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外研版 七下 Unit 2 Go for it.语法精讲精练
—— both / neither / either / all / none 五词辨析 ——
使用说明
both、neither、either 用于「两者」,all、none 用于「三者或三者以上」;它们既可单独作代词,又可构成「代词 + of + 名词/代词复数」以及 both...and、neither...nor、either...or 并列结构,是中考单项选择和主谓一致的高频考点。本讲用一张总览表统摄五词,再逐一精讲其含义、of 结构的谓语单复数与并列连词的就近原则,并补充全部否定与部分否定、none 与 no one/nothing 的区别,配套三类分层练习,答案与解析统一附于文末。
第一讲 知识精讲
一、五词总览(核心表)
代词
含义
使用范围
of 结构作主语时谓语
对应并列连词及谓语
both
两者都(肯定)
两者
both of + 复数,谓语用复数
both...and... 谓语用复数
neither
两者都不(全否)
两者
neither of + 复数,谓语单、复均可(正式多用单数)
neither...nor... 谓语就近一致
either
两者中任何一个
两者
either of + 复数,谓语用单数
either...or... 谓语就近一致
all
全部都(肯定)
三者或以上
all of + 复数,谓语用复数
——
none
全部都不(全否)
三者或以上
none of + 复数/不可数,谓语单、复均可(正式多用单数)
——
【注】记忆线索:「两者」一组 both / either / neither,「三者及以上」一组 all / none;肯定—任一—否定依次为 both—either—neither(两者)、all—(任一 any)—none(多者)。
二、both「两者都」
1. both 指两个人或物「都」,作主语或「both of + 复数名词/代词」作主语时,谓语用复数。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Both of us are going to the party. 我们俩都要去参加聚会。
2. both...and... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词一律用复数。
Both Tom and Mary are teachers. 汤姆和玛丽都是老师。
3. both 作主语同位语时,放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
My parents are both doctors. / My parents both like reading. 我父母都是医生。/ 我父母都喜欢阅读。
三、neither「两者都不」
1. neither 表示对两者的全部否定。「neither of + 复数」作主语时,谓语用单数(正式)或复数(口语)均可。
Neither of us speaks/speak English. 我们俩都不说英语。
2. neither...nor...「既不……也不……」连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循「就近原则」,与靠近谓语的主语一致。
Neither you nor I am good at English. 你和我都不擅长英语。(谓语与最近的 I 一致,用 am)
四、either「两者中任何一个」
1. either 指两者中的「任一个」,「either of + 复数」作主语时,谓语用单数。
Either of the books is popular with the students. 两本书中随便哪一本都受学生欢迎。
2. either...or...「或者……或者……;要么……要么……」连接并列主语时,谓语遵循「就近原则」。
Either a doctor or two teachers are going there. 要么一名医生、要么两名教师将去那里。(谓语与最近的 two teachers 一致,用 are)
3. either 作限定词修饰单数可数名词,意为「两者中每一(边)」,on either side = on both sides(注意单复数)。
There are flowers on either side of the street. 街道两旁都有花。(= on both sides,side 用单数)
【注】either 还可作副词,用于否定句末表示「也」:I don't like it, either. 我也不喜欢。(肯定句末用 too)
五、all「三者或以上全都」
all 指三个或三个以上的人或物「全部、都」。「all of + 复数」作主语时谓语用复数;all 也可修饰不可数名词,此时谓语用单数。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
All of the four students are Young Pioneers. 这四个学生都是少先队员。
All the water is clean. 所有的水都是干净的。(water 不可数,谓语用 is)
六、none「三者或以上都不」
none 表示对三者或以上的全部否定,可指人也可指物。「none of + 复数名词/代词」作主语时,谓语单、复数均可(正式多用单数);接不可数名词时只能用单数。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
None of the students has/have an English book. 没有一个学生有英语书。
None of the money is mine. 这些钱没有一点是我的。(money 不可数,只能用 is)
none 与 no one / nothing 的区别
词
指代
能否接 of
回答的提问
none
可指人、可指物(数量上一个也没有)
可接 of
回答 how many / how much(数量)
no one
只指人,= nobody
不接 of
回答 who
nothing
只指物(什么都没有)
不接 of
回答 what
—How many students are in the room? —None. ——房间里有多少学生?——一个也没有。
七、全部否定与部分否定(中考易错)
表达
含义
例句
both / all(全肯定)
两者/全部都
Both of them are right. 两人都对。/ All of us know it. 我们都知道。
neither / none(全否定)
两者/全部都不
Neither of them is right. 两人都不对。/ None of us knows it. 我们没人知道。
not both / not all(部分否定)
并非两者/全部都(=有的……有的不……)
Not both of them are right. 并非两人都对。/ Not all of us know it. 我们并非都知道。
【易错警示】both、all 与 not 连用时只表示「部分否定」(并非都……);要表示「全都不」的全部否定,两者用 neither,三者及以上用 none。
八、主谓一致规则汇总
1. both...and... 连接主语 → 谓语复数。
2. neither...nor...、either...or...(以及 not only...but also...)连接主语 → 就近原则,谓语与最近的主语一致。
3. of 结构:both of / all of + 复数 → 复数谓语;either of + 复数 → 单数谓语;neither of / none of + 复数 → 单复皆可(正式偏单数)。
九、典型例题精讲
【例1】Neither you nor I ______ good at English.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】A
【解析】neither...nor... 遵循就近原则,谓语与最近的主语 I 一致,用 am,故选 A。
【例2】Either of the two books ______ popular with the students.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
【答案】B
【解析】either of + 复数名词作主语,谓语用单数,故选 B。
【例3】There are flowers on ______ side of the street.
A. all B. both C. either D. every
【答案】C
【解析】空格后 side 为单数,either 修饰单数名词表「两边中的每一边」,on either side = on both sides;both 后须接 sides,故选 C。
【例4】—How many students are in the classroom? —______.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Neither
【答案】A
【解析】回答 how many 提问的数量「一个也没有」用 none;no one 回答 who,nothing 回答 what,故选 A。
【例5】______ of my parents likes pop music; they both like Beijing Opera.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either
【答案】C
【解析】parents 是两者,由后句「他们都喜欢京剧」可知两人都不喜欢流行乐,表两者全否用 neither,且谓语 likes 为单数也与之一致,故选 C。
第二讲 综合演练
题型一 单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)
1. Both the boys ______ clever.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
2. Both Tom and Mary ______ teachers.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
3. Both of us ______ going to the party.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
4. Neither of us ______ English well.
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. to speak
5. Neither you nor I ______ good at English.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
6. Either of the two books ______ popular with the students.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
7. Either you or he ______ wrong.
A. are B. am C. is D. were
8. All of the four students ______ Young Pioneers.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
9. None of the money ______ mine.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
10. There are flowers on ______ side of the street.
A.all B. both C. either D. every
11. —How many books have you bought? —______.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Neither
12. ______ of my parents likes pop music; they like Beijing Opera.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either
13. ______ Lily ______ Lucy may go with you, because one of them must stay at home.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
14. My parents ______ like reading after supper.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
15. There are tall trees on ______ sides of the road.
A. either B. both C. all D. neither
题型二 用 both / neither / either / all / none 或所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共14分)
1. Both the boys ______ (be) clever.
2. Both Tom and Mary ______ (be) teachers.
3. Neither of us ______ (speak) English.(正式文体)
4. Neither you nor he ______ (be) wrong.
5. Either of the books ______ (be) popular with the students.
6. Either a doctor or two nurses ______ (be) needed there.
7. All the flowers ______ (be) gone.
8. None of the students ______ (have) an English book.(正式文体)
9. There are shops on either ______ (side) of the street.
10. ______ of the five girls are League members.(填 Both / All)
11. ______ of his hands is clean, so he has to wash them.(填 Both / Neither)
12. The two girls ______ like dancing.(填 both / all)
13. ______ you or I am going to attend the meeting.(填 Either / Both)
14. ______ of the food was left after the party.(填 None / No one)
题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换(每小题2分,共10题)
A. 根据汉语意思完成句子(1—5题,每空一词)
1. 两个男孩都很聪明。
______ the boys ______ clever.
2. 汤姆和玛丽都是老师。
______ Tom ______ Mary are teachers.
3. 你和我都不擅长英语。
______ you ______ I am good at English.
4. 街道两旁都有花。
There are flowers on ______ ______ of the street.
5. 这四个学生都是少先队员。
______ ______ the four students are Young Pioneers.
B. 句型转换(6—10题,每空一词)
6. Both of them like English.(改为全部否定句)
______ of them ______ English.
7. All the students are here.(改为全部否定句)
______ ______ the students ______ here.
8. Either you or he is wrong.(用 neither...nor 改写为「你和他都没错」)
______ you ______ he ______ wrong.
9. He doesn't like tea. I don't like tea, either.(用 neither...nor 合并为一句)
______ he ______ I ______ tea.
10. We can do it this way. We can also do it that way.(用 either...or 合并为一句)
We can do it ______ this way ______ that way.
答案与解析
题型一 单项选择
1. 【答案】B 【解析】both 修饰复数主语,谓语用复数 are
2. 【答案】B 【解析】both...and... 连接主语,谓语用复数
3. 【答案】B 【解析】both of + 复数,谓语用复数
4. 【答案】B 【解析】neither of + 复数正式文体谓语用单数 speaks
5. 【答案】A 【解析】neither...nor 就近原则,靠近 I 用 am
6. 【答案】B 【解析】either of + 复数,谓语用单数 is
7. 【答案】C 【解析】either...or 就近原则,靠近 he 用 is
8. 【答案】B 【解析】all of + 复数,谓语用复数 are
9. 【答案】A 【解析】none of + 不可数名词 money,谓语只能用单数 is
10. 【答案】C 【解析】either 修饰单数 side,on either side=on both sides
11. 【答案】A 【解析】回答 how many 的数量用 none
12. 【答案】C 【解析】parents 两者且全否,用 neither,likes 单数也一致
13. 【答案】C 【解析】两人只能去一个,表「要么……要么」用 either...or
14. 【答案】A 【解析】parents 两者,同位语用 both,位于实义动词 like 前
15. 【答案】B 【解析】sides 为复数,道路两边用 both sides
题型二 选词 / 适当形式填空
1. 【答案】are 【解析】both + 复数,谓语用 are
2. 【答案】are 【解析】both...and... 谓语用复数 are
3. 【答案】speaks 【解析】neither of 正式用单数 speaks
4. 【答案】is 【解析】neither...nor 就近,靠近 he 用 is
5. 【答案】is 【解析】either of + 复数用单数 is
6. 【答案】are 【解析】either...or 就近,靠近 two nurses 用 are
7. 【答案】are 【解析】all + 复数用 are
8. 【答案】has 【解析】none of 正式用单数 has(口语 have 亦可)
9. 【答案】side 【解析】either 后接单数名词 side
10. 【答案】All 【解析】五个女孩是三者以上,用 All,句首大写
11. 【答案】Neither 【解析】两只手且 is 单数、后句要洗,表全否用 Neither
12. 【答案】both 【解析】two girls 两者,同位语用 both
13. 【答案】Either 【解析】与 or 搭配、就近 I am,用 Either
14. 【答案】None 【解析】none 可接 of 且可指物(food),no one 只指人且不接 of
题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换
1. 【答案】Both; are 【解析】两者都 Both,谓语复数 are
2. 【答案】Both; and 【解析】both...and... 连接并列主语
3. 【答案】Neither; nor 【解析】两者全否 neither...nor,就近 I 用 am
4. 【答案】either side 【解析】on either side = on both sides,side 单数
5. 【答案】All of 【解析】三者以上全肯定用 All of
6. 【答案】Neither; likes 【解析】both 的全否用 neither,正式用单数 likes
7. 【答案】None of; are/is 【解析】all 的全否用 none of,谓语正式 is、口语 are
8. 【答案】Neither; nor; is 【解析】neither...nor 就近 he,用 is
9. 【答案】Neither; nor; like 【解析】两人全否合并,就近 I 用动词原形 like
10. 【答案】either; or 【解析】两种方式选其一,用 either...or
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