ 1. 情态动词的三大共性规则（必记） 规则 说明 误 vs 正 ① 后接动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形（不加 to） ✗ He can swims. ✓ He can swim. ② 无人称、数的变化 主语无论单复数，情态动词不变形 ✗ She musts go. ✓ She must go. ③ 否定直接加 not 否定不加 do/does，疑问将其提前 cannot (can't) / Should I...? ▍ 2. 六大情态动词用法一览 情态动词 主要意义 典型例句 can 能力；许可；可能性 She can speak three languages. could can 的过去式；委婉请求 Could you teach me a little bit about it? may 许可（较正式）；可能 May I use your phone? might may 的过去式；可能性更小 It might rain later. must 必须；肯定推测（一定） You must finish it today. should 应该；建议；预期 You should see a doctor. ▍ 3. 重点辨析（高频考点） 辨析点 核心区别 例句 can 能力 vs be able to can 只有现在/过去时；be able to 有各种时态；经努力做成用 be able to He was able to escape despite the rain. may vs might（可能性） might 表示的可能性比 may 更弱 It may / might be true. must vs have to（必须） must 主观看法；have to 客观需要（must 无过去式，需用 had to） I must go now. / I had to work then. should vs ought to 均表“应该”；ought to 语气更重，疑问句中多用 should You should help her. / Ought to 表义务 请求：can / could / may could、may 比 can 更委婉礼貌 Could I come in? / May I smoke here? ▍ 4. 推测用法（难点突破） 推测类型 所用情态动词 例句 肯定推测（一定） must（只用于肯定句） The light is on. He must be at home. 否定推测（不可能） can't / cannot He can't be ill—he just played football. 不确定推测（可能） may / might / could It may / might rain this afternoon. ⚠ 推测用法三不： ① must 表推测只用肯定句；② 否定推测用 can't，不用 mustn't；③ 疑问句用 can，不用 may。 ⚠ 易混：mustn't ≠ needn't： Must I go now? 否定回答用 No, you needn't. / don't have to.（不必）；mustn't 表示“禁止、不许”。 ▍ 5. 情态动词 + have done（了解） should have donemust have done 例： ★ 情态动词三步判断法：① 看句意需要“能力 / 许可 / 可能性 / 义务”哪一种意义；② 看语气强弱（might < may < could < can < should < must）；③ 看时态与人称（过去用 could / might；情态动词本身不变形）。 五、情景交际：谈论偏好及其原因 本单元核心交际功能：谈论最喜欢的发明/人物并说明原因（Listening & Speaking 主线对话）。 ▍ 1. 核心句型（背默） 功能 句型 询问偏好 What's your favorite invention / person? 表达偏好 I like … best. / … is my favorite. 询问原因 Why do you like it (most)? 说明原因 Because I can … with it, such as … 反问对方 Is it also your favorite …? 不同意 I'm afraid not. I like … best. 感叹影响 They have changed our lives so much. 表达愿望 I hope someday I can invent something useful. ▍ 2. 完整对话框架（教材 P76 仿写） A: What's your favorite invention? B: The smartphone, of course. A: Why do you like it most? B: I can do a lot of things with it, such as chatting with friends and taking selfies. Is it also your favorite invention? A: I'm afraid not. I like the e-book reader best. B: Really? Why? A: Well, I can read with it wherever I am. I can't live without it. B: I see. There are so many inventions, and they have changed our lives so much. A: That's true. I hope someday I can invent something useful. ▍ 3. 职业角色扮演句型（Role play） A: What do you do? B: I am a nurse. A: Can you think of an important person or event related to your work? B: Tu Youyou. A: Why? B: Because the medicine she invented has helped so many patients around the world. 六、阅读与写作 ▍ 1. 阅读：The Jingzhang Railway（课文要点） 要素 关键信息 人物 Zhan Tianyou（詹天佑），chief engineer 事件 京张铁路（第一条由中国人自行设计建造的铁路） 生平 Born 1861 in Guangdong; studied in the US; graduated from Yale University 1881; returned to China 难点 铁路须穿过山区（go through an area of hills and mountains） 意义 为中国铁路事业作出巨大贡献，体现自强不息精神 ▍ 2. 写作：My Favorite Invention / An Important Person ★ 写作要点：① 点明人物/发明 + 身份；② 说明主要贡献或原因（because / such as）；③ 谈谈对你的影响或愿望（I hope someday I can…）。 范文：My Favorite Invention My favorite invention is the smartphone. I like it best because I can do a lot of things with it, such as chatting with friends, taking photos and searching for information on the Internet. It is connected to the whole world. The smartphone has changed our lives so much. I hope someday I can invent something useful like it. 七、高频易错点汇总（考前速查） 类型 易错点 正确表达 词汇 “成功”词性混淆 succeed (v.) / success (n.) / successful (adj.) 搭配 succeed 后接不定式 succeed in doing（✗ succeed to do） 搭配 return 后再接 to return to China（✗ return back to） 语法 情态动词后加 s / ed She can swim.（✗ can swims / can swam） 语法 情态动词后加 to should go（✗ should to go） 语法 must 提问否定答语 Must I…? No, you needn't.（✗ mustn't） 语法 mustn't 表“禁止” mustn't = 禁止；不必 = needn't / don't have to 推测 肯定推测用 may/can must（肯定推测） / can't（否定推测） 八、分层巩固练习 ▍ A. 词汇填空（基础） 1. Cai Lun greatly ________ (improve) the method of paper-making in the Han Dynasty. 2. The Jingzhang Railway was the first of its kind ________ (design) and built by Chinese people. 3. Zhan Tianyou showed an interest in machines at an early age, and upon ________ (graduate) from Yale, he returned to China. 4. The smartphone is ________ (connect) to the Internet, so we can chat anywhere. ▍ B. 情态动词单项选择（提升） 1. —________ I use your dictionary? —Yes, you ________. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Should; must 2. You ________ finish the work today; it's not necessary. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't 3. The light is on. He ________ be at home. A. must B. can't C. needn't 4. When she was young, she ________ read and write. A. can B. could C. may 5. You look tired. You ________ take a rest. A. should B. must C. may ▍ C. 微写作（拓展） 根据提示，写 5 句话介绍一位你敬佩的重要人物（可用 Because… / such as… / I hope someday I can…）。 九、参考答案 ▍ A. 词汇填空 1. improved 2. designed 3. graduation 4. connected ▍ B. 单项选择 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A ⚠ 解析要点： 1. 请求许可用 May I…?，答语用 can；2. 不必要 = needn't / don't have to，mustn't 是禁止；3. 肯定推测（灯亮）用 must；4. 过去能力用 could；5. 建议用 should。 ▍ C. 微写作（参考框架） The person I admire most is Tu Youyou. She is a great scientist. Because of her medicine, she has helped so many patients around the world, such as those with malaria. I hope someday I can do something useful for people like her. 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $