高考英语非谓语动词考点大全-2027届安徽高考英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理非谓语动词专题，涵盖动词不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）的基本形式、句法功能及八大核心考点，构建从基础形式到时态语态、逻辑主语的完整知识框架。 清单采用分类对比（如不定式与动名词作宾语的区别）、高频易错点标注（15个高考必背要点）和30道专练题（附解析）呈现知识，突出“现在分词表主动进行、过去分词表被动完成”等重难点，培养学生思维品质和语言能力。特设“疑问词+不定式”“独立主格结构”等应用提示，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此优化教学，提升备考效率。

高考英语非谓语动词考点大全 2027届安徽高考英语一轮复习（新高考I卷） 概述：非谓语动词的分类与基本形式 非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。它们在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 一、三种非谓语动词的基本形式 1. 动词不定式（to do） 主动式：to do（一般式）/ to be doing（进行式）/ to have done（完成式） 被动式：to be done（一般式）/ to have been done（完成式） 否定式：not to do 2. 动名词/现在分词（doing） 主动式：doing（一般式）/ having done（完成式） 被动式：being done（一般式）/ having been done（完成式） 否定式：not doing 3. 过去分词（done） 只有一种形式：done（既表被动又表完成） 否定式：not done 二、非谓语动词的句法功能对比 • 不定式：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补 • 动名词：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 • 现在分词：可作表语、定语、状语、宾补 • 过去分词：可作表语、定语、状语、宾补 考点一：动词不定式（to do） 1. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。 To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。（it作形式主语） It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。（of sb. to do，形容词表示人的品质） It is necessary for us to learn English. 我们有必要学英语。（for sb. to do，形容词表示事物的性质） 2. 不定式作宾语 下列动词后只能接不定式作宾语： want, hope, wish, expect, decide, determine, plan, intend, mean, promise, refuse, fail, manage, offer, pretend, agree, happen, seem, appear, afford, choose, demand, desire, long, prepare, tend, volunteer等 I want to go abroad for further study. 我想出国深造。 He promised to come on time. 他答应准时来。 She pretended not to see me. 她假装没看见我。 3. 不定式作表语 不定式作表语，表示主语的具体内容或将来的动作。 My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 The most important thing is to stay calm. 最重要的是保持冷静。 4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He is looking for a house to live in. 他在找房子住。 She is the first person to arrive. 她是第一个到的人。 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面要加相应的介词。 5. 不定式作状语 • 目的状语：to do / in order to do / so as to do He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起赶第一班公交车。 In order to pass the exam, he studied hard. 为了通过考试，他努力学习。 • 结果状语：only to do（出乎意料的结果）/ so...as to do / such...as to do He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。 • 原因状语：be + 形容词 + to do I am glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 She was surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息她很惊讶。 6. 不定式作宾语补足语 下列动词后接不定式作宾补（不带to）： 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：make, let, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助：help（可带to也可不带to） I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。（全过程） The teacher made me clean the classroom. 老师让我打扫教室。 注意：这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式要带to。 He was seen to cross the street. 有人看见他过了马路。 7. 疑问词+不定式 疑问词what/who/which/when/where/how/whether + 不定式，可作主语、宾语、表语。 I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。 The question is how to solve the problem. 问题是如何解决这个问题。 When to start has not been decided. 何时出发还没决定。 8. 不定式的省略 • 为避免重复，不定式中的动词常省略，只保留to —Would you like to go with me? —I'd like to. ——你愿意和我一起去吗？——我愿意。 • 介词but/except前有实义动词do时，后面的不定式不带to He did nothing but watch TV all day. 他整天除了看电视什么也没做。 I have no choice but to wait. 我别无选择，只能等待。（but前没有do，要带to） 考点二：动名词（doing） 1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。也可用it作形式主语。 Reading is a good habit. 阅读是个好习惯。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is worthwhile learning English. 学英语是值得的。 2. 动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, escape, practice, suggest, advise, consider, admit, deny, delay, postpone, imagine, fancy, risk, keep, miss, appreciate, forgive, pardon, allow, permit, forbid, recommend, understand, resist, mention, report, celebrate, endure, stand, tolerate, dislike, hate, love, like, prefer, begin, start, continue, cease, propose, intend, mean, remember, forget, regret, try, stop, go on, need, want, require等 I enjoy reading novels. 我喜欢读小说。 He avoided answering my question. 他回避回答我的问题。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开窗吗？ 3. 动名词作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 The problem is finding enough time. 问题是找到足够的时间。 4. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途或功能。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧铺车厢 5. 动名词的复合结构 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语或宾语。 Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗吗？ Tom's being late made the teacher angry. 汤姆迟到让老师生气。 I appreciate your helping me. 我感谢你帮助我。 注意：在口语中，作宾语时也可用人称代词宾格或名词普通格。 Would you mind me opening the window? 你介意我开窗吗？（口语中可用me） 6. 动名词的完成式和被动式 I remember having seen the film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。（完成式，表示动作先于谓语） The problem is far from being solved. 这个问题远未解决。（被动式） He came to the party without being invited. 他没被邀请就来参加聚会了。（被动式） 考点三：分词（现在分词doing / 过去分词done） 1. 分词作定语 • 现在分词作定语：表示主动、进行 a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping 正在睡觉的婴儿 the rising sun = the sun which is rising 正在升起的太阳 • 过去分词作定语：表示被动、完成 a broken window = a window which has been broken 被打破的窗户 the risen sun = the sun which has risen 已经升起的太阳 • 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后 The man standing there is my father. 站在那里的人是我父亲。 The book written by Lu Xun is very popular. 鲁迅写的那本书很受欢迎。 2. 分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。 • 时间状语 Walking in the street, I met an old friend. 在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。 • 原因状语 Being ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病，他没去上学。 Moved by his words, she cried. 被他的话感动，她哭了。 • 条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你会成功的。 Given more time, I could do it better. 如果给更多时间，我能做得更好。 • 让步状语 Knowing the truth, he didn't say anything. 虽然知道真相，他什么也没说。 Even if invited, I won't go. 即使被邀请，我也不去。 • 方式/伴随状语 He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那里看书。 The teacher came in, followed by some students. 老师走进来，后面跟着一些学生。 • 结果状语 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲去世了，给他留下很多钱。 The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. 老科学家突然去世，留下项目未完成。 3. 分词作表语 • 现在分词作表语：表示主语的性质或特征（令人...的） The film is very interesting. 这部电影很有趣。 The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 • 过去分词作表语：表示主语的状态（感到...的） I am interested in the film. 我对这部电影感兴趣。 She is excited at the news. 听到这个消息她很兴奋。 4. 分词作宾语补足语 • 现在分词作宾补：表示动作正在进行 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。（正在进行） I heard someone singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 • 过去分词作宾补：表示动作被动完成 I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。 He found his wallet stolen. 他发现钱包被偷了。 • 常见接分词作宾补的动词：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel, find, get, have, make, keep, leave, catch, send等 考点四：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1. 意义差别较大的词 remember to do / remember doing Remember to close the door when you leave. 离开时记得关门。（未做） I remember closing the door when I left. 我记得离开时关了门。（已做） forget to do / forget doing I forgot to post the letter. 我忘了寄信。（未做） I forgot posting the letter. 我忘了曾寄过信。（已做） regret to do / regret doing I regret to tell you that you failed. 我遗憾地告诉你你没通过。（对将要做的事遗憾） I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告诉了他真相。（对已做的事后悔） try to do / try doing He tried to climb the mountain. 他努力爬山。（努力做） He tried knocking at the back door. 他试着敲后门。（尝试做） stop to do / stop doing He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。（停下来去做另一件事） He stopped having a rest. 他停止休息。（停止正在做的事） go on to do / go on doing After finishing his homework, he went on to read a novel. 完成作业后，他接着读小说。（接着做另一件事） He went on reading the novel. 他继续读小说。（继续做同一件事） mean to do / mean doing I mean to go there tomorrow. 我打算明天去那里。（打算做） Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 错过公交车意味着再等一小时。（意味着） want to do / want doing I want to go home. 我想回家。（想要做） The house wants repairing. 房子需要修理。（需要被做=want to be done） need to do / need doing I need to have a rest. 我需要休息。（需要做） The room needs cleaning. 房间需要打扫。（需要被做=need to be cleaned） require to do / require doing We require to be told the truth. 我们要求被告知真相。（要求做） The machine requires repairing. 机器需要修理。（需要被做=require to be repaired） 2. 既可接不定式又可接动名词，意义差别不大的词 like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, cease, can't bear等。一般来说，不定式表示具体的、将来的动作；动名词表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。 I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today. 我喜欢游泳，但今天不想游。 考点五：现在分词与过去分词的区别 1. 语态区别 • 现在分词：表示主动（逻辑主语是动作的执行者） The man standing there is my teacher. 站在那里的人是我老师。（the man主动stand） • 过去分词：表示被动（逻辑主语是动作的承受者） The book written by him is popular. 他写的书很受欢迎。（the book被write） 2. 时间区别 • 现在分词：表示动作正在进行 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 a sleeping baby 正在睡觉的婴儿 • 过去分词：表示动作已经完成 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 a fallen tree 已经倒下的树 3. 作表语时的区别 • 现在分词：表示"令人...的"（主语通常是物） The movie is moving. 这部电影令人感动。 The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。 • 过去分词：表示"感到...的"（主语通常是人） I am moved by the movie. 我被电影感动了。 He is disappointed at the result. 他对结果感到失望。 4. 常见的-ing形容词和-ed形容词 interesting/interested, exciting/excited, surprising/surprised, disappointing/disappointed, moving/moved, touching/touched, pleasing/pleased, satisfying/satisfied, tiring/tired, boring/bored, relaxing/relaxed, confusing/confused, embarrassing/embarrassed, frightening/frightened, terrifying/terrified, amazing/amazed, astonishing/astonished, shocking/shocked, puzzling/puzzled, worrying/worried等 考点六：非谓语动词的时态与语态 1. 不定式的时态与语态 一般式 to do / to be done 表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生。 He wants to go abroad. 他想出国。（go在want之后） The meeting is to be held tomorrow. 会议明天举行。（被动） 进行式 to be doing 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 我进来时他假装在看书。 完成式 to have done / to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你久等了。（keep在am sorry之前） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被翻译成多种语言。（被动完成） 2. 动名词/现在分词的时态与语态 一般式 doing / being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生。 He enjoys listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐。 The problem is far from being solved. 问题远未解决。（被动） 完成式 having done / having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 完成作业后，他出去玩了。（finish在went out之前） Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library. 被带着参观实验室后，我们被带去看图书馆。（被动完成） 3. 过去分词的时态与语态 过去分词只有一种形式done，既表被动又表完成。 Given more time, I could do it better. 如果给更多时间，我能做得更好。（被动+完成） The book written by him is popular. 他写的书很受欢迎。（被动+完成） 考点七：非谓语动词的逻辑主语 1. 非谓语动词作状语时，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致 Walking in the street, I met an old friend. 在街上走时，我遇到了老朋友。（I是walking的逻辑主语，正确） 错误：Walking in the street, an old friend met me.（an old friend不是walking的逻辑主语） 2. 独立主格结构 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 结构：名词/代词 + 分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语 Weather permitting, we will go outing tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。（weather是permitting的逻辑主语） The work done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们回家了。（the work是done的逻辑主语） He stood there, his hands in his pockets. 他站在那里，手插在口袋里。（独立主格：名词+介词短语） The meeting over, everyone left the room. 会议结束后，大家都离开了房间。（独立主格：名词+副词） So many people to help, we are sure to succeed. 有这么多人帮忙，我们一定会成功。（独立主格：名词+不定式） 3. with复合结构 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语） With the boy leading the way, we found the house easily. 有男孩带路，我们很容易找到了房子。（with+宾语+现在分词） With the work finished, he went home. 工作完成后，他回家了。（with+宾语+过去分词） With a lot of work to do, he can't go out. 有很多工作要做，他不能出去。（with+宾语+不定式） He fell asleep with the light on. 他开着灯睡着了。（with+宾语+副词） She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着书进来了。（with+宾语+介词短语） 考点八：非谓语动词的特殊用法 1. 不定式主动形式表被动意义 • 主语 + be + 形容词 + to do（形容词：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, pleasant, nice, fit, heavy, light等） The question is easy to answer. 这个问题容易回答。（主动表被动） The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难懂。（主动表被动） • There be + 名词 + to do There is a lot of work to do. 有很多工作要做。（主动表被动） • 主语 + have/has + 名词 + to do I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。（主动表被动） 注意：如果强调动作被别人做，可用被动式to be done I have a letter to be posted. 我有一封信要（别人）寄。 2. 动名词主动形式表被动意义 need / want / require / deserve / be worth + doing（主动表被动） The room needs cleaning. 房间需要打扫。= The room needs to be cleaned. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。（不能说to be read） The problem deserves paying attention to. 这个问题值得关注。 3. 不定式符号to的省略 • 情态动词（can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, dare）后接动词原形 • 使役动词make/let/have和感官动词see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel后接不定式作宾补时，不带to（被动语态要带to） • help后接不定式作宾补时，可带to也可不带to • had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but, do nothing but等后接动词原形 You had better go now. 你最好现在走。 I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。 He did nothing but watch TV. 他除了看电视什么也没做。 4. 非谓语动词的否定形式 not要放在非谓语动词之前。 He decided not to go there. 他决定不去那里。（not to do） I regret not telling him the truth. 我后悔没告诉他真相。（not doing） Not having received a reply, he wrote again. 没收到回复，他又写了一封信。（not having done） 5. 连词+分词 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可省略"主语+be"，构成"连词+分词"结构。 常见连词：when, while, if, unless, though, although, even if, once, as if, as though, than, as等 When (you are) in trouble, ask me for help. 遇到困难时，找我帮忙。 If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam. 如果加热，水会变成蒸汽。 Though (he was) tired, he went on working. 虽然累了，他继续工作。 高频易错点总结（高考必背） 1. 只能接不定式作宾语的动词 want, hope, wish, expect, decide, plan, promise, refuse, fail, manage, offer, pretend, agree, afford等。 2. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, practice, suggest, consider, admit, delay, imagine, risk, keep, miss, appreciate等。 3. 接不定式和动名词意义不同的词 remember, forget, regret, try, stop, go on, mean, want, need, require等。 4. 使役动词和感官动词后接宾补 make/let/have/see/watch/hear/feel等后接不带to的不定式；变为被动语态时要带to。 5. 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。 6. -ing形容词与-ed形容词 -ing形容词表示"令人...的"（主语是物）；-ed形容词表示"感到...的"（主语是人）。 7. 非谓语动词作状语时逻辑主语一致 非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则用独立主格结构或with复合结构。 8. 不定式的完成式 to have done表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用于be said/reported/known to have done, be sorry to have done等。 9. 动名词的复合结构 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词，如my opening the door, Tom's being late。 10. 主动形式表被动意义 be easy/difficult/hard to do; need/want/require doing; be worth doing。 11. 疑问词+不定式 what to do, how to do it, when to start, where to go, whether to go等，可作主语、宾语、表语。 12. only to do作结果状语 表示出乎意料的结果，如He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 13. 独立主格结构 名词/代词 + 分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语，逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时使用。 14. with复合结构 with + 宾语 + 宾补（分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语），作伴随、原因、条件等状语。 15. 非谓语动词的否定形式 not放在非谓语动词之前，如not to do, not doing, not having done。 专练（30题） 一、单项选择（15题） 1. ______ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 2. The park was full of people, ______ themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 3. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved 4. Last night, there were millions of people ______ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 5. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend 6. The lecture ______, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 7. ______ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 8. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 9. Clearly and thoughtfully ______, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written 10. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ______ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 11. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned 12. Today there are more airplanes ______ more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 13. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ______. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 14. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized 15. It's quite hot today. Do you feel like ______ for a swim? A. to go B. going C. go D. having gone 二、单句语法填空（15题） 16. ______ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 17. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ______ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 18. I stopped the car ______ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 19. ______ (not, know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 20. The sunlight is white and blinding, ______ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground. 21. The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______ (stand) in one corner. 22. ______ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again. 23. Let those in need ______ (understand) that we will go all out to help them. 24. The witnesses ______ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 25. The airport ______ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 26. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ (use) in daily conversations. 27. The young man, ______ (make) several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping, decided to have another try. 28. ______ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. 29. Volunteering gives you a chance ______ (change) lives, including your own. 30. With the couple ______ (work) in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time. 答案与解析 一、单项选择答案 1. C 不定式作目的状语，"为了赶上早班飞机"。 2. C 现在分词作伴随状语，people与enjoy是主动关系。 3. D 不定式作定语，problems与solve是被动关系，且表示将来，用to be solved。 4. D 现在分词作定语，people与watch是主动关系，表示正在进行。 5. C 现在分词完成式作状语，spend的动作发生在appears之前，用having spent。 6. D 独立主格结构，lecture与give是被动完成关系，用having been given。 7. A 动名词作主语，"理解你自己的需求和沟通方式"。 8. C 过去分词作宾补，products与develop是被动关系，"看到许多新产品被开发出来"。 9. C 过去分词作状语，book与write是被动关系，"这本书被写得清晰而有思想"。 10. C 过去分词作定语，nurse与appoint是被动关系，"被任命来保护她的护士"。 11. B 过去分词作定语，cameras与return是被动关系，"被退回我们商店的相机"。 12. B 现在分词作定语，airplanes与carry是主动关系，"搭载更多人的飞机"。 13. A 过去分词作表语，stay connected"保持联系"。 14. B 动名词被动式作介词宾语，without being recognized"不被认出"。 15. B feel like后接动名词作宾语，"想要去游泳"。 二、单句语法填空答案 16. Knowing 动名词作主语，"了解基本的急救技巧"。 17. wondering 现在分词作伴随状语，she与wonder是主动关系。 18. to take 不定式作目的状语，"停下车来休息一会儿"。 19. Not knowing 现在分词作原因状语，否定式not放在前面，"不知道上哪所大学"。 20. throwing 现在分词作结果状语，sunlight与throw是主动关系。 21. standing 现在分词作定语，bookshelf与stand是主动关系。 22. Having eaten 现在分词完成式作原因状语，eat的动作发生在didn't want之前。 23. understand let后接不带to的不定式作宾补。 24. questioned 过去分词作定语，witnesses与question是被动关系，"被警察询问的目击者"。 25. to be completed 不定式被动式作定语，表示将来被动，"明年将完工的机场"。 26. used 过去分词作定语，words与use是被动关系，"日常对话中使用的词"。 27. having made 现在分词完成式作定语，young man与make是主动关系，且动作发生在decided之前。 28. Founded 过去分词作状语，school与found是被动关系，"这所学校建于20世纪初"。 29. to change 不定式作定语，a chance to do sth."做某事的机会"。 30. working with复合结构，couple与work是主动关系，"这对夫妇在附近的城镇工作"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $