第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇（江苏专用）-2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第二册（译林版）

**基本信息** 15篇说明文阅读理解，涵盖科技、环境、心理等主题，素材时代性强，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|15篇×4题=60题|动物科学（如德国农场家畜认知研究）、环境健康（如微塑料污染）、社会文化（如国潮兴起）等|问题设计层次分明，含细节理解（如Passage 1第1题）与推理判断（如Passage 3第3题），适配高中英语月考能力考查|

第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 篇目 核心主题 / 文章主线 话题分类 Passage 1 德国研究所开展农场家畜认知与情感研究，推翻牲畜智力低下的固有观念 动物科学动物心智研究 Passage 2 科研发现人类大脑微塑料含量逐年上升，探讨微塑料对人体的潜在健康威胁 环境与健康塑料污染危害 Passage 3 阐释成长型思维的内涵、对青少年发展的益处，对比固定型思维，给出思维转换方法 心理科普思维模式成长教育 Passage 4 对比传统媒体与数字媒体的传播特点、异同，展望未来媒体行业发展走向 社会文化媒体变革 Passage 5 美国中学骑行课程对照实验，探究体育运动骑行对于青少年心理健康的积极作用 健康科普运动与心理健康 Passage 6 经合组织测试显示富裕国家成年人读写计算能力下滑，分析成因并提出儿童、成人教育改进对策 社会教育成人能力与教育改革 Passage 7 人脑对时间的主观感知受图像记忆度、场景等视觉因素影响，揭秘大脑处理信息时的时间感知机制 科普研究人脑认知规律 Passage 8 一座采用 3D打印黏土砖建造的花园斩获切尔西花展首个绿色奖章，介绍其可持续环保设计理念 生态环保绿色建筑设计 Passage 9 英国最新调查显示越来越多男性选择收养成年猫咪，宠物陪伴有益于人们的心理健康 社会生活人与宠物 Passage 10 垂直农业智能动态照明系统研究，在不影响作物产量的前提下降低室内种植的用电成本 科技农业现代农业技术 Passage 11 解读 “国潮” 兴起现象，剖析国潮流行背后的经济、文化自信动因以及未来发展前景 社会文化国潮文化 Passage 12 考古研究发现史前人类可能利用摇曳火光，让石刻动物图案产生动态视觉效果 历史考古远古艺术研究 Passage 13 心理学实验证明，即便短暂接触快餐标识也会潜意识催使人变得急躁、偏好即时收益 社会心理消费行为研究 Passage 14 美国科研团队研发出超薄柔性脑内微型摄像设备，介绍其技术优势与医学应用前景 前沿科技医疗新设备 Passage 15 大脑导航功能新研究，推翻旧结论，证实 5 岁儿童已经具备在广阔空间辨别方位的导航能力 生命科学儿童大脑发育 Passage 1 You’d never mistake a goat for a dog, but on an unreasonably warm afternoon, I almost do. I’m on a farm in northern Germany, trying to keep my head due to work stress. Sixty Nigeria goats are taking turns crashing their horns (角) against wooden fences. Then, during the chaos, something remarkable happens. One of the animals raises her head and stares thoughtfully at me, her widely spaced eyes and odd pupils seeking to make contact — and perhaps even connection. It’s a look we see in other humans, in our pets and in our primate (灵长类) relatives, but not in animals raised for food. Or maybe we just haven’t been looking hard enough. That’s a cool idea here at Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), one of the world’s leading centers for exploring the minds of goats, pigs and other livestock (牲畜). Scientists here are exploring the mental and emotional lives of animals we’ve lived with for thousands of years, yet, from a cognitive (认知的) perspective, know almost nothing about. The work is part of an effort to overturn the idea that livestock are dumb and unworthy of scientific attention. Over the past decade, researchers at FBN and elsewhere have shown that pigs show signs of empathy and that goats match dogs in some tests of social intelligence. What shocks some experts is that cows can be potty (便盆) trained, suggesting a self-awareness behind their blank stares and chewing. “There’s a lot to be learned by studying the mental lives of these creatures,” says Christopher, a Johns Hopkins university psychologist. Disregarding livestock, he says, has been a “missed opportunity” by the scientific community. The field faces challenges, however. Farm animals can be huge, many are hard to train, and traditional funders and standard journals have generally rejected such studies. But as scientists push past these obstacles, they are getting insights not only into minds of livestock, but into the evolution of our own cognition. What they learn could even change the way we house and treat these creatures. 1．Why does the author mention Nigerian goats? A．To conserve wild life. B．To conduct researches. C．To relieve work stress. D．To introduce livestock studies. 2．Which of the following has been confirmed by scientists? A．Nigerian goats are mild animals. B．Pigs can relate to others in some cases. C．Goats beat dogs in some intelligence tests. D．Self-awareness exists behind the goats’ blank stares. 3．What is responsible for the ignored livestock studies? A．Farm animals are stupid. B．These studies lack practical values. C．These studies lack financial support. D．Farm animals are unworthy of scientific research. 4．What is Christopher’s attitude towards farm animal studies? A．Dismissive B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Cautious. Passage 2 A new study has found that human brains are accumulating microplastics at an increasing rate. Researchers analyzed 91 brain tissue samples and made a striking discovery: surprisingly high concentrations of tiny plastic bits are present in these brain samples. What’s more, recent samples contained more microplastics than older ones, roughly an increase of 50%. While earlier studies had already detected super-small plastic bits in parts of the human body like the lungs and liver, the levels found in the brain are notably higher than those in other organs. Previous research has already linked higher levels of microplastics in the blood to increased risks of heart attacks, strokes, and even death. Additionally, a second study, set to be published soon, offers hints that plastic pollution may harm brain function: people living in coastal areas where seawater has extremely high levels of tiny plastic bits are more likely to face cognitive issues and struggle with daily tasks. Measuring micro-and nano-plastic particles (MNPs) in the brain tissue is tough, so multiple technical methods have been used. Data shows a sharp rise in microplastic levels: 3,345 micrograms of plastic per gram of brain tissue in 2016 and 4,917 micrograms in 2024. Despite these findings, the study has limitations. For one, the team found no connection between MNP levels and the age at which the donors died, but the sample size was relatively small, which may have affected this result. Interpreting the measurement results also posed challenges, and there’s a constant risk that tiny plastic bits in the air could have compromised the samples during testing. Furthermore, the study did not track microplastic levels over time in living people, so it cannot explain how an individual’s microplastic exposure might change as they age. Perhaps the biggest unanswered question is whether these brain microplastics are harmful. “Simply put, we do not know the health implications of microplastics in the brain,” West, a coauthor of the study, said. However, he stressed that waiting to fully understand the risks before taking action to address plastic pollution would be a mistake. 1．How does the author introduce the finding in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．Why does the author mention the “second study” in paragraph 3? A．To explain the causes of plastic pollution. B．To show the consequences of microplastics. C．To state the difficulty treating microplastics. D．To illustrate the struggles of coastal residents. 3．What makes the measurement of MNPs in brain tissue challenging? A．The small size of the tissue samples. B．The lack of basic measurement tools. C．The need for multiple technical methods. D．The high concentration of MNPs in samples. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Brain microplastics are harmful. B．Health risks are obvious. C．Plastic pollution needs no treatment. D．Immediate action is necessary. Passage 3 A growth mindset is the belief that you can improve your abilities over time and effort. With a growth mindset, you feel motivated enough to learn anything you want. It helps you embrace challenges and persist (坚持) in the face of difficulties. Many legendary figures, such as Oprah Winfrey and Michael Jordan, developed a growth mindset and overcame many hurdles to reach their current positions. When you are a teenager, you are curious about everything happening around you. A growth mindset further strengthens that curiosity and makes you believe that you can learn a hard skill or acquire plenty of new information with hard work. Even when you are met with difficulties, you perceive them as learning opportunities for self-improvement. It helps increase your emotional intelligence and neuroplasticity (神经可塑性). If you look around, you will see many teenagers as growth mindset examples. Imagine a student named Sarah. Initially, she struggled with math, but she didn’t give up. She sought help from the teacher and her partners to improve herself. She kept practicing and thought to herself that she could get good at math. Her mindset and attitude helped her perform well on the math exam. This is a perfect example of how a growth mindset can lead to success. Do you feel that you have already learned everything in life? Then we have bad news for you. You may have a fixed mindset. It’s the polar opposite of a growth mindset and takes you further away from personal development. If you realize that you have a fixed mindset, don’t worry. You can shift your mindset. Start by reframing (重构) your thoughts. Instead of saying, “I can’t do it”, say “I can’t do it yet”. Surround yourself with positive-minded people who can influence you. Also, seek new opportunities and step out of your comfort zone. Seek feedback to identify your weaknesses, and gradually work on improving them. Soon, you will realize why a growth mindset is important and how it helps achieve your goals. 1．What idea does the author introduce in paragraph 1? A．A growth mindset helps people advance. B．People with a growth mindset never give up. C．Effort makes little difference to one’s abilities. D．Legendary figures are born with special talents. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Emotional intelligence matters a lot to teens. B．Difficulties are necessary for learning new skills. C．Teenagers are naturally curious about new things. D．A growth mindset enhances curiosity and self-improvement. 3．What can be inferred about a fixed mindset from the text? A．It forbids people achieving their goals. B．It prevents people realizing their potential C．It helps people achieve personal development. D．It encourages people to seek new chances 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of a Growth Mindset B．The Application of a Growth Mindset C．The Secrets to Success: Effort and Talent D．The Key to Self-Improvement: Being Curious Passage 4 In the past few decades, the way people access information has undergone a dramatic transformation, shifting from traditional media to digital platforms. Traditional media, which includes newspapers, television, and radio, has long been the basis of public communication. These forms of media are characterized by their one-way communication model, where information is delivered to a passive audience without immediate interaction. In contrast, digital media — including social media, blogs, and online news websites — operates on a dynamic, interactive framework that allows users to engage, comment, and share content in real time. Despite their differences, both traditional and digital media share the fundamental goal of spreading information to the public. Each serves as a tool for education, entertainment, and monitoring of the environment. Moreover, both forms are influenced by economic factors—relying on advertising income and audience engagement — and must stick to ethical standards, although the carrying out of these standards varies significantly between the two. However, the differences between these media forms are obvious. Traditional media typically offers slower, more selected content produced by professionals, often ensuring higher accuracy but lacking immediacy. Digital media, on the other hand, provides instant updates and a variety of perspectives at the cost of occasional unreliability. One critical distinction lies in accessibility: traditional media is often limited by geographic and temporal restrictions, while digital media is globally accessible anytime, promoting a more interconnected world. Additionally, digital platforms allow users to become content creators themselves, making it difficult to see the line between producers and consumers. Looking ahead, the future undoubtedly belongs to digital media. With the rapid advancement of technology and increasing internet penetration (渗透) worldwide, digital platforms are becoming the primary source of information for younger generations. Although traditional media will not disappear entirely, its role will likely reduce to that of a supplementary source, valued for its depth and credibility. As artificial intelligence and big data continue to evolve, digital media will further personalize user experiences and dominate the landscape of communication. Ultimately, this shift indicates not just a change in how we consume information, but a transformation in how we connect with the world around us. 1．What is a key characteristic of digital media according to the passage? A．It allows real-time interaction and engagement. B．It relies only on professional content producers. C．It is limited by geographic and temporal restrictions. D．It delivers information through a one-way communication model. 2．What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A．To predict the future development of digital media. B．To discuss the economic models of both media types. C．To emphasize the differences between the two media forms. D．To highlight the shared goals and characteristics of both media. 3．What can be inferred about traditional media from the passage? A．It will completely disappear within the next decade. B．It will maintain its dominant position in information dissemination. C．It may continue to exist but in a more specialized role. D．It will merge completely with digital media and lose its identity. 4．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Economic Challenges of Traditional Media B．The Media Revolution: From Traditional to Digital C．The Disadvantages of Digital Platforms D．How to Become a Content Creator Passage 5 Teaching middle schoolers bike riding skills as part of physical education classes may help improve their mental health, according to a new study that looked at the effects of a 6-to-8-week cycling class taught in schools across the U.S. The mental health benefits of exercise are well-documented. And anyone who’s lived through middle school knows those years can be particularly challenging. The new study comes at a time when research shows that youths across the U.S. are struggling with mental health. “They’re starting to experience all sorts of social pressures, anxiety, stress from school, stress from home,” says Sean Wilson, the study’s senior author. The study included over 1,200 students, aged 11 to 14, from middle schools across the U.S. They took part in a cycling class at least three times a week for at least 6 weeks. They learned cycling safety and riding skills outdoors while raising their heart rate and just having fun. The students completed standardized screening questionnaires (调查问卷) before and after the program designed to measure their well-being. Dr. Allan Reiss from Stanford University School of Medicine says that while many types of exercise are good for the brain, cycling has some special advantages. “Cycling uses many different parts of the brain as you need to see, hear, and stay balanced,” Reiss explains. “You also have to pay attention to where you’re going and make turns.” Of course, while exercise has powerful mental health benefits, it’s not a panacea (灵丹妙药). The current study found that, while middle school girls reported increased well-being after joining the cycling program, that increase “may just reach the usual level for boys,” says Esther Walker, the senior research program manager. And other parts of healthy living are also important, notes Walker. The study found that teenagers who spent more than two hours a day on screens, or who got less than the recommended 8.5 hours of sleep, saw less improvement in their well-being, she says. 1．What is the main reason for the new study? A．The mental problems of American youths. B．The competition between American schools. C．The idea that exercise helps mental health. D．Previous research that caused disagreement. 2．How did the researchers come to their conclusion? A．By teaching cycling skills. B．By attending a cycling class. C．By comparing questionnaires. D．By checking the subjects’ heart rates. 3．According to Dr. Allan Reiss, what makes cycling better than other physical activities? A．It improves social skills. B．It activates many brain functions. C．It is common and easy to learn. D．It is more effective at reducing stress. 4．What can we infer from Esther Walker’s words? A．Exercise is more important for girls. B．Schools should focus on cycling in PE classes. C．Girls should choose other exercises other than cycling. D．Good living habits are also important for well-being. Passage 6 Does it often feel as if the world is getting stupider? Data released on December 10th by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, suggest this may not be all in your head. Roughly every ten years the organization asks adults in dozens of places to sit tests in abilities to calculate, read and write. The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a primary-school child. In maths, average scores have risen in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many. In reading and writing, a lot more countries have seen scores decline than advance, despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational qualifications than ever before. Some guess that video games and social media are reducing sharpness. It is just as likely that education and training systems have failed. Yet a century of extreme technological change has not cut demand for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words. Adults who do badly in the OECD’s tests earn vastly less than those who are expert in them. They are also in poorer health and less satisfied with their life. Improving lessons for children is the surest way of creating more capable grown-ups. England’s adults have topped the OECD’s league table, mostly because the youngest ones (aged 16-24) are scoring better than before. That may reflect reforms which have made exams for older teenagers more difficult, and begun requiring youngsters who fail them to try again. The second task is to oil creaking (嘎吱作响的) systems for educating adults. These hand dropouts second chances; they also serve people who change careers and help migrants integrate. Yet people with the weakest skills tend to have the least time and money for self-improvement. They are less likely to attend adult classes, or get training, even though they are the most in need. 1．Which of the following best describes the result of the test? A．Encouraging. B．Debatable. C．Disappointing. D．Predictable. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The development of technology. B．The necessity of advanced education. C．The living conditions of modern adults. D．The importance of calculating and reading skills. 3．What is indicated by the example of England’s adults in paragraph 5? A．The older adults perform better in the test. B．England’s education to teenagers is ineffective. C．Children have to participate in different exams. D．Stricter academic requirements to teenagers count. 4．What can we learn about the weakest-skilled adults? A．They seek chances to get improved. B．They are in need of more job offers. C．They lack training to upgrade themselves. D．They are content with the current situation. Passage 7 A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time. New research shows more memorable images seem to last longer. Martin Wiener, head of the research, says the finding helps reveal how the brain’s timebending strategy allows it to process and remember more information. While what is actually happening in the brain when time seems to expand remains unclear, scientists suspect it may have something to do with helping the brain process more information in limited time. This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources. Recent research has shown some images are more naturally memorable than others. To understand how this memorability of an image, along with a few simpler visual features such as scene size and disorder, might relate to our subjective sense of time, Wiener and his colleagues conducted related experiments, in which subjects were shown images with varying duration and were asked to categorize whether the length of time on the screen was either “short” or “long”. The next day they were given a surprise memory test to see which images they recalled seeing. The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contact it. Besides, the subjects perceived that more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time. To find the underlying factor, the team fed the same memorability ranked images to a neural network modeled after the brain’s visual system and found more memorable images were processed faster. The explanation for why our brain’s faster processing would slow time is that it’s increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information, thus dilating time. 1．What does the saying “A watched pot never boils” describe? A．The unnoticed passage of time. B．The feeling that time slows down. C．The hardship of preparing food. D．The perception that time awaits no one. 2．How does the brain’s visual system handle information? A．By setting priorities. B．By comparing similar scenes. C．By sorting randomly. D．By screening out complex images. 3．Which of the images seems to last longest if known on the screen for equal duration based on the study? A．The most colorful one. B．The most memorable one. C．The most disordered one. D．The largest one. 4．What does the underlined word “dilating” in the last paragraph mean? A．Using up. B．Cutting down. C．Stretching out. D．Clearing away. Passage 8 A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D-printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design. The Chelsea Flower Show, a celebrated global event held annually at Chelsea, London, has been a cornerstone of the gardening calendar since 1913. It began as a way to showcase the latest trends in gardening and plant varieties. The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens. Giulio Giorgi, a first-time Chelsea designer, stated he created the green-medal-winning garden with no concrete. Most gardens contain concrete in some form and the materials they are built from often generate the highest carbon footprint. While the employment of pollinator-friendly plants, wild areas and sensible use of water are well-known easy ways to make a garden more sustainable, Giorgi said it was crucial to focus on the building materials as their carbon footprint was often overlooked. “We typically use a lot of metal, glue, cement and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens. The material in our garden is low-temperature-fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D-printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any. The bricks, peppered with tiny holes, can absorb water and release it when drought strikes plants,” said Giorgi. Judges considered end-of-life plans for the gardens and whether materials could be reused. The 3D-printed nature of Giorgi’s garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again. As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted. 1．What do we know about the Chelsea Flower Show? A．It values sustainability as well as appeal. B．Its initial aim was to encourage outdoor fitness. C．It requires competing gardens to be concrete-free. D．It has a longstanding tradition of promoting clean energy. 2．What advantage does clay have over other building materials according to Giorgi? A．It catches fire less easily. B．It has a longer lifespan. C．It takes less labor to produce. D．It’s eco-friendly and more available. 3．What will become of Giorgi’s garden after the show? A．It’ll be sold publicly. B．It’ll serve as an urban landmark. C．It’ll be turned into a school. D．It’ll come into play in another spot. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Clay Bricks: Recyclable Building Material B．Chelsea Flower Show: Celebration of Gardening C．Garden with Clay Bricks: Winner of Green Medal D．Giulio Giorgi: Designer Enthusiastic about High-Tech Passage 9 A recent survey has shown that more men are adopting cats than women in recent years. People used to think cats are preferred by women, and dogs are the trusty friends of men. However, a new research from UK Pet Food uncovered an obvious gender (性别) difference in pet adoption numbers—with more men choosing to adopt adult cats than women. Over the past four years, 1.5 million new male households have been benefiting from the company of an adult cat, compared to around 1 million female households. The research findings highlight the function of the bond that can exist between a man and his furry friend. Although you may be fond of kittens with their playful and innocent nature, there’s a convincing reason to adopt an adult cat, especially for men seeking a loyal and entertaining companion. Unlike the troublesome process of raising a kitten, adult cats come with their personalities fully formed. This means that from day one, you can enjoy the companionship of a furry friend that has already settled into their characters and behaviors. For men with busy schedules or limited time for pet training, an adult cat provides instant companionship without the demanding needs of a young kitten. They’re already litter-trained and accustomed to basic grooming routines, making them an ideal choice for busy men. Michael Bellingham, Chief Executive of UK Pet Food said: “I was interested to see that more men are adopting older cats. Our research this year highlights the profound impact of pets—from fighting with loneliness to having a positive effect on our mental health. We were surprised to see that one fifth of the people with mental illness we interviewed want pets to be included in prescriptions, which can help treat their problems.” So, for men considering bringing a furry companion into their life, adopting an adult cat might just be the perfect choice. 1．What’s the reason for men to choose adult cats? A．They have the potential to care for their owners. B．They are innocent and loyal to the caring adults. C．They have fully developed personalities. D．They are a cure for rare diseases. 2．What can we know about the new research in paragraph 2? A．Compared to women, men prefer to adopt adult cats. B．Dogs are man’s most loyal friends of all time. C．Women are fond of being surrounded by lovely cats. D．Millions of households gain benefits from protecting pets. 3．What can be inferred from Michael Bellingham’s words? A．Adult cats are the best option of pets for UK families. B．Adult cats demand less company from their busy owners. C．Pets have a good impact on people’s mental health. D．Cats are a priceless drug for physical problems in UK. 4．Which of the following phrases can replace “prescription” in paragraph 5? A．Job interviews. B．Text books. C．Personal preference. D．Medical guidance. Passage 10 Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effective. B．Efficient. C．Challenging. D．Consuming. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They react similarly to varying light patterns. D．They output more under dynamic lighting. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．The new program helps save on electricity bills. B．There are still some limitations in the research. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. Passage 11 The concept of “China chic”, or guochao, has become popular in recent years. According to relevant data, the search volume for the keyword “Guochao” increased by 392.66% year-on-year from January to July 2022. The Baidu 2021 Guochao Pride Search Big Data Report revealed that interest in guochao has skyrocketed over the past 10 years. Domestic products are now in fashion, and domestic consumption has increasingly become an important choice for the new generation of consumers. China chic integrates unique cultural elements with the latest trends across various industries. It not only meets younger consumers’ desire for personality and fashion but also helps revive traditional culture. The rise of China chic is a result of China’s rapid economic development and is driven by certain cultural motivations. Additionally, the continuous improvement of Chinese people’s consumption power is an important factor behind the rise of China chic. Most importantly, cultural confidence is the driving force behind the rise of China chic. Five thousand years of Chinese civilization have left behind a rich cultural heritage. In many ways, guochao is the perfect representative of the new wave of Chinese cultural pride. Originating in the fashion industry, this trend reflects Chinese consumers’ renewed interest in their cultural heritage. The guochao trend is strongest among young adults who have grown up in an increasingly powerful China and thus possess a strong sense of national pride. China’s national strength is growing, and its soft power is also on the rise. Even so, we still have a long way to go in promoting China chic. But as it has become a part of people’s lives, there is no doubt that even more diverse China chic products will emerge in the future to showcase Chinese charm. 1．What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in the first paragraph mean? A．Risen sharply. B．Dropped obviously. C．Remained stable. D．Changed slightly. 2．Which best describes “China chic”? A．It aims mainly to promote Chinese exports. B．It mixes traditional culture with current trends. C．It attracts mostly middle-aged and older consumers. D．It draws major inspiration from Western fashion styles. 3．What is identified as the primary driver behind the rise of China chic? A．The expansion of China’s economy. B．The growth in people’s purchasing power. C．A renewed sense of cultural identity. D．The influence of social media on the youth. 4．What does the author imply about the future of China chic? A．It will soon lead global fashion. B．It will need more policy support. C．It will remain a small market. D．It will continue to develop and diversify. Passage 12 Prehistoric people may have used firelight to create the illusion (错觉) of movement in their art. An analysis of 50 carved stones dug up in France suggests that when the stones were placed near a fire, the light made the carved animals appear to move, researchers reported on April 20 in PLOS ONE. These stones, or “plaquettes”, were discovered in the 1860s in a rock shelter called Montastruc and were carved with images of animals such as horses and deer. The site was used by Magdalenian people, hunter-gatherers who inhabited the area between 23,000 and 14,000 years ago. The researchers analyzed heat damage on the stones, which indicated that they had been exposed directly to high temperatures for prolonged periods, and created 3D models of the stones. These models were imported into virtual reality software and placed next to a virtual hearth (壁炉炉床) so that the heat-damaged areas were closest to the flames, simulating how the stones might have been arranged in real life. The researchers then observed the visual effects under the virtual firelight. “It was surprising to see how dynamic the art was and how much your experience of the art changed with something as simple as placing it near a fire,” says Andy Needham, an archaeologist at the University of York in England. He suggests that the artists intentionally carved along the contours (轮廓) of the rock to use the flickering firelight to create an impression of meaningful movement. The finding enhances archaeologists’ understanding of the relationship between early humans’ artwork and fire. Another recent study found that Stone Age humans created “hidden” art in dark caves that could only be illuminated and viewed with appropriate lighting. 1．What is known about the carved stones from the text? A．They were found in Spain in the 1860s. B．They were carved with animals in motion. C．They were made by Magdalenian people about 14,000 years ago. D．They showed animals like horses and deer. 2．Why did the researchers create 3D models and place them near a virtual hearth? A．To measure the exact temperature of the flames. B．To imitate how the stones might have been used with fire. C．To repair the heat-damaged areas on the stones. D．To identify the types of animals carved on the stones. 3．What does Andy Needham suggest about the ancient artists? A．They preferred to work in dark caves. B．They avoided carving near the edges of the stones. C．They had a deep understanding of visual effects. D．They might have relied on firelight while carving the stones. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Hidden Art in Dark Caves B．How Ancient People Made Tools from Stones C．A New Study on Hunter-Gatherer Life in France D．The Effect of Firelight on Ancient Art Perception Passage 13 Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims. Students in the study became anxious even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not recognize it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on behavior, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases preferences for time-saving products. “More strikingly, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate gain over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was marked. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly accelerated afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than separate versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose instant reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behavior at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate satisfaction.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food regardless of whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “For example, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.” “We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is promoting a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no rush at all.” 1．What is the finding of the study? A．Fast food promotes efficiency. B．Fast food is harmful to people’s health. C．Fast food rushes people into action. D．Fast food logos are easily recognized. 2．Which were participants more likely to choose when exposed to fast food symbols? A．Larger future rewards. B．Time-consuming products. C．Delayed greater gains. D．Immediate financial returns. 3．What does the underlined word “accelerated” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Sped up. B．Swept up. C．Stepped down D．Slowed down. 4．What does Chen-Bo Zhong’s example about “walking faster in a park” imply? A．Saving time is always beneficial. B．Fast food makes people satisfied. C．People should avoid fast food restaurants. D．Hurriedness is inappropriate in relaxed atmosphere. Passage 14 Scientists at Carnegie Mellon University have created a super-small camera called the Microimager, which is thinner than a human hair. It can bend with movements and take clear pictures inside the brain without causing much damage. The camera is only 7 micrometers thick (14 times thinner than a hair) and 400 micrometers wide. Traditional endoscopes, the snake-like cameras doctors put through the body during procedures, are relatively massive compared to this new invention and often severely harm delicate brain tissue. But this thin, flexible device can slip between neurons (神经元), according to the research published in Biomedical Optics Express. Surgeons could one day use this technology to precisely identify the edges of abnormal growths during operations, potentially salvaging more healthy brain tissue. Researchers studying neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s could observe brain cells in action without the cut-into-the-body procedures that are presently required. And unlike rigid fiber cameras that can only capture a single point of light, this flexible device has 20independent channels that create detailed images. Creating such a tiny, functional camera demanded solutions to long-standing engineering challenges. One was about rethinking how to make the device. Unlike previous metal masks(掩模) that caused rough edges (spreading light and reducing image quality) ,the Carnegie Mellon team used smooth photoresist (光刻胶) masks, resulting in cleaner wave guides. They also addressed the need for extreme thinness and medical durability by layering different tissue-safe materials. This combination creates a significant difference in how light bends through each material, effectively trapping light within each wave-guide channel. Existing commercial systems, which are employed to examine brain activity, cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars but provide only single-point measurements. The Microimager could offer 20 times more spatial information in a package that’s dramatically safe. With the ability to resolve features as small as 30 micrometers, it could successfully distinguish between different layers of brain tissue. It is giving a much-needed upgrade to how we study and treat the most complex organ in the human body. 1．Why does the author mention traditional endoscopes? A．To clarify a definition. B．To present an argument. C．To make a comparison. D．To reach a conclusion. 2．What does the underlined word “salvaging” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Repairing. B．Saving. C．Changing. D．Creating. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning the Microimager? A．Its application effects. B．Its working principle. C．Its innovative points. D．Its experimental process. 4．Which best describes current commercial systems used to study brain activity? A．Economical. B．Time-consuming. C．Promising. D．Cost-inefficient. Passage 15 When it comes to navigating (导航) areas, past studies showed that the abilities don’t truly kick in until 12. However, a new study has revealed that children aged 5 can find their way around large spaces. The researchers involved with this study previously concentrated on three regions of the adult brain that help navigation: PPA, which lets us recognize places and assign them to different categories, RSC, which maps these places within a larger space and OPA, which keeps us from running into objects. In 2024, they found that the system associated with OPA doesn't fully develop until the age of 8. However, they theorized that younger children must still be able to create a map of their surroundings, even before they can walk well. The new study confirmed that RSC is already well-developed in children younger than 8. The results come from an interesting experiment involving five-year-old participants who became familiar with a virtual location called “Tiny Town” full of entertaining landmarks like ice cream stores, playgrounds and fire stations. “We want to get answers, but it’s also important that participants have a good time and a good impression of science,” said Yaelan Jung, first author of the study. Then the researchers conducted fMRI scans (磁共振扫描) on the children, during which they participated in a game-like task where they were shown images from Tiny Town and pressed a button if the images accurately related. Data from the scans proved that the children were able to create a map in their minds, using RSC in their brains to facilitate navigation in larger spaces. The next step, the researchers say, is to look into the brain development of toddlers (学步孩童) with cleverer strategies. “It’s stimulating to explore how humans use different parts of the brain for complex behaviors and how that changes with age and experiences,” Jung said in a press release. “We’re also laying the groundwork for clinical applications.” 1．According to the new study, why can five-year-olds navigate large areas? A．They can mentally map a large environment. B．Their OPA region has developed to the full. C．Their PPA region helps them avoid objects. D．They can walk well by recognizing places. 2．Why did the researchers design Tiny Town? A．To confirm the accuracy of fMRI scans. B．To improve kids’ scientific competence. C．To make the experiment engaging for kids. D．To adjust kids’ emotion before the experiment. 3．What are Yaelan Jung’s words in the last paragraph mainly about? A．Influence of research strategies. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Demand for a larger sample size. D．Solid evidence of the findings. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Brain Development: A Magic Solution B．Young Children: Natural Navigators at Age 5 C．Tiny Town: A Key to Unlocking Brain Secrets D．Three Regions: Core Parts for Mapping Places 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第一次月考复习之阅读理解说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 篇目 核心主题 / 文章主线 话题分类 Passage 1 德国研究所开展农场家畜认知与情感研究，推翻牲畜智力低下的固有观念 动物科学动物心智研究 Passage 2 科研发现人类大脑微塑料含量逐年上升，探讨微塑料对人体的潜在健康威胁 环境与健康塑料污染危害 Passage 3 阐释成长型思维的内涵、对青少年发展的益处，对比固定型思维，给出思维转换方法 心理科普思维模式成长教育 Passage 4 对比传统媒体与数字媒体的传播特点、异同，展望未来媒体行业发展走向 社会文化媒体变革 Passage 5 美国中学骑行课程对照实验，探究体育运动骑行对于青少年心理健康的积极作用 健康科普运动与心理健康 Passage 6 经合组织测试显示富裕国家成年人读写计算能力下滑，分析成因并提出儿童、成人教育改进对策 社会教育成人能力与教育改革 Passage 7 人脑对时间的主观感知受图像记忆度、场景等视觉因素影响，揭秘大脑处理信息时的时间感知机制 科普研究人脑认知规律 Passage 8 一座采用 3D打印黏土砖建造的花园斩获切尔西花展首个绿色奖章，介绍其可持续环保设计理念 生态环保绿色建筑设计 Passage 9 英国最新调查显示越来越多男性选择收养成年猫咪，宠物陪伴有益于人们的心理健康 社会生活人与宠物 Passage 10 垂直农业智能动态照明系统研究，在不影响作物产量的前提下降低室内种植的用电成本 科技农业现代农业技术 Passage 11 解读 “国潮” 兴起现象，剖析国潮流行背后的经济、文化自信动因以及未来发展前景 社会文化国潮文化 Passage 12 考古研究发现史前人类可能利用摇曳火光，让石刻动物图案产生动态视觉效果 历史考古远古艺术研究 Passage 13 心理学实验证明，即便短暂接触快餐标识也会潜意识催使人变得急躁、偏好即时收益 社会心理消费行为研究 Passage 14 美国科研团队研发出超薄柔性脑内微型摄像设备，介绍其技术优势与医学应用前景 前沿科技医疗新设备 Passage 15 大脑导航功能新研究，推翻旧结论，证实 5 岁儿童已经具备在广阔空间辨别方位的导航能力 生命科学儿童大脑发育 Passage 1 You’d never mistake a goat for a dog, but on an unreasonably warm afternoon, I almost do. I’m on a farm in northern Germany, trying to keep my head due to work stress. Sixty Nigeria goats are taking turns crashing their horns (角) against wooden fences. Then, during the chaos, something remarkable happens. One of the animals raises her head and stares thoughtfully at me, her widely spaced eyes and odd pupils seeking to make contact — and perhaps even connection. It’s a look we see in other humans, in our pets and in our primate (灵长类) relatives, but not in animals raised for food. Or maybe we just haven’t been looking hard enough. That’s a cool idea here at Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), one of the world’s leading centers for exploring the minds of goats, pigs and other livestock (牲畜). Scientists here are exploring the mental and emotional lives of animals we’ve lived with for thousands of years, yet, from a cognitive (认知的) perspective, know almost nothing about. The work is part of an effort to overturn the idea that livestock are dumb and unworthy of scientific attention. Over the past decade, researchers at FBN and elsewhere have shown that pigs show signs of empathy and that goats match dogs in some tests of social intelligence. What shocks some experts is that cows can be potty (便盆) trained, suggesting a self-awareness behind their blank stares and chewing. “There’s a lot to be learned by studying the mental lives of these creatures,” says Christopher, a Johns Hopkins university psychologist. Disregarding livestock, he says, has been a “missed opportunity” by the scientific community. The field faces challenges, however. Farm animals can be huge, many are hard to train, and traditional funders and standard journals have generally rejected such studies. But as scientists push past these obstacles, they are getting insights not only into minds of livestock, but into the evolution of our own cognition. What they learn could even change the way we house and treat these creatures. 1．Why does the author mention Nigerian goats? A．To conserve wild life. B．To conduct researches. C．To relieve work stress. D．To introduce livestock studies. 2．Which of the following has been confirmed by scientists? A．Nigerian goats are mild animals. B．Pigs can relate to others in some cases. C．Goats beat dogs in some intelligence tests. D．Self-awareness exists behind the goats’ blank stares. 3．What is responsible for the ignored livestock studies? A．Farm animals are stupid. B．These studies lack practical values. C．These studies lack financial support. D．Farm animals are unworthy of scientific research. 4．What is Christopher’s attitude towards farm animal studies? A．Dismissive B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Cautious. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国一家研究所对农场动物如山羊的认知和情感生活进行的科学研究，旨在推翻人们对牲畜认知能力低下的观念，并探讨这些研究对理解动物心智及进化认知的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sixty Nigeria goats are taking turns crashing their horns (角) against wooden fences. Then, during the chaos, something remarkable happens. One of the animals raises her head and stares thoughtfully at me, her widely spaced eyes and odd pupils seeking to make contact — and perhaps even connection.(六十只尼日利亚山羊轮流用角撞击木制围栏。在一片混乱之中，发生了一件令人惊奇的事情。其中一只山羊抬起头，若有所思地凝视着我，它那间距较大的眼睛和奇特的瞳孔试图与我进行眼神交流——甚至可能是心灵上的沟通)”以及第三段的“That’s a cool idea here at Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), one of the world’s leading centers for exploring the minds of goats, pigs and other livestock (牲畜).(在农业动物生物学研究所（FBN）这里，有一个很棒的想法。该研究所是全球研究山羊、猪及其他家畜思维的顶尖机构之一)”可推知，作者描述了自己在农场上的经历，并特别提到了山羊的行为，这实际上是为了引入接下来关于家畜（尤其是山羊）认知和情感生活的研究。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Over the past decade, researchers at FBN and elsewhere have shown that pigs show signs of empathy and that goats match dogs in some tests of social intelligence.(在过去的十年里，FBN和其他地方的研究人员已经表明，猪表现出同理心的迹象，山羊在一些社会智力测试中与狗相匹配)”可知，科学家已经观察到猪表现出同情心的迹象，能与他人的感受产生共鸣。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The field faces challenges, however. Farm animals can be huge, many are hard to train, and traditional funders and standard journals have generally rejected such studies.(然而，该领域也面临着诸多挑战。农场动物体型庞大，很多动物难以训练，而且传统的资助者和常规期刊通常都拒绝这类研究)”可知，导致对牲畜研究被忽视的原因是这些研究缺乏资金支持。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段““There’s a lot to be learned by studying the mental lives of these creatures,” says Christopher, a Johns Hopkins university psychologist. Disregarding livestock, he says, has been a “missed opportunity” by the scientific community.(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的心理学家克里斯托弗表示：“研究这些生物的精神世界能让我们学到很多东西。”他指出，忽视牲畜在科学界来说是一个“错失的机会”)”可知，Christopher认为研究这些动物的精神生活能学到很多，忽视它们是一个错失的机会。由此推知，他对农场动物研究是支持的。故选B。 Passage 2 A new study has found that human brains are accumulating microplastics at an increasing rate. Researchers analyzed 91 brain tissue samples and made a striking discovery: surprisingly high concentrations of tiny plastic bits are present in these brain samples. What’s more, recent samples contained more microplastics than older ones, roughly an increase of 50%. While earlier studies had already detected super-small plastic bits in parts of the human body like the lungs and liver, the levels found in the brain are notably higher than those in other organs. Previous research has already linked higher levels of microplastics in the blood to increased risks of heart attacks, strokes, and even death. Additionally, a second study, set to be published soon, offers hints that plastic pollution may harm brain function: people living in coastal areas where seawater has extremely high levels of tiny plastic bits are more likely to face cognitive issues and struggle with daily tasks. Measuring micro-and nano-plastic particles (MNPs) in the brain tissue is tough, so multiple technical methods have been used. Data shows a sharp rise in microplastic levels: 3,345 micrograms of plastic per gram of brain tissue in 2016 and 4,917 micrograms in 2024. Despite these findings, the study has limitations. For one, the team found no connection between MNP levels and the age at which the donors died, but the sample size was relatively small, which may have affected this result. Interpreting the measurement results also posed challenges, and there’s a constant risk that tiny plastic bits in the air could have compromised the samples during testing. Furthermore, the study did not track microplastic levels over time in living people, so it cannot explain how an individual’s microplastic exposure might change as they age. Perhaps the biggest unanswered question is whether these brain microplastics are harmful. “Simply put, we do not know the health implications of microplastics in the brain,” West, a coauthor of the study, said. However, he stressed that waiting to fully understand the risks before taking action to address plastic pollution would be a mistake. 1．How does the author introduce the finding in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．Why does the author mention the “second study” in paragraph 3? A．To explain the causes of plastic pollution. B．To show the consequences of microplastics. C．To state the difficulty treating microplastics. D．To illustrate the struggles of coastal residents. 3．What makes the measurement of MNPs in brain tissue challenging? A．The small size of the tissue samples. B．The lack of basic measurement tools. C．The need for multiple technical methods. D．The high concentration of MNPs in samples. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Brain microplastics are harmful. B．Health risks are obvious. C．Plastic pollution needs no treatment. D．Immediate action is necessary. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现人类大脑中微塑料积累速度加快及其潜在影响，同时指出了研究存在的局限性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers analyzed 91 brain tissue samples and made a striking discovery: surprisingly high concentrations of tiny plastic bits are present in these brain samples. What’s more, recent samples contained more microplastics than older ones, roughly an increase of 50%.(研究人员分析了91个脑组织样本，并有了惊人的发现：这些脑样本中存在浓度惊人的微小塑料碎片。更重要的是，最近的样本比旧的样本含有更多的微塑料，大约增加了50%。)”可知，作者通过提供数据来引入研究发现的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Previous research has already linked higher levels of microplastics in the blood to increased risks of heart attacks, strokes, and even death. Additionally, a second study, set to be published soon, offers hints that plastic pollution may harm brain function: people living in coastal areas where seawater has extremely high levels of tiny plastic bits are more likely to face cognitive issues and struggle with daily tasks.(先前的研究已经将血液中更高水平的微塑料与心脏病发作、中风甚至死亡的风险增加联系起来。此外，一项即将发表的第二项研究提供了塑料污染可能损害大脑功能的线索：生活在海水中有极高水平微小塑料碎片的沿海地区的人们更有可能面临认知问题，并在日常任务中挣扎。)”可知，作者提到第二项研究是为了进一步说明微塑料的潜在危害，即展示微塑料的后果。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Measuring micro-and nano-plastic particles (MNPs) in the brain tissue is tough, so multiple technical methods have been used.(测量脑组织中的微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒（MNPs）很困难，因此使用了多种技术方法。)”可知，测量脑组织中的微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒之所以具有挑战性，是因为需要多种技术方法。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, he stressed that waiting to fully understand the risks before taking action to address plastic pollution would be a mistake.(然而，他强调，在采取行动解决塑料污染问题之前等待完全了解风险将是一个错误。)”可知，作者认为等待采取行动解决塑料污染问题是一个错误，即，强调需要立即采取行动。故选D。 Passage 3 A growth mindset is the belief that you can improve your abilities over time and effort. With a growth mindset, you feel motivated enough to learn anything you want. It helps you embrace challenges and persist (坚持) in the face of difficulties. Many legendary figures, such as Oprah Winfrey and Michael Jordan, developed a growth mindset and overcame many hurdles to reach their current positions. When you are a teenager, you are curious about everything happening around you. A growth mindset further strengthens that curiosity and makes you believe that you can learn a hard skill or acquire plenty of new information with hard work. Even when you are met with difficulties, you perceive them as learning opportunities for self-improvement. It helps increase your emotional intelligence and neuroplasticity (神经可塑性). If you look around, you will see many teenagers as growth mindset examples. Imagine a student named Sarah. Initially, she struggled with math, but she didn’t give up. She sought help from the teacher and her partners to improve herself. She kept practicing and thought to herself that she could get good at math. Her mindset and attitude helped her perform well on the math exam. This is a perfect example of how a growth mindset can lead to success. Do you feel that you have already learned everything in life? Then we have bad news for you. You may have a fixed mindset. It’s the polar opposite of a growth mindset and takes you further away from personal development. If you realize that you have a fixed mindset, don’t worry. You can shift your mindset. Start by reframing (重构) your thoughts. Instead of saying, “I can’t do it”, say “I can’t do it yet”. Surround yourself with positive-minded people who can influence you. Also, seek new opportunities and step out of your comfort zone. Seek feedback to identify your weaknesses, and gradually work on improving them. Soon, you will realize why a growth mindset is important and how it helps achieve your goals. 1．What idea does the author introduce in paragraph 1? A．A growth mindset helps people advance. B．People with a growth mindset never give up. C．Effort makes little difference to one’s abilities. D．Legendary figures are born with special talents. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Emotional intelligence matters a lot to teens. B．Difficulties are necessary for learning new skills. C．Teenagers are naturally curious about new things. D．A growth mindset enhances curiosity and self-improvement. 3．What can be inferred about a fixed mindset from the text? A．It forbids people achieving their goals. B．It prevents people realizing their potential C．It helps people achieve personal development. D．It encourages people to seek new chances 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of a Growth Mindset B．The Application of a Growth Mindset C．The Secrets to Success: Effort and Talent D．The Key to Self-Improvement: Being Curious 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍成长型思维的内涵 —— 相信能力可通过努力提升，阐述其对青少年好奇心与自我提升的作用，对比固定型思维，给出转变思维的方法，凸显其重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A growth mindset is the belief that you can improve your abilities over time and effort. With a growth mindset, you feel motivated enough to learn anything you want. It helps you embrace challenges and persist (坚持) in the face of difficulties.(成长型思维模式指的是这样一种信念：随着时间的推移以及通过努力，你能够提升自己的能力。拥有这种思维模式后，你会有足够的动力去学习任何你想学习的东西。它能帮助你积极面对挑战，并在遇到困难时坚持不懈)”可知，作者在第一段中一种成长型思维模式能帮助人们取得进步。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“When you are a teenager, you are curious about everything happening around you. A growth mindset further strengthens that curiosity and makes you believe that you can learn a hard skill or acquire plenty of new information with hard work. Even when you are met with difficulties, you perceive them as learning opportunities for self-improvement. It helps increase your emotional intelligence and neuroplasticity (神经可塑性).(当你还是个青少年时，你会对周围发生的一切充满好奇。一种成长型思维模式会进一步强化这种好奇心，并让你相信通过努力工作，你能够掌握一项高难度的技能或者获取大量新的知识。即使遇到困难，你也会将其视为自我提升的机会。这有助于提高你的情商和神经可塑性)”可知，第二段主要讲了一种积极进取的心态能够激发好奇心并促进自我提升。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Do you feel that you have already learned everything in life? Then we have bad news for you. You may have a fixed mindset. It’s the polar opposite of a growth mindset and takes you further away from personal development.(你是否觉得自己已经掌握了生活中的一切呢？那么我们要告诉你一个坏消息。你可能拥有的是固定型思维模式。这种思维模式与成长型思维模式截然相反，会阻碍你的个人发展)”可知，固定型思维模式会阻碍人们发挥出自身的潜力。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A growth mindset is the belief that you can improve your abilities over time and effort. With a growth mindset, you feel motivated enough to learn anything you want. It helps you embrace challenges and persist (坚持) in the face of difficulties.(成长型思维模式指的是这样一种信念：随着时间的推移以及通过努力，你能够提升自己的能力。拥有这种思维模式后，你会有足够的动力去学习任何你想学习的东西。它能帮助你积极面对挑战，并在遇到困难时坚持不懈)”结合本文介绍成长型思维的内涵 —— 相信能力可通过努力提升，阐述其对青少年好奇心与自我提升的作用，对比固定型思维，给出转变思维的方法，凸显其重要性。可知，A选项“成长型思维模式的力量”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 4 In the past few decades, the way people access information has undergone a dramatic transformation, shifting from traditional media to digital platforms. Traditional media, which includes newspapers, television, and radio, has long been the basis of public communication. These forms of media are characterized by their one-way communication model, where information is delivered to a passive audience without immediate interaction. In contrast, digital media — including social media, blogs, and online news websites — operates on a dynamic, interactive framework that allows users to engage, comment, and share content in real time. Despite their differences, both traditional and digital media share the fundamental goal of spreading information to the public. Each serves as a tool for education, entertainment, and monitoring of the environment. Moreover, both forms are influenced by economic factors—relying on advertising income and audience engagement — and must stick to ethical standards, although the carrying out of these standards varies significantly between the two. However, the differences between these media forms are obvious. Traditional media typically offers slower, more selected content produced by professionals, often ensuring higher accuracy but lacking immediacy. Digital media, on the other hand, provides instant updates and a variety of perspectives at the cost of occasional unreliability. One critical distinction lies in accessibility: traditional media is often limited by geographic and temporal restrictions, while digital media is globally accessible anytime, promoting a more interconnected world. Additionally, digital platforms allow users to become content creators themselves, making it difficult to see the line between producers and consumers. Looking ahead, the future undoubtedly belongs to digital media. With the rapid advancement of technology and increasing internet penetration (渗透) worldwide, digital platforms are becoming the primary source of information for younger generations. Although traditional media will not disappear entirely, its role will likely reduce to that of a supplementary source, valued for its depth and credibility. As artificial intelligence and big data continue to evolve, digital media will further personalize user experiences and dominate the landscape of communication. Ultimately, this shift indicates not just a change in how we consume information, but a transformation in how we connect with the world around us. 1．What is a key characteristic of digital media according to the passage? A．It allows real-time interaction and engagement. B．It relies only on professional content producers. C．It is limited by geographic and temporal restrictions. D．It delivers information through a one-way communication model. 2．What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A．To predict the future development of digital media. B．To discuss the economic models of both media types. C．To emphasize the differences between the two media forms. D．To highlight the shared goals and characteristics of both media. 3．What can be inferred about traditional media from the passage? A．It will completely disappear within the next decade. B．It will maintain its dominant position in information dissemination. C．It may continue to exist but in a more specialized role. D．It will merge completely with digital media and lose its identity. 4．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Economic Challenges of Traditional Media B．The Media Revolution: From Traditional to Digital C．The Disadvantages of Digital Platforms D．How to Become a Content Creator 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比了传统媒体和数字媒体的特点、优缺点及未来趋势。指出数字媒体更互动、即时、普及，但传统媒体仍有深度和可信度。预测未来数字媒体将主导，但传统媒体可能转为补充角色，两者共同改变信息传播和连接方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In contrast, digital media — including social media, blogs, and online news websites — operates on a dynamic, interactive framework that allows users to engage, comment, and share content in real time.(相比之下，数字媒体——包括社交媒体、博客和在线新闻网站——在一个动态的、互动的框架中运作，允许用户实时参与、评论和分享内容。)”可知，数字媒体的一个关键特点是允许用户实时互动和参与。选项A“It allows real-time interaction and engagement(它允许实时互动和参与)”符合题意。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Despite their differences, both traditional and digital media share the fundamental goal of spreading information to the public. Each serves as a tool for education, entertainment, and monitoring of the environment. Moreover, both forms are influenced by economic factors — relying on advertising income and audience engagement — and must stick to ethical standards, although the carrying out of these standards varies significantly between the two.(尽管存在差异，但传统媒体和数字媒体都以向公众传播信息为基本目标。每一种都作为教育、娱乐和环境监测的工具。此外，这两种形式都受到经济因素的影响——依赖广告收入和受众参与——并且必须遵守道德标准，尽管这些标准在两者之间的执行情况有很大差异。)”可知，第二段主要强调了传统媒体和数字媒体的共同目标和特点。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Although traditional media will not disappear entirely, its role will likely reduce to that of a supplementary source, valued for its depth and credibility.(尽管传统媒体不会完全消失，但其角色可能会降为补充来源，因其深度和可信度而受到重视。)”可知，传统媒体可能会继续存在，但扮演更专业的角色。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“In the past few decades, the way people access information has undergone a dramatic transformation, shifting from traditional media to digital platforms.(在过去的几十年里，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大的转变，从传统媒体转向数字平台。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了媒体从传统形式向数字形式的革命性转变。选项B“The Media Revolution: From Traditional to Digital(媒体革命：从传统到数字)”符合文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 Teaching middle schoolers bike riding skills as part of physical education classes may help improve their mental health, according to a new study that looked at the effects of a 6-to-8-week cycling class taught in schools across the U.S. The mental health benefits of exercise are well-documented. And anyone who’s lived through middle school knows those years can be particularly challenging. The new study comes at a time when research shows that youths across the U.S. are struggling with mental health. “They’re starting to experience all sorts of social pressures, anxiety, stress from school, stress from home,” says Sean Wilson, the study’s senior author. The study included over 1,200 students, aged 11 to 14, from middle schools across the U.S. They took part in a cycling class at least three times a week for at least 6 weeks. They learned cycling safety and riding skills outdoors while raising their heart rate and just having fun. The students completed standardized screening questionnaires (调查问卷) before and after the program designed to measure their well-being. Dr. Allan Reiss from Stanford University School of Medicine says that while many types of exercise are good for the brain, cycling has some special advantages. “Cycling uses many different parts of the brain as you need to see, hear, and stay balanced,” Reiss explains. “You also have to pay attention to where you’re going and make turns.” Of course, while exercise has powerful mental health benefits, it’s not a panacea (灵丹妙药). The current study found that, while middle school girls reported increased well-being after joining the cycling program, that increase “may just reach the usual level for boys,” says Esther Walker, the senior research program manager. And other parts of healthy living are also important, notes Walker. The study found that teenagers who spent more than two hours a day on screens, or who got less than the recommended 8.5 hours of sleep, saw less improvement in their well-being, she says. 1．What is the main reason for the new study? A．The mental problems of American youths. B．The competition between American schools. C．The idea that exercise helps mental health. D．Previous research that caused disagreement. 2．How did the researchers come to their conclusion? A．By teaching cycling skills. B．By attending a cycling class. C．By comparing questionnaires. D．By checking the subjects’ heart rates. 3．According to Dr. Allan Reiss, what makes cycling better than other physical activities? A．It improves social skills. B．It activates many brain functions. C．It is common and easy to learn. D．It is more effective at reducing stress. 4．What can we infer from Esther Walker’s words? A．Exercise is more important for girls. B．Schools should focus on cycling in PE classes. C．Girls should choose other exercises other than cycling. D．Good living habits are also important for well-being. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对美国中学生的新研究——在学校开设6-8周骑行课程，以探究骑行对心理健康的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The new study comes at a time when research shows that youths across the U.S. are struggling with mental health. (这项新研究是在研究表明美国各地的年轻人都在与心理健康作斗争的时候进行的。)”可知，研究的主因是美国青少年心理健康问题突出。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The students completed standardized screening questionnaires (调查问卷) before and after the program designed to measure their well-being. (学生们在项目之前和之后完成了标准化的筛选问卷，以衡量他们的幸福感。)”可知，研究人员让受试者在项目前后填写标准化筛选问卷并对比结果，从而得出骑行课对幸福感的影响。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子““Cycling uses many different parts of the brain as you need to see, hear, and stay balanced,” Reiss explains. “You also have to pay attention to where you’re going and make turns.” (赖斯解释说：‘骑自行车需要使用大脑的许多不同部位，因为你需要看、听和保持平衡。”“你还必须注意你要去的地方，并转弯。’)”可知，Dr. Allan Reiss解释，骑行需调动多种大脑功能，包括视觉、听觉、平衡、注意力等。选项B准确概括这一观点，其他选项（如提升社交技能、易学性）未被提及。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“And other parts of healthy living are also important, notes Walker. The study found that teenagers who spent more than two hours a day on screens, or who got less than the recommended 8.5 hours of sleep, saw less improvement in their well-being, she says. (Walker指出，健康生活的其他方面也很重要。她说，研究发现，每天花在屏幕上的时间超过两小时，或者睡眠时间少于建议的8.5小时的青少年，他们的幸福感改善幅度更小。)”可知，末段 Walker 指出：每天屏幕超两小时或睡眠不足 8.5 小时的青少年，幸福感改善幅度更小。由此推断，良好生活习惯对心理健康同样重要。故选D项。 Passage 6 Does it often feel as if the world is getting stupider? Data released on December 10th by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, suggest this may not be all in your head. Roughly every ten years the organization asks adults in dozens of places to sit tests in abilities to calculate, read and write. The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a primary-school child. In maths, average scores have risen in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many. In reading and writing, a lot more countries have seen scores decline than advance, despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational qualifications than ever before. Some guess that video games and social media are reducing sharpness. It is just as likely that education and training systems have failed. Yet a century of extreme technological change has not cut demand for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words. Adults who do badly in the OECD’s tests earn vastly less than those who are expert in them. They are also in poorer health and less satisfied with their life. Improving lessons for children is the surest way of creating more capable grown-ups. England’s adults have topped the OECD’s league table, mostly because the youngest ones (aged 16-24) are scoring better than before. That may reflect reforms which have made exams for older teenagers more difficult, and begun requiring youngsters who fail them to try again. The second task is to oil creaking (嘎吱作响的) systems for educating adults. These hand dropouts second chances; they also serve people who change careers and help migrants integrate. Yet people with the weakest skills tend to have the least time and money for self-improvement. They are less likely to attend adult classes, or get training, even though they are the most in need. 1．Which of the following best describes the result of the test? A．Encouraging. B．Debatable. C．Disappointing. D．Predictable. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The development of technology. B．The necessity of advanced education. C．The living conditions of modern adults. D．The importance of calculating and reading skills. 3．What is indicated by the example of England’s adults in paragraph 5? A．The older adults perform better in the test. B．England’s education to teenagers is ineffective. C．Children have to participate in different exams. D．Stricter academic requirements to teenagers count. 4．What can we learn about the weakest-skilled adults? A．They seek chances to get improved. B．They are in need of more job offers. C．They lack training to upgrade themselves. D．They are content with the current situation. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经合组织发布的测试数据显示，许多富裕国家成年人的数学、读写能力不佳且部分国家成绩下滑，分析了可能原因，并提出改善儿童教育和完善成人教育体系两大解决方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The latest tests were carried out in 31 rich countries. They suggest that a fifth of adults do no better in maths and reading than might be expected of a primary-school child. In maths, average scores have risen in a few places over the past ten years, but fallen in almost as many. In reading and writing, a lot more countries have seen scores decline than advance, despite the fact that adults hold more and higher educational qualifications than ever before.”（最新测试在 31 个富裕国家开展。结果显示，五分之一的成年人在数学和读写方面的水平并不比小学生好。在数学方面，过去十年少数地区平均分有所上升，但下降的地区数量几乎与之持平。在读写方面，成绩下降的国家远多于上升的国家，尽管成年人比以往任何时候都拥有更多更高的教育资格)”可知，测试结果整体呈现“成年人能力不足、多数国家成绩下滑”的趋势，这种结果是令人失望的。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet a century of extreme technological change has not cut demand for people who are good with numbers, or who have a way with words. Adults who do badly in the OECD’s tests earn vastly less than those who are expert in them. They are also in poorer health and less satisfied with their life.(然而，一个世纪以来剧烈的技术变革并没有降低对擅长数字或语言表达的人才的需求。在经合组织测试中表现不佳的成年人，收入远低于测试表现优秀的人。他们的健康状况也更差，对生活的满意度更低)可知，该段通过“人才需求”和“个人收入、健康、生活满意度”两方面，强调了数学和读写能力的重要性。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“England’s adults have topped the OECD’s league table, mostly because the youngest ones (aged 16-24) are scoring better than before. That may reflect reforms which have made exams for older teenagers more difficult, and begun requiring youngsters who fail them to try again.(英国成年人在经合组织排名中位居榜首，主要是因为最年轻的群体（16-24 岁）得分比以往更高。这可能反映出改革的效果 —— 改革提高了青少年后期考试的难度，并开始要求考试不及格的年轻人重新参加考试)”可知，英国成年人成绩好是因为年轻群体得分高，而年轻群体得分高源于对青少年更严格的学业要求（考试变难、不及格需重考），这说明对青少年更严格的学业要求是有效的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Yet people with the weakest skills tend to have the least time and money for self-improvement. They are less likely to attend adult classes, or get training, even though they are the most in need.(然而，技能最差的人往往拥有最少的时间和金钱进行自我提升。他们参加成人课程或接受培训的可能性更低，尽管他们最需要这些机会)可知，技能最差的成年人缺乏提升自身的培训。故选C。 Passage 7 A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time. New research shows more memorable images seem to last longer. Martin Wiener, head of the research, says the finding helps reveal how the brain’s timebending strategy allows it to process and remember more information. While what is actually happening in the brain when time seems to expand remains unclear, scientists suspect it may have something to do with helping the brain process more information in limited time. This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources. Recent research has shown some images are more naturally memorable than others. To understand how this memorability of an image, along with a few simpler visual features such as scene size and disorder, might relate to our subjective sense of time, Wiener and his colleagues conducted related experiments, in which subjects were shown images with varying duration and were asked to categorize whether the length of time on the screen was either “short” or “long”. The next day they were given a surprise memory test to see which images they recalled seeing. The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contact it. Besides, the subjects perceived that more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time. To find the underlying factor, the team fed the same memorability ranked images to a neural network modeled after the brain’s visual system and found more memorable images were processed faster. The explanation for why our brain’s faster processing would slow time is that it’s increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information, thus dilating time. 1．What does the saying “A watched pot never boils” describe? A．The unnoticed passage of time. B．The feeling that time slows down. C．The hardship of preparing food. D．The perception that time awaits no one. 2．How does the brain’s visual system handle information? A．By setting priorities. B．By comparing similar scenes. C．By sorting randomly. D．By screening out complex images. 3．Which of the images seems to last longest if known on the screen for equal duration based on the study? A．The most colorful one. B．The most memorable one. C．The most disordered one. D．The largest one. 4．What does the underlined word “dilating” in the last paragraph mean? A．Using up. B．Cutting down. C．Stretching out. D．Clearing away. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现人类对时间的感知会受视觉特征影响，且更易记忆的图像会让人感觉持续时间更长。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A watched pot never boils, but time has wings when you’re having fun. The familiar saying has a basis in solid science — our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world. (心急水不沸，欢乐时光总觉短。这句俗语有科学依据——我们的时间感知确实会随着体验世界的方式而扩展或收缩。)”可知，当人们专注于某件事情时，如等待水烧开，会感觉时间过得很慢，而当人们享受某件事时，时间似乎过得很快，说明人对时间的感知因体验不同而变化。谚语“心急水不沸”描述等待时感觉时间漫长。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is especially relevant for the brain’s visual system which, subjected to information overload, has to rank in order of importance, allowing for limited resources.(这与大脑的视觉系统尤其相关，该系统在面临信息过载时，由于资源有限，必须按重要性排序。)”可知，大脑视觉系统通过设定优先级来处理信息。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Besides, the subjects perceived that more memorable images remained on the screen longer, even if they were all presented for the same amount of time.(此外，受试者认为，即使所有图像展示的时间相同，更易记忆的图像在屏幕上停留的时间似乎更长。)”可知，在屏幕上展示时间相同的情况下，最易记忆的图像会让人感觉持续时间最长。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“The explanation for why our brain’s faster processing would slow time is that it’s increasing the amount of information it can take in at once. Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck, which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information, thus dilating time.(大脑处理速度更快却会让人感觉时间变慢，原因在于它增加了一次性接收的信息量。处理信息的有限资源可能是一种瓶颈，当大脑需要吸收更多信息时，就会拓宽这个瓶颈，从而_____时间。)”可知，大脑拓宽处理信息的瓶颈，目的是让人感觉时间变长以吸收更多信息，“dilating”应意为“延长、拉伸”，与“Stretching out”意思相近。故选C项。 Passage 8 A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D-printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design. The Chelsea Flower Show, a celebrated global event held annually at Chelsea, London, has been a cornerstone of the gardening calendar since 1913. It began as a way to showcase the latest trends in gardening and plant varieties. The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens. Giulio Giorgi, a first-time Chelsea designer, stated he created the green-medal-winning garden with no concrete. Most gardens contain concrete in some form and the materials they are built from often generate the highest carbon footprint. While the employment of pollinator-friendly plants, wild areas and sensible use of water are well-known easy ways to make a garden more sustainable, Giorgi said it was crucial to focus on the building materials as their carbon footprint was often overlooked. “We typically use a lot of metal, glue, cement and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens. The material in our garden is low-temperature-fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D-printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any. The bricks, peppered with tiny holes, can absorb water and release it when drought strikes plants,” said Giorgi. Judges considered end-of-life plans for the gardens and whether materials could be reused. The 3D-printed nature of Giorgi’s garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again. As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted. 1．What do we know about the Chelsea Flower Show? A．It values sustainability as well as appeal. B．Its initial aim was to encourage outdoor fitness. C．It requires competing gardens to be concrete-free. D．It has a longstanding tradition of promoting clean energy. 2．What advantage does clay have over other building materials according to Giorgi? A．It catches fire less easily. B．It has a longer lifespan. C．It takes less labor to produce. D．It’s eco-friendly and more available. 3．What will become of Giorgi’s garden after the show? A．It’ll be sold publicly. B．It’ll serve as an urban landmark. C．It’ll be turned into a school. D．It’ll come into play in another spot. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Clay Bricks: Recyclable Building Material B．Chelsea Flower Show: Celebration of Gardening C．Garden with Clay Bricks: Winner of Green Medal D．Giulio Giorgi: Designer Enthusiastic about High-Tech 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍用黏土制成的3D打印砖块打造的花园，获切尔西花展首个绿色奖章，并介绍了花展和花园设计的环保特点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D-printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.(一座由“不起眼”的黏土制成的3D打印砖块建造的花园因其最具环境可持续性的设计在切尔西花展上获得了首个绿色奖章)”以及第二段中“The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.(环境创新奖是此类奖项中的第一个，与颁发给最具吸引力和趣味性花园的金、银、铜牌一同颁发)”可知，切尔西花展既重视可持续性，又重视花园的吸引力。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“The material in our garden is low-temperature-fired clay, a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere. We made this clay into 3D-printed bricks, connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible, if any.(我们花园里的材料是低温烧制的粘土，这种资源几乎随处可见。我们将这种粘土制成3D打印砖，将古老的传统与新颖的做法相结合，从而尽可能降低碳排放，如果有的话)”可知，与其他建筑材料相比，粘土更环保且更容易获取。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“As a result, when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley, where it will live on after the show as an educational facility, the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.(因此，当它被搬迁到英国皇家园艺学会威斯利花园（RHS Garden Wisley），在展览结束后作为一个教育设施继续存在时，碳排放将很低，因为不会浪费任何材料)”可知，展览结束后，Giorgi的花园将被搬迁到另一个地方继续发挥作用。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A garden constructed with “humble” clay fashioned into 3D-printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.(一个由“普通”粘土制成3D打印砖建造的花园，因其是最环保的设计而在切尔西花展上获得了第一枚绿色奖章)”及全文内容可知，文章核心围绕“用黏土3D打印砖建造的花园获得切尔西花展首枚绿色奖牌”展开，既介绍了花园的建材特点，也提及展会相关信息及花园后续去向。C选项“Garden with Clay Bricks: Winner of Green Medal(黏土砖花园：绿色奖牌得主)”准确概括核心内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 9 A recent survey has shown that more men are adopting cats than women in recent years. People used to think cats are preferred by women, and dogs are the trusty friends of men. However, a new research from UK Pet Food uncovered an obvious gender (性别) difference in pet adoption numbers—with more men choosing to adopt adult cats than women. Over the past four years, 1.5 million new male households have been benefiting from the company of an adult cat, compared to around 1 million female households. The research findings highlight the function of the bond that can exist between a man and his furry friend. Although you may be fond of kittens with their playful and innocent nature, there’s a convincing reason to adopt an adult cat, especially for men seeking a loyal and entertaining companion. Unlike the troublesome process of raising a kitten, adult cats come with their personalities fully formed. This means that from day one, you can enjoy the companionship of a furry friend that has already settled into their characters and behaviors. For men with busy schedules or limited time for pet training, an adult cat provides instant companionship without the demanding needs of a young kitten. They’re already litter-trained and accustomed to basic grooming routines, making them an ideal choice for busy men. Michael Bellingham, Chief Executive of UK Pet Food said: “I was interested to see that more men are adopting older cats. Our research this year highlights the profound impact of pets—from fighting with loneliness to having a positive effect on our mental health. We were surprised to see that one fifth of the people with mental illness we interviewed want pets to be included in prescriptions, which can help treat their problems.” So, for men considering bringing a furry companion into their life, adopting an adult cat might just be the perfect choice. 1．What’s the reason for men to choose adult cats? A．They have the potential to care for their owners. B．They are innocent and loyal to the caring adults. C．They have fully developed personalities. D．They are a cure for rare diseases. 2．What can we know about the new research in paragraph 2? A．Compared to women, men prefer to adopt adult cats. B．Dogs are man’s most loyal friends of all time. C．Women are fond of being surrounded by lovely cats. D．Millions of households gain benefits from protecting pets. 3．What can be inferred from Michael Bellingham’s words? A．Adult cats are the best option of pets for UK families. B．Adult cats demand less company from their busy owners. C．Pets have a good impact on people’s mental health. D．Cats are a priceless drug for physical problems in UK. 4．Which of the following phrases can replace “prescription” in paragraph 5? A．Job interviews. B．Text books. C．Personal preference. D．Medical guidance. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明近年来男性收养猫的数量多于女性，尤其更多男性选择收养成年猫。成年猫性格成熟，能给忙碌的男性提供陪伴，且宠物对人们心理健康有积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Unlike the troublesome process of raising a kitten, adult cats come with their personalities fully formed. This means that from day one, you can enjoy the companionship of a furry friend that has already settled into their characters and behaviors. (与养小猫的麻烦过程不同，成年猫的性格已经完全形成。这意味着从第一天起，你就可以享受一个毛茸茸的朋友的陪伴，它已经适应了自己的性格和行为。)”可知，成年猫已经形成了完整的个性，所以男性选择成年猫是因为它们具有完全成熟的个性，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“However, a new research from UK Pet Food uncovered an obvious gender (性别) difference in pet adoption numbers—with more men choosing to adopt adult cats than women. (然而，英国宠物食品公司的一项新研究发现，在宠物收养数量上存在明显的性别差异，选择收养成年猫的男性多于女性。) ”可知，与女性相比，男性更喜欢收养成年猫，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Our research this year highlights the profound impact of pets—from fighting with loneliness to having a positive effect on our mental health.(我们今年的研究强调了宠物的深远影响，从对抗孤独到对我们的心理健康产生积极影响。)”可知，Michael Bellingham的话表明宠物对人们的心理健康有很好的影响，故选C项。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“We were surprised to see that one fifth of the people with mental illness we interviewed want pets to be included in(我们感到很惊讶的是，在我们所采访的患有精神疾病的人群中，有五分之一的人希望将宠物纳入……)”以及后文“which can help treat their problems(这能够帮助解决他们的问题)”可知，让他们惊讶的是，接受采访的五分之一有精神疾病的人希望将宠物纳入“医疗指导”中，以帮助治疗他们的问题。D选项“Medical guidance.(医疗指导)”与划线词意思相近。故选D项。 Passage 10 Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcells, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcells and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcells indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What does the underlined word “intensive” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effective. B．Efficient. C．Challenging. D．Consuming. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They react similarly to varying light patterns. D．They output more under dynamic lighting. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．The new program helps save on electricity bills. B．There are still some limitations in the research. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了垂直农业的相关信息，包括其优缺点、开发智能照明计算机程序以解决能源成本问题，以及室内作物对不同照明条件的反应研究结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive(但这种垂直农业技术也是能量intensive且成本高昂)”可知，intensive与expensive并列，描述垂直农业的缺点，结合选项可知，Consuming(消耗量大的)可与expensive并列，说明垂直农业的缺点。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.(该计算机程序会根据不断变化的电费，每小时调整生长灯的亮度)”可知，生长灯亮度的调整受电费变化影响。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals, while another enjoyed brighter mornings — and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.(一组植物在高强度 - 低强度交替的灯光下生长，另一组则在早晨明亮、下午昏暗的灯光下生长。有趣的是，这两种条件下长出的叶子和成熟后的重量，与在标准固定灯光下生长的植物相似)”可知，室内作物对不同灯光模式的反应相似。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the singleplant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcells. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.(马塞尔斯说，需要继续研究在更大范围内测试动态照明，因为研究是在单株水平上进行的，而不是在整个作物群体水平上进行的。他还警告说，不要指望动态照明对垂直农业有立竿见影的好处。在垂直农业能够帮助养活世界之前，还有其他关键问题有待解决)”可知，Marcelis认为该研究仍存在局限性。故选B。 Passage 11 The concept of “China chic”, or guochao, has become popular in recent years. According to relevant data, the search volume for the keyword “Guochao” increased by 392.66% year-on-year from January to July 2022. The Baidu 2021 Guochao Pride Search Big Data Report revealed that interest in guochao has skyrocketed over the past 10 years. Domestic products are now in fashion, and domestic consumption has increasingly become an important choice for the new generation of consumers. China chic integrates unique cultural elements with the latest trends across various industries. It not only meets younger consumers’ desire for personality and fashion but also helps revive traditional culture. The rise of China chic is a result of China’s rapid economic development and is driven by certain cultural motivations. Additionally, the continuous improvement of Chinese people’s consumption power is an important factor behind the rise of China chic. Most importantly, cultural confidence is the driving force behind the rise of China chic. Five thousand years of Chinese civilization have left behind a rich cultural heritage. In many ways, guochao is the perfect representative of the new wave of Chinese cultural pride. Originating in the fashion industry, this trend reflects Chinese consumers’ renewed interest in their cultural heritage. The guochao trend is strongest among young adults who have grown up in an increasingly powerful China and thus possess a strong sense of national pride. China’s national strength is growing, and its soft power is also on the rise. Even so, we still have a long way to go in promoting China chic. But as it has become a part of people’s lives, there is no doubt that even more diverse China chic products will emerge in the future to showcase Chinese charm. 1．What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in the first paragraph mean? A．Risen sharply. B．Dropped obviously. C．Remained stable. D．Changed slightly. 2．Which best describes “China chic”? A．It aims mainly to promote Chinese exports. B．It mixes traditional culture with current trends. C．It attracts mostly middle-aged and older consumers. D．It draws major inspiration from Western fashion styles. 3．What is identified as the primary driver behind the rise of China chic? A．The expansion of China’s economy. B．The growth in people’s purchasing power. C．A renewed sense of cultural identity. D．The influence of social media on the youth. 4．What does the author imply about the future of China chic? A．It will soon lead global fashion. B．It will need more policy support. C．It will remain a small market. D．It will continue to develop and diversify. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍国潮的流行、特点及发展动因与前景。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“According to relevant data, the search volume for the keyword “Guochao” increased by 392.66% year-on-year from January to July 2022. (根据相关数据显示，2022年1月至7月，“国潮”关键词的搜索量同比增长了392.66%)”可知，国潮关键词搜索量同比大幅增长，由此可推测划线词与选项A含义相近，意为“急剧上升”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“China chic integrates unique cultural elements with the latest trends across various industries. (“国潮”将独特的文化元素与各行业的最新潮流相融合)”可知，国潮将独特文化元素与最新潮流融合。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most importantly, cultural confidence is the driving force behind the rise of China chic. (最重要的是，文化自信是国潮兴起的核心驱动力)”可知，国潮兴起的核心驱动力是文化自信，即“重新焕发的文化认同感”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But as it has become a part of people’s lives, there is no doubt that even more diverse China chic products will emerge in the future to showcase Chinese charm. (但随着它已逐渐融入人们的日常生活，毫无疑问，未来将涌现出更多样化的国潮产品，向世界展现独特的中国魅力)”可知，作者认为未来会出现更多元的国潮产品，即国潮将“继续发展并多元化”。故选D。 Passage 12 Prehistoric people may have used firelight to create the illusion (错觉) of movement in their art. An analysis of 50 carved stones dug up in France suggests that when the stones were placed near a fire, the light made the carved animals appear to move, researchers reported on April 20 in PLOS ONE. These stones, or “plaquettes”, were discovered in the 1860s in a rock shelter called Montastruc and were carved with images of animals such as horses and deer. The site was used by Magdalenian people, hunter-gatherers who inhabited the area between 23,000 and 14,000 years ago. The researchers analyzed heat damage on the stones, which indicated that they had been exposed directly to high temperatures for prolonged periods, and created 3D models of the stones. These models were imported into virtual reality software and placed next to a virtual hearth (壁炉炉床) so that the heat-damaged areas were closest to the flames, simulating how the stones might have been arranged in real life. The researchers then observed the visual effects under the virtual firelight. “It was surprising to see how dynamic the art was and how much your experience of the art changed with something as simple as placing it near a fire,” says Andy Needham, an archaeologist at the University of York in England. He suggests that the artists intentionally carved along the contours (轮廓) of the rock to use the flickering firelight to create an impression of meaningful movement. The finding enhances archaeologists’ understanding of the relationship between early humans’ artwork and fire. Another recent study found that Stone Age humans created “hidden” art in dark caves that could only be illuminated and viewed with appropriate lighting. 1．What is known about the carved stones from the text? A．They were found in Spain in the 1860s. B．They were carved with animals in motion. C．They were made by Magdalenian people about 14,000 years ago. D．They showed animals like horses and deer. 2．Why did the researchers create 3D models and place them near a virtual hearth? A．To measure the exact temperature of the flames. B．To imitate how the stones might have been used with fire. C．To repair the heat-damaged areas on the stones. D．To identify the types of animals carved on the stones. 3．What does Andy Needham suggest about the ancient artists? A．They preferred to work in dark caves. B．They avoided carving near the edges of the stones. C．They had a deep understanding of visual effects. D．They might have relied on firelight while carving the stones. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Hidden Art in Dark Caves B．How Ancient People Made Tools from Stones C．A New Study on Hunter-Gatherer Life in France D．The Effect of Firelight on Ancient Art Perception 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于史前人类可能利用火光使雕刻动物产生运动错觉的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“These stones, or “plaquettes”, were discovered in the 1860s in a rock shelter called Montastruc and were carved with images of animals such as horses and deer. (这些石板，或称为plaquettes，最早于19世纪1年代在一处名为Montastruc的岩棚中被发现，上面刻有马、鹿等动物的图像)”可知，这些石板上雕刻着马和鹿等动物的图像。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“These models were imported into virtual reality software and placed next to a virtual hearth so that the heat-damaged areas were closest to the flames, simulating how the stones might have been arranged in real life. The researchers then observed the visual effects under the virtual firelight. (这些模型被导入虚拟现实软件中，并放置在虚拟壁炉旁，使受热损坏的区域最靠近火焰，以此模拟这些石板在现实生活中的可能摆放方式。随后，研究人员观察了在虚拟火光下的视觉效果)”可知，研究人员是为了模拟这些石头在现实生活中可能被摆放的方式，并观察在虚拟火光下的视觉效果。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He suggests that the artists intentionally carved along the contours of the rock to use the flickering firelight to create an impression of meaningful movement. (他提出，艺术家们可能是有意沿着岩石的轮廓进行雕刻，以便利用摇曳的火光创造出富有意义的动态印象)”可知,这种有意地利用光影效果来达到有意义的运动的艺术表现，表明他们对视觉效果有深入的理解。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Prehistoric people may have used firelight to create the illusion of movement in their art. (史前人类可能曾利用火光在他们的艺术作品中制造出运动的错觉)”可知，文章开篇就提出史前人类利用火光，随后第二、三段详细描述了研究人员如何通过模拟火光来验证这一假设，并引用考古学家的观点支持火光在艺术感知中的作用。最后一段也提到火光与早期人类艺术的关系。因此，文章的核心内容是探讨火光对古代艺术感知的影响。故选D。 Passage 13 Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims. Students in the study became anxious even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not recognize it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on behavior, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases preferences for time-saving products. “More strikingly, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate gain over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was marked. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly accelerated afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than separate versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose instant reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behavior at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate satisfaction.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food regardless of whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “For example, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.” “We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is promoting a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no rush at all.” 1．What is the finding of the study? A．Fast food promotes efficiency. B．Fast food is harmful to people’s health. C．Fast food rushes people into action. D．Fast food logos are easily recognized. 2．Which were participants more likely to choose when exposed to fast food symbols? A．Larger future rewards. B．Time-consuming products. C．Delayed greater gains. D．Immediate financial returns. 3．What does the underlined word “accelerated” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Sped up. B．Swept up. C．Stepped down D．Slowed down. 4．What does Chen-Bo Zhong’s example about “walking faster in a park” imply? A．Saving time is always beneficial. B．Fast food makes people satisfied. C．People should avoid fast food restaurants. D．Hurriedness is inappropriate in relaxed atmosphere. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍新研究：接触快餐或其标识会让人潜意识变匆忙、没耐心，实验显示参与者会偏好省时产品、选即时奖励，还提及专家观点指出该影响不分场景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.(一项新的研究称，即使人们并不缺乏时间，吃快餐也会让人变得急躁)”以及第三段“Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on behavior, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time.(研究人员表示，每天接触快餐品牌可能会对人的行为产生潜意识的影响，即便时间并不紧迫，人们也会加快行动速度)”可知，这项研究的结论是快餐会促使人们迅速行动起来。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose instant reward after being exposed to the brands.(当被问及是愿意立即获得一小笔钱，还是愿意在一周后获得一大笔钱时，他们再次选择了即时获得的报酬，而且这一选择是在接触这些品牌之后做出的)”可知，当接触到快餐标志时，参与者更有可能选择立即获得的经济回报。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on behavior, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time.(研究人员表示，每天接触快餐品牌可能会对人的行为产生潜意识的影响，即便时间并不紧迫，人们也会加快行动速度)”可知，前文提到“接触快餐标识会让人潜意识里变得匆忙”，此处“测量参与者看到标识前后的阅读速度”，结合“变得匆忙”的语境，阅读速度应是“加快”。故划线词意思是“加速”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food  regardless of whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “For example, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”(问题在于，一旦接触到快餐，节省时间这一目标就会自动被激活，而不管时间在该情境中是否是一个重要因素。“例如，当一个人急于赶去参加会议时，加快步伐是节省时间的表现，但当一个人在公园散步时，加快步伐则意味着缺乏耐心。”)”可知，所举的“在公园里加快脚步行走”这一例子表明在轻松的环境中，匆忙行事是不合适的。故选D。 Passage 14 Scientists at Carnegie Mellon University have created a super-small camera called the Microimager, which is thinner than a human hair. It can bend with movements and take clear pictures inside the brain without causing much damage. The camera is only 7 micrometers thick (14 times thinner than a hair) and 400 micrometers wide. Traditional endoscopes, the snake-like cameras doctors put through the body during procedures, are relatively massive compared to this new invention and often severely harm delicate brain tissue. But this thin, flexible device can slip between neurons (神经元), according to the research published in Biomedical Optics Express. Surgeons could one day use this technology to precisely identify the edges of abnormal growths during operations, potentially salvaging more healthy brain tissue. Researchers studying neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s could observe brain cells in action without the cut-into-the-body procedures that are presently required. And unlike rigid fiber cameras that can only capture a single point of light, this flexible device has 20independent channels that create detailed images. Creating such a tiny, functional camera demanded solutions to long-standing engineering challenges. One was about rethinking how to make the device. Unlike previous metal masks(掩模) that caused rough edges (spreading light and reducing image quality) ,the Carnegie Mellon team used smooth photoresist (光刻胶) masks, resulting in cleaner wave guides. They also addressed the need for extreme thinness and medical durability by layering different tissue-safe materials. This combination creates a significant difference in how light bends through each material, effectively trapping light within each wave-guide channel. Existing commercial systems, which are employed to examine brain activity, cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars but provide only single-point measurements. The Microimager could offer 20 times more spatial information in a package that’s dramatically safe. With the ability to resolve features as small as 30 micrometers, it could successfully distinguish between different layers of brain tissue. It is giving a much-needed upgrade to how we study and treat the most complex organ in the human body. 1．Why does the author mention traditional endoscopes? A．To clarify a definition. B．To present an argument. C．To make a comparison. D．To reach a conclusion. 2．What does the underlined word “salvaging” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Repairing. B．Saving. C．Changing. D．Creating. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning the Microimager? A．Its application effects. B．Its working principle. C．Its innovative points. D．Its experimental process. 4．Which best describes current commercial systems used to study brain activity? A．Economical. B．Time-consuming. C．Promising. D．Cost-inefficient. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡内基梅隆大学科学家研制出超小型相机Microimager，它比头发还薄，能弯曲，对脑组织损伤小，有多项创新，可为研究治疗人体最复杂器官提供急需升级。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional endoscopes, the snake-like cameras doctors put through the body during procedures, are relatively massive compared to this new invention and often severely harm delicate brain tissue.(传统的内窥镜，即医生在手术过程中置入人体的那种蛇形摄像头，与这项新发明相比体积相对较大，而且常常会对脆弱的脑组织造成严重损伤。)”以及“But this thin, flexible device can slip between neurons (神经元), according to the research published in Biomedical Optics Express.(但根据发表在《生物医学光学快报》上的这项研究，这种薄而灵活的装置能够嵌入神经元之间。)”以及第一段中“It can bend with movements and take clear pictures inside the brain without causing much damage.(它能够随着动作而弯曲，并且能够在大脑内部清晰成像，同时不会造成太大损伤。)”可知，传统的内窥镜会对脆弱的脑组织造成严重损伤，但是新的设备不会造成太大损伤；因此作者提到传统内窥镜是为了将传统内窥镜与新发明的Microimager作比较，突出新发明的优势。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Surgeons could one day use this technology to precisely identify the edges of abnormal growths during operations, potentially salvaging more healthy brain tissue.(未来，外科医生或许能够利用这项技术在手术过程中精准地确定异常肿块的边界，从而有可能……更多的健康脑组织。)”可知，在该项技术的使用中，外科医生在手术中能够精确识别异常生长边缘，目的是拯救更多健康的脑组织。故划线词意思是“拯救”，与B项“Saving(拯救)”意思一致。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Unlike previous metal masks (掩模) that caused rough edges (spreading light and reducing image quality) ,the Carnegie Mellon team used smooth photoresist (光刻胶) masks, resulting in cleaner wave guides. They also addressed the need for extreme thinness and medical durability by layering different tissue-safe materials. This combination creates a significant difference in how light bends through each material, effectively trapping light within each wave-guide channel.(与以往那些会导致边缘粗糙（致使光线散射并降低图像质量）的金属掩模不同，卡内基梅隆大学的研究团队采用了光滑的光刻胶掩模，从而得到了更纯净的波导。他们还通过叠加不同的、对组织安全的材料，来满足设备极度轻薄且具有医疗耐用性的需求。这种组合使光线穿过每种材料时产生的弯曲情况有了显著差异，从而有效地将光线限制在每个波导通道内。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了制造Microimager需要解决长期的工程挑战，如重新思考制作设备的方法，使用光滑的光刻胶掩模，通过叠加不同组织安全材料满足极端薄度和医疗耐用性等，这些都是Microimager的创新点。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Existing commercial systems, which are employed to examine brain activity, cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars but provide only single-point measurements.(现有的用于检测大脑活动的商业系统价格高达数万美元，但只能提供单一的测量数据。)”可知，现有的用于检查大脑活动的商业系统价格高达数万美元，但只提供单点测量，说明其成本效益低，即成本高且效率低。故选D。 Passage 15 When it comes to navigating (导航) areas, past studies showed that the abilities don’t truly kick in until 12. However, a new study has revealed that children aged 5 can find their way around large spaces. The researchers involved with this study previously concentrated on three regions of the adult brain that help navigation: PPA, which lets us recognize places and assign them to different categories, RSC, which maps these places within a larger space and OPA, which keeps us from running into objects. In 2024, they found that the system associated with OPA doesn't fully develop until the age of 8. However, they theorized that younger children must still be able to create a map of their surroundings, even before they can walk well. The new study confirmed that RSC is already well-developed in children younger than 8. The results come from an interesting experiment involving five-year-old participants who became familiar with a virtual location called “Tiny Town” full of entertaining landmarks like ice cream stores, playgrounds and fire stations. “We want to get answers, but it’s also important that participants have a good time and a good impression of science,” said Yaelan Jung, first author of the study. Then the researchers conducted fMRI scans (磁共振扫描) on the children, during which they participated in a game-like task where they were shown images from Tiny Town and pressed a button if the images accurately related. Data from the scans proved that the children were able to create a map in their minds, using RSC in their brains to facilitate navigation in larger spaces. The next step, the researchers say, is to look into the brain development of toddlers (学步孩童) with cleverer strategies. “It’s stimulating to explore how humans use different parts of the brain for complex behaviors and how that changes with age and experiences,” Jung said in a press release. “We’re also laying the groundwork for clinical applications.” 1．According to the new study, why can five-year-olds navigate large areas? A．They can mentally map a large environment. B．Their OPA region has developed to the full. C．Their PPA region helps them avoid objects. D．They can walk well by recognizing places. 2．Why did the researchers design Tiny Town? A．To confirm the accuracy of fMRI scans. B．To improve kids’ scientific competence. C．To make the experiment engaging for kids. D．To adjust kids’ emotion before the experiment. 3．What are Yaelan Jung’s words in the last paragraph mainly about? A．Influence of research strategies. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Demand for a larger sample size. D．Solid evidence of the findings. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Brain Development: A Magic Solution B．Young Children: Natural Navigators at Age 5 C．Tiny Town: A Key to Unlocking Brain Secrets D．Three Regions: Core Parts for Mapping Places 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明5岁儿童已能在广阔空间导航，还提及研究团队此前对成人导航相关脑区的研究、此次实验过程及后续研究计划。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Data from the scans proved that the children were able to create a map in their minds, using RSC in their brains to facilitate navigation in larger spaces. (扫描数据显示，这些儿童能够在大脑中构建“小镇”的方位地图，并借助RSC脑区的功能，实现对广阔空间的导航。)”可知，5岁儿童能在广阔空间导航，是因为他们能够在大脑中构建环境地图，借助RSC脑区实现导航。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The results come from an interesting experiment involving five-year-old participants who became familiar with a virtual location called “Tiny Town” full of entertaining landmarks like ice cream stores, playgrounds and fire stations. “We want to get answers, but it’s also important that participants have a good time and a good impression of science,” said Yaelan Jung, first author of the study. (研究结论来源于一项趣味实验：研究人员让5岁受试者先熟悉一个名为“Tiny Town”的虚拟场景，场景中设有冰淇淋店、游乐场、消防站等充满趣味性的地标。该研究的第一作者Yaelan Jung表示：“我们希望通过实验找到答案，但同样重要的是，要让受试者在过程中感到快乐，并对科学留下良好印象。”)”可知，研究人员设计“Tiny Town”，是因为其包含有趣地标，能让儿童在实验中获得乐趣，让实验对孩子更有吸引力。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It’s stimulating to explore how humans use different parts of the brain for complex behaviors and how that changes with age and experiences,” Jung said in a press release. “We’re also laying the groundwork for clinical applications.” (Yaelan Jung在新闻发布会上称：“探索人类如何运用大脑不同区域完成复杂行为，以及这种能力如何随年龄增长和经验积累发生变化，是极具启发意义的课题。同时，我们的研究也在为相关临床应用奠定基础。”)”可知，Yaelan Jung的话既提及了未来值得探索的研究方向（人类如何利用大脑不同区域完成复杂行为及该能力的变化），也提到研究对临床应用的铺垫，核心围绕后续研究的可能方向展开。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“However, a new study has revealed that children aged 5 can find their way around larges paces. (然而，一项新研究却发现，5岁儿童已能在广阔空间中辨别方向、自主穿行。)”以及全文内容可知，全文围绕“一项新研究发现5岁儿童已能在广阔空间导航”展开，先对比以往“12岁才具备导航能力”的研究结论，再介绍实验过程、脑区作用及后续研究方向，核心主题是5岁儿童的导航能力。选项B“Young Children: Natural Navigators at Age 5 (五岁儿童：天生的导航者)”与此相符。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $