Unit 3 Period 3 The Road to Destruction（分层作业）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A/B/C组及拓展分层设计，构建从词汇基础到高考综合应用的递进路径，强化语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇（如“破坏”“愤怒”）、基础语法（定语从句、词性转换）|单词拼写、单句语法填空，聚焦基础识记与即时应用| |B组能力进阶|语篇语法综合（时态、连接词、词性转换）|环保主题语法填空，衔接单句与语篇语境| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解与逻辑分析（零浪费餐厅、可再生能源）|阅读理解、七选五，提升信息获取与推理能力| |拓展链接高考|高考真题综合应用（地铁再生能源）|高考题型实战，对接升学要求|

Unit 3 Period 3 The Road to Destruction 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 破坏，毁坏 ________________ 2. 卡住的，无法移动的 ________________ 3. 愤怒；怒气 ________________ 4. 十年，十年期 ________________ 5. 气体 ________________ 6. 癌症 ________________ 7. 相联系，有关联 ________________ 8. 定期的，有规律的 ________________ 9. 适合 ________________ 10. 烦恼的，生气的 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. People are worried about the environmental ________ (破坏) caused by waste gas. 2. My car got ________ (卡住的) in heavy traffic on my way to work this morning. 3. He could not hide his ________ (愤怒) when he saw the polluted river. 4. Great changes have taken place in this city over the past ________ (十年). 5. This kind of chemical ________ (气体) is harmful to our health. 6. The new green policy ________ (适合) the development of the local community. 三、单句语法填空 1. The traffic jam ________ made many drivers annoyed lasted for more than two hours. 2. The report talks about air pollution, ________ is closely related to our daily life. 3. Too much stress may cause ________ (annoy) and other bad feelings. 4. The doctor advised him to take ________ (regularly) exercise to keep healthy. 5. The local people felt ________ (stress) when the factory gave off harmful gas. 6. The ________ (relate) between air pollution and cancer has drawn wide‑spread attention. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 空气污染与我们日常生活的许多方面有关系。 Air pollution ________________________ many parts of our daily life. 2. 那场持续了三个小时的交通堵塞让很多乘客感到恼火。 The traffic jam ________________________ made many passengers annoyed. 3. 我们应该养成定期锻炼身体的好习惯。 We should ________________________ doing physical exercise regularly. 4. 专家们正在研究一种能够减少有害气体排放的新方法。 Experts are studying a new way ________________________ harmful gas. 5. 在过去的十年里，这座城市的环境发生了巨大的变化。 Great environmental changes have taken place in this city ________________________. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up, you are 1 (probable) suffering from what is known as “Just-me-ism”. You might think it is no big deal. “How can it matter if I leave a little piece of litter on the road?” But what if 2 (million) of people think the same? Then our world would be piled with litter 3 run short of natural resources at the same time. See? Just-me-ism” is 4 (harm)! To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 5 (establish) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist 6 is the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees. In addition 7 her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people so they can help to build 8 secure future and live together in peace with nature. Dr. Jane Goodall is convinced that every individual matters. Every individual has a role 9 (play). Every individual makes a difference.” So her institute Roots & Shoots is all about 10 (encourage) people to do their part in making the world a better place. And you cannot be absent. 六、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·贵州·阶段检测）Every year, approximately 25–30% of all food produced worldwide — some 1.6 billion tons — is wasted. This amounts to one billion meals a day, according to the UN. In a world where about one-third of all food produced is wasted, a quiet revolution is beginning in restaurant kitchens. Opened in 2014, Silo stands as the world’s first zero-waste restaurant. Its goal is simple yet ambitious: to remove the need for a trash can. The chef, Doug McMaster, believes that “waste is a failure of the imagination.” At Silo, nothing is wasted. Food that isn’t served is fermented (发酵) or composted (堆肥). All packaging materials are either recycled or returned to suppliers. The only physical trash they have is a small, colorful cube of pressed plastic, which McMaster calls a piece of “art.” This cube acts as a symbol of their huge effort to avoid waste. McMaster’s journey began when he met an environmental activist. This meeting opened his eyes to the harm our food system does to the planet. He decided to challenge the norm. At Silo, the menu is designed by first considering what others throw away. For example, leftover bread is soaked and fermented into a dark paste (糊状物), which is then used to make a unique ice cream sandwich. This creative thinking turns potential trash into delicious dishes. Although some early customers felt the dining experience focused too much on the “lesson” of sustainability, McMaster remains passionate. He believes Silo’s true impact lies in inspiring the wider restaurant industry and beyond. The restaurant itself is built with tables made from recycled plastic and lights from old bottles, showing that beauty and sustainability can mix. While it’s hard for home cooks to copy everything Silo does, McMaster also runs an online school to share simpler tips. Silo is more than a restaurant; it is a model for a greener future. 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing shocking statistics. B．By giving specific examples. C．By describing a quiet revolution. D．By comparing different restaurants. 2．What is the function of the “colorful cube”? A．It shows the failure of imagination. B．It measures their daily waste amount. C．It symbolizes their anti-waste effort. D．It showcases types of recyclable materials. 3．What can be inferred about the menu at Silo? A．It focuses on expensive ingredients. B．It transforms leftovers into new dishes. C．It changes based on customer feedback. D．It reflects an activist’s creative principles. 4．What is Silo’s real influence according to McMaster? A．Proving the mix of beauty and sustainability. B．Running an online school to offer cooking tips. C．Changing early customers’ negative feelings. D．Serving as a role model for the food industry and more. 七、七选五 （25-26高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）Renewable energy sources are abundant, regenerated by nature, and emit little to no greenhouse gases. Yet fossil fuels still account for nearly 60% of electricity generation. 1 Between 2015 and 2024, renewable electricity capacity jumped by 140%, while fossil fuel capacity grew only 16%. So why is there still an urgent need to accelerate the renewable energy transition? Renewables are all around us. About 80% of the global population lives in countries that are net-importers of fossil fuels. 2 The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that 90 percent of the world’s electricity can and should come from renewable energy by 2050. Renewable energy creates jobs. 3 For every dollar invested, renewables create three times as many jobs as fossil fuels. The IEA estimates that the transition towards net-zero emissions will lead to an overall increase in energy sector jobs: while about 5 million jobs in fossil fuel production could be lost by 2030, an estimated 14 million new jobs would be created in clean energy. 4 In 2024, $2 trillion (万亿) went into clean energy — $800 billion more than fossil fuels and up almost 70 per cent in ten years. Furthermore, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are growing more slowly than the global economy. 5 However, investments in renewables will finally pay off. A．Renewable energy makes economic sense. B．The good news is that cleaner sources are gaining ground. C．Clean energy sector jobs already outnumber fossil fuel jobs. D．In contrast, renewable energy sources are available in all countries. E．The initial cost can be overwhelming for countries with limited resources. F．This means that more than 30 million jobs could be created in clean energy. G．Emissions growth slowed while the global economy expanded by 3 percent. （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 2．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 3．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 4．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 3 The Road to Destruction 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 破坏，毁坏 ________________ 2. 卡住的，无法移动的 ________________ 3. 愤怒；怒气 ________________ 4. 十年，十年期 ________________ 5. 气体 ________________ 6. 癌症 ________________ 7. 相联系，有关联 ________________ 8. 定期的，有规律的 ________________ 9. 适合 ________________ 10. 烦恼的，生气的 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. People are worried about the environmental ________ (破坏) caused by waste gas. 2. My car got ________ (卡住的) in heavy traffic on my way to work this morning. 3. He could not hide his ________ (愤怒) when he saw the polluted river. 4. Great changes have taken place in this city over the past ________ (十年). 5. This kind of chemical ________ (气体) is harmful to our health. 6. The new green policy ________ (适合) the development of the local community. 三、单句语法填空 1. The traffic jam ________ made many drivers annoyed lasted for more than two hours. 2. The report talks about air pollution, ________ is closely related to our daily life. 3. Too much stress may cause ________ (annoy) and other bad feelings. 4. The doctor advised him to take ________ (regularly) exercise to keep healthy. 5. The local people felt ________ (stress) when the factory gave off harmful gas. 6. The ________ (relate) between air pollution and cancer has drawn wide‑spread attention. 参考答案 一、1.destruction 2.stuck 3.anger 4.decade 5.gas 6.cancer 7.relate 8.regular 9.suit 10.annoyed 二、1.destruction 2.stuck 3.anger 4.decade 5.gas 6.suits 三、1.which / that 2.which 3.annoyance 4.regular 5.stressed 6.relationship 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 空气污染与我们日常生活的许多方面有关系。 Air pollution ________________________ many parts of our daily life. 2. 那场持续了三个小时的交通堵塞让很多乘客感到恼火。 The traffic jam ________________________ made many passengers annoyed. 3. 我们应该养成定期锻炼身体的好习惯。 We should ________________________ doing physical exercise regularly. 4. 专家们正在研究一种能够减少有害气体排放的新方法。 Experts are studying a new way ________________________ harmful gas. 5. 在过去的十年里，这座城市的环境发生了巨大的变化。 Great environmental changes have taken place in this city ________________________. 四、1.is related to 2.which lasted three hours 3.form the good habit of 4.that can cut down 5.over the past decade. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up, you are 1 (probable) suffering from what is known as “Just-me-ism”. You might think it is no big deal. “How can it matter if I leave a little piece of litter on the road?” But what if 2 (million) of people think the same? Then our world would be piled with litter 3 run short of natural resources at the same time. See? Just-me-ism” is 4 (harm)! To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 5 (establish) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist 6 is the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees. In addition 7 her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people so they can help to build 8 secure future and live together in peace with nature. Dr. Jane Goodall is convinced that every individual matters. Every individual has a role 9 (play). Every individual makes a difference.” So her institute Roots & Shoots is all about 10 (encourage) people to do their part in making the world a better place. And you cannot be absent. 【答案】 1．probably 2．millions 3．and 4．harmful 5．was established 6．who/that 7．to 8．a 9．to play 10．encouraging 【导语】文章主要讲述了“唯我主义”的危害，并介绍了珍·古道尔创立的“根与芽”组织旨在激励年轻人参与环保。 1．考查副词。句意：如果你刷牙时水龙头一直开着、出门不关灯、乱扔垃圾懒得捡起，你很可能患上了所谓的“唯我主义”。本空修饰谓语动词suffering，用副词probably，作状语。 2．考查固定搭配。句意：但如果数百万人都这么想会怎么样？固定搭配millions of表示“数百万的”。 3．考查连词。句意：那么我们的世界会堆满垃圾，同时自然资源也会短缺。be piled with litter与run short of natural resources是并列的两种糟糕结果，用并列连词and连接。 4．考查形容词。句意：“唯我主义”是有害的。本空在系动词is后作表语，需用形容词 harmful“有害的”。 5．考查动词时态语态。句意：为激励年轻人为环境、动物和所在社区采取行动，“根与芽”项目于20世纪90年代初由世界顶尖野生黑猩猩研究专家简·古道尔博士创立。主语Roots & Shoots和establish是被动关系；且根据in the early 1990s可知，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用was established。 6．考查定语从句。句意：为激励年轻人为环境、动物和所在社区采取行动，“根与芽”项目于20世纪90年代初由世界顶尖野生黑猩猩研究专家简·古道尔博士创立。本空引导定语从句，先行词a scientist指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that引导。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：除了研究工作之外，她全心投身于环境保护事业。固定搭配in addition to，意为“除……之外”，to是介词。 8．考查冠词。句意：根与芽的全部宗旨是教育青年，助力打造一个安稳未来，与自然和平共处。此处表泛指“一个安稳的未来”，secure以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：每个人都能发挥作用。have a role to play是固定搭配，意为“发挥作用”，这里用动词不定式作后置定语。 10．考查动名词。句意：因此她的“根与芽”机构致力于鼓励人们各尽其责，让世界变得更美好。本空作介词about的宾语，用动名词encouraging。 六、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·贵州·阶段检测）Every year, approximately 25–30% of all food produced worldwide — some 1.6 billion tons — is wasted. This amounts to one billion meals a day, according to the UN. In a world where about one-third of all food produced is wasted, a quiet revolution is beginning in restaurant kitchens. Opened in 2014, Silo stands as the world’s first zero-waste restaurant. Its goal is simple yet ambitious: to remove the need for a trash can. The chef, Doug McMaster, believes that “waste is a failure of the imagination.” At Silo, nothing is wasted. Food that isn’t served is fermented (发酵) or composted (堆肥). All packaging materials are either recycled or returned to suppliers. The only physical trash they have is a small, colorful cube of pressed plastic, which McMaster calls a piece of “art.” This cube acts as a symbol of their huge effort to avoid waste. McMaster’s journey began when he met an environmental activist. This meeting opened his eyes to the harm our food system does to the planet. He decided to challenge the norm. At Silo, the menu is designed by first considering what others throw away. For example, leftover bread is soaked and fermented into a dark paste (糊状物), which is then used to make a unique ice cream sandwich. This creative thinking turns potential trash into delicious dishes. Although some early customers felt the dining experience focused too much on the “lesson” of sustainability, McMaster remains passionate. He believes Silo’s true impact lies in inspiring the wider restaurant industry and beyond. The restaurant itself is built with tables made from recycled plastic and lights from old bottles, showing that beauty and sustainability can mix. While it’s hard for home cooks to copy everything Silo does, McMaster also runs an online school to share simpler tips. Silo is more than a restaurant; it is a model for a greener future. 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing shocking statistics. B．By giving specific examples. C．By describing a quiet revolution. D．By comparing different restaurants. 2．What is the function of the “colorful cube”? A．It shows the failure of imagination. B．It measures their daily waste amount. C．It symbolizes their anti-waste effort. D．It showcases types of recyclable materials. 3．What can be inferred about the menu at Silo? A．It focuses on expensive ingredients. B．It transforms leftovers into new dishes. C．It changes based on customer feedback. D．It reflects an activist’s creative principles. 4．What is Silo’s real influence according to McMaster? A．Proving the mix of beauty and sustainability. B．Running an online school to offer cooking tips. C．Changing early customers’ negative feelings. D．Serving as a role model for the food industry and more. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界首家零浪费餐厅Silo通过创新方式消除食物浪费，将厨余转化为美食，并致力于启发整个餐饮行业走向绿色可持续未来。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year, approximately 25–30% of all food produced worldwide — some 1.6 billion tons — is wasted. This amounts to one billion meals a day, according to the UN. (每年，全球生产的所有食品中大约有25%到30%被浪费，约16亿吨。根据联合国的数据，这相当于每天浪费10亿份餐食)”可知，作者通过提供令人震惊的统计数据来呈现问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The only physical trash they have is a small, colorful cube of pressed plastic, which McMaster calls a piece of “art.” This cube acts as a symbol of their huge effort to avoid waste.(他们唯一产生的实体垃圾是一个由压缩塑料制成的小而色彩鲜艳的立方体，McMaster称之为一件“艺术品”。这个立方体是他们为避免浪费所做巨大努力的象征)”可知，这个彩色立方体的功能是象征他们反浪费的努力。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“At Silo, the menu is designed by first considering what others throw away. For example, leftover bread is soaked and fermented into a dark paste (糊状物), which is then used to make a unique ice cream sandwich. This creative thinking turns potential trash into delicious dishes. (在Silo，菜单的设计首先考虑的是别人扔掉的东西。例如，剩下的面包被浸泡并发酵成一种黑色的糊状物，然后用来制作一种独特的冰淇淋三明治。这种创造性的思维将潜在的垃圾变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，Silo的菜单将剩余食物转化为新菜肴。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He believes Silo’s true impact lies in inspiring the wider restaurant industry and beyond. (他相信Silo真正的影响力在于启发更广泛的餐饮行业乃至更多领域)”可知，McMaster认为Silo的真正影响是成为食品行业及更多领域的榜样。 七、七选五 （25-26高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）Renewable energy sources are abundant, regenerated by nature, and emit little to no greenhouse gases. Yet fossil fuels still account for nearly 60% of electricity generation. 1 Between 2015 and 2024, renewable electricity capacity jumped by 140%, while fossil fuel capacity grew only 16%. So why is there still an urgent need to accelerate the renewable energy transition? Renewables are all around us. About 80% of the global population lives in countries that are net-importers of fossil fuels. 2 The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that 90 percent of the world’s electricity can and should come from renewable energy by 2050. Renewable energy creates jobs. 3 For every dollar invested, renewables create three times as many jobs as fossil fuels. The IEA estimates that the transition towards net-zero emissions will lead to an overall increase in energy sector jobs: while about 5 million jobs in fossil fuel production could be lost by 2030, an estimated 14 million new jobs would be created in clean energy. 4 In 2024, $2 trillion (万亿) went into clean energy — $800 billion more than fossil fuels and up almost 70 per cent in ten years. Furthermore, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are growing more slowly than the global economy. 5 However, investments in renewables will finally pay off. A．Renewable energy makes economic sense. B．The good news is that cleaner sources are gaining ground. C．Clean energy sector jobs already outnumber fossil fuel jobs. D．In contrast, renewable energy sources are available in all countries. E．The initial cost can be overwhelming for countries with limited resources. F．This means that more than 30 million jobs could be created in clean energy. G．Emissions growth slowed while the global economy expanded by 3 percent. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】文章介绍了发展可再生能源的多重价值，并指出当前清洁能源的发展已取得进展，但转型仍需加速，初期成本是部分国家的阻碍，但长期投资终将获得回报。 1．上文“Renewable energy sources are abundant, regenerated by nature, and emit little to no greenhouse gases. Yet fossil fuels still account for nearly 60% of electricity generation. (可再生能源资源丰富，由自然再生，且几乎不排放或极少排放温室气体。然而，化石燃料仍占电力生产总量的近60%。)”提出化石能源占比高的现状，下文“Between 2015 and 2024, renewable electricity capacity jumped by 140%, while fossil fuel capacity grew only 16%. (2015年至2024年间，可再生电力装机容量增长了140%，而化石燃料发电装机容量仅增长了16%。)”用数据说明可再生能源的快速增长，空处需承上启下，引出清洁能源发展的积极趋势。因此B项“The good news is that cleaner sources are gaining ground. (好消息是，清洁能源正逐步占据上风。)”符合语境，既承接上文的转折逻辑，又引出下文的增长数据。 2．上文“About 80% of the global population lives in countries that are net-importers of fossil fuels. (全球约80%的人口居住在化石燃料净进口国。)”说明化石能源分布不均、依赖进口的局限，下文“The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that 90 percent of the world’s electricity can and should come from renewable energy by 2050. (国际可再生能源机构(IRENA)估计，到2050年，全球90%的电力可以且应当来自可再生能源。)”展望可再生能源的发展前景，空处需对比二者的分布差异。因此D项“In contrast, renewable energy sources are available in all countries. (相比之下，可再生能源在所有国家都可获取。)”符合语境，承接上文化石能源的分布劣势，点明可再生能源的普适性，为下文的发展前景做铺垫。 3．本段主旨句是“Renewable energy creates jobs. (可再生能源创造就业机会。)”，下文“For every dollar invested, renewables create three times as many jobs as fossil fuels. (每投资一美元，可再生能源创造的就业岗位是化石燃料的三倍。)”用投入产出数据佐证可再生能源的优势，空处需衔接主题与数据，说明就业岗位的现状。因此C项“Clean energy sector jobs already outnumber fossil fuel jobs. (清洁能源领域的岗位数量已超过化石燃料领域。)”符合语境，承接创造就业的主题，下文的效率数据为其提供支撑。 4．下文“In 2024, $2 trillion (万亿) went into clean energy — $800 billion more than fossil fuels and up almost 4 per cent in ten years. Furthermore, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are growing more slowly than the global economy. (2024年，全球投入清洁能源的资金达到2万亿美元，比化石燃料多出8000亿美元，十年间增长近4%。此外，与能源相关的二氧化碳排放增长速度也低于全球经济增速。)”和下文“However, investments in renewables will finally pay off. (然而，对可再生能源的投资终将获得回报。)”主要围绕可再生能源的投资与经济价值展开，空处为段首主旨句，需概括本段核心。因此A项“Renewable energy makes economic sense. (可再生能源具备经济价值。)”符合语境，能够总领全段，契合下文投资规模与长期回报的内容。 5．下文“However, investments in renewables will finally pay off. (然而，对可再生能源的投资终将获得回报。)”含转折，肯定可再生能源具有长期回报，空处应提及发展可再生能源的挑战与难题。因此E项“The initial cost can be overwhelming for countries with limited resources. (对于资源有限的国家而言，初期成本可能高得难以承担。)”符合语境，点明了可再生能源发展的初期成本障碍，与下文投资终将回报形成转折关系。 （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 1．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 2．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 3．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 4．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $