2027届高三二轮复习英语阅读专项训练：科技时文与AI影响（十六）

**基本信息** 聚焦科技时文与AI影响，通过4篇典型语篇系统训练细节理解、推理判断等题型，融合定位技巧与逻辑分析，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |太阳能救护车|4题|细节题定位原文关键句，态度题抓情感词汇|以“科技创新造福民生”为主题，通过车辆特性、应用场景考查信息提取与作者立场分析| |地月激光通信|4题|推理题结合比喻修辞理解技术难度，文章出处题分析文体特征|围绕“航天科技突破”，从技术优势、挑战、成果展开，培养科学思维与文化意识| |罗曼望远镜|4题|比较题聚焦性能差异，主旨题整合首尾段核心|以“太空探索”为线索，串联设备性能、命名意义、科研目标，提升信息整合能力| |AI就业冲击|4题|词义题依托上下文语境，观点题区分不同立场|通过盖茨警告与专家反驳，训练批判性思维，理解科技与社会的辩证关系|

2027届高三高考二轮复习英语阅读专项 科技时文与AI影响（十六） 语篇目录 Passage1： 荷兰学生打造全球首辆太阳能救护车 Passage2： 我国首次实现地月双向高速激光通信 Passage3： 美国发射罗曼空间望远镜 Passage4： 比尔・盖茨罕见发长文警告 AI 冲击 阅读原文： Passage 1（科技新闻｜主题语境：人与社会・科技创新造福民生） World’s first solar‑powered ambulance is being put to the test Stella Juva, dubbed the world’s first solar‑powered ambulance, is more than a traditional emergency vehicle. Some observers even note it functions chiefly as a mobile health clinic rather than a typical ambulance for patient transport. Developed by 23 engineering students of Solar Team Eindhoven from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, this prototype is designed for off‑grid remote regions, where millions lack fuel, stable electricity and accessible medical services. Instead of rushing patients to hospitals, it brings medical services straight to these underserved communities. Built with aerospace‑grade carbon‑fiber‑composite materials, the vehicle weighs only 1,350 kg, less than half the weight of a standard ambulance. Its teardrop‑shaped body reduces wind resistance. Equipped with high‑efficiency solar cells and a 50‑kWh battery pack, it draws power from sunlight. On sunny paved roads, its maximum range hits 715 km, while its estimated off‑road driving distance falls to about 360 km. The top speed reaches 120 km/h. Battery reserves keep both driving and medical systems operational even on cloudy days or at night. A smart dual‑zone power system offers vital safety support. If the vehicle is unable to move, it automatically reserves electricity for life‑saving medical instruments. Its climate‑controlled medical cabin carries practical diagnostic tools: portable X‑ray machines for tuberculosis screening, ultrasound scanners for prenatal care, malaria test kits, an automated external defibrillator (AED), and cooling equipment to store vaccines under harsh hot‑climate conditions. Together with Amref Health Africa, the team is testing Stella Juva in Kenya’s rugged Turkana region, where residents are hours away from reliable medical power supplies. Notably, Stella Juva remained a research prototype and would not be mass‑produced. However, its engineering blueprints will be released as open‑source resources. For nearly one billion people living far from modern medical infrastructure, timely treatment remains difficult to access. Stella Juva proves renewable solar technology can narrow healthcare gaps. It demonstrates how student‑led innovation can deliver tangible hope for underserved remote communities. 1.What is the main feature of Stella Juva? A. It focuses on sending patients to hospitals rapidly B. It acts as a mobile medical service station for remote areas C. It has been mass‑produced for African countries D. It can work normally without any battery support 2.What can we learn about the solar‑powered ambulance from paragraph 3? A. Its body material increases its total weight greatly B. It can run over 700 kilometers on rough roads C. Weather conditions influence its driving range D. Its top speed is limited due to solar equipment 3.What will the research team do with Stella Juva’s blueprints? A. Sell them to medical equipment companies B. Keep them strictly confidential for further research C. Make them publicly available resources D. Apply for global patent protection immediately 4.What is the author’s attitude towards Stella Juva? A. Doubtful B. Favorable C. Uncaring D. Critical Passage 2（科技说明文｜主题语境：人与自然・航天科技突破） A Cosmic “Information Highway”: China’s Earth‑Moon Laser Breakthrough Scientists from the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization (CSU) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have achieved a major space‑communications milestone. Using a satellite in distant retrograde orbit, the team has established stable two‑way high‑speed laser links spanning more than 400,000 kilometers between Earth and the Moon. Laser communication systems outperform traditional microwave communications in transmission speed, bandwidth, anti‑interference capability and hardware portability. Despite these inherent advantages, building an ultra‑long‑distance Earth‑Moon laser link involves three core engineering challenges: precise beam alignment, ultra‑faint signal reception and high‑efficiency data transmission. Yang Lei, a CSU researcher and leader of the test team, vividly described the technical difficulty. “Earth‑moon communication is like threading a needle from a thousand miles away,” he explained. Tiny satellite wobbles or atmospheric turbulence may deviate laser beams from their target. An extremely small angular deviation during transmission can result in positioning errors of several kilometers at lunar distances. Researchers developed an innovative tracking and acquisition system to maintain precise alignment while ground‑based and space‑borne devices operate continuously. The system comprehensively compensates for orbital drift, atmospheric distortion and optical propagation delays. After traveling 400,000 kilometers through space, returning laser signals become extremely faint. Ground telescopes receive only a handful of photons, which are easily overwhelmed by moonlight, starlight and urban lighting. The interference scenario is comparable to detecting a pin drop in a noisy crowd. To solve this problem, the team adopted superconducting single‑photon detection technology and high‑sensitivity algorithms to extract valid data from complex background noise. The test recorded stable and practical transmission rates: 1.25Mbps for Earth‑to‑space uplink and 100Mbps for space‑to‑Earth downlink. An 8K high‑resolution lunar image, which takes several minutes to transmit via traditional microwave channels, can be delivered in approximately 12 seconds through the new laser system. As China advances its crewed lunar missions and lunar research station construction, massive amounts of observational images and scientific data will far exceed the capacity of conventional communication technologies. This revolutionary laser communication highway will provide a reliable, high‑speed data transmission channel for China’s future deep‑space exploration programs. 1.What is one strength of laser communication compared with microwave communications? A. Lower cost of equipment B. Better anti‑interference performance C. Easier long‑distance beam alignment D. Free from atmospheric influence 2.Why does the author mention “threading a needle from a thousand miles away”? A. To show the difficulty of earth‑moon laser communication B. To praise researchers’ patience in space exploration C. To explain how satellite wobbles are removed D. To describe the appearance of space satellite 3.What can we know about the test result? A. It takes minutes for the laser system to send an 8K lunar image B. The uplink speed is higher than the downlink speed C. Laser signals weaken greatly after long‑distance space travel D. Superconducting technology prevents orbital drift directly 4.What is the text? A. A travel brochure B. A science news report C. A biography of space scientists D. An advertisement for space satellites Passage 3（科技新闻｜主题语境：人与自然・太空探索） A New “Discovery Machine” Explores the Hidden Universe NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope successfully lifted off aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket on August 30 from Florida’s Kennedy Space Center. The bus‑sized observatory is bound for the Sun‑Earth Lagrange Point 2, 1.5 million kilometers away, where it will join the James Webb Space Telescope for deep‑space research. Equipped with a high‑precision 2.4‑meter primary mirror comparable to Hubble’s, Roman delivers revolutionary performance. Its field of view is 100 times wider, allowing it to scan the universe more than 1,000 times faster than Hubble could. Carrying an advanced wide‑field infrared instrument and an experimental coronagraph, it will map billions of galaxies, hunt for exoplanets and rogue planets, and probe dark matter and dark energy that shape cosmic evolution. Following months of in‑orbit calibration, its five‑year primary mission will start in early 2027. All processed data from the telescope will be freely available to researchers worldwide. The telescope honors Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first Chief Astronomer and the first woman to hold an executive‑level role in the agency. At a time when women were largely kept out of scientific careers, Roman fought deep‑rooted gender prejudice to promote space astronomy. Known as “the Mother of Hubble”, she long championed open access to astronomical data, a core value carried forward by this new mission. Regarded by NASA as a powerful “discovery machine”, Roman is built to complement, not replace, existing space facilities. It conducts large‑scale sky surveys to spot interesting celestial targets for detailed follow‑up observations. Scientists note that its most remarkable findings may stem from unexpected cosmic phenomena. Whereas many space missions aim to test existing theories, Roman is designed partly to seek what no current theory can predict. In this sense, it carries forward both the technical ambition of modern astronomy and the pioneering spirit of its namesake. 1.What advantage does the Roman Space Telescope have over Hubble? A. It uses a totally new type of primary mirror B. It can observe the universe at a much higher speed C. It will work for more than ten years in space D. It can replace other space telescopes completely 2.Why is the telescope named after Dr. Nancy Grace Roman? A. Because she designed its main instruments B. Because she fought for gender equality and open astronomical data C. Because she was the first female astronaut of NASA D. Because she discovered plenty of new galaxies in space 3.What is Roman’s special design goal different from many other space missions? A. To test existing scientific theories repeatedly B. To collect data only for American researchers C. To look for unpredicted cosmic phenomena D. To compete against the James Webb Telescope 4.What is the writing purpose of the text? A. To introduce a newly‑launched space telescope B. To compare different space‑exploration devices C. To honor contributions of female astronomers D. To predict future changes of cosmic theories Passage 4（观点思辨议论文｜主题语境：人与社会・AI 对社会就业的冲击） Gates Issues Stern Warning over AI’s Disruption of Labor Market In a new, nearly 6,000‑word essay, Microsoft co‑founder Bill Gates has sounded the alarm over artificial intelligence’s rapid growth, arguing that the coming AI revolution will disrupt society far more profoundly than any previous technological shift. Unlike the multigenerational personal computer revolution, AI is advancing at an extraordinary pace, leaving society little time to adapt. Gates warns that the technology will reshape industries including law, medicine, manufacturing and customer service within a decade. As AI approaches nearly error‑free performance, businesses will have clear economic incentives to replace human workers with automated systems. This trend endangers both white‑collar roles — such as data analysis and office administration — and blue‑collar manual jobs in construction and hospitality. Young job seekers will face particularly intense pressure. While new positions will emerge, they will not offset job losses without targeted policy support. To address AI’s disruptive effects on the labor market, Gates proposes two policy approaches. He suggests taxing AI systems and robots — similar to the payroll taxes levied on human employees — to slow workforce displacement. He also proposes reserving certain occupations, such as caregiving, exclusively for humans — a measure he compares to creating social “nature reserves” to preserve human involvement in essential care work. He adds that nations may adjust policies to fit their own conditions, noting that aging Japan might adopt care robots to ease its labor shortage. Still, Gates’ policy ideas have drawn pushback from AI experts. Oren Etzioni, a leading AI researcher, acknowledges AI’s threat to global employment but rejects the proposal to tax AI tokens. He maintains that such a tax is flawed, because AI usage cannot accurately reflect real‑world job displacement. He also warns that the measure may weaken a country’s tech competitiveness and drive users toward foreign AI tools. Gates urges global policymakers to act promptly. Timely, effective regulation, he believes, can prevent soaring unemployment and social instability, enabling AI development to deliver broad public benefit. 1.What is Bill Gates’ concern about AI revolution? A. AI will slow down the development of computer industry B. Society lacks enough time to adapt to AI’s rapid progress C. AI technology can cause serious environmental pollution D. AI will completely take over care‑giving work in Japan 2.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Make up for B. Lead to C. Sort out D. Give up 3.What is Oren Etzioni’s attitude towards Gates’ AI‑tax proposal? A. Supportive B. Objective C. Disapproving D. Uninterested 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The advantages artificial intelligence brings to various industries B. Different opinions on how to deal with AI’s influence on jobs C. Practical policies to solve global youth unemployment crisis D. Predictions about future development of artificial intelligence 参考答案与解析 参考答案 Passage 1：1‑4 B C C B Passage 2：1‑4 B A C B Passage 3：1‑4 B B C A Passage 4：1‑4 B A C B Passage 1 解析 1. 答案 B（细节理解题） 定位：第 1 段 “Some observers even note it functions chiefly as a mobile health clinic rather than a typical ambulance for patient transport.”；第 2 段 “brings medical services straight to these underserved communities.” 解析：这台太阳能救护车主要作为偏远地区移动医疗站；A 错，它不以快速送病人去医院为主；C 错，原型机不会大规模量产；D 错，依旧依靠电池储能。 2. 答案 C（细节理解题） 定位：第 3 段 “On sunny paved roads, its maximum range hits 715 km, while its estimated off‑road driving distance falls to about 360 km.” 解析：路况、天气会影响续航里程。A 错，新型材料减轻重量；B 错，非铺装路面续航约 360km；D，文中未提及最高时速受太阳能设备限制。 3. 答案 C（细节理解题） 定位：第 5 段 “However, its engineering blueprints will be released as open‑source resources.” 解析：工程蓝图会作为开源资源向公众开放。 4. 答案 B（观点态度题） 定位：末段 “…deliver tangible hope for underserved remote communities.” 解析：作者认为该创新给偏远地区带来希望，持支持态度。 Passage 2 解析 1. 答案 B（细节理解题） 定位：第 2 段 “Laser communication systems outperform traditional microwave communications in transmission speed, bandwidth, anti‑interference capability and hardware portability.” 解析：激光通信抗干扰能力更强。A 文中未提及成本；C 错，长距离光束对齐是工程难题；D 错，会受大气扰动影响。 2. 答案 A（推理判断题） 定位：第 3 段，引用比喻用来形象说明地月激光通信的技术难度。 3. 答案 C（细节理解题） 定位：第 4 段 “After traveling 400,000 kilometers through space, returning laser signals become extremely faint.” 解析：激光信号经过远距离太空传输后大幅衰减。A 错，8K 图像通过激光仅需约 12 秒；B 错，上行速率低于下行；D，超导单光子检测用于提取微弱信号，不是直接消除轨道漂移。 4. 答案 B（文章出处题） 解析：文章报道我国地月高速激光通信科研突破，属于科技新闻报道。 Passage 3 解析 1. 答案 B（细节理解题） 定位：第 2 段 “Its field of view is 100 times wider, allowing it to scan the universe more than 1,000 times faster than Hubble could.” 解析：罗曼望远镜宇宙扫描速度远快于哈勃。A，主镜精度相当；C，主要五年任务；D，是补充而非替代现有设备。 2. 答案 B（细节理解题） 定位：第 3 段 “Roman fought deep‑rooted gender prejudice to promote space astronomy…championed open access to astronomical data” 解析：该望远镜以此科学家命名，纪念她为破除性别偏见、推动天文数据公开所做的努力。 3. 答案 C（推理判断题） 定位：第 4 段 “Whereas many space missions aim to test existing theories, Roman is designed partly to seek what no current theory can predict.” 解析：它的部分目标是寻找现有理论无法预测的宇宙现象。 4. 答案 A（写作目的题） 解析：全文介绍刚刚发射的罗曼空间望远镜，包括性能、命名由来、科研使命。 Passage 4 解析 1. 答案 B（细节理解题） 定位：第 2 段 “AI is advancing at an extraordinary pace, leaving society little time to adapt.” 解析：盖茨担忧 AI 发展速度太快，社会来不及适应。 2. 答案 A（词义猜测题） 词义猜测：offset 意为 “抵消；弥补”。句意：即便会产生新岗位，但缺少政策支持，新岗位也弥补不了岗位流失。A make up for 弥补；B lead to 导致；C sort out 整理；D give up 放弃。 3. 答案 C（观点态度题） 定位：第 4 段 “acknowledges AI’s threat to global employment but rejects the proposal to tax AI tokens.” 解析：Oren Etzioni 拒绝该征税提议，持不赞同态度。 4. 答案 B（主旨大意题） 主旨大意：比尔・盖茨提出应对 AI 冲击就业市场的政策，同时介绍 AI 专家对此政策的反对观点；围绕 AI 对就业的影响，展示不同立场。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $