内容正文:
专题16 短文填空专项
2027版山东省(春季高考)《英语二轮讲练测》复习课件
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考情总览
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解题方法
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解题方法与答题步骤
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命题预测
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考情总览
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短文填空是山东职教高考英语试卷第二大题,题号16‑25,共 10 个空,每空仅填 1 个单词,无备选词,不给出单词提示。语篇词数 150‑200 词,多为记叙文、简单说明文,话题紧密贴合职校场景:汽修实训、护理实训、酒店服务、校园生活、实习兼职、职业成长、社会实践。 该题型属于语篇型语法填空题,不单独考查孤立语法点,要求学生结合上下文语境、句子句法结构、固定搭配完成填空。既考查阅读理解能力,又全面检测语法变形。是区分基础生与中等生的核心题型,高频失分点集中在动词词形变化、名词单复数、形容词副词转换、逻辑连词。
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【考情分析】
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1. 真题动向
词数稳定 150‑200,以叙事类记叙文为主,其次是职业主题说明文;文章逻辑链条完整,有时间线、事件发展顺序;多出现职校学生实训、实习故事,贴近考生生活,生词量严格控制,少量职业相关词汇可以通过上下文推断词义。
2. 考点权重分布
动词板块(时态、被动语态、非谓语动词):占比最高,10 个空通常占 3‑4 空,是核心考点;
介词、并列连词:各 1‑2 空,重点考查固定搭配与句间逻辑;
名词(单复数、所有格)、代词(物主代词、不定代词):1‑2 空;
形容词、副词及其比较等级:1 空;
冠词 a/an/the:0—1 空,考查泛指、特指。
3. 命题规则
①不给提示词,完全依靠上下文 + 语法填空;一空一词,不能填短语;
②会设置 “陷阱空”:句子看上去缺动词,实际已经存在谓语,需要填写非谓语;名词前面有 many/several 等标志词,需要变复数;
③时态统一:整篇文章有主体时态,多数真题以一般过去时为主体,少量一般现在时;
④逻辑空:不能只看本句,需要读懂前后两句转折、因果、顺承关系,选择 but/and/so 等连词。
4. 考生高频易错点
1)看到动词,忽略时态、被动、非谓语判断,直接写动词原形;
2)名词不看修饰词,忘记变复数;
3)形容词副词混淆:修饰动词误用形容词,修饰名词误用副词;
4)介词固定搭配记忆混乱,介词填空失分严重;
5)连词只翻译中文意思,忽略前后句逻辑关系;
6)多余填写冠词、代词,或者忽略句首单词首字母大写。
5. 必备知识(细化,配真题风格例句、易错警示)
(1)动词(最高频考点)
做题判断顺序:先找句子谓语动词 →判断句子有无谓语→再判断时态 / 被动语态→有谓语则考虑非谓语动词
易错警示:一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词,如果已经有谓语,后面出现动词必须改为 to do /doing/done 非谓语形式。
①时态:抓住时间标志词,同时看全文主体时态,前后动词时态保持一致。
时间标志:yesterday、last…、in the past(一般过去时);often、every…(一般现在时);will(一般将来时)
例:Last year, I ____ (take) part in the hotel‑service practical training.
答案:took
解析:last year 为过去时间,谓语动词使用一般过去时。
②被动语态:结构be + 过去分词;主语是动作的承受者,也就是主语 “被……”。
例:Lots of practical skills ____ (learn) in the vocational training course.
答案:are learned
解析:skills 技能是 “被学习”,主语复数,一般现在时被动。
③非谓语动词(to do /doing/done)
句子内部已经存在谓语动词,再出现第二个动词,不能直接写谓语,要变为非谓语。
to do:多表目的、将来;
例:He went to the repair lab ____ (learn) automobile repair skills.
答案:to learn(表目的:去实验室为了学习汽修)
‑ doing:作主语、宾语,或者现在分词作伴随;
例:____ (work) in the hotel helps me improve my communication skills.
答案:Working(动名词作句子主语)
‑ done 过去分词:表被动、完成;
例:The machine ____ (use) by students was broken yesterday.
答案:used
(2)名词
核心考点:名词复数、名词所有格。
判断标志:空前出现 many、several、two、few、a number of,后面名词必须变为复数。
易错警示:不要忽略特殊复数变化:student‑students;factory‑factories。
例:There are many ____ (student) taking nursing training in the center.
答案:students
例:This is the ____ (boy) repair tool.
答案:boy’s(名词所有格,表示 “男孩的”)
(3)形容词 & 副词、比较等级
规则:
✅形容词修饰名词,放在名词前面;
✅副词修饰动词、形容词、整个句子;
✅much 后面只能接形容词 / 副词比较级。
例:She finishes her training tasks ____ (careful).
答案:carefully
解析:修饰动词 finish,要用副词,不能写 careful。
(4)代词
考查:人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、不定代词。
易错警示:空格后面有名词,要用形容词性物主代词 his/her/their;后面无名词,使用名词性物主代词。
例:The girl finished ____ (she) hotel‑training task perfectly.
答案:her(后面有名词 task,用形容词性物主代词)
(5)冠词 a /an/the
a/an 表泛指一个;the 表特指,上文提到过的人 / 物;固定搭配中用零冠词。
易错警示:元音音素开头名词前用 an,不是看字母。
例:He works in ____ auto‑repair shop.
答案:an(auto 元音音素开头,泛指一家汽修店)
例:This is the lab. ____ lab is popular among students.
答案:The(第二次提到,特指)
(6)介词(固定搭配高频)
高频介词:in /on/at /for/with /of/about。
介词绝大多数考查固定短语搭配,必须结合前后单词记忆。
易错警示:介词后面接动词,动词要变为 doing 形式。
例:I am ready ____ the coming practical skill test.
答案:for(固定搭配 be ready for 为…… 做好准备)
例:He is good ____ communicating with guests.
答案:at(be good at 擅长)
(7)并列连词(逻辑必考)
and顺承并列;but转折;so结果;or选择、否则。
⚠不能只翻译中文,必须读懂前后两句逻辑:
例:He tried his best, ____ he still failed the practical test.
答案:but
解析:他尽了最大努力,但是实操测试仍然失败,前后转折关系。
例:He practiced every day, ____ he made great progress.
答案:so
解析:每天练习,所以取得很大进步,因果关系。
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【解题方法与答题步骤】
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步骤 1:通读全文,把握主旨,确定主体时态
跳过全部空格完整读一遍短文,搞清楚文章讲什么故事;标记全文主要动词,确定整篇文章主体是一般过去时还是一般现在时,后续填空时态要尽量和全文保持统一。
步骤 2:逐句逐空拆解,三层分析
①判断词性:本空格需要填动词、名词、形容词副词、代词、介词还是连词;
②分析句子句法:找本句谓语动词。
‑本句没有谓语动词→大概率填谓语,考虑时态、被动、主谓一致;
‑本句已经有谓语动词→不能再填谓语动词,优先考虑非谓语 to do /doing/done;
③寻找上下文线索:时间标志词、修饰词 many/than、前后句逻辑、固定短语搭配。
步骤 3:代入试读,整体复核(非常关键)
填完所有空,完整重读整篇短文,检查三点:
1. 每空严格只填1 个单词,不写短语;
2. 词形变形正确:复数、比较级、过去式、非谓语是否写对;
3. 语法通顺,上下文逻辑通顺;只有句子开头位置单词首字母大写,其余小写。
避坑提醒
1. 看到动词先找本句谓语,不要直接写原形;
2.than、much 看到立刻想到比较级;
3.many、several 看到立刻想到名词复数;
4. 前后两句话,逗号隔开,优先考虑并列连词 but/and/so/or。
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【命题预测】
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【命题预测】
命题预测 1(基础)
Now many vocational school students take part in different kinds of practical training. Li Hua is studying hotel service in a vocational school. Last month, he 1 ________ a one‑week training program in a city hotel. He learned how to greet guests and deal 2 ________ guests’ daily problems. At first, he was not good at communicating 3 ________ strangers. His teacher often told him to be patient and polite. 4 ________ he kept practicing every day, he made great progress.
【命题预测】
One guest said Li Hua’s service was very good. Li Hua felt really proud 5 ________ himself. He knows practical skills are very important for 6 ________ future job. He will keep learning and try 7 ________ best to improve. More students in his class will join similar training 8 ________ next term. They all hope 9 ________ get more working experience before they leave 10 ________ school.
【命题预测】
1. 答案:attended
解析:时间标志 last month(上个月),全文主体时态为一般过去时。attend a program 为固定搭配 “参加项目 / 课程”,attend 的过去式 attended,在句中作谓语。
2. 答案:with
解析:固定动词短语 deal with,含义 “处理,应对”,介词 with 为短语固定组成部分,后接宾语 guests’ daily problems。
3. 答案:with
解析:固定搭配 communicate with sb “与某人交流”;句意:一开始,他不擅长和陌生人沟通。介词 with 是固定搭配要求。
【命题预测】
4. 答案:Because
解析:前后句为因果关系;“因为他每天坚持练习,所以取得巨大进步”。本空位于句首,连词首字母必须大写,填 Because。
5. 答案:of
解析:固定短语 be proud of sb“为…… 感到自豪”,介词 of 不可替换,为高频固定搭配。
6. 答案:his
解析:空格后面有名词短语 future job,需要形容词性物主代词;主语为 he,对应物主代词 his,翻译 “他未来的工作”。
【命题预测】
7. 答案:his
解析:固定搭配 try one’s best “尽某人最大努力”,one’s 要与句子主语 he 保持人称一致,填形容词性物主代词 his。
8. 答案:activities
解析:training activities “训练活动”;many similar 后接可数名词复数,activity 复数形式 activities。
【命题预测】
9. 答案:to
解析:固定动词用法 hope to do sth “希望做某事”,不定式符号 to 后接动词原形 get。
10. 答案:the
解析:leave the school,the 表特指,指代前文提到的这所职校;定冠词 the 限定名词 school。
【命题预测】
命题预测 2(中等)
Working in the auto‑repair lab is popular among boys in vocational schools. Wang Wei majors 1________ automobile maintenance. Every Friday afternoon, he spends two hours 2 ________ in the school lab. Last Friday, something strange happened. One set of equipment 3 ________ broken when he was doing the repair practice. He felt upset 4 ________ he didn’t know how to fix it by himself.
【命题预测】
5 ________ of his classmates tried several ways, but none worked well. Soon their teacher came over. The teacher told them 6 ________ safety was the most important thing in the lab. He helped them check the machine carefully. Finally the machine 7 ________ repaired. Wang Wei learned a lot 8 ________ this accident. He said he would be much 9 ________ in future practice. He also told other students to pay more attention 10 ________ lab safety.
【命题预测】
1. 答案:in
解析:固定搭配 major in“主修(某专业)”,介词 in 为固定短语构成,后接专业 automobile maintenance。
2. 答案:practicing
解析:spend time (in) doing sth 固定结构 “花费时间做某事”,介词 in 可以省略,后面动词要用 doing 形式,故填 practicing。
3. 答案:was
解析:时间 last Friday 为过去时;be broken 表示状态 “坏了”;主语 one set of equipment 为单数,一般过去时 be 动词选用 was。
【命题预测】
4. 答案:because
解析:前后句因果逻辑:他感到沮丧,因为他自己不知道怎么修理设备。连词 because 引导原因状语从句。
5. 答案:Some
解析:some of…“…… 当中的一些”;some of his classmates “他的一些同学”;句首首字母大写。
6. 答案:that
解析:动词 told 后接宾语从句,从句 safety was the most important thing in the lab 是完整陈述句,引导词 that 无实际词义,只起连接从句作用。
【命题预测】
7. 答案:was
解析:句意:机器最后被修好。被动语态 be + 过去分词 repaired;文章整体过去时,主语 the machine 单数,be 动词用 was。
8. 答案:from
解析:固定搭配 learn…from…“从…… 中学到……”;from 介词,表示来源。
【命题预测】
9. 答案:more‑careful
解析:much 修饰形容词比较级;结合语境 “以后实操会更加细心”,careful 比较级 more‑careful。
10. 答案:to
解析:固定短语 pay attention to “注意”,介词 to 是固定搭配,后面接名词 lab safety。
【命题预测】
命题预测 3(拔高,对标春考难题)
Nursing major students need plenty of practical experience before they take their jobs. Liu Ying is a nursing student. She once worked as a helper in a community hospital during 1 ________ summer holiday. At the beginning, she could hardly understand 2 ________ old patients said. She was too nervous 3 ________ talk with them freely. Her teacher encouraged her 4 ________ keep trying. She spent much time 5 ________ listening and communicating.
【命题预测】
Day by day, she became better. One day an old man felt badly sick. Liu Ying helped take 6 ________ temperature quickly. Thanks 7 ________ her quick action, the old man got timely help. 8 ________ she was tired every day, she never gave up. She believes 9 ________ practical experience can make 10 ________ much better nurse in the future.
【命题预测】
1. 答案:her
解析:后面名词 summer holiday,需要形容词性物主代词,主语 she,对应 her,“在她的暑假期间”。
2. 答案:what
解析:宾语从句引导词 what,在从句中作 said 的宾语;understand what old patients said “听懂老年病人所说的话”。
3. 答案:to
解析:固定结构 too…to do sth“太…… 以至于不能……”;too nervous to talk “太紧张而无法自由交谈”,填不定式符号 to。
【命题预测】
4. 答案:to
解析:固定搭配 encourage sb to do sth “鼓励某人做某事”,不定式 to 后接动词原形 keep。
5. 答案:in
解析:spend time in doing sth,in 可省略,本空保留介词 in,后接动名词 listening。
6. 答案:his
解析:take one’s temperature “量体温”;前文 an old man,男性,形容词性物主代词 his。
【命题预测】
7. 答案:to
解析:固定短语 thanks to“多亏,由于”,介词 to 构成固定短语,引出原因。
8. 答案:Though
解析:让步状语从句,“虽然她每天很累,但是她从不放弃”;though 表虽然,句首首字母大写。
9. 答案:that
解析:believe 后接完整陈述句宾语从句,引导词 that 无词义,只承担连接功能。
10. 答案:a
解析:后面 nurse 是可数名词单数,much better 为辅音音素开头,泛指一名护士,填不定冠词 a。
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